The Illusion of the Unified Self and the Resolution of the Free Will Problem: A Systems-Based Analysis Using the Universal Formula of Natural Law

The traditional concept of a unified, autonomous human self underpins moral philosophy, religion, law, and social institutions. However, advances in neuroscience, biology, and physics increasingly challenge the existence of such a self as a material or causal entity. This paper presents a comprehensive systems-based analysis demonstrating that the ``self’’ is a functional construct rather than an independent agent. Using the Universal Formula of Natural Law---comprising System Integrity (Karma), Universal Balance (Homeostasis), Feedback Mechanisms, and Universal Interconnected Nodes---this work resolves the long-standing free will paradox by reframing human identity as a dynamic node within an interconnected lawful system. The analysis preserves moral responsibility, ethical order, and religious meaning without relying on metaphysical free will.