Electrical Dry Needling Versus Sham Dry Needling in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of electrical dry needling (EDN) compared to sham dry needling (SDN) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). CLBP is a common musculoskeletal condition associated with persistent pain, functional limitations, and reduced quality of life. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are often implicated in CLBP and represent a key therapeutic target. Dry needling is a minimally invasive procedure where fine needles are inserted into trigger points to release muscle tension and alleviate pain. Electrical dry needling is an advanced variation that applies low-frequency electrical stimulation through the inserted needles, potentially enhancing therapeutic effects. However, evidence is limited regarding its superiority over sham procedures. In this randomized controlled trial, 70 adult participants with CLBP persisting for at least three months will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A (EDN + Conventional Therapy): Patients will receive electrical dry needling at active MTrPs combined with a structured physiotherapy program. Group B (SDN + Conventional Therapy): Patients will receive sham dry needling at the same anatomical sites (using superficial or blunt needle placement without penetration) alongside the same physiotherapy program. Interventions will be delivered weekly for six weeks. Assessments will occur at baseline, third week, and sixth week. Primary outcomes include: Pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) Functional disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, RMDQ) Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK) This trial is designed to clarify the clinical value of EDN beyond placebo effects, providing evidence to guide management of CLBP.