Postoperative Pain and Periapical Tissue Healing

The success of endodontic treatment derives from the complete elimination of microorganisms capable of causing an intraradicular or extra radicular infection. To achieve a more effective eradication of these microorganisms, endodontic instrumentation must always be implemented with abundant irrigation, which has to achieve chemical, mechanical and biological effects. The objectives of root canal irrigation are to dissolve vital or necrotic pulp tissues, disrupt endodontic biofilms, neutralize endotoxins and remove the smear layer. Antimicrobial activity and biofilm destruction appear to be the most important objectives targeted towards the etiology of pulp and periradicular infections.