Efficacy and Mechanism of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation of the Bai Ethnicity in the Treatment of UC

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), affects over 2 million people worldwide . Although biological therapies have significantly improved the treatment outcomes for UC, nearly two-thirds of patients experience diminishing drug responses over time, making it crucial to explore novel therapeutic approaches targeting the underlying pathophysiology of UC. UC is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, reduced microbial diversity, and changes in the relative abundance of dominant bacterial populations. Specifically, UC patients exhibit a marked decrease in gut microbiota diversity at the species level, with a reduction in Firmicutes (e.g., Clostridium butyricum) and an increase in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli), Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides . Given the association between gut microbiota alterations and IBD activity, several studies have proposed microbiota-based therapies, particularly fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a treatment for UC.