Comparative Effects of Spencer Techniques and Movement With Mobilization in Improving Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Rotator Cuff Syndrome.

This study will be randomised clinical trial conducted at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 60 participants will be selected and randomly allocated into two treatment groups (30 participants in each group) using the lottery method. All screened and willing participants who meet the eligibility criteria will be assigned to either Group A or Group B. Group A: Spencer Technique with Conventional Therapy Participants allocated to Group A will receive the Spencer Technique in combination with conventional physiotherapy. The intervention will follow a structured and progressive protocol for 6 weeks. Conventional Therapy (15 minutes per session) Conventional treatment will be administered prior to manual therapy and will include: Moist Hot Pack (5 minutes): A moist hot pack will be applied to the affected shoulder at a comfortable therapeutic temperature. A towel layer will be placed between the hot pack and the skin to prevent burns. Shoulder Stretching Exercises (10 minutes): Passive stretching will be performed to improve flexibility, reduce muscle tightness, and enhance shoulder range of motion. Each stretch will be held for 20-30 seconds and repeated 3-5 times. Stretching will include: Shoulder flexion and extension (supine position) Shoulder abduction Shoulder adduction (cross-body stretch) Internal and external rotation at 90° abduction Stretching will be performed five sessions per week. Spencer Technique (20 minutes per session) Following conventional therapy, the Spencer technique will be administered in seven sequential steps: Shoulder extension with elbow flexion to the point of restriction Shoulder flexion with elbow extension Circumduction with compression at 90° abduction Circumduction with distraction at 90° abduction Abduction with internal rotation (hand placed behind hip) Adduction with external rotation Stretching with fluid pumping maneuver (5-10 repetitions) Dosage and Progression: Frequenc