Investigating the Effects of Exercise on Physiological Changes and Toxin Removal in Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment for end stage renal disease patients. The chief aims of hemodialysis are solute and fluid removal. Solute removal is associated with outcome of dialysis patients. Intra-dialytic exercise has been found to improve the toxin removal and it is suggested that exercise increases the cardiac output, thus increases the blood flow to lower extremities. This leads to increased toxin removal from low blood flow regions. On the other hand, exercise can possibly dilate the vasculature and decrease the compartmental resistance. In this study, the investigators aim to investigate the exercise induced physiological changes which enhances the toxin removal. This information combined with patient specific mathematical models will encourage clinicians to opt for Optimal intra-dialytic exercise protocol. On the other hand, Hemodiafiltration is widely accepted renal replacement therapy for improved toxin removal. Hence, we intend to compare the toxin removal outcome for standalone Hemodiafiltration and intra-dialytic exercise in conventional hemodialysis.