Psychological Well-Being, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

This prospective cross-sectional observational study aims to explore the relationships among psychological well-being, depression, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient metabolic clinic at National Taiwan University Hospital. The study will collect data using standardized instruments, including the EQ-5D Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, the PHQ-9 Depression Scale, and the Shalom Scale of Psychological Well-Being, along with demographic and clinical variables such as age, sex, education, body mass index, HbA1c, disease duration, and psychosocial support indicators. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression modeling will be performed to identify factors associated with psychological well-being. The findings are expected to provide evidence-based insights to inform tailored interventions and improve the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.