Effortful Swallow Maneuver for Swallowing Impairment in People With Parkinson Disease

Context: Many people with Parkinson Disease (PwPD) experience swallowing difficulties, particularly with food/liquid going down the wrong way or remaining in the throat after swallowing. Prior studies suggest that exercise-based treatments targeting swallowing strength may be effective in reducing these difficulties. Research question: Does an exercise-based treatment involving the effortful swallow maneuver improve swallowing function in PwPD? Study plan: The investigators will study the effects of a four-week intensive swallowing rehabilitation program in PwPD, over a 2-year period.