Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent disease worldwide in women and men. In 2022, lung cancer stood as the most frequently diagnosed cancer with approximately 2.48 million new cases on a global scale, followed by cancers of the female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (4.9%). Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide according to data provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In 2022 they estimated a 1.8 million deaths across the world. Specifically in Spain, from 1980 to 2022, lung cancer led to 745,182 deaths. Histologically, lung cancer (LC) can be classified into two major subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for 85% and 15% of LC patients, respectively. Smoking is the major risk factor for SCLC. There are two stages of SCLC: limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) and extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Limited-stage (LS) means that the cancer is located on the ipsilateral hemithorax that can be encompassed within a radiation port while extensive-stage (ES) means that the cancer has spread widely throughout the lungs, to non-regional lymph nodes or to other organs. At present, LS is identified in \~30% of patients, and ES is identified in \~70% of patients with SCLC. With a 5-year survival rate of less than 7%, SCLC is still one of the most lethal malignancies and it is also characterized by early metastatic spread. Reflecting this high metastatic capacity, two thirds of patients already have tumor cell dissemination outside the chest at the time of initial diagnosis (ES-SCLC). Therefore, the number of patients with LS-SCLC who can benefit from multimodality therapy with potentially curative intent is limited. SCLC is a highly aggressive form of LC that typically recurs and progresses rapidly despite initial response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with LS-SCLC. The etoposide/platinum (EP) combination was the standard of care (SoC) for patient