EVALUATION OF SALIVARY BİOMARKER LEVELS IN SMOKING AND NON-SMOKER INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT PERIODONTAL DISEASES

This study aimed to compare various cytokine levels in saliva samples in order to understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. In particular, HMGB1, sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels were examined between smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis and non-smokers with gingivitis and periodontally healthy individuals. 80 systemically healthy individuals were included in the study. These individuals were divided into four groups: 20 non-smoker periodontally healthy, 20 non-smoker with gingivitis, 20 non- smokers with periodontitis and 20 smokers with periodontitis. Periodontal clinical parameters of each individual were measured and saliva samples were taken. HMGB1, sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. Statistical analyses were performed on the data to examine the differences in cytokine levels between the groups and the relationships of these cytokines with clinical parameters. The findings obtained may contribute to the research of potential biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases and new ways of treatment processes.