Development of Standard References of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and Maximal Expiratory Pressure in Healthy Adults

(1) Maximum respiratory pressure (MRP)1) Maximum inspiratory pressure (maximum intake pressure) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) Digital spirometer (Pony FX, COSMED Inc., Italy) are used to measure the micro-paste in a seated position. MIP is based on the pressure maintained for at least 1 second, inhaling or exhaling with maximum effort in the maximum exhalation state (=residual volume) and the maximum exhalation state (=total lung capacity). The maximum positive pressure value of the MEP and the minimum sound pressure value of the MIP are selected among the three or more attempts. 2) Using the MVV (maximum volitional ventilation) Digital spirometer (Pony FX, COSMED Inc., Italy) machine, repeat breathing deeply and quickly for 12 seconds while wearing a nose plug, and multiply it by 5 to obtain the L/min value. (2) Measure the values of the Pneumatic ventilation. · FVC (forced vital capacity): Total expiratory volume of one of the maximum effort gases · FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1, effort expiratory volume): Ejected expiratory volume of the first second of the maximum effort expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC): FVC ratio, percentage of FVCs, and extraction of the FVC (excessive flow). PEF): Highest speed of effort opportunity