The Influence of Patient Use of Artificial Intelligence on Doctor-Patient Interaction and Clinical Outcomes in Endometriosis Consultations

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), including large language models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, is increasingly used by patients to obtain medical information and prepare for clinical encounters. Although these tools often provide guideline-consistent information, their responses may be incomplete, inaccurate, or lack personalization, potentially influencing patient expectations and clinical interactions. The impact of patient AI use on satisfaction, adherence, and physician-patient communication remains poorly understood. This prospective comparative study will evaluate the effects of patient AI use prior to gynecologic consultations for endometriosis. Women attending a specialized endometriosis clinic will be categorized as AI users or non-users based on their preparation for the visit. Patient-reported outcomes, including satisfaction, expectations, adherence to physician recommendations, and pain during physical examination, will be assessed using validated questionnaires and visual analogue scales. Physicians, blinded to AI use, will independently assess patient engagement, trust, and compliance. Visit duration will also be recorded. The primary objective is to determine whether AI use affects patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment recommendations. Secondary objectives include evaluating physician-perceived interaction quality and concordance between AI-generated guidance and physician recommendations. Findings from this study will provide critical evidence on how AI influences patient behavior and clinical care in endometriosis, informing best practices for integrating AI-informed patients into routine clinical encounters.