Magnesium Sulfate in Bronchial Asthma and Acute Bronchiolitis in Children

Asthma is a prevalent disease that affects as many as334 million individuals worldwide, and is a major source of disability and premature death in children(1). Asthma affects 7.1 million children in the United States (2). and is the most common pediatric chronic disease(3).Globally, the prevalence of pediatric asthma varies from 10% to 30%. Its symptoms range from chronic cough to life-threatening bronchospasm.(4,5,6).The most common triggers of asthma exacerbations in both younger and older children are viral respiratory tract infections, exposure to allergens, tobacco smoke, air pollutants, cold or dry air, and poorly controlled asthma(4,7).Current management strategies for acute asthma recommend a stepwise approach, with first-line standard therapy followed by additional therapeutic options(8).Firstline therapy consists of inhaled rapid-acting selective b2-agonists, inhaled ipratropium bromide, and oral or intravenous corticosteroids. Response to standard acute asthma therapy is variable, influenced by factors that cannot be assessed or accounted for urgently such as genetic polymorphisms(9-12).For patients who do not respond adequately to first-line therapy, further improvement can be seen with additional therapy such as inhaled magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) or intravenous aminophylline, terbutaline, or magnesium sulfate. Though all available second-line therapeutic agents produce bronchodilatory effects, magnesium sulfate produces fewer side effects, is more widely available, and costs less than other second-line therapies(13). This combination of efficacy, few side effects, wide availability, and low cost suggest that magnesium sulphate is a promising therapeutic agent that deserves further consideration for use in children with acute asthma. Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that is caused by viral agents, especially respiratory syncytial virus, most prevalent in children aged less than 24months(14). It is the most common re