Efficacy of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most important infectious disease in the world. Preventive treatment plays an important role in successful control of TB. For preventive therapy, the three-month (12-dose) regimen of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3RPT/INH) are now recommended by WHO for its non-inferiority, safety and convenience compared with 6\~9 months regimen of daily isoniazid monotherapy or 3\~4 months daily rifampicin monotherapy. And the treatment completion rate is higher compared with daily regimen. However, relevant study is lacking in China where the TB burden is high with the incidence rate of 70/100, 000. And the provision of chemoprophylaxis is not recommended in China currently. Silicosis is a high risk factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This is an open-label, randomized, Phase III clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of the 3RPT/INH to prevent tuberculosis (TB) compared with those who do not receive preventive treatment among silicotic patients.