AZD8055 for Adults With Recurrent Gliomas

Background: \- AZD8055 is an experimental cancer treatment drug that works by inhibiting a protein called mTOR, which is known to promote tumor cell and blood vessel growth and to control tumor s energy and nutrient levels. AZD8055 is the first drug that inhibits both types of mTOR protein and is expected to be more effective than prior mTOR inhibitors. However, more research is needed to determine its safety and effectiveness in treating brain tumors known as gliomas that have not responded to standard treatments. Objectives: \- To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of AZD8055 in individuals with gliomas that have not responded to standard treatments. Eligibility: \- Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with gliomas that have not responded to standard chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation. Design: * Participants will be screened with a physical examination, medical history, blood tests, and tumor imaging studies. * Participants will be separated into two treatment groups: one group that will receive surgery to remove the glioma and one that will not have surgical treatment. * Participants in the nonsurgical treatment group will take AZD8055 by mouth daily for a 42-day cycle of treatment. Participants will keep a diary to record doses and keep track of any side effects. * Participants in the surgical treatment group will take AZD8055 by mouth daily for 7 days, and then will have tumor removal surgery. At least 3 weeks after surgery, participants will resume doses of AZD8055 and will continue to take the drug for as long as the tumor does not recur. * During treatment, participants will have regular visits to the clinical center, involving frequent blood and urine tests and other examinations to monitor the effects of treatment. Participants will have imaging studies to study the cancer's response to the treatment. * Participants will continue to have cycles of treatment for as long as the treatment continues to be effective and the si