Longitudinal Comparative Effectiveness of Bipolar Disorder Therapies

The objective of this retrospective observational study is to compare commonly prescribed bipolar disorder medications for their impact on: (1) hospitalization; (2) suicide attempts and self-harm; and (3) risk of drug-induced adverse effects such as kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. In addition, the investigators will examine heterogeneity of treatment effect by co-morbidity within pediatric, adult, and elderly sub-populations. Patient focus groups are convened to elicit additional questions and provide feedback on results.