Diet, Physical Activity and Breastfeeding Intervention on Maternal Nutrition, Offspring Growth and Development

NCDs are observed mostly in adults, however there is strong evidence that suggests NCDs origin early in life, thus the first 1000 days of life (conception to age 2yrs). Studies show that maternal BMI before conception and during pregnancy predict future risk of obesity and associated metabolic conditions in both mother and offspring. Weight gain during the first two years of life is also critical in defining the infant's predisposition to obesity during adulthood. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of delivering a primary health care intervention to enhance compliance with updated nutrition and health care (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) standards from early pregnancy through the first year of life. Methods: cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), designed as a public health intervention "program effectiveness" study (i.e. intervention will be available through the established national health system under standard operating conditions). A cluster unit will be a primary health care centers (PHCC) in South-East Santiago 12 PHCC will be randomly allocated to: enhanced nutrition and health care (intervention group) or routine nutrition and health care (control group).We will recruit 200 women in each of 12 PHCC; assuming a 20% loss to f-up we will complete 960 women per arm. After randomization, pregnant women in the intervention PHCCs starting at their first pre-natal visit (\< 15 wks.) will receive, diet and physical activity (PA) counseling-support based on updated recommendations and monitoring goals for weight gain \& glycemic control and breastfeeding (BF) promotion till 12 m postpartum. Pregnant women who attend control PHCCs will receive routine antenatal care according to national guidelines. Expected results: participants in the intervention PHCCs will benefit by achieving adequate nutritional status \& metabolic control, during and early after, pregnancy as well as adequate infant growth \& development as a result of improved nutrition and