Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing RIRS and PCNL

This prospective observational cohort study aimed to compare preoperative anxiety levels in adult patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones. The surgical approach was determined according to routine clinical indications and was not assigned by the study protocol. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Demographic, clinical, and stone-related characteristics were also recorded to evaluate factors associated with preoperative anxiety.