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Vertical Assessment of RF-EMF Exposure in a Building Adjacent to a Multi-Operator Shared Base Station Ricardo Q. de F. H. Silva, Marcio E. C. Rodrigues, Fred S. R. Pinheiro, Gutembergue S. da Silva, Halysson B. Mendonça and Vicente A. de Sousa Jr.
arXiv:2609.12783v1 [cs.NI] 11 Sep 2026
Abstract—This paper extends a previously published proposed approach for estimating worst-case exposure scenarios in buildings using publicly available Base Station (BS) parameters, applying it to a critical case involving a multi-operator shared site. Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) exposure was assessed on every floor of a 20-story building facing the site, revealing significantly higher levels near the center of the antennas’ estimated vertical zone of interest, with a peak of 31.86 V/m, 23.95 times higher than the street-level peak value. However, due to uncertainties in the input parameters, measurements across all locations within the zone of interest are required to accurately identify the floor of maximum exposure. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed estimation approach and highlight the need for improved methods that consider BS antenna configurations and current technical information to ensure accurate assessments of exposure to RF-EMF. Index Terms—Base Stations; Buildings; Mobile Networks; Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields; Vertical Assessment.
I. I NTRODUCTION The assessment of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure in urban areas has been the subject of numerous studies worldwide [1]. Particular emphasis has been placed on exposure inside buildings near Base Station (BS) antennas, since the apartments in these buildings have a higher exposure potential. Several studies have approached these scenarios, either as the primary topic of investigation or as part of more general investigations. Some studies rely on scenario modeling [2], [3], seeking predictive models that can estimate exposure levels from antenna configuration, urban morphology, and spatial relationships. Others adopt in situ measurement campaigns [4]–[15], providing empirical characterization of exposure levels in buildings under real deployment conditions. In the second group, the works that employ technical information from BS antennas to determine assessment points in
Halysson B. Mendonça (ORCID: 0000-0002-9411-2809) is with the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL), Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]). Ricardo Q. de F. H. Silva (ORCID: 0000-0003-0861-4341), Marcio E. C. Rodrigues (ORCID: 0000-0002-8399-3241), Fred S. R. Pinheiro (ORCID: 0000-0002-4442-8784), Gutembergue S. da Silva (ORCID: 0000-0001-5951-4805), and Vicente A. de Sousa Jr. (ORCID: 0000-0003-2859-6136) are with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (e-mails: [email protected], {marcio.rodrigues, fred.rossiter, gutembergue.soares, vicente.sousa}@ufrn.br). This study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nı́vel Superior (CAPES) - Brazil - Finance Code 001. In compliance with CNPq Ordinance No. 2664/2026, the authors attest that generative artificial intelligence was used solely for linguistic editing and text refinement, with no usage in the study’s conceptualization, analysis, or scientific interpretation. The authors thank ANATEL for the partnership, with special acknowledgment to its operational unit in Natal. Submission: 2025-11-16, First decision: 2026-02-10, Acceptance: 2026-03-20, Publication: 2026-03-27. Digital Object Identifier: 10.14209/jcis.2026.8
buildings are limited to measurements in a single building, with full knowledge of the exact antenna configuration and installation parameters [2], [6]. In studies where researchers assessed more than one building [9], [11], they used the technical data solely to identify which buildings fall within the exposure zone of antenna emissions, without estimating whether specific floors may be more susceptible to worst-case exposure scenarios. An author’s previous study [16] proposed a new approach for assessing RF-EMF exposure in buildings directly exposed to emissions from BS antennas. This method uses BS antenna configuration parameters to select buildings that may be subject to higher exposure levels and to estimate which floors are likely to experience the worst-case exposure. The selection procedure, based on publicly available data on BS configuration and geographical location, prioritizes assessments on buildings that are directly exposed. This allows large-scale evaluations, covering an entire city, since measurements are taken only in buildings that meet the approach’s criteria. In 2024, we applied the proposed approach in Natal, the capital of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Measurements carried out in four of the city’s 22 target buildings revealed average electric field strengths of up to 13.14 V/m and peak values of 22.79 V/m [16]. For this contribution, we reapplied the proposed approach to the same city in 2025 to track changes in BS deployments. Measurements conducted in one of the selected buildings, not included in the 2024 measurement campaign, drew particular attention for exhibiting a peak electric field strength higher than the maximum reported in the literature for a similar scenario, as presented in [12]. The present study also aims to validate the methodology presented in [16] through a measurement campaign not focused on the specific points originally defined by the methodology, but rather on adjacent locations that allow continuous vertical assessment under comparable exposure conditions. This novel study extends the results of [16] by reporting findings from the unpublished 2025 measurement campaign covering all floors of a building directly exposed to BS antenna emissions. It provides additional empirical validation of the proposed methodology, offers full-building exposure characterization in a high-exposure scenario, and demonstrates the vertical amplification effects in the exposure distribution. The remaining sections of this work are organized as follows. Section II describes the evaluated scenario, while Section III presents our measuring methodology. Section IV presents and discusses the measurement results. Finally, Section V provides our final remarks with suggestions of future research directions.
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II. E VALUATED S CENARIO We carried out measurements in one of the 34 buildings, identified by reapplying the approach proposed in [16]. We identified this building as the highest criticality due to its proximity and the number of nearby telecommunications installations. The target building is located across the street from a two-BS shared site, whose information is given in the Tab. I. We calculated the distance between the target building and the target BSs using the geodesic distance between each object’s coordinates. Using the BSs’ horizontal zone of interest diagram, we determined which azimuth emissions were directed toward the target building. Using data from ANATEL’s Mosaico platform [17], we identify the mobile communication technologies employed in the emissions and calculate the total power of potential transmitters related to the incident azimuth. TABLE I: Target BSs information. Parameter Distance from the Target Building Incident Azimuth Azimuth’s Total Transmitter Power Azimuth’s Network Technologies
Value 44.90 m 120◦ [17] 585.6 W [17] GSM, WCDMA, LTE and NR [17]
According to [17], the antennas of azimuth 120° radiate at two distinct elevations (-2° and 0°). Overlaying the vertical zone-of-interest diagram on the 3D map image of the site reveals that the center of both emissions falls on the 11th floor of the target building, as shown in Fig. 1b. The target building is also located at the center of the horizontal zone of interest of its respective target BSs, as shown in Fig. 1a. Fig. 1c depicts the position of the 11th floor in relation to the target BSs antennas. III. M EASUREMENT P ROCEDURE The target building’s architectural design allowed measurements in a technical area, without entering the apartment units. This
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part of the building has free access to the façade, allowing us to conduct one-minute time-averaged measurements on all levels. At each measurement location, the nearby walls are built of brick and covered with ceramic tiles on the outside. Based on the results of this assessment, we identified the floors with the highest electric field strength. Then, we took 30-minute measurements on the three floors with the highest electric field levels. Tab. II displays measurement data for these campaigns. TABLE II: Measurement Information. Parameter Date Start Time Finish Time Region Temperature
One-minute Campaign 02/21/2025 3:10 PM 4:20 PM 29 ◦ C
30-minute Campaign 02/25/2025 2:40 PM 4:54 PM 31 ◦ C
We utilized the Narda NBM-520 broadband field meter [18] and the EF 0691 electric field probe [19] to conduct the measurements. This setup enabled the measurement of Root Mean Square (RMS) values of electric field intensity at frequencies ranging from 100 kHz to 6 GHz. We also used a wooden tripod to stabilize the equipment at the measurement points and minimize disturbances during the measurements. We positioned the measurement setup so that the probe remained at least 2 m away from reflective or absorptive surfaces of electromagnetic waves and from people. In addition, we set the probe height to 1.7 m, as specified in [20]. Fig. 2 shows the measurement setup positioned on the 11th floor, highlighted in orange in Fig. 1c, during the measurement. Notice that the target BSs antennas are at a height equivalent to the target floor identified by the proposed approach. To comply with the non-disturbance condition of the measurements, the measurement team kept their mobile phones in airplane mode throughout the entire measurement procedure. Tab. III displays the limits used by Brazilian legislation [20]. According to [20], using broadband measurement equipment
Fig. 1: Target building scenario. (a) Target BSs horizontal zone of interest. (b) Target BSs vertical zone of interest. (c) 11th floor (highlighted in orange) and target BSs antennas (highlighted in green).
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ER =
Erms Elim
2 (1)
In Equation 1, Erms represents the RMS value of the measured electric field (in V/m), and Elim denotes the reference limit for public exposure established by regulatory guidelines. The flowchart in Fig. 3 summarizes the procedure followed in the measurement campaigns described in this section. Fig. 2: Measurement setup positioned on the 11th floor of the target building. ensures compliance with the simultaneous exposure limit to multiple radiofrequency fields by not exceeding the most rigorous exposure limit within the assessed frequency range. As a result, the outcomes of this study were established using a limit of 27.70 V/m, which corresponds to the 88-108 MHz broadcasting services operating in Natal. TABLE III: General population exposure limits used by ANATEL [20], following [21]. Electric Field Intensity, E (V/m) 8.3 kHz to 100 kHz 83 0.1 MHz to 30 MHz 300/f 0.7 30 MHz to 400 MHz 27.70 400 MHz to 2000 MHz 1.375f 1/2 2 GHz to 300 GHz NA* *“NA” signifies “Not Applicable”. Frequency Range
Magnetic Field Intensity, H (A/m) 21 2.2/f 0.073 0.0037f 1/2 NA*
Incident Power Density, Sinc (W/m2 ) NA* NA* 2 f /200 10
We also determined the exposure limits for the frequency bands used by the operators of the target BSs, which are available on ANATEL’s Mosaico platform [17]. Applying the equation from Tab. III, we found that the most restrictive limit for these bands is 38.35 V/m, referred to the 778 MHz frequency band used for LTE in the target BSs, as detailed in Tab. IV. For comparison and informational purposes, we also used this limit in our study findings. TABLE IV: Limits for downlink frequencies used in the target BS [17]. 3GPP Band 778.0 n28 874.5 n5 885.0 n5 1830.0 n3 1855.0 n3 1875.0 n3 2117.5 n1 2130.0 n1 2140.0 n1 2640.0 n7 2655.0 n7 3350.0 n78 3550.0 n78 *“NA” signifies “Not Applicable”. Frequency (MHz)
Network Technology(ies) LTE WCDMA WCDMA GSM GSM and LTE GSM and LTE WCDMA LTE WCDMA LTE LTE NR NR
Limit (V/m) [20] 38.35 40.66 40.90 58.82 59.22 59.54 NA* NA* NA* NA* NA* NA* NA*
To match the physical quantity used in ANATEL’s RF-EMF evaluations [22], we measured electric field intensity (V/m). In the post-processing, we also evaluated the Exposure Ratio (ER), defined in Equation 1 [23].
Fig. 3: Measurement procedure flowchart. IV. R ESULTS Tab. V shows the results of average and peak Electric Field (EF) intensity, and the ERs for the one-minute measurement campaign. TABLE V: One-minute campaign average, peak, and exposure ratio results. Measurement Location Street Level 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor 4th Floor 5th Floor 6th Floor 7th Floor 8th Floor 9th Floor 10th Floor 11th Floor 12th Floor 13th Floor 14th Floor 15th Floor 16th Floor 17th Floor 18th Floor 19th Floor 20th Floor
Average EF Intensity (V/m) 0.64 0.44 0.47 0.50 0.79 0.69 1.18 2.30 3.90 7.33 17.16 13.36 6.57 3.12 1.72 2.22 2.01 1.05 1.06 1.31 0.89
Peak EF Intensity (V/m) 0.97 0.70 0.64 0.73 1.03 0.88 1.55 2.75 5.07 9.91 28.47 15.98 8.26 4.06 2.09 2.90 2.54 1.64 1.30 1.61 1.09
ER (%) (778 MHz)
ER (%) (88 MHz)
0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.36 1.03 3.65 20.02 12.14 2.93 0.66 0.20 0.34 0.27 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.05
0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.18 0.69 1.98 7.00 38.38 23.26 5.63 1.27 0.39 0.64 0.53 0.14 0.15 0.22 0.10
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The average electric field intensity ranged from 0.44 V/m on the first level to 17.16 V/m on the 10th floor, which also presented a peak value of 28.47 V/m, the highest measured in this campaign. The average electric field finding of the 10th floor represents 20.02% of the limit established for the mobile telephony frequency band (38.35 V/m) and 38.38% of the 27.70 V/m limit established for the broadcast band. Tab. VI indicates that the results of the 30-minute measurement campaign on the 9th , 10th , and 11th floors presented a higher average and peak electric field intensity values than the first campaign on these floors. This is caused by the more extended data collection period used in this campaign, which enables a more comprehensive capture of network traffic variations and power emission. TABLE VI: 30-minute campaign average, peak, and exposure ratio results. Measurement Location Street Level 9th Floor 10th Floor 11th Floor
Average EF Intensity (V/m) 0.83 6.74 17.34 13.13
Peak EF Intensity (V/m) 1.33 10.18 31.86 18.36
ER (%) (778 MHz)
ER (%) (88 MHz)
0.05 3.09 20.44 11.72
0.09 5.92 39.19 22.47
The 30-minute campaign’s average electric field values ranged from 0.83 V/m on the street level to 17.34 V/m on the 10th floor, with the 10th floor also presenting the highest peak value measured (31.86 V/m). The average electric field result of the 10th floor represents 20.44% of the limit established for the mobile telephony frequency band and 39.19% of the more restrictive limit for the equipment’s frequency range. Fig. 4 illustrates the electric field intensity distribution from both measurement campaigns across the building’s floors. The observed behavior aligns with the methodological analysis, as floors distant from the center of the HPBW have lower electric field intensity values. The maximum peak electric field strength
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was 31.86 V/m, which was 23.95 times higher than the peak value recorded at street level. Although the overall trend complies with theoretical estimations, several floors have abnormal values compared to their position. For example, the 5th floor had a higher value than the 6th , while the 18th and 19th floors had higher values than the 17th . This behavior may be explained by the one-minute campaign’s measurements being more sensitive to changes introduced by other telecommunications services, such as adjacent Wi-Fi equipment, due to the short data gathering period. Despite the discrepancy between the floor at the center of the estimated zone of interest and the one determined by measurement, the analysis anticipated the floors with the highest values. Furthermore, these floors showed significantly higher exposure levels than those at ground level, highlighting the importance of taking measurements on floors adjacent to the floor in the center of the vertical zone of interest whenever possible. The discrepancy found may result from unpredictable factors, such as differences between the mechanical tilt angle registered in ANATEL’s platform and the angle used in the antenna installation. Another possible contributing factor is the hypothetical presence of an intrinsic electrical downtilt of the antenna model used for transmission. As noted in [16], this parameter cannot be directly determined with the data available on ANATEL’s platform [17]. Furthermore, the use of broadband measurement equipment limits the capacity to isolate contributions from each operator or radio access technologies, which could affect the interpretation of the observed disparity. V. C ONCLUSIONS This paper presented a case study assessing RF-EMF exposure across every floor of a building located in a critical RF emission scenario, due to its proximity to nearby telecommunications infrastructure operated by multiple operators.
Fig. 4: Distribution of electric field intensity on floors with the highest recorded values.
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Extending the results of [16], our unpublished results showed a significant rise in average and peak electric field intensity values as the measurement floor approached the center of the antenna’s Half-power Bandwidth (HPBW). These results emphasize the need for a methodology that considers the configuration of BS antennas when assessing modern RF-EMF exposure scenarios, while also being broadly applicable. The discrepancy between the target floor and the floor with the highest exposure levels underscores the importance of continuously updating BS parameter databases with reliable information to ensure the accuracy and time efficiency of measurements, such as those reported in this study. In future works, we plan to conduct measurements using narrowband equipment to understand the contribution of each technology to the total exposure levels in the evaluated scenarios. In addition, we intend to conduct further vertical measurements within buildings, establishing collaboration with condominium management and ANATEL to allow access to apartment interiors when needed. By establishing partnerships with network operators to obtain the exact antenna model and configuration for the evaluated sites, we aim to improve the accuracy of estimates using the methodology proposed in [16]. Based on these measurements, we intend to develop a predictive model of electromagnetic field intensity in buildings exposed to direct BS emissions, accounting for transmission frequency, antenna configuration, and the distance between the antennas and the target building. Future work will also include measurements to characterize the operational conditions under which different exposure levels are observed, relating electric field intensity to channel conditions, network configuration, and traffic load. In particular, scenarios with co-channel interference, such as dense deployments with frequency reuse, may exhibit elevated exposure levels due to simultaneous transmissions from multiple cells, even when the system operates in interference-limited regimes, highlighting a potential mismatch between measured exposure and effective communication conditions. R EFERENCES [1] R. Ramirez-Vazquez et al., “Systematic review of exposure studies to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: spot measurements and mixed methodologies,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 23, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app142311161. [2] C.-K. Chio et al., “Prediction model for radiation from base-station antennas using electromagnetic simulation,” in 2012 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, 2012, pp. 1082–1084, doi: 10.1109/APMC.2012.6421831. [3] J. Beekhuizen et al., “Modelling indoor electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phone base stations for epidemiological studies,” Environment International, vol. 67, pp. 22–26, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.008. [4] K. H. Chiang and K. W. Tam, “Electromagnetic assessment on human safety of mobile communication base stations at University of Macau,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 5, 10 2008, doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2008.1344.1347. [5] C. Goiceanu et al., “Investigation on residential exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the proximity of mobile phone base stations,” in The 40th European Microwave Conference, 2010, pp. 1449–1452, doi: 10.23919/EUMC.2010.5616237. [6] R. B. Pranas Baltrènas and S. Vasarevičius, “Research and evaluation of the intensity parameters of electromagnetic fields produced by mobile communication antennas,” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 273–284, 2012, doi: 10.3846/16486897.2012.738680.
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[7] Ç. Kurnaz et al., “Monitoring of RF/microwave field strength at schools in a pilot district in Samsun/Turkey,” in 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), 2016, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/MMS.2016.7803786. [8] ——, “Assessment of short/long term electric field strength measurements for a pilot district,” Open Physics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 69–74, 2018, doi: 10.1515/phys-2018-0013. [9] I. Lopez et al., “What is the radiation before 5G? a correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in vallecas, madrid,” Environmental Research, vol. 194, p. 110734, 09 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110734. [10] A. B. de F. Diniz, V. A. de Sousa Jr, Marcio E. C. Rodrigues, H. B. Mendonça, G. S. da Silva and F. S. R. Pinheiro, “Non-ionizing radiation analysis in close proximity to antenna tower: a case study in northeast Brazil,” Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 20, pp. 126–142, 2021, doi: 10.1590/2179-10742021v20i1833. [11] P. De Giudici et al., “People living near mobile-phone base stations in France,” Environmental Research, vol. 194, p. 110500, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110500. [12] T. Koppel et al., “Very high radiofrequency radiation at Skeppsbron in Stockholm, Sweden from mobile phone base station antennas positioned close to pedestrians’ heads,” Environmental Research, vol. 208, p. 112627, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112627. [13] F. J. Garcı́a-Cobos et al., “Personal exposimeter coupled to a drone as a system for measuring environmental electromagnetic fields,” Environmental Research, vol. 216, p. 114483, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114483. [14] B. A. Mulugeta et al., “Statistical characterization and modeling of indoor RF-EMF down-link exposure,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 7, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23073583. [15] M. I. Christopoulou et al., “5G NR launching in Greece: preliminary in situ and monitoring network measurements of electromagnetic fields exposure levels at rooftops,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 193–199, 2024, doi: 10.1002/bem.22502. [16] R. Q. de F. H. Silva et al., “A novel approach for assessments of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure in buildings near telecommunication infrastructure,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 992, p. 179853, 2025. [17] Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), “List of emissions of licensed base stations in Brazil,” https://sistemas.anatel.gov.br/ se/public/view/b/licenciamento.php, n.d., (accessed 31 March 2025). [18] Narda, “Datasheet NBM-520,” https://www.narda-sts.com/en/products/ emf-measuring-devices-and-solutions/nbm-520/, 2024, (accessed 31 March 2025). [19] ——, “Datasheet EF 0691,” https://www.narda-sts.com/en/products/ emf-measuring-devices-and-solutions/nbm-520/, 2021, (accessed 31 March 2025). [20] Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), “Act no. 17865, of December 30, 2023,” Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, 2023, (accessed 31 March 2025). [21] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), “Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz),” Health Physics, vol. 118, pp. 483–524, 2020. [22] Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), “Map of exposure to electromagnetic fields,” https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/ paineis/espectro-e-orbita/mapa-de-exposicao-a-campos-eletromagneticos, 2025, (accessed 13 January 2025). [23] International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ITU-T K.100: measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service,” https: //www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-K.100, 08 2024, (accessed 13 August 2025).
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Ricardo Q. de F. H. Silva holds a B.S. (2023) and an M.Sc. (2025) in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil. He also earned a technical degree in Electronics from the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) in 2017. Currently, he is a Ph.D. candidate and research fellow at the GppCom Research Group, where his work centers on mobile communication systems. Silva has solid experience with network simulation using the ns-3 discrete-event simulator, particularly in Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G NR scenarios. He also works on OpenRAN deployments leveraging the OpenAirInterface (OAI), open5GS, and srsRAN platforms. Additionally, he contributes to projects focused on RF-EMF exposure assessment, in collaboration with the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL).
Fred S. R. Pinheiro holds a PhD degree in Health Sciences (2017), a master’s and an undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineering (2006, 1975) from UFRN. He holds a specialization degree in Telecommunications Engineering (1996) from UFCG. As an engineer at TELERN and TELEMAR (OI) (1975 to 2002), he was responsible for deploying microwave communication and telephony systems. He was responsible for implementing and managing the communications system that supported Pope John Paul II’s visit to Natal, RN, Brazil, in 1991. He took a specialization course in Rural Telecommunications Planning at the USTTI (United States Government Telecommunications Training Institute), Washington and Los Angeles, 1993. Nowadays, Dr. Fred is a professor and researcher at UFRN.
Gutembergue S. da Silva holds a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering (2015) from UFRN and a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering (1992) from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). He also graduated in Electrical Engineering (1975) and Economics (1983) from UFRN. He also has a specialization degree in Telecommunications Engineering (1996) from the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Brazil. Between 1975 and 2002, he developed activities in planning, design, implementation, and operation of telecommunications systems as an executive at TELERN-TELEBRAS, Brazil. Nowadays, Dr. Gutembergue is a professor and researcher at UFRN, Brazil.
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Marcio E. C. Rodrigues has a BSc. degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Fluminense Federal University (UFF, Brazil, in 1997) and MSc. (in 2000) and PhD (year 2010) degrees in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) from Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio, Brazil), including one year of doctoral stay at ONERA (Toulouse/France, in 2008). In the private enterprise, he took part in projects and research in the field of radio propagation and wireless com munications, for mobile operators, ANATEL and Petrobrás, among others. Since 2011, he has been a professor at UFRN, having a research interest involving radio propagation and wireless channel modelling, besides Engineering teaching methodologies.
Halysson B. Mendonça received his MS degree in mobile communications in 2002. Since 2005, he has been working as an engineer at the National Telecommunications Agency- ANATEL (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações). He is responsible for the inspection of the technical rules of regulated companies. In 2011, Mr. Mendonça concluded a specialization course in Telecommunications Regulation at INATEL, a multidisciplinary course, including technical, legal, and other regulatory aspects.
Vicente A. de Sousa Jr. received his B.S., M.S and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in 2001, 2002 and 2009, respectively. Between 2001 and 2006, he developed solutions to UMTS/WLAN interworking for UFC and Ericsson of Brazil. Between 2006 and 2010, he contributed to WIMAX standardization and Nokia’s product as a researcher at the Institute of Technological Development (INdT). Dr. Sousa is now a professor and the head of the GppCom Research Group at UFRN. He contributed to 5G open RAN projects supported by Lenovo and to NIR measurements and is working with evaluation projects supported by ANATEL Agency.