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Enabling circularity of copper through nanoscale impurity control

Raymond Kwesi Nutor et al.
HAL (France) · Papers
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copperrecyclingsustainability
Copper (Cu) is essential to the electrification of society, yet primary Cu ores contain less than 1% metal, making mining insufficient to meet the demands of the clean energy transition. Recycling offers a viable alternative, reducing CO2 emissions by up to 65%, but conductivity losses due to scrap-
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