Yarbrough, J.W.; Schultz, T.W. Abiotic Sulfhydryl Reactivity: A Predictor of Aquatic Toxicity for Carbonyl-Containing α,β-Unsaturated Compounds. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2007, 20, 3, 558–562.

A diverse series of aliphatic alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, ketones, and aldehydes were evaluated for reactivity with the model nucleophile sulfhydryl group in the form of the cysteine residue of the tripeptide glutathione; the reactive end point (RC50) was then related to aquatic toxicity (IGC50)