Potential of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Compost and its Effect on Soil and Plant Properties: Review

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an invasive aquatic weed, poses significant environmental and economic challenges due to its rapid proliferation in water bodies. However, its high biomass production and rich organic content make it a promising raw material for composting. This study explores the potential of water hyacinth compost (WHC) as an alternative organic fertilizer and its effects on soil properties and plant growth. The composting process enhances nutrient availability, improving soil fertility by increasing organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and microbial activity. WHC has been found to enhance soil aeration, water-holding capacity, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), leading to improved crop productivity. Additionally, it contributes to sustainable weed management by converting an invasive species into a valuable agricultural input. However, challenges such as high moisture content, heavy metal accumulation, and proper composting techniques must be addressed for effective utilization. The study highlights the need for further research on optimizing water hyacinth composting methods and integrating it into sustainable farming practices. By converting this noxious weed into a beneficial soil amendment, water hyacinth composting presents a dual solution—environmental management and agricultural enhancement. The findings suggest that water Hyacinth Compost can be a viable organic alternative to synthetic fertilizers, promoting eco-friendly and cost-effective farming practices.