Effectiveness of posterior structures in the development of proximal junctional kyphosis following posterior instrumentation: a biomechanical study in a sheep spine model

Introduction: proximal junctional kyphosis – PJK has been defined by a 10 or greater increase in kyphosis at the proximal junction as measured by the Cobb angle from the caudal endplate of the uppermost instrumented vertebrae (UIV) to the cephalad endplate of the vertebrae 1 segments cranial to the