Effect of Chokeberry Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Gut Integrity in Swimmers.

This study included 8 weeks of supplementation of black chokeberry extract with 18% standardization of the anthocyanins content (dose 2×200 mg per day) or a placebo product made from chokeberry fiber. The first research data was collected among twenty-four homogeneous female swimmers who trained intensively and attended the Sports Championship School Complex. The second research data was collected among a group of twenty-two selective and homogeneous female swimmers who attended the Sports Championship School Complex extensively. In this study, the athletes were subjected to intensive swimming tests in breaststroke crawl (800m + 200m + 50m) with 15 minutes of active rest between test sections in the water. Blood samples were taken from the cubital vein at three time points: before stress test (pre-exercise), one minute after the end of the test (post-exercise), and after a 3-hour recovery period (3h recovery). Measurements of morphology, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-isoprostane, cortysol, Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), claudin3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and levels were determined using ELISA kits (SunRed Biotechnology Company).