Fusing Perceptual Vision Experts with Multimodal Large Language Models for Explainable Plant Disease Diagnosis: From Benchmark Imagery to Real-World Robotic Field Validation

Accurate field plant disease diagnosis requires reliable fusion of uncertain and conflicting perceptual evidence. We present the Hybrid Hierarchical Multi-Agent Framework (H$^{2}$MAF), combining decision-level fusion of EfficientNet-B3 and ConvNeXt-Tiny with semantic arbitration by open-weight multi