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ENDS-Motivational and Affective Picture System (E-MAPS): Development and validation of a contextualized vaping image database

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experimental-design-and-sample-surveyshealth-psychologyhealth-related-behaviorquantitative-methodssocial-and-behavioral-sciencessubstance-abuse-and-addiction
Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is reinforced by motivational and affective contexts associated with repeated ENDS use. Yet, there are currently no standardized, validated ENDS-related image cues that differentiate among motivational contexts. This study aimed to develop a
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