Universal Entanglement Dynamics of Unitary Operators

The entangling power of a unitary operator acting on a bipartite Hilbert space measures the entanglement it generates from product states, averaged over the inputs. A finite-dimensional unitary has a spectral decomposition $U=\sum_{a=1}^{n}e^{iθ_a}P_a$, where $e^{iθ_a}$ are the eigenvalues, $P_a$ th