Interleukin-34 in Stage I and II Periodontitis

Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is the second active component of (colony-stimulating factor receptor) CSF-1R. With regards to periodontal disease, It is debatable whether IL-34 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine (as seen in rheumatic arthritis and Sjogren syndrome) or an anti-inflammatory cytokine( as seen in Alzheimer's disease) so further studies could be conducted to better understand whether IL-34 is a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and to evaluate the change of its levels in Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with periodontal disease after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).