Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Anesthesiologist Predictions of Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Admission Using Preoperative Clinical Data

Accurate prediction of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement is essential for patient safety and efficient use of limited ICU resources. In routine clinical practice, decisions regarding postoperative ICU admission are primarily based on anesthesiologists' preoperative clinical judgment, which may vary among clinicians. This prospective, observational study aims to evaluate the agreement between predictions made by ChatGPT-5(Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and anesthesiologists regarding postoperative ICU requirement using routinely collected preoperative patient data, and to compare these predictions with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes. The study does not involve any intervention, treatment modification, or additional procedures beyond standard clinical care. All patient data are anonymized, and clinical management is not influenced by the model's predictions