Periodic Limb Movements Among Dialysis and Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Periodic leg movement disorder is defined as periodic episodes of repetitive limb movements during sleep that mainly occur in the lower limb, including the hips, knees and toes and sometimes affects the upper limb. It may be accompanied by frequent nocturnal arousals, and if so, this sleep disturbance may cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Chronic kidney disease patients are at risk of periodic leg movements and common causes are iron deficiency, anemia, raised serum calcium and central and peripheral nervous system disorders.