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$T^5$: Twin-Critic Training for Token-Level Thoughts in Reinforcement Mid-Training

Qiao, Nan et al.
arXiv (All) · Papers
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artificial-intelligence
Reinforcement mid-training lets language models learn internal thoughts from unlabeled text, but efficient token-level credit assignment remains challenging. Existing group-relative methods require costly repeated generation. Learned critics offer single-rollout feedback, but accurate return predict
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