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Five More Items Matter: Comparing Structural Validity, Response Bias, and Nomological Networks in 10- and 15-Item Big Five Measures Across Nations

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measurement-invarianceresponse-bias
Ultra-short Big Five measures are widely used to reduce respondent burden while retaining acceptable measurement quality. Yet when personality domains are represented by only two or three items, it remains unclear whether modestly greater item coverage translates into better measurement performance
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