Sacredness of Life vs. Quality of Life: A Utilitarian and Religious Approach

This paper explores the ethical tension between the sanctity of life doctrine and the quality of life perspective, particularly in the context of abortion and euthanasia. As it draws on utilitarian ethics, it challenges the absolutist nature of the sanctity of life principle by emphasizing autonomy, well-being and the reduction of suffering. While the sanctity of life is deeply rooted in religious traditions, especially within Islamic bioethics, it is shown to be more context-sensitive than often assumed, particularly through concepts like ensoulment and the principle of necessity (darura). Utilitarianism, though often presented as incompatible with religious ethics, is examined here as a rival framework as well as a potential bridge that can accommodate certain religious concerns through case-sensitive reasoning. The paper argues that, rather than being irreconcilable, both approaches share a fundamental concern with minimizing harm and preserving moral dignity. This convergence opens the door to inclusive approaches to medical and social ethics.