Apparatus and method for data communication based on intelligent reflecting … — Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd (US12634712B2)

ABSTRACT

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or a 6th generation (6G) communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate after a 4th generation (4G) communication system such as LTE. An operating method of a BS in a wireless communication system includes broadcasting a power signal of an IRS, broadcasting an SSB, and requesting receive beam reporting from a control unit of the IRS.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0128339, which was filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Sep. 28, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The disclosure relates generally to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for data communication based on an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in the wireless communication system.

2. Description of Related Art

Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services.

Following the commercialization of 5 th generation (5G) communication systems, however, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these devices will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected devices may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment.

Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality (AR) glasses, virtual reality (VR) headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things, e.g., using Internet of things (IoT), in a 6 th generation (6G) era, there are ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. 6G communication systems may also be referred to as beyond-5G systems.

6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bit per second (bps) and a radio latency less than 100 μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1/10 radio latency thereof.

In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been proposed to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz (THz) band (e.g., 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the THz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (i.e., coverage) will become more crucial. As such, it is important to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there have been ongoing discussions on technologies for improving a coverage of THz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

In order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems:

a full-duplex technology for allowing an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), etc., in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations (BSs) and the like and allowing network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; a use of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improving overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of a user equipment (UE) computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as mobile edge computing (MEC), clouds, etc.) over the network.

In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) and machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

As the number of smart phones and IoT devices and their required data amount rapidly increase, an IRS based communication is drawing great attention for improving network capacity. The IRS is a meta surface including hundreds or thousands of low-power reflecting elements, which may improve a signal quality of a terminal in a dead zone and coverage area by adding a new path (e.g., BS-IRS-terminal) of a high path gain to an existing path (e.g., BS-terminal).

SUMMARY

The disclosure has been made to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below.

An aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for data communication based on an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for a BS to initially accessing an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating an angle between a BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for a terminal to initially accessing a BS based on an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating an angle between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating path gains between an IRS and a terminal, and between a BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a deep learning-based phase shift control (D-PSC) architecture for maximizing a data rate based on deep learning.

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a method performed a BS in a wireless communication system includes broadcasting a power signal of an IRS, broadcasting a synchronization signal block (SSB), and requesting receive beam reporting from a control unit of the IRS.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method of an IRS in a wireless communication system includes turning on every reflecting element of the IRS in response to a power signal of the IRS received from a BS, obtaining cell information and performing synchronization in response to an SSB received from the BS, transmitting an SSB beam index to the BS, and transmitting a receive beam index to the BS in response to a receive beam reporting request from the BS.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method of a UE in a wireless communication system includes, if not receiving an SSB from a BS, transmitting an initial access request signal to an IRS, obtaining cell information and performing synchronization based on a BS SSB beam reflected by the IRS, and transmitting an SSB beam index to the BS.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a BS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 illustrates an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 A illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 B illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 C illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating data communication using an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates data communication using an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS in initial access between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS in initial access between a BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS and an IRS for initial access between the BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of a BS for estimating an angle between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of a BS for estimating an angle between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for initial access of the terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for initial access of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for initial access of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for initial access of the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 17 illustrates angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for angle estimation between an IRS and the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for angle estimation between the IRS and the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 22 illustrates a slot configuration diagram for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for estimating a path gain between an IRS and a terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and the BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for estimating a path gain between the IRS and a terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for estimating a path gain between an IRS and the terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for path gain estimation between the IRS and the terminal and path gain estimation between the IRS and the BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 27 illustrates a slot configuration diagram for path gain estimation between an IRS and a terminal and path gain estimation between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a graph illustrating channel estimation experiment data, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 29 illustrates D-PSC network architecture, according to an embodiment;

FIG. <b

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0128339, which was filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Sep. 28, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The disclosure relates generally to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for data communication based on an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in the wireless communication system.

2. Description of Related Art

Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services.

Following the commercialization of 5 th generation (5G) communication systems, however, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these devices will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected devices may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment.

Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality (AR) glasses, virtual reality (VR) headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things, e.g., using Internet of things (IoT), in a 6 th generation (6G) era, there are ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. 6G communication systems may also be referred to as beyond-5G systems.

6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bit per second (bps) and a radio latency less than 100 μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1/10 radio latency thereof.

In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been proposed to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz (THz) band (e.g., 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the THz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (i.e., coverage) will become more crucial. As such, it is important to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there have been ongoing discussions on technologies for improving a coverage of THz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

In order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems:

a full-duplex technology for allowing an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), etc., in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations (BSs) and the like and allowing network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; a use of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improving overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of a user equipment (UE) computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as mobile edge computing (MEC), clouds, etc.) over the network.

In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) and machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

As the number of smart phones and IoT devices and their required data amount rapidly increase, an IRS based communication is drawing great attention for improving network capacity. The IRS is a meta surface including hundreds or thousands of low-power reflecting elements, which may improve a signal quality of a terminal in a dead zone and coverage area by adding a new path (e.g., BS-IRS-terminal) of a high path gain to an existing path (e.g., BS-terminal).

SUMMARY

The disclosure has been made to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below.

An aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for data communication based on an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for a BS to initially accessing an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating an angle between a BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for a terminal to initially accessing a BS based on an IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating an angle between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a method for estimating path gains between an IRS and a terminal, and between a BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a deep learning-based phase shift control (D-PSC) architecture for maximizing a data rate based on deep learning.

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a method performed a BS in a wireless communication system includes broadcasting a power signal of an IRS, broadcasting a synchronization signal block (SSB), and requesting receive beam reporting from a control unit of the IRS.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method of an IRS in a wireless communication system includes turning on every reflecting element of the IRS in response to a power signal of the IRS received from a BS, obtaining cell information and performing synchronization in response to an SSB received from the BS, transmitting an SSB beam index to the BS, and transmitting a receive beam index to the BS in response to a receive beam reporting request from the BS.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method of a UE in a wireless communication system includes, if not receiving an SSB from a BS, transmitting an initial access request signal to an IRS, obtaining cell information and performing synchronization based on a BS SSB beam reflected by the IRS, and transmitting an SSB beam index to the BS.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a BS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 illustrates an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 A illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 B illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 C illustrates a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating data communication using an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates data communication using an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS in initial access between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS in initial access between a BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS and an IRS for initial access between the BS and the IRS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of a BS for estimating an angle between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of a BS for estimating an angle between the BS and an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for initial access of the terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for initial access of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for initial access of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for initial access of the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 17 illustrates angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for angle estimation between an IRS and the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for angle estimation between the IRS and the terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 22 illustrates a slot configuration diagram for angle estimation between an IRS and a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a BS for estimating a path gain between an IRS and a terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and the BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of an IRS for estimating a path gain between the IRS and a terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a terminal for estimating a path gain between an IRS and the terminal and estimating a path gain between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signal exchange between a BS, an IRS, or a terminal for path gain estimation between the IRS and the terminal and path gain estimation between the IRS and the BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 27 illustrates a slot configuration diagram for path gain estimation between an IRS and a terminal and path gain estimation between the IRS and a BS in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a graph illustrating channel estimation experiment data, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 29 illustrates D-PSC network architecture, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 30 A is a graph illustrating data rate experiment data, according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 30 B is a graph illustrating data rate experiment data, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, various embodiments will be described in detail with reference to attached drawings. In the disclosure, embodiments are described in the drawings and a related detailed description is set forth, but this is not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure. Descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for the sake of clarity and conciseness.

Terms used in the disclosure are used for describing particular embodiments, and may not intend to limit the scope of other embodiments. A singular expression may include a plural expression, unless they are definitely different in a context. All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, may have the same meaning as those commonly understood by a person skilled in the art of the disclosure. Terms defined in a generally used dictionary among the terms used in the disclosure may be interpreted to have the meanings equal or similar to the contextual meanings in the relevant field of art, and are not to be interpreted to have ideal or excessively formal meanings unless clearly defined in the disclosure. In some cases, even the term defined in the disclosure should not be interpreted to exclude embodiments of the disclosure.

Embodiments of the disclosure to be described explain a hardware approach by way of example. However, since the embodiments of the disclosure include a technology using both hardware and software, embodiments of the disclosure do not exclude a software based approach.

Hereinafter, the disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for data communication based on an IRS in a wireless communication system. Specifically, an apparatus and a method are provided for a BS to initially access an IRS in the wireless communication system, an apparatus and a method are provided for estimating an angle between the BS and the IRS, an apparatus and a method are provided for a UE to initially access the BS based on the IRS, an apparatus and a method are provided for estimating an angle between the IRS and the UE, and an apparatus and a method are provided for estimating path gains between the IRS and the UE, and between the BS and the IRS.

In the following descriptions, terms indicating signals, terms indicating channels, terms indicating control information, terms indicating network entities, terms indicating components of a device, etc., are illustrated for the convenience of description. Accordingly, the disclosure is not limited to terms to be described, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may be used.

In addition, although embodiments are described herein using terms as set forth in a communication standard (e.g., 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP)), the embodiments of the disclosure may be easily modified and applied to other communication system.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the wireless communication system includes a BS 110 , a UE 120 , an IRS 130 , and an obstacle 150 . Although FIG. 1 illustrates only one BS, additional BSs, which are the same as or similar to the BS 110 may be further included.

The BS 110 is a network infrastructure that provides radio access to the UE 120 and the IRS 130 . The BS 110 has coverage defined as a specific geographic region based on a signal transmission distance. The BS 110 may also be referred to as an access point (AP), an eNodeB (eNB), a 5G node, a wireless point, a transmission/reception point (TRP), or other term having a technically identical meaning.

The UE 120 is a device is used by a user, and communicates with the BS 110 over a radio channel. In some cases, the UE 120 may be operated without user&#39;s involvement. For example, the UE 120 may be a device that performs machine type communication (MTC), and is not carried by the user. The UE 120 may also be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a remote terminal, a wireless terminal, a user device, or other term having a technically identical meaning.

The BS 110 , the UE 120 , and the IRS 130 may transmit and receive radio signals in a millimeter wave (mmWave) band (e.g., 28 GHz, 30 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz). To improve channel gain, the BS 110 , the UE 120 , and the IRS 130 may perform beamforming. The beamforming may include transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. That is, the BS 110 , the UE 120 , and the IRS 130 may give directivity to a transmit signal or a receive signal. The BS 110 , the UE 120 and the IRS 130 may select serving beams 112 , 113 , 121 , and 131 through a beam search or beam management. After the serving beams 112 , 113 , 121 , and 131 are selected, communications may be performed through resources that are quasi co-located (QCL) with resources transmitting the serving beams 112 , 113 , 121 , and 131 .

If large-scale characteristics of a channel carrying a symbol on a first antenna port may be inferred from a channel carrying a symbol on a second antenna port, the first antenna port and the second antenna port may be estimated to be QCL. For example, the large-scale characteristics may include at least one of delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and spatial receiver parameter.

The obstacle 150 may collectively indicate various elements (e.g., geographic features) interrupting with the communication.

FIG. 2 illustrates a BS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. For example, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 may be understood as the configuration of the BS 110 . A term such as ‘˜ unit’ or ‘˜er’ used hereafter indicates a unit for processing at least one function or operation, and may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the BS includes a communication unit 210 , a backhaul communication unit 220 , a storage unit 230 , and a control unit 240 .

The wireless communication unit 210 performs functions for transmitting and receiving a signal over a radio channel. For example, the wireless communication unit 210 performs a conversion function between a baseband signal and a bit string according to a physical layer standard of the system. In data transmission, the wireless communication unit 210 may generate complex symbols by encoding and modulating a transmit bit string. In data reception, the wireless communication unit 210 may restore a receive bit string by demodulating and decoding a baseband signal.

The wireless communication unit 210 up-converts the baseband signal into an RF band signal, transmits it via an antenna, and down-converts an RF band signal received via an antenna into a baseband signal. The wireless communication unit 210 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a digital to analog convertor (DAC), an analog to digital convertor (ADC), etc. In addition, the wireless communication unit 210 may include a plurality of transmit and receive paths. Further, the wireless communication unit 210 may include at least one antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements.

In terms of hardware, the wireless communication unit 210 may include a digital unit and an analog unit, and the analog unit may include a plurality of sub-units according to an operating power, an operating frequency, etc. The digital unit may be implemented with at least one processor (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)).

The wireless communication unit 210 transmits and receives the signal as stated above. Hence, all or part of the wireless communication unit 210 may be referred to as ‘a transmitter’, ‘a receiver’, or ‘a transceiver’. Also, in the following explanations, the transmission and the reception over the radio channel embraces the above-described processing of the wireless communication unit 210 .

The backhaul communication unit 220 provides an interface for communicating with other nodes in the network. That is, the backhaul communication unit 220 converts a bit string transmitted from the BS to another node, e.g., another access node, another BS, an upper node, or a core network, into a physical signal, and converts a physical signal received from the other node into a bit string.

The storage unit 230 stores a basic program for operating the BS, an application program, and data such as setting information. The storage unit 230 may include a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or a combination of a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The storage unit 230 provides the stored data at a request of the control unit 240 .

The control unit 240 controls general operations of the BS. For example, the control unit 240 transmits and receives the signal through the wireless communication unit 210 or the backhaul communication unit 220 . Also, the control unit 240 records and reads data in and from the storage unit 230 . The control unit 240 may execute functions of a protocol stack requested by a communication standard. Alternatively, the protocol stack may be included in the wireless communication unit 210 .

The control unit 240 may include at least one processor. The control unit 240 may be, as instruction sets or codes stored in the storage unit 230 , instructions/codes at least temporarily residing in the control unit 230 or a storage space storing instructions/codes, or may be a part of circuitry constituting the control unit 230 .

The control unit 240 may control the BS to carry out operations according to various embodiments as described below.

FIG. 3 illustrates a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as the configuration of the UE 120 .

Referring to FIG. 3 , the UE includes a communication unit 310 , a storage unit 320 , and a control unit 330 .

The communication unit 310 performs functions for transmitting and receiving a signal over a radio channel. For example, the communication unit 310 performs a conversion function between a baseband signal and a bit string according to the physical layer standard of the system. For example, in data transmission, the communication unit 310 generates complex symbols by encoding and modulating a transmit bit string. Also, in data reception, the communication unit 310 restores a receive bit string by demodulating and decoding a baseband signal. Also, the communication unit 310 up-converts the baseband signal into an RF band signal, transmits it via an antenna, and down-converts an RF band signal received via the antenna into a baseband signal. For example, the communication unit 310 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, an ADC, etc.

The communication unit 310 may include a plurality of transmit and receive paths. Further, the communication unit 310 may include at least one antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements. In terms of hardware, the communication unit 310 may include a digital circuit and an analog circuit (e.g., an RF integrated circuit (RFIC)). Herein, the digital circuit and the analog circuit may be implemented as a single package. Also, the communication unit 310 may include a plurality of RF chains. Further, the communication unit 310 may perform the beamforming.

The communication unit 310 may include different communication modules to process signals of different frequency bands. Further, the communication unit 310 may include a plurality of communication modules to support a plurality of radio access technologies. For example, the different radio access technologies may include Bluetooth low energy (BLE), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), WiFi Gigabyte (WiGig), a cellular network (e.g., long term evolution (LTE)), etc. In addition, the different frequency bands may include a super high frequency (SHF) (e.g., 2.5 GHz, 5 Ghz) band, and the mmWave (e.g., 60 GHz) band.

The communication unit 310 transmits and receives the signals as described above. Hence, all or part of the communication unit 310 may be referred to as ‘a transmitter’, ‘a receiver’, or ‘a transceiver’. In addition, the transmission and the reception over the radio channel embraces the above-described processing of the communication unit 310 in the following explanations.

The storage unit 320 stores a basic program for operating the UE, an application program, and data such as setting information. The storage unit 320 may include a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or a combination of a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The storage unit 320 provides the stored data at a request of the control unit 330 .

The control unit 330 controls general operations of the UE. For example, the control unit 330 transmits and receives the signal through the communication unit 310 . The control unit 330 records and reads data in and from the storage unit 320 . The control unit 330 may execute functions of the protocol stack required by the communication standard. The control unit 330 may include at least one processor or microprocessor, or may be part of a processor.

In addition, part of the communication unit 310 and the control unit 330 may be referred to as a communication processor. According to embodiments, the control unit 330 may be, as instruction sets or codes stored in the storage unit 320 , instructions/codes at least temporarily residing in the control unit 330 or a storage space storing instructions/codes, or may be a part of circuitry constituting the control unit 330 .

The control unit 330 may control the UE to carry out operations according to various embodiments as described below.

FIG. 4 illustrates an IRS in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 4 may be understood as the configuration of the IRS 130 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , the IRS includes a communication unit 410 , a control unit 430 , and a reflecting element unit 450 .

The communication unit 410 performs functions for transmitting and receiving a signal over a radio channel. For example, the communication unit 410 performs a conversion function between a baseband signal and a bit string according to the physical layer standard of the system. In data transmission, the communication unit 410 generates complex symbols by encoding and modulating a transmit bit string. In data reception, the communication unit 410 restores a receive bit string by demodulating and decoding a baseband signal. Also, the communication unit 410 up-converts the baseband signal into an RF band signal, transmits it via an antenna, and down-converts an RF band signal received via the antenna to a baseband signal. For example, the communication unit 410 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, an ADC, etc.

The communication unit 410 may include a plurality of transmit and receive paths. The communication unit 410 may include at least one antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements. In terms of hardware, the communication unit 410 may include a digital circuit and an analog circuit (e.g., an RFIC). Herein, the digital circuit and the analog circuit may be implemented as a single package. Also, the communication unit 410 may include a plurality of RF chains. Further, the communication unit 310 may perform the beamforming.

The communication unit 410 may include different communication modules to process signals of different frequency bands. Further, the communication unit 410 may include a plurality of communication modules to support a plurality of radio access technologies. For example, the different radio access technologies may include BLE, Wi-Fi, WiGig, a cellular network (e.g., LTE), etc. In addition, the different frequency bands may include the SHF (e.g., 2.5 GHz, 5 Ghz) band, and the mmWave (e.g., 60 GHz) band.

The communication unit 410 transmits and receives the signals as described above. Hence, all or part of the communication unit 410 may be referred to as ‘a transmitter’, ‘a receiver’, or ‘a transceiver’. In addition, the transmission and the reception over the radio channel embraces the above-described processing of the communication unit 410 in the following explanations.

The control unit 430 controls general operations of the IRS 430 . For example, the control unit 430 transmits and receives the signal through the communication unit 410 . The control unit 430 may execute functions of the protocol stack required by the communication standard. The control unit 430 may include at least one processor or microprocessor, or may be part of a processor. In addition, part of the communication unit 410 and the control unit 430 may be referred to as a communication processor.

The control unit 430 may be connected to the IRS 430 by wire or by radio.

The control unit 430 may control the IRS to carry out operations according to embodiments to be described.

The reflecting element unit 450 may indicate a set of a plurality of reflecting elements, which constitutes the IRS 130 . Each reflecting element of the reflecting element unit 450 may be controlled by the control unit 430 . That is, each reflecting element may reflect an incident signal with a signal having intended phase shift by the control unit 430 . Thus, by reflecting the incident signal with the intended phase, the reflecting element unit 450 may modify the radio channel and considerably improve a capacity of the communication system.

FIGS. 5 A, 5 B, and 5 C illustrate a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. For example, FIGS. 5 A, 5 B, and 5 C illustrate examples of a configuration of the wireless communication unit 210 of FIG. 2 , the communication unit 310 of FIG. 3 , or the communication unit 410 of FIG. 4 . As such, FIGS. 5 A, 5 B, and 5 C illustrate components for performing beamforming, as a part of the wireless communication unit 210 of FIG. 2 , the communication unit 310 of FIG. 3 , or the communication unit 410 of FIG. 4 .

Referring to FIG. 5 A , the communication unit includes an encoder and modulator 502 , a digital beamformer 504 , a plurality of transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N, and an analog beamformer 508 .

The encoder and modulator 502 performs channel encoding. For the channel encoding, at least one of a low density parity check (LDPC) code, convolution code, or polar code may be used. The encoder and modulator 502 generates modulation symbols by performing constellation mapping.

The digital beamformer 504 beamforms a digital signal (e.g., the modulation symbols). The digital beamformer 504 multiplies the modulation symbols by beamforming weights. Herein, the beamforming weights may be used to change amplitude and phase of the signal, and may be referred to as a ‘precoding matrix’, a ‘precoder’, etc.

The digital beamformer 504 outputs the digital-beamformed modulation symbols to the plurality of the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N. In so doing, according to a MIMO transmission scheme, the modulation symbols may be multiplexed, or the same modulation symbols may be provided to the plurality of the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N.

The transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N convert the digital-beamformed digital signals into analog signals. Each of the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operator, a cyclic prefix (CP) adder, a DAC, and an up-converter. The CP adder is for an OFDM scheme, and may be excluded if other physical layer scheme (e.g., filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC)) is applied. That is, the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N provide independent signal processes for a plurality of streams generated through the digital beamforming. Depending on the implementation, some of the components of the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N may be used in common.

The analog beamformer 508 beamforms the analog signals. The digital beamformer 504 multiplies the analog signals by the beamforming weights. Herein, the beamforming weights are used to change the amplitude and the phase of the signal. Specifically, the analog beamformer 508 may be configured variously, according to a connection structure between the transmit paths 506 - 1 through 506 -N and antennas.

Referring to FIG. 5 B , signals input to the analog beamformer 508 are converted in phase/amplitude, amplified, and transmitted via the antennas. The signal of each path is transmitted via different antenna sets, i.e., antenna arrays. A signal input in a first path is converted by phase/amplitude converters 512 - 1 - 1 through 512 - 1 -M into a signal string having different or identical phase/amplitude, amplified by the amplifiers 514 - 1 - 1 through 514 - 1 -M, and then transmitted via the antennas.

Referring to FIG. 5 C , signals input to the analog beamformer 508 are converted in phase/amplitude, amplified, and transmitted via antennas. The signal of each path is transmitted via the same antenna set, i.e., the same antenna array. The signal input in the first path is converted by the phase/magnitude converters 512 - 1 - 1 through 512 - 1 -M to the signal string having different or identical phase/amplitude, and amplified by the amplifiers 514 - 1 - 1 through 514 - 1 -M. To transmit via a single antenna array, the amplified signals are summed by adders 516 - 1 - 1 through 516 - 1 -M based on the antenna element, and then transmitted via the antennas.

FIG. 5 B illustrates the example of using the independent antenna array per transmit path, and FIG. 5 C illustrates the example in which the transmit paths share the single antenna array. However, according to another embodiment, some transmit paths may use the independent antenna array, and the remaining transmit paths may share one antenna array. According to yet another embodiment, by applying a switchable structure between the transmit paths and the antenna arrays, a structure which adaptively changes according to a situation may be used.

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, signaling methods are provided for initial access, channel estimation, and data communication based on the IRS 130 .

Recently, with rapid increase in the number of smart phones and IoT devices and data demands, IRS based communication is attracting great attention as a way for improving a network capacity. The IRS 130 is a meta surface including hundreds or thousands of low-power reflecting elements, and may significantly improve signal quality of a UE in a dead zone and coverage area by adding a new path (e.g., BS-IRS-UE) of a high path gain to an existing path (e.g., BS-UE).

More specifically, the BS 110 may transmit a reflection coefficient of the reflecting element to the IRS via a BS-IRS radio link, and the control unit 430 of the IRS 130 may adjust the reflection coefficient of the reflecting element based on the received reflection coefficient. Hence, the IRS 130 may change a reflection pattern of the incident signal and thus considerably improve the signal quality by mitigating interference with the UE 120 and concurrently increasing a received signal strength.

The IRS channel information may be estimated in order to obtain the IRS reflection coefficient for maximizing the network capacity. Provided that the numbers of antennas of the UE 120 and the BS 110 are M and l respectively and the number of the reflection elements of the IRS is N, the IRS based network includes a direct channel h d ∈

M between the BS 110 and the UE 120 , a channel G∈

M×N between the BS 110 and the IRS 130 , and a channel h r ∈

N between the IRS 130 and the UE 120 .

An effective channel {tilde over (h)} between the BS 110 and the UE 120 may be expressed as shown in Equation (1).

h

˜

=

G

⁢

diag

(

(

ϕ

)

⁢

h

r

=

h

d

+

H

⁢

ϕ

(

1

)

In Equation (1), φ∈

N denotes a reflection coefficient vector of the IRS, and H=Gdiag(h r ) denotes a combined channel between the BS 110 , the IRS 130 and the UE 120 . That is, the direct channel h d and the combined channel H are obtained through the channel estimation in order to acquire the reflection coefficient vector φ which maximizes the network capacity.

Herein, the combined channel H may be decomposed to a multipath function using sparsity of the mmWave. The combined channel H includes the channel G between the BS 110 and the IRS 130 and the channel h r between the IRS 130 and the UE 120 , the BS 110 and the IRS 130 are installed at positions with line of sight (LoS) and accordingly the LoS component is dominant in G, whereas LoS and non-LoS components coexist in h r . Thus, the channel G between the BS 110 and the IRS 130 in the mmWave may be expressed as shown in Equation (2).

G

=

γ

⁢

a

B

(

θ

)

⁢

a

I

H

(

φ

)

(

2

)

In Equation (2), γ denotes a path gain, and θ, φ, α B (θ)=[1, e j2πd

B

/λ sinθ , . . . , e j(M−1)2πd

B

/λ sinθ ] T , and α l (φ)=[1, e j2πd

l

/λ sinθ , . . . , e j(N−1)2πdl/λ sinθ ] T denote an angle of departure (AoD), an angle of arrival (AoA), a BS direction vector, and an IRS direction vector between the BS 110 and the IRS 130 , respectively. d B and d l denote BS and IRS antenna spacings, and A denotes a propagation signal wavelength.

In addition, the channel h r between the IRS 130 and the UE 120 may be expressed as shown in Equation (3).

h

r

=

α

⁢

a

I

(

Ψ

)

(

3

)

In Equation (3), Ψ is an AoD between the BS 110 and the UE 120 , a is a path gain of the multipath, and a l is a directional vector. The combined channel H may be expressed as a multipath function of Equation (4) using an mmWave channel model.

H

=

G

⁢

diag

⁢

(

h

r

)

=

α

⁢

y

CLAIMS

Claims ( 12 )

What is claimed is:

1 . A method performed by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:

broadcasting a power signal of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS); broadcasting a synchronization signal block (SSB); transmitting, to a control unit of the IRS, a request for reporting a receive beam; transmitting, to the IRS, an IRS reflecting element OFF mode switch signal; receiving, from the user equipment (UE), a first sounding reference signal (SRS); estimating a direct channel between the BS and the UE based on the first SRS; transmitting, to the IRS, an IRS reflecting element ON mode switch signal; transmitting, to the IRS, a beam tracking control signal for estimating an IRS channel; receiving, from the UE, a second SRS; and estimating angle information between the IRS and the UE based on the second SRS.

2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting an IRS control code word for initial access to the IRS.

3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining an angle of departure (AoD) between the BS and the IRS based on beam index information of the SSB.

4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining an angle of arrival (AoA) between the BS and the IRS based on index information of the receive beam.

5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

if the BS and the IRS are directly connected, directly receiving location information from the IRS; and obtaining an angle of departure (AoD) θ and an angle of arrival (AoA) φ between the BS and the IRS based on the location information.

6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

estimating a combined channel based on the second SRS; transmitting, to the IRS, a beam control signal for data communication; and transmitting, to the UE, downlink data.

7 . A base station (BS), comprising:

at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; and at least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the base station to:

broadcast a power signal of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS),

broadcast a synchronization signal block (SSB),

transmit, to a control unit of the IRS, a request for reporting a receive beam,

transmit, to the IRS, an IRS reflecting element OFF mode switch signal,

receive, from the user equipment (UE), a first sounding reference signal (SRS),

estimate a direct channel between the BS and the UE based on the first SRS,

transmit, to the IRS, an IRS reflecting element ON mode switch signal,

transmit, to the IRS, a beam tracking control signal for estimating an IRS channel,

receive, from the UE, a second SRS, and

estimate angle information between the IRS and the UE based on the second SRS.

8 . The BS of claim 7 , wherein the instructions further cause the BS to transmit an IRS control code word for initial access to the IRS.

9 . The BS of claim 8 , wherein the instructions further cause the BS to obtain an angle of departure (AoD) between the BS and the IRS based on beam index information of the SSB.

10 . The BS of claim 8 , wherein the instructions further cause the BS to obtain an angle of arrival (AoA) between the BS and the IRS based on index information of the receive beam.

11 . The BS of claim 8 , wherein the instructions further cause the BS to:

if the BS and the IRS are directly connected, directly receive location information from the IRS, and obtain an angle of departure (AoD) θ and an angle of arrival (AoA) φ between the BS and the IRS based on the location information.

12 . The BS of claim 8 , wherein the instructions further cause the BS to:

estimate a combined channel based on the second SRS, transmit, to the IRS, a beam control signal for data communication, and transmit, to the UE, downlink data.

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