Observational Retrospective Study on Spinal Analgesia in Laparoscopic and Laparotomic Hysterectomy

Perioperative multimodal analgesia, defined by the use of various analgesic medications targeting different drug receptors, provides adequate pain relief with minimal or no opiate consumption. Therefore, it represents one of the cornerstone of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, as the reduction in opioid use and the associated side effects may eventually reduce length of hospital stay, increase patient satisfaction and minimise the risk of long-term opioid use. Regional and neuraxial anesthesia techniques are key interventions to provide successful analgesia in the context of a multimodal strategy. Intrathecal morphine, for its effectiveness and potential of reducing the need of intravenous postoperative opioids, seems an attractive option in the case of hysterectomy, one of the most common major surgical procedures performed in women, associated with severe postoperative pain even when performed laparoscopically. The aim of our observational retrospective study is therefore to compare the analgesic efficacy and the safety of morphine administered by intrathecal route versus intravenous route during the first 48 hours after performance of laparoscopic/laparotomic hysterectomy.