Study on the Relationship Between Peripheral Blood miRNA and Risk and Severity of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease, AD is a type of neurofibrillary tangles formed by the deposition of beta amyloid proteins within the nervous system cells and excessive phosphorylation of extracellular Tau proteins, NFTs are the main pathological features of central nervous system degeneration, also known as senile dementia. In addition, synaptic plasticity damage and neuroinflammation also play important roles in the progression of AD. Neurosynapses are the sites where neurons interact with each other in terms of function, and are also crucial for neuronal information transmission and communication. Synapses are the fundamental units in the brain, and synaptic activity can stimulate the maturation of mushroom like dendritic spines and form new synapses, enabling synaptic strength to adapt to changes in the internal and external environment, thereby playing an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that synaptic activity interruption and synaptic loss can already be detected in the AD brain, especially in the early stages. Multiple studies have shown a higher correlation between synaptic disorders characterized by synaptic loss and decreased synaptic activity and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease compared to age-related plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, understanding the potential mechanisms of synaptic disorders will contribute to the development of early treatment strategies for AD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non coding RNA with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides. Their main function is to silence target genes at the post transcriptional level and inhibit the translation process of their proteins. MiRNAs are involved in many physiological processes and pathological pathways, including development, tumorigenesis, and heart disease. Recently, people have also studied the abnormal regulatory role of miRNAs in AD synaptic disorders. Some miRNAs enriched in the brain, such as miR-124, MiR-132 is abnormally expre