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What Predicts Reading and Spelling in English as a Foreign Language? Cognitive and Linguistic Evidence from Young Learners in Germany
This longitudinal study examined which cognitive and linguistic skills predict English as a foreign language (EFL) reading and spelling skills among elementary school children in Germany. A total of 107 learners (Mage = 10.52, SD = 0.64) were assessed at the beginning of Grade 3 on nonverbal intelli
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