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Possibility Laundering in Apologetic Argument: From Apparent Impossibility to Unvalidated Necessity

Stilwell, Phil
PhilArchive · Papers
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philosophy
From Apparent Impossibility to Unvalidated Necessity upgrade of conjectural entities of undetermined modal status into established possibilities and, by exclusion of rivals, into alleged necessities. We (i) distinguish the ; (ii) formalize the laundering sequence; (iii) catalogue recurrent candidates , immaterial-material interaction); (iv) work through case studies in the Kalam and fine-tuning arguments; and (v) supply a Bayesian template showing how "not-yet-ruled-out" options cannot be granted positive likelihood without prior modal demonstration. The upshot is a methodological norm: . Absent such work, persuasive force reflects reclassification rather than demonstration, and intellectual integrity demands epistemic humility and parity of standards across.
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