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ECMA-380 — Data interchange on 130 mm rewritable and write once read many Ultra Density Optical (UDO) disk cartridges – Capacity: 60 Gbytes per cartridge – Second generation (December 2007)

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ECMA-380 1st Edition / December 2007

Data Interchange on 130 mm Rewritable and Write Once Read Many Ultra Density Optical (UDO) Disk Cartridges – Capacity: 60 Gbytes per Cartridge – Second Generation

Standard ECMA-380 1st Edition / December 2007

Data Interchange on 130 mm Rewritable and Write Once Read Many Ultra Density Optical (UDO) Disk Cartridges – Capacity: 60 Gbytes per Cartridge – Second Generation

Ecma International

Rue du Rhône 114

CH-1204 Geneva

T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01

www.ecma-international.org

Brief history

Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 toward the development of International Standards for optical disks with a diameter of 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 300 mm and 356 mm. Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by Ecma, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards. The present Standard is the Second Generation of the UDO Standard initially published (1 st Edition) as ECMA-350 in 2003 and as ISO/IEC 17345 in 2004.

This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of December 2007.

Table of contents Section 1 — General

Scope

Conformance

2.1

O p ti c a l d i s k

2.2

Generating system

2.3

R e c e i vi n g s ys te m

2.4

Compatibility statement

Reference

Definitions

4.1

band

4.2

case

4.3

Case Reference Plane

4.4

Channel bit

4.5

Clamping Zone

4.6

cover layer

4.7

Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC)

4.8

Data field

4.9

Defect Management

4.10

Disk Reference Plane

4.11

entrance surface

4.12

Error Correction Code (ECC)

4.13

field

4.14

format

4.15

groove

4.16

hub

4.17

interleaving

4.18

mark

4.19

Mirror Area

4.20

optical disk

4.21

optical disk cartridge (ODC)

4.22

Phase Change

4.23

Physical Block Address (PBA)

4.24

Physical Track

3 -i-

4.25

read power

4.26

r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

4.27

Reed-Solomon code

4.28

S e c to r

4.29

space

4.30

spindle

4.31

substrate

4.32

tr a c k

4.33

track pitch

4.34

User Area

4.35

wobble

4.36

write-inhibit hole

4.37

zone

C o n ve n t i o n s a n d n o t a t i o n s

5.1

Representation of numbers

5.2

Names

A c r o n ym s

General description

General requirement

8.1 Environments 8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation

6 6 7 7 7

8.2

Temperature shock

8.3

Safety requirements

8.4

Flammability

R e f e r e n c e D r i ve

9.1

O p ti c a l s ys te m

9.2

Optical beam

9.3

Tracking

9.4

Read Channel

9.5

Rotation of the disk

S e c t i o n 2 — M e c h a n i c a l a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

D i m e n s i o n a l a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e c a s e - ii -

10.1

General description of the case

10.2

Relationship of Sides A and B

10.3

Reference axes and case reference planes

10.4

Case drawings

10.5 Dimensions of the case 10.5.1 Overall dimensions 10.5.2 Location hole 10.5.3 Alignment hole 10.5.4 Surfaces on Case Reference Planes P 10.5.5 Insertion slots and detent features 10.5.6 Gripper slots 10.5.7 Write-inhibit holes 10.5.8 Media identification sensor holes 10.5.9 Head and motor window 10.5.10 Shutters 10.5.11 Slots for shutter opener 10.5.12 Slots to prevent insertion into a MO-drive 10.5.13 User label areas

12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 18

10.6 Mechanical characteristics 10.6.1 Materials 10.6.2 Mass 10.6.3 Edge distortion 10.6.4 Compliance 10.6.5 Shutter opening force

18 18 18 18 18 18

10.7

Drop test

10.8

Electro-static discharge test

D i m e n s i o n a l , m e c h a n i c a l , a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d i s k

11.1

General description of the disk

11.2

Reference axis and plane of the disk

11.3 Dimensions of the disk 11.3.1 Hub dimensions 11.3.2 Cover layer dimensions

30 30 31

11.4 Mechanical characteristics 11.4.1 Material 11.4.2 Mass 11.4.3 Moment of inertia 11.4.4 Imbalance 11.4.5 Axial deflection 11.4.6 Axial acceleration 11.4.7 Radial runout 11.4.8 Radial acceleration 11.4.9 Tilt 11.4.10 Axial damping

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 - iii -

11.5 O p ti c a l c h a r a c te r i s ti c s 11.5.1 Index of refraction 11.5.2 Thickness 11.5.3 Birefringence 11.5.4 Reflectance

34 34 34 34 34

I n t e r f a c e b e t w e e n c a r t r i d g e a n d d r i ve

12.1

Clamping method

12.2

Clamping force

12.3

Capture cylinder

12.4

Disk position in operating condition

Section 3 — Format of information

P h ys i c a l T r a c k L a yo u t

13.1

Groove

13.2

Direction of spiral

13.3

Groove pitch

13.4

Groove wobble

General Description of the Formatted Area

14.1

Division of the Formatted Area

14.2

Physical Track / Radial Alignment

15 15.1

Preformatted Sector format

Physical Block Address (PBA)

15.2 Sector layout 15.2.1 Zone Number 15.2.2 Track Number 15.2.3 Sector Number 15.2.4 Parity generation

42 43 43 43 43

15.3 Wobble Amplitude modulation for ADIP (WAMFA) 15.3.1 WAMFA conversion table code 15.3.2 WAMFA synchronization

44 44 44

15.4

Phase-shifted wobbles S e c t o r l a yo u t f o r r e c o r d e d d a t a

16.1

Sector layout for recorded data

16.2

Guard fields

16.3 Gap and VAP flag 16.3.1 Type WORM media 16.3.2 Type RW media

47 47 48

16.4

Preamble - iv -

16.5

Sync field

16.6

Viterbi Training field (VTF)

16.7 Data field 16.7.1 Recording Sequence for Data field 16.7.2 User Data bytes 16.7.3 CRC and ECC bytes 16.7.4 Control bytes 16.7.5 Resync fields 16.7.6 Postamble field (PA)

48 49 49 49 49 49 50

16.8

SPS allocation

Recording code

17 17.1

RLL(1,7) encoding

17.2

RLL(1,7) decoding

S yn c h r o n i z a t i o n o f P r e f o r m a t t e d a n d R e c o r d e d S e c t o r s

18.1

Synchronization of Type WORM media

18.2

Synchronization of Type RW media

19 19.1

Logical Format

Logical Format Layout

19.2 Logical Format Layout 19.2.1 Lead-in band 19.2.2 Manufacturer (MFR) Test bands 19.2.3 Read Focus Offset (RFO) bands 19.2.4 Write Power Calibration (WPC) bands 1 9 . 2 . 5 Sp e c i fi c D i s k In fo r m a ti o n ( SD I) T r a c k s 19.2.6 Disk Definition Structure (DDS) bands 19.2.7 PDL3 band 19.2.8 User bands 19.2.9 Lead-out band

57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58

L a yo u t o f t h e U s e r b a n d s

20.1

General Description of the User bands

20.2

D i vi s i o n s o f th e U s e r tr a c k s

20.3

User Area

20.4 Defect Management Area (DMA) 20.4.1 Primary Defect List (PDL) Area 20.4.2 Secondary Defect List (SDL) Area 20.4.3 SDL Duplicate Pages (SDLDP) Area 20.4.4 Primary Spares Area (PSA) 20.4.5 Secondary Spares Area (SSA)

59 59 59 60 60 60

20.5

Disk Definition Structure (DDS) -v-

20.6

Rewritable (RW) Zone

20.7

Write Once Read Many (WORM) Zone

21 21.1

Defect Management Area (DMA)

Initialization of the disk

21.2 Certification 21.2.1 Slipping Algorithm 21.2.2 Linear Replacement Algorithm

63 63 63

21.3

Write procedure

21.4

Primary Defect List (PDL)

21.5

Secondary Defect List (SDL)

Section 4 — Characteristics of embossed information

Method of testing

Environment

22.1

22.2 Use of the Reference Drive 22.2.1 Optics and mechanics 22.2.2 Read power 22.2.3 Read Channel 22.2.4 Tracking 22.2.5 Axial focus offset optimization

67 67 67 67 67 67

22.3

Definition of signals

S i g n a l s f r o m g r o o ve s

23 23.1

Ratio of SUM max and SUM min signals on groove

23.2

Normalized tracking error signal

23.3

Normalized wobble signal

23.4

Phase depth

23.5

ADIP error rate

S e c t i o n 5 — C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

Method of testing

Environment

24.1

24.2 Reference Drive 24.2.1 Optics and mechanics 24.2.2 Read power 24.2.3 Read Channel 24.2.4 Tracking

69 69 69 69 69

24.3 Write conditions 24.3.1 Write pulse and power waveform 24.3.2 Write pulse power and pulse timing determination

69 69 70

- vi -

24.4 Erase power for Type RW media 24.4.1 Erase power determination

70 70

Write characteristics

25.1

Mark polarity

25.2

Resolution

25.3

Narrow-Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio

25.4

VTE

25.5

Rewrite cycles for Type RW media

25.6

Cross Erase and Crosstalk

25.7

Erase ratio

25.8

Read power damage

Section 6 — Characteristics of user data

26.1

User data – Method of testing Environment

26.2 Reference Drive 26.2.1 Optics and mechanics 26.2.2 Read power 26.2.3 Read Channel 26.2.4 Tracking 26.2.5 Error correction

73 73 73 73 73 73

27.1

Minimum quality of a Sector Preformatted data

27.2 User-written data 27.2.1 Recording field 2 7 . 2 . 2 B yt e e r r o r s

74 74 74

Data interchange requirements

28.1

Tracking

28.2

User-written data

28.3

Quality of disk

A n n e x A ( n o r m a t i ve ) A i r c l e a n l i n e s s c l a s s 1 0 0 0 0 0

A n n e x B ( n o r m a t i ve ) R e a d C h a n n e l s i g n a l e q u a l i z a t i o n

A n n e x C ( n o r m a t i ve ) E d g e d i s t o r t i o n t e s t

A n n e x D ( n o r m a t i ve ) C o m p l i a n c e t e s t

- vii -

A n n e x E ( n o r m a t i ve ) C a r t r i d g e e l e c t r o - s t a t i c d i s c h a r g e t e s t

A n n e x F ( n o r m a t i ve ) T e s t m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e a d s o r b e n t f o r c e o f t h e h u b

A n n e x G ( n o r ma t i ve ) I n t e r l e a ve , C R C , E C C f o r t h e D a t a f i e l d

A n n e x H ( n o r m a t i ve ) D r i ve I n f o r m a t i o n R e c o r d ( D I R ) u s a g e

A n n e x I ( n o r m a t i ve ) S p e c i f i c D i s k I n f o r m a t i o n

A n n e x J ( n o r ma t i ve ) C R C C a l c u l a t i o n f o r S D I , D D S , P D L , a n d S D L S e c t o r s

111

A n n e x K ( n o r ma t i ve ) D a t a f i e l d s c r a m b l e r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

113

A n n e x L ( n o r m a t i ve ) D e f i n i t i o n o f t h e w r i t e p u l s e s h a p e

115

A n n e x M ( n o r m a t i ve ) R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r i n t e r c h a n g e

119

A n n e x N ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) O f f i c e e n vir o n m e n t

121

A n n e x O ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) D e r i va t i o n o f t h e o p e r a t i n g c l i m a t i c e n vir o n m e n t

123

A n n e x P ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n

129

A n n e x Q ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) T r a c k d e via t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t

131

A n n e x R ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e ve r t i c a l b i r e f r i n g e n c e o f t h e c o ve r l a ye r

135

A n n e x S ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) S t a r t P o s it i o n S h i f t ( S P S ) i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

137

A n n e x T ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) S e c t o r r e t i r e m e n t g u i d e l i n e s

139

A n n e x U ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) G u i d e l i n e s f o r t h e u s e o f T yp e W O R M O D C s

141

A n n e x V ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) L a s e r p o w e r c a l i b r a t i o n f o r e va l u a t i o n o f m e d i a p o w e r parameters

143

- viii -

Section 1 — General 1

Scope This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical, and optical characteristics of a 130 mm optical disk cartridge (ODC) that employs thermo-optical Phase Change effects to enable data interchange between such disks. This Ecma Standard specifies two types, viz. — Type RW (Rewritable) provides for data to be written read and erased many times over the recording surfaces of the disk. — Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) provides for data once written to be read a multiplicity of times. This type shall use a Write Once Read Many times recording material (written marks cannot be erased and attempted modifications of the written marks are detectable). Multisession (incremental write operations) recording may be performed on Type WORM disks. The disk shall be two-sided with a nominal capacity of 30,0 Gbytes per side and the cartridge (two sides) shall provide a nominal capacity of 60,0 Gbytes. This Ecma Standard specifies — the conditions for conformance testing and the Reference Drive; — the environments in which the cartridges are to be operated and stored; — the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the cartridge so as to provide mechanical interchangeability between data processing systems; — the format of the information on the disk, both embossed and user-written, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correction codes, the modulation methods used; — the characteristics of the embossed information on the disk; — the thermo-optical characteristics of the disk, enabling processing systems to write data onto the disk; — the minimum quality of user-written data on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read data from the disk. This Ecma Standard provides for interchange between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical disk An ODC shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified therein. A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify the Type, RW or WORM, implemented.

2.2

Generating system A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify which Type(s) is (are) supported. A system generating an ODC for interchange shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements of this Ecma Standard for the Type(s) supported.

2.3

Receiving system A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify which Type(s) is (are) supported. -1-

A system receiving an ODC for interchange shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it is able to process any recording made on the cartridge according to 2.1 on the Type(s) specified.

2.4

Compatibility statement A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall include a statement listing any other Optical Disk Cartridge Standard supported by the system for which conformance is claimed. This statement shall specify the number of the Standard(s), including, where appropriate, the ODC Type(s), and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.

Reference The following Standards contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Ecma Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subjected to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Ecma Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the following Standard. ECMA-287 (2002): Safety of electronic equipment ECMA-328 (2001): Detection and measurement of chemical emissions from electronic equipment

Definitions For the purpose of this Ecma Standard the following definitions apply.

4.1

band An annular group of Physical Tracks.

4.2

case The housing for an optical disk that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.

4.3

Case Reference Plane A plane defined for each side of the case, to which the dimensions of the case are referred.

4.4

Channel bit The elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk.

4.5

Clamping Zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.

4.6

cover layer A transparent layer of the disk through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.

4.7

Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) A method for detecting errors in data.

4.8

Data field A subdivision of a Sector intended for the recording of user data.

4.9

Defect Management A method for handling the defective areas on the disk.

-2-

4.10

Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.11

entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.

4.12

Error Correction Code (ECC) An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.

4.13

field A subdivision of a Sector.

4.14

format The arrangement or layout of information on the disk. The annular area on the disk bearing the format is the Formatted Zone.

4.15

groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. Recording is performed on the groove.

4.16

hub The central feature on the disk, which interacts with the spindle of the disk drive to provide radial centring and the clamping force.

4.17

interleaving The process of allocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.

4.18

mark A feature of the recording layer which takes the form of a pit, change in the reflectivity, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks represents the data on the disk.

4.19

Mirror Area An area in which there is no embossed information.

4.20

optical disk A disk that will accept and retain information in the form of marks in a recording layer, which can be read with an optical beam.

4.21

optical disk cartridge (ODC) A device consisting of a case containing an optical disk.

4.22

Phase Change A physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa.

4.23

Physical Block Address (PBA) A numbering system of the data Sectors defined to constitute a uniquely addressable Sector location to the recording system.

4.24

Physical Track A quasi revolution (360°) of groove. -3-

4.25

read power The optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, used when reading.

4.26

recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use. The recording layer may actually consist of a multiple layer stack of different materials or composite materials.

4.27

Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code which is particularly suited to the correction of errors which occur in bursts or are strongly correlated.

4.28

Sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the formatted area of the disk.

4.29

space The area between marks along the track.

4.30

spindle The part of the disk drive that contacts the disk and/or hub.

4.31

substrate A layer of the disk provided for mechanical support of the recording layer.

4.32

track A path that is followed by the focus of the optical beam during one quasi revolution of the disk.

4.33

track pitch The distance between centrelines of adjacent grooves, measured in the radial direction.

4.34

User Area The area of the disk intended for the recording of user data.

4.35

wobble A periodic radial deviation of the groove from the average centreline that is used as timing and addressing signal.

4.36

write-inhibit hole A hole in the case which, when detected by the drive to be open, inhibits write operations.

4.37

zone An annular area of the disk.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9. Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE. -4-

Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to the left. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement. In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b (8n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (8n-1) is recorded first. A binary digit that can be set indifferently to ZERO or to ONE is represented by “x”.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, areas, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.

Acronyms ADIP

Address In Pregroove

BER

Byte Error Rate

BERC

Byte Error Count (per Sector)

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Code

DDS

Disk Definition Structure

DIR

Drive Information Record

DMA

Defect Management Area

DSN

Drive Serial Number

ECC

Error Correction Code

LBA

Logical Block Address

LSB

Least Significant Byte

lsb

least significant bit

MSB

Most Significant Byte

msb

most significant bit

NBSNR

Narrow-Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio

NRZ

Non Return to Zero

ODC

Optical Disk Cartridge

Postamble

PBA

Physical Block Address

PDL

Primary Defect List

PLL

Phase Locked Loop

PSA

Primary Spares Area

RESYNC

Re-Synchronization

RFO

Read Focus Offset

RLL

Run-Length Limited (code)

Rewritable

SCSI

Small Computer System Interface

SDI

Specific Disk Information -5-

SDL

Secondary Defect List

SPS

Start Position Shift

SSA

Secondary Spares Area

SYNC

Synchronization

Transition Area

UDO

Ultra Density Optical (disk)

VAP

Verify and Protect

VTE

Viterbi Target Error

WAMFA

Wobble Amplitude Modulation For ADIP

WORM

Write Once Read Many

WPC

Write Power Calibration

ZCAV

Zoned Constant Angular Velocity

ZCLV

Zoned Constant Linear Velocity

ZTS

Zone Track and Sector (address information)

General description The optical disk cartridge, which is the subject of this Ecma Standard, consists of a case containing an optical disk. The case is a protective enclosure for the disk. It has access windows covered by two shutters. One of the windows is automatically uncovered by the drive when the cartridge is inserted into it. The optical disk is made from two sides that are assembled together. Each side consists of a Phase Change recording layer placed between the substrate and the cover layer. The substrates of each side are bonded together. The optical disk is recordable on both sides. Data can be written onto the disk as marks with Phase Change characteristics variations in the recording layer, using a focused optical beam. Data can be read by the optical beam using the change in reflectivity and diffraction between mark and space in the recording layer. The beam accesses the recording layer through the transparent cover layer of the disk. The disk contains pre-embossed read-only data. This data can be read using the diffraction of the optical beam by the embossed information.

General requirement

8.1 8.1.1

Environments T e s t e n vir o n m e n t The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: Temperature:

23 °C ± 2 °C

Relative humidity:

45 % to 55 %

Atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

Air cleanliness:

Class 100 000 (see Annex A)

-6-

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. Before testing, the optical disk cartridge shall be conditioned to this environment for 48 hours minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2

O p e r a t i n g e n vir o n m e n t This Ecma Standard requires that an optical disk cartridge, which meets all requirements of this Standard in the specified test environment, provides interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment where air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: Temperature:

5 °C to 55 °C

Relative humidity:

3 % to 85 %

Absolute humidity:

1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m 3

Atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

Temperature gradient:

10 °C/h max.

Relative humidity gradient: 10 %/h max. Air cleanliness:

Office environment (see Annex N)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. If an optical disk cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 hours before use (see also Annex O). 8.1.3

S t o r a g e e n vir o n m e n t The optical disk cartridge without any protective enclosure shall not be stored in an environment outside the range allowed for storage. The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: Temperature:

- 10 °C to 55 °C

Relative humidity:

3 % to 90 %

Absolute humidity:

1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m 3

Atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

Temperature gradient:

15 °C/h max.

Relative humidity gradient: 10 %/h max. Air cleanliness:

Office environment (see Annex N)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. 8.1.4

8.2

Transportation This Ecma Standard does not specify requirements for transportation. Guidance for transportation is given in Annex P.

Temperature shock The optical disk cartridge shall withstand a temperature shock of up to 20 °C when inserted into, or removed from, the drive.

8.3

Safety requirements The cartridge shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standards ECMA-287 and ECMA-328, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.

-7-

8.4

Flammability The cartridge and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.

Reference Drive The Reference Drive is a drive several critical components of which have well defined properties and which is used to test the read, write, and erase parameters of the disk for conformance to this Ecma Standard. This section gives an outline of all components; components critical for tests in specific sections are specified in those sections.

9.1

Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the write, read and erase parameters is shown in Figure 1.a. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in Figure 1.a. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements. The combination of the polarizing beamsplitter D and quarter-wave plate E separates the incident optical beam and the beam reflected from the optical disk G. The polarizing beamsplitter D shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 90. The spherical aberration of the focused beam shall be minimized by a spherical aberration adaptor L for the thickness of the cover layer in the Middle RFO Zone (See 19.2.4).

Laser diode

Optical disk

Collimator lens

Split photodetector

Optional shaping prism

I1, I2

Outputs currents from the split photodetector

Polarizing beamsplitter

K1, K2

d.c.-coupled amplifiers

Quarter-wave plate

Spherical aberration adaptor

Objective lens Figure 1.a — Optical system of the Reference Drive -8-

9.2

Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing, reading and erasing data shall have the following properties: Wavelength (λ)

405 nm to 410 nm

Polarization

Circular

Numerical aperture

0,85 ± 0,01

Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

50 % to 60 % of the maximum intensity level in the radial and tangential directions

Wave front aberration with spherical aberration adjustment after passing through cover layer with thicknesses from 95 µm to 105 µm (and an ideal index of refraction of 1,55) Relative intensity noise (RIN) 10 log [(a.c. light power density/Hz)/d.c. light power]

9.3

0,033 λ rms max. - 130 dB/Hz max.

Tracking The method of generating the axial tracking error is not specified for the Reference Drive. The radial tracking error is generated in the Radial Tracking Channel from the output currents of a split photodiode detector, the division of which runs parallel to the image of the tracks on the diode (see Figure 1.a). The radial tracking error signal relates to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. The amplifier K2 after the photodetector shall be d.c.-coupled with the bandwidth characteristics specified in Clause 23. The requirements for the accuracy with which the focus of the optical beam must follow the tracks are specified in 22.2.4.

9.4

Read Channel The Read Channel shall be used for reading preformatted and user-written data. The Read Channel shall detect the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens. The amplifier K1 after the photodetector shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 90 MHz. The read signal shall be equalized by an analog pre-equalizer as specified in Annex B.1 and shall be digitized via an 8-bit analog to digital converter. The digitized signal shall be equalized by a digital 21 tap transversal filter as specified in Annex B.2 and decoded by a Viterbi Decoder for a PR(11211) scheme, with 7 target levels and 16 states, with a depth of 32 Channel-bits, as shown on Figure 1.b.

-9-

11111

Level 7

Level 6

Level 5

11110

01111

01110

00111

12 11001

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

11100

11 10011

8 01100

00110

4 00011

10001

3 11000

10000

00001

Level 1

0 00000

Figure 1.b — State machine for the Viterbi decoder

The Viterbi decoder provides a figure of merit called Viterbi Target Error (VTE). A VTE value is generated for every processed Data Sector. VTE is the average absolute error value of all signal samples in a Sector, with respect to the ideal target levels. The Viterbi Decoder decides, after a delay of 32 Channel-bits, what the ideal target level was for the signal samples. The 7 ideal target levels are equally spaced in vertical direction (i.e. equal amplitude spacing). The Viterbi Decoder actually uses 7 adaptive target levels for the decoding. Level 7 4T

Level 6

Level 5 Level 4

Level 3 Level 2 Level 1

Figure 1.c — Seven ideal Viterbi Target Levels with some waveforms

Figure 1.c shows the 7 ideal target levels with some waveforms and the associated signal samples. The deviation (in absolute value) of these samples with respect to their ideal target level is used to compute the VTE value. The drive accumulates all the error values and also counts the number of samples used for the accumulator. A Defect Detector in the channel may temporarily interrupt the accumulation.

- 10 -

An automatic gain control in the Read Channel controls the gain of the read signal in such a way that the difference of the adaptive levels 6 and 2 has a certain magnitude. The ideal target levels 6 and 2, as shown above, are identical to the adaptive levels 6 and 2, but the 5 other ideal target levels are derived from these levels 6 and 2. The difference between level 6 and Level 2 represents the peak-to-peak amplitude of 4T-4T runs. At the end of each Sector the Read Channel processing device provides the accumulated sampleerror value, the count of the number of used samples and the values of Level 6 and Level 2. From this information the Sector’s VTE, in percentage of the 4T-amplitude (i.e. normalized) is computed. A good Sector has a low VTE value. It should be noted that VTE is minimal if the recorded data has good symmetry and low noise.

9.5

Rotation of the disk The spindle shall position the disk as specified in 12.4. It shall rotate the disk at 28,73 Hz ± 0,25 % for Type RW media and 29,90 Hz ± 0,25 % for Type WORM media. The direction of rotation of the disk side being tested shall be counter-clockwise when viewed from the objective lens.

- 11 -

Section 2 — Mechanical and physical characteristics 10

Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case

10.1

General description of the case The case (see Figure 2) is a rigid protective container of rectangular shape. It has windows on both side A and side B to allow the spindle of the drive to clamp the disk by its hub and to allow the head to access the disk. The A- or B-shutter uncovers the window upon insertion into the drive, and automatically covers it upon removal from the drive. The case has media identification, write-inhibit, mis-insertion features, detent for autoloading, gripper slots for an autochanger, label areas, and side identification inscriptions.

10.2

Relationship of Sides A and B The features essential for physical interchangeability are represented in Figure 2. When Side A of the cartridge faces upwards, Side A of the disk faces downwards. Sides A and B of the case are identical as far as the features given here are concerned. The description is given for one side only. References to Sides A and B can be changed to B or A respectively.

10.3

Reference axes and case reference planes There is a Case Reference Plane P for each side of the case. Each Case Reference Plane P contains two orthogonal axes X and Y to which the dimensions of the case are referred. The intersection of the X and Y axes defines the centre of the location hole. The X axis extends through the centre of the alignment hole.

10.4

Case drawings The case is represented schematically by the following drawings. Figure 2 shows a composite drawing of Side A of the case in isometric form, with the major features identified from Side A. Figure 3 shows the envelope of the case with respect to a location hole at the intersection of the X and Y axes of Case Reference Plane P. Figure 4 shows the surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 that establish the Case Reference Plane P. Figure 4.a shows the details of surface S3. Figure 5 shows the details of the insertion slot and detent. Figure 6 shows the gripper slots, used for automatic handling. Figure 7 shows the write-inhibit holes. Figure 8 shows the media identification sensor holes. Figure 9 shows the head and motor window. Figure 10 shows the shutter opening features. Figures 11.a and 11.b show the user label areas.

10.5 10.5.1

Dimensions of the case O ve r a l l d i m e n s i o n s The total length of the case (see Figure 3) shall be L 1 = 153,0 mm ± 0,4 mm The distance from the top of the case to the reference axis X shall be L 2 = 127,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The distance from the bottom of the case to the reference axis X shall be - 12 -

L 3 = 26,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The total width of the case shall be + 0,0 mm

L 4 = 135,0 mm

- 0,6 mm

The distance from the left-hand side of the cartridge to the reference axis Y shall be + 0,0 mm

L 5 = 128,5 mm

- 0,5 mm

The distance from the right-hand side of the cartridge to the reference axis Y shall be L 6 = 6,5 mm ± 0,2 mm The width shall be reduced on the top by the radius R1 = L4 originating from a point defined by L 5 and L 7 = 101,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The two corners of the top shall be rounded with a radius R 2 = 1,5 mm ± 0,5 mm and the two corners at the bottom with a radius R 3 = 3,0 mm ± 1,0 mm The thickness of the case shall be L 8 = 11,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The eight long edges of the case shall be rounded with a radius R 4 = 1,0 mm max. 10.5.2

Location hole The centre of the location hole (see Figure 3) shall coincide with the intersection of the reference axes X and Y. It shall have a square form with a side length of + 0,00 mm

L 9 = 4,10 mm

- 0,06 mm

held to a depth of L 10 = 2,35 mm (i.e. typical wall thickness) after which a cavity extends through to the alignment hole on the opposite side of the case. The lead-in edges shall be rounded with a radius R 5 = 0,5 mm max. 10.5.3

Alignment hole The centre of the alignment hole (see Figure 3) shall lie on reference axis X at a distance of L 11 = 122,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from the reference axis Y. The dimensions of the hole shall be + 0,00 mm

L 12 = 4,10 mm

- 0,06 mm

and - 13 -

+ 0,2 mm

L 13 = 5,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

held to a depth of L 10, after which a cavity extends through to the location hole on the opposite side of the case. The lead-in edges shall be rounded with radius R 5 . 10.5.4

Surfaces on Case Reference Planes P The Case Reference Plane P (see Figures 4 and 4.a) for a side of the case shall contain four surfaces (S1, S2, S3 and S4) on that side of the case, specified as follows:

• Two circular surfaces S1 and S2. Surface S1 shall be a circular area centred around the square location hole and have a diameter of D 1 = 9,0 mm min. Surface S2 shall be a circular area centred around the rectangular alignment hole and have a diameter of D 2 = 9,0 mm min.

• Two elongated surfaces S3 and S4, that follow the contour of the cartridge and shutter edges. Surfaces S3 and S4 are shaped symmetrically. Surface S3 shall be defined by two circular sections with radii R 6 = 1,5 mm ± 0,1 mm with an origin given by L 14 = 4,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L 15 = 86,0 mm ± 0,3 mm and R 7 = 1,5 mm ± 0,1 mm with an origin given by L 16 = 1,9 mm ± 0,1 mm L 17 = 124,5 mm ± 0,3 mm The arc with radius R 7 shall continue on the right hand side with radius + 0,2 mm

R 8 = 134,0 mm

- 0,7 mm

which is a dimension resulting from L 5 + L 14 + R 6 with an origin given by L 5 and L 7 . A straight, vertical line shall smoothly join the arc of R 6 to the arc of R 8 . The left-hand side of S3 shall be bounded by radius R 9 = 4,5 mm ± 0,3 mm which is a dimension resulting from L 18 + L 14 - R 6 with an origin given by L 18 = 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L 19 = 115,5 mm ± 0,3 mm The left-hand side of the boundary shall be closed by two straight lines. The first one shall smoothly join the arc of R 6 to the arc of R 9 . The second one shall run from the lefthand tangent of R 7 to its intersection with R 9 . - 14 -

10.5.5

Insertion slots and detent features The case shall have two symmetrical insertion slots with embedded detent features (see Figure 5). The slots shall have a length of L 20 = 35,0 mm ± 0,3 mm a width of + 0,3 mm

L 21 = 6,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

and a depth of L 22 = 3,0 mm ± 0,1 mm located L 23 = 2,5 mm ± 0,2 mm from Case Reference Plane P. The slots shall have a lead-in chamfer given by L 24 = 0,5 mm max. L 25 = 5,0 mm max. The detent notch shall be a semi-circle of radius R 10 = 3,0 mm ± 0,2 mm with the origin given by L 26 = 13,0 mm ± 0,3 mm L 27 = 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L 28 = 114,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The dimensions L 2 , L 26 , and L 28 are interrelated, their values shall be such so that they are all three within specification. 10.5.6

Gripper slots The case shall have two symmetrical gripper slots (see Figure 6) with a depth of L 29 = 5,0 mm ± 0,3 mm from the edge of the case and a width of L 30 = 6,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The upper edge of a slot shall be L 31 = 12,0 mm ± 0,3 mm above the bottom of the case.

10.5.7

Write-inhibit holes Sides A and B shall each have a write-inhibit hole (see Figure 7). The case shall include a device for opening and closing each hole. The hole at the left-hand side of Side A of the case, is the write-inhibit hole for Side A of the disk. The protected side of the disk shall be made clear by inscriptions on the case or by the fact that the device for Side A of the disk can only be operated from Side A of the case. When writing and erasing on Side A of the disk is not allowed, the write-inhibit hole shall be open all through the case. It shall have a diameter D 3 = 4,0 mm min. Its centre shall be specified by L 32 = 8,0 mm ± 0,2 mm - 15 -

L 33 = 111,0 mm ± 0,3 mm on Side A of the case. When writing is allowed on Side A of the disk, the write-inhibit hole shall be closed on Side A of the case, at a depth of typically L 10 , i.e. the wall thickness of the case. In this state, the opposite side of the same hole, at Side B of the case, shall be closed and not recessed from the Case Reference Plane P of Side B of the case by more than L 34 = 0,3 mm max. The opposite side of the write-inhibit hole for protecting Side B of the disk shall have a diameter D 3 . Its centre shall be specified by L 32 and L 35 = 11,0 mm ± 0,2 mm on Side A of the case. 10.5.8

Media identification sensor holes There shall be two sets of two media sensor holes (see Figure 8). The holes shall extend through the case, and have a diameter of + 0,3 mm

D 4 = 4,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

the positions of their centres shall be specified by L 33 , L 35 and L 36 = 19,5 mm ± 0,2 mm L 37 = 17,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 38 = 105,0 mm ± 0,3 mm A hole is deemed to be open when there is no obstruction in this hole over a diameter D 4 all through the case. A hole is deemed to be closed, when the hole is closed on both Side A and Side B of the case. The closure shall be recessed from Case Reference plane P by L 39 = 0,3 mm max. The holes closest to the long edges of the case are numbered 1. The other holes are numbered 2. The meaning of the status (closed, open) of each hole shall be as in Table 1. Table 1 — Media identification sensor holes Sensor Hole No.

Indication

Closed

Open

Media Type

WORM

UDO Type

UDO 1

UDO 2

2 st

UDO 1 = 1 generation conforming to ECMA-350. nd UDO 2 = 2 generation conforming to this Standard.

10.5.9

H e a d a n d m o t o r w in d o w The case shall have a window on each side to enable the optical head and the motor spindle to access the disk (see Figure 9). The dimensions are referenced to a centreline, located at a distance of L 40 = 61,0 mm ± 0,2 mm to the left of reference axis Y. The width of the head access shall be defined by L 41 = 17,50 mm min. L 42 = 17,50 mm min. - 16 -

and its height shall extend to L 43 = 118,2 mm min. The two inside corners shall be rounded with a radius of R 11 = 3,0 mm max. The motor spindle access shall have a diameter of D 5 = 35,0 mm min. and its centre shall be defined by L 40 and L 44 = 43,0 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.5.10 Shutters The case shall have two spring-loaded, unidirectional shutters (see Figure 10), designed to completely cover the head and motor windows when closed. A shutter movement of 36,5 mm shall be sufficient to ensure that the head and motor window is opened to the minimum size specified in 10.5.9. The shutter shall be free to slide in a recessed area of the case in such a way as to ensure that the overall thickness of the case and shutter shall not exceed L 8 . The top surface of the shutters shall be at L 45 = 126,7 mm ± 0,3 mm 10.5.11 Slots for shutter opener Both Side A and Side B shutter shall have only one slot (see Figure 10) in which the shutter opener of the drive can engage to open the shutter. The slot shall be dimensioned as follows: When the shutter is closed, the centre of the slot used to push the shutter open shall be located at a distance of L 46 = 55,0 mm ± 0,5 mm from reference axis Y on either side the case. The length of the slot shall be L 47 = 7,0 mm ± 0,1 mm The depth of the slot shall be L 48 = 3,5 mm ± 0,5 mm The width of each slot from the Case Reference Plane P of Side A and B of the case shall be + 0,5 mm

L 49 = 4,5 mm

- 0,0 mm

1 0 . 5 . 1 2 S l o t s t o p r e ve n t i n s e r t i o n i n t o a M O - d r i ve The case shall have two non-moveable slots (see Figure 10) designed to prevent from insertion into MO-drives using cartridges conforming to Standard ECMA-322 (or into drives using similar cartridge designs as specified in ECMA-280, ECMA-238, ECMA-195, ECMA-184, ECMA-183, and ECMA-153). These two non-moveable slots have no function when the case is inserted into a drive designed to receive cartridges conforming to this Ecma Standard. The edge designed to engage with the shutter opening arm of such MO-drives and so prevent further insertion, shall be located at a distance of L 50 = 36,5 mm ± 0,2 mm from reference axis Y on either side the case. The length of the slot shall be L 51 = 4,5 mm ± 0,5 mm

- 17 -

and the angle of the lead-out ramp shall be A1 = 60,0° ± 1,0° The depth of the slot shall be L 52 = 4,0 mm ± 0,5 mm With both side A and side B shutter closed the width of each slot shall be the full width of the case L 8 . 10.5.13 User label areas The case shall have the following minimum areas for user labels (see Figure 11.a): on Side A and Side B:

33,5 mm x 70,5 mm

on the bottom side:

7,0 mm x 115,0 mm

These areas shall be recessed by 0,2 mm min. Their positions are specified by the following dimensions and relations between dimensions. L 53 = 29,0 mm min. L 54 - L 53 = 70,5 mm min. L 56 - L 55 = 33,5 mm min. L 8 - L 59 - L 60 = 7,0 mm min. L 4 - L 57 - L 58 = 115,0 mm min.

10.6

Mechanical characteristics All requirements of this clause shall be met in the operating environment.

10.6.1

Materials The case shall be constructed from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this Ecma Standard.

10.6.2

Mass The mass of the case without the optical disk shall not exceed 150 g.

10.6.3

Edge distortion The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the edge distortion test defined in Annex C.

10.6.4

Compliance The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the compliance (flexibility) test defined in Annex D. The requirement guarantees that a cartridge can be constrained in the proper plane of operation within the drive.

10.6.5

Shutter opening force The spring force on the shutter shall be such that the force required to open the shutter does not exceed 2 N. It shall be sufficiently strong to close a free-sliding shutter, irrespective of the orientation of the case.

10.7

Drop test The optical disk cartridge shall withstand dropping on each surface and on each corner from a height of 1,2 m onto a concrete floor covered with a vinyl layer 2 mm thick. The cartridge shall withstand all such impacts without any functional failure. The write-inhibit switches shall not move to change the state (open or closed) of the write-inhibit holes during the drop test.

10.8

Electro-static discharge test The optical disk cartridge shall meet the electro-static discharge requirements specified in Annex E. - 18 -

Figure 2 — Case

- 19 -

Figure 3 — Overall dimensions and reference axes

- 20 -

Figure 4 — Surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 of the Case Reference Plane P

- 21 -

Figure 4.a — Details of surface S3

- 22 -

Figure 5 — Insertion slots and detents

- 23 -

Figure 6 — Gripper slots

- 24 -

Figure 7 — Write-inhibit holes

- 25 -

Figure 8 — Media identification sensor holes

- 26 -

Figure 9 — Head and motor window

- 27 -

Figure 10 — Shutter opening features

- 28 -

Figure 11.a — User label area (Identical on Side A and Side B)

Figure 11.b — User label area on bottom surface

- 29 -

Dimensional, mechanical, and physical characteristics of the disk

11.1

General description of the disk The disk shall consist of two sides. Each disk side shall consist of a circular substrate with a hub on one face. The substrate is coated with a recording layer on the same disk face as the hub. The recording layer is protected from environmental influences by a protective 100 µm thick cover layer. The cover layer shall be transparent to allow an optical beam to focus on the recording layer (see 11.5). The two disk sides shall be assembled with the cover layer facing outwards. The circular hubs are in the centre of the disk. They interact with the spindle of the drive, and provide the radial centring and the clamping force.

11.2

Reference axis and plane of the disk Some dimensions of the hub are referred to a Disk Reference Plane D (see Figure 12). The Disk Reference Plane D is different from Case Reference Plane P that is described in 10.3. Plane D is defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation of this spindle. The reference axis A of the disk passes through the centre of the centre hole of the hub, and is normal to Disk Reference Plane D. The recording layer is nominally located on Disk Reference Plane D.

11.3

Dimensions of the disk The dimensions of the disk shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the disk in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause. The outer diameter of the disk shall be 130,0 mm nominal. The tolerance is determined by the movement of the disk inside the case allowed by 12.3 and 12.4. The total thickness of the disk outside the hub area shall be 2,40 mm min. and 2,80 mm max. The Clamping Zone is the area on the disk where the clamping mechanism of the optical drive grips the disk and is defined by D 6 and D 7 . The clearance zone extending from the outer diameter of the Clamping Zone (D 6 ) to the inner diameter of the reflective zone (see Clause 17) shall be excluded from the total thickness requirement; however there shall be no projection from the Disk Reference Plane D in the direction of the optical system of more than 0,2 mm in this zone.

11.3.1

Hub dimensions The outer diameter of the hub (see Figure 12) shall be + 0,0 mm

D 8 = 25,0 mm

- 0,2 mm

The height of the hub shall be + 0,0 mm

h 1 = 2,2 mm

- 0,2 mm

The diameter of the centre hole of the hub shall be + 0,012 mm

D 9 = 4,004 mm

- 0,000 mm

- 30 -

The height of the top of the centring hole at diameter D 9 , measured above the Disk Reference Plane D, shall be h 2 = 1,9 mm min. The centring length at diameter D 9 shall be h 3 = 0,5 mm min. The hole shall have a diameter larger than, or equal to D 9 between the centring length and the Disk Reference Plane D. There shall be a radius at the rim of the hub at diameter D 9 with height h 4 = 0,2 mm ± 0,1 mm At the two surfaces that it intersects, the radius shall be blended to prevent offsets or sharp ridges. The height of the chamfer at the rim of the hub at diameter D 8 shall be + 0,2 mm

h 5 = 0,4 mm

- 0,2 mm

The angle of the chamfer shall be 45°, or a corresponding full radius shall be used. The outer diameter of the magnetizable ring shall be D 10 = 19,0 mm min. The inner diameter of the magnetizable ring shall be D 11 = 8,0 mm max. The thickness of the magnetizable material shall be h 6 = 0,5 mm min. The position of the top of the magnetizable ring relative to the Disk Reference Plane D shall be + 0,0 mm

h 7 = 2,2 mm

- 0,1 mm

The outer diameter of the Clamping Zone shall be D 6 = 35,0 mm min. The inner diameter of the zone shall be D 7 = 27,0 mm max. 11.3.2

C o ve r l a ye r d i m e n s i o n s The inner diameter of the cover layer (see Figure 12) shall be D 12 = 36,0 ± 1,0 mm The outer diameter of the cover layer shall extend beyond the start of the Formatted Zone as described in Clause 17.

- 31 -

Figure 12 — Hub Dimensions

- 32 -

11.4

Mechanical characteristics All requirements in this clause must be met in the operating environment.

11.4.1

Material The disk shall be made from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this Ecma Standard. The only material properties specified by this Ecma Standard are the magnetic properties of the magnetizable ring in the hub (see 11.3.1) and the optical properties of the cover layer in the Formatted Zone (see 11.5).

11.4.2

Mass The mass of the disk shall not exceed 60 g.

11.4.3

Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,13 g⋅m2.

11.4.4

Imbalance The imbalance of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,01g⋅m.

11.4.5

Axial deflection The axial deflection of the disk is measured as the axial deviation of the recording layer. Thus it comprises the tolerances on the thickness of the cover layer, on its index of refraction, and the deviation of the entrance surface from the Disk Reference Plane D. The deviation of any point of the recording layer from its nominal position, in a direction normal to the Disk Reference Plane D, shall not exceed 0,13 mm in the Formatted Zone for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5. The deviation shall be measured by the optical system defined in 9.1.

11.4.6

Axial acceleration The maximum allowed axial error e max (see Annex Q) shall not exceed 59 nm, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking of the recording layer. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function ω0 1 H s (iω ) = × 3 iω

where ω = 2πf, ω0/2π = 3 000 Hz, i =

3iω ω0 × iω 1+ 3ω 0 1+

-1

or any other servo with ⏐1 + H⏐ within the 20 % of ⏐1 + Hs⏐ in the bandwidth of 20 Hz to 150 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 8,0 m/s 2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4.7

Radial runout The radial runout of the tracks in the recording layer in the Formatted Zone is measured as seen by the optical head of the Reference Drive. Thus it includes the distance between the axis of rotation of the spindle and reference axis A, the tolerances on the dimensions between axis A and the location of the track, and effects of non-uniformities in the index of refraction of the cover layer. The radial runout is the difference between the maximum and the minimum distance of any track from the axis of rotation, measured along a fixed radial line over one physical track of the disk. The radial runout shall not exceed 50 μm as measured by the optical system under conditions of a hub mounted on a perfect sized test fixture shaft, for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5.

- 33 -

11.4.8

Radial acceleration The maximum allowed radial error e max (see Annex Q) shall not exceed 14 nm, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking of the tracks. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function

H s (iω ) =

where ω = 2πf, ω0/2π = 4 000 Hz, i =

ω0 1 × 3 iω

3iω ω0 × iω 1+ 3ω 0 1+

-1

or any other servo with ⏐1 + H⏐ within the 20 % of ⏐1 + Hs⏐ in the bandwidth of 20 Hz to 150 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 3,0 m/s 2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4.9

Tilt The tilt angle, defined as the angle which the normal to the entrance surface, averaged over a circular area of 1 mm diameter, makes with the normal to the Disk Reference Plane D, shall not exceed 2,4 mrad in the radial direction and 1,3 mrad in the tangential direction over the Formatted Zone.

11.4.10 Axial damping The vibration of the disk clamped to a spindle with a clamping force of 8 N ± 1 N shall have a first rotationally symmetric resonance frequency mode (umbrella mode) between 200 Hz and 250 Hz with a resonance peaking, measured at disk radius 61 mm ± 1 mm, smaller than 21 dB.

11.5 11.5.1

Optical characteristics Index of refraction The index of refraction of the cover layer within the Formatted Zone shall be 1,55 ± 0,10.

11.5.2

Thickness The average thickness of the cover layer over the formatted area shall be within the range 95 to 105 µm. This thickness shall not vary by more than 2 µm over the formatted area.

11.5.3

Birefringence The birefringence value of the cover layer shall be contained as follows: N p - N z ≤ 500 x 10 -6 where N p is the index of refraction along any direction in the plane of the disk and Nz is the index of refraction normal to the plane of the disk (see Annex R).

11.5.4 Reflectance 11.5.4.1 General The reflectance R is the value of the reflectance in a Recording Track of the User Zone, measured through the cover layer and does not include the reflectance of the entrance surface. The nominal value R, of the reflectance, shall be specified by the manufacturer in byte 39 of the SDI Sectors (see 19.2.5). 1 1 . 5 . 4 . 2 M e a s u r e d va l u e The measured value R m of the reflectance shall be measured under the conditions of 9.2. Measurements shall be made in the User Zone in any Recording Track. - 34 -

11.5.4.3 Requirement The value of reflectance prior to writing at the standard wavelength specified in 9.2 shall lie within the range 17,0 % to 24,5 % for Type RW disks and within the range 12,5 % to 20,5% for Type WORM disks. The value of reflectance following writing at the standard wavelength specified in 9.2 shall lie within the range 8,0 % to 13,0 % for Type RW disks and within the range 8,5 % to 12,5 % for Type WORM disks. At any point in the User Zone, prior to writing or following writing on Type RW or Type WORM disks, the measured reflectance R m shall meet the following requirement: R (1 - 0,22) ≤ (R m max + R m min) / 2 ≤ R (1 + 0,22) where R m max and R m min are the maximum and minimum values of the measured reflectance in the User Zone. This requirement specifies the acceptable range for Rm, for all disks within the same value R. Additionally; the variation of R m within one revolution shall meet the requirement: (R m max - R m min) / (R m max + R m min) ≤ 0,10

12 12.1

Interface between cartridge and drive Clamping method When the cartridge is inserted into the drive, the shutter of the case is opened and the drive spindle engages the disk. The disk is held against the spindle by an axial clamping force, provided by the magnetizable material in the hub and the magnets in the spindle. The radial positioning of the disk is provided by the centring of the axis of the spindle in the centre hole of the hub. A turntable of the spindle shall support the disk in its Clamping Zone, determining the axial position of the disk in the case.

12.2

Clamping force The clamping force exerted by the spindle shall be less than 14 N. The adsorbent force measured by the test device specified in Annex F shall be in the range of 8,0 N to 12,0 N.

12.3

Capture cylinder The capture cylinder (see Figure 13) is defined as the volume in which the spindle can expect the centre of the hole of the hub to be at the maximum height of the hub, just prior to capture. The size of the cylinder limits the allowable play of the disk inside its cavity in the case. This cylinder is referred to perfectly located and perfectly sized alignment and location pins in the drive, and includes tolerances of dimensions of the case and the disk between the pins mentioned and the centre of the hub. The bottom of the cylinder is parallel to the Case Reference Plane P, and shall be located at a distance of L 61 = 0,5 mm min. above the Case Reference Plane P of Side B of the case when Side A of the disk is to be used. The top of the cylinder shall be located at a distance of L 62 = 4,3 mm max. above the same Case Reference Plane P, i.e. that of Side B. The diameter of the cylinder shall be D 13 = 3,0 mm max. Its centre shall be defined by the nominal values of L 40 and L 44 (see 10.5.9).

- 35 -

12.4

Disk position in operating condition When the disk is in the operating condition (see Figure 13) within the drive, the position of the active recording layer shall be L 63 = 4,15 mm ± 0,15 mm above the Case Reference Plane P of that side of the case that faces the optical system. Moreover, the torque to be exerted on the disk in order to maintain a rotational frequency of 35 Hz shall not exceed 0,01 N .m, when the axis of rotation is within a circle of diameter D 14 = 0,2 mm max. and a centre given by the nominal values of L 40 and L 44 (see 10.5.9).

- 36 -

Figure 13 — Capture cylinder

- 37 -

Section 3 — Format of information 13 13.1

Physical Track Layout Groove The Formatted Zone shall contain a spiral wobbled groove intended for the continuous servo method (see Clause 23). The groove shall be a trench-like feature, the bottom of which is located closer to the optical beam’s entrance surface than the land between the grooves. The shape of the groove shall be determined by the requirements in Clause 23.

13.2

Direction of spiral The groove shall spiral inward from the outer diameter to the inner diameter, clockwise as viewed from the entrance surface.

13.3

Groove pitch The groove pitch defined as the distance between adjacent grooves centrelines, measured in a radial direction shall be: 320 nm ± 5% for Type WORM media, 350 nm ± 5% for Type RW media. The grooves pitch averaged over the entire formatted area shall be: 320 nm ± 0,1% for Type WORM media, 350 nm ± 0,1% for Type RW media.

13.4

Groove wobble The groove shall be sinusoidally wobbled with a period of 120 Channel bits. The number of wobble periods per revolution shall be the same within each Data Zone defined in 14.1. The frequency of the wobble shall be constant within each Data Zone. The wobble shall contain Sector Format information as specified in Clause 15.3. Its characteristics shall comply with the specifications of Clause 23. The corresponding amplitude of peak-to-peak displacement of the wobble shall be approximately 11 nm.

General Description of the Formatted Area The Formatted Area contains all information on the disk relevant for data interchange. This information comprises embossed tracking and addressing provisions, and possibly user written data. The entire Formatted Area shall be reflective and have the same recording layer.

14.1

Division of the Formatted Area The Formatted Area shall be divided into Data Zones at the radii specified in Tables 2 and 3, each Data Zone having a fixed number of Sectors per Track. All Formatted Area features shall be defined in term of Channel bits (see Tables 4 and 5). The Sectors shall contain the same number of Channel-bits and the same number of wobble periods. The period of the wobble shall be 120 times the channel clock period for both Type RW and Type WORM media. Each Data Zone shall be divided in bands.

- 38 -

In Zone 26 of the WORM format (Table 2) there are more than 8 192 tracks. As this exceeds the counting possibility of the 13 available track numbering bits (see 15.2), the Track Number shall be reset to 0000, while the Zone Number shall be incremented to 27 when the track-counter reaches 8 192. This Zone 27 shall have the same format as Zone 26. It shall not be used for data interchange.

14.2

Physical Track / Radial Alignment Each 360° groove revolution shall contain a non-integer number of wobble-periods as shown on Figure 14. Every full revolution contains an extra quarter wobble-period, thus creating a 90 wobble-phase offset between adjacent groove turns. This 90° shift amounts to 30 Channel bits, with a tolerance of less than ± 2 Channel bits. The phase-shift relates to the ADIP format specified in 15.3. The Physical Track shall be as defined in Figure 14. A Physical Track corresponds to a 360° revolution minus the said quarter wobble-period. The extra quarter wobble is part of the next track even though it still is on the present revolution. Hence the length of a Track is shorter than one revolution by 30 Channel bits. A Track does contain an integer number of Sectors. See Figure 14. The Track-to-Track phase-shift of 30 Channel bits shall not exceed the tolerance of ± 2 Channel bits.

90 degrees

Track N

Track N+1

Track N+2

Track N+3

Track N+4

Track N+4 end of one full revolution

start of one full revolution

line that intersects with the center of the disk

Figure 14 — Definition of track and revolution

- 39 -

Table 2 — Zone format of Type WORM media Zone number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Radius (mm) Outer Inner 62,50 61,51 61,51 60,08 60,08 58,65 58,65 57,23 57,23 55,82 55,82 54,42 54,42 53,02 53,02 51,63 51,63 50,37 50,37 49,10 49,10 47,84 47,84 46,58 46,58 45,32 45,32 44,07 44,07 42,81 42,81 41,56 41,56 40,31 40,31 39,06 39,06 37,81 37,81 36,57 36,57 35,33 35,33 34,08 34,08 32,84 32,84 31,60 31,60 30,37 30,37 29,13 29,13 26,40

Tracks per Zone 3 083 4 486 4 461 4 436 4 411 4 386 4 361 4 337 3 952 3 947 3 941 3 936 3 930 3 925 3 919 3 914 3 908 3 903 3 897 3 892 3 887 3 881 3 876 3 870 3 865 3 860 8 537

Sectors per Tracks 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23

Sectors per Zone 151 057 215 328 209 667 204 056 198 495 192 984 187 523 182 154 162 032 157 880 153 699 149 568 145 410 141 300 137 165 133 076 128 964 124 896 120 807 116 760 112 723 108 668 104 652 100 620 96 625 92 640 196 351

Track number Outer Inner 0 3 082 0 4 485 0 4 460 0 4 435 0 4 410 0 4 385 0 4 360 0 4 336 0 3 951 0 3 946 0 3 940 0 3 935 0 3 929 0 3 924 0 3 918 0 3 913 0 3 907 0 3 902 0 3 896 0 3 891 0 3 886 0 3 880 0 3 875 0 3 869 0 3 864 0 3 859 0 8 536

Wobbles per revolution 48 216,25 47 232,25 46 248,25 45 264, 25 44 280,25 43 296,25 42 312,25 41 328,25 40 344,25 39 360,25 38 376,25 37 392,25 36 408,25 35 424,25 34 440,25 33 456,25 32 472,25 31 488,25 30 504,25 29 520,25 28 536, 25 27 552,25 26 568,25 25 584,25 24 600,25 23 616,25 22 632,25

Table 3 — Zone format of Type RW media Zone number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Radius (mm) Outer Inner 62,50 61,40 61,40 59,77 59,77 58,17 58,17 56,58 55,58 55,01 55,01 53,47 53,47 51,94 51,94 50,43 50,43 48,94 48,94 47,75 47,75 46,57 46,57 45,40 45,40 44,22 44,22 43,05 43,05 41,87 41,87 40,71 40,71 39,54 39,54 38,37 38,37 37,21 37,21 36,05 36,05 34,89 34,89 33,73 33,73 32,58 32,58 31,43 31,43 30,27 30,27 29,13 29,13 26,40

Tracks per Zone 3 150 4 642 4 586 4 530 4 475 4 420 4 366 4 312 4 259 3 377 3 371 3 365 3 358 3 352 3 346 3 340 3 334 3 328 3 322 3 316 3 310 3 304 3 298 3 292 3 286 3 279 7 789

Sectors per Tracks 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

- 40 -

Sectors per Zone 160 650 232 100 224 714 217 440 210 325 203 320 196 470 189 728 183 137 141 834 138 211 134 600 145 410 127 376 123 802 120 240 116 690 113 152 109 626 106 112 102 610 99 120 95 642 92 176 88 722 85 254 194 725

Track number Outer Inner 0 3 149 0 4 641 0 4 685 0 4 529 0 4 474 0 4 419 0 4 365 0 4 311 0 4 258 0 3 376 0 3 370 0 3 364 0 3 929 0 3 351 0 3 345 0 3 339 0 3 333 0 3 327 0 3 321 0 3 315 0 3 309 0 3 303 0 3 297 0 3 291 0 3 285 0 3 278 0 7 788

Wobbles per revolution 50 388,25 49 400,25 48 412,25 46 436,25 44 280,25 45 448,25 44 460,25 43 472,25 42 484,25 40 508,25 38 376,25 39 520,25 36 408,25 37 544,25 36 556,25 35 568,25 34 580,25 33 592,25 32 604,25 31 616,25 30 628, 25 29 640,25 28 652,25 27 664,25 26 676,25 25 688,25 24 700,25

Table 4 — Nominal Channel bit and wobble timing for Type WORM media at a rotation speed of 29,9 Hz Zone number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Channel bit length Outer Inner (mm) (mm) 67,87 66,80 68,19 66,60 68,02 66,40 67,84 66,20 67,67 66,00 67,50 65,81 67,34 65,61 67,17 65,41 67,01 65,37 67,00 65,32 67,00 65,28 66,99 65,23 66,99 65,18 66,99 65,14 67,00 65,09 67,01 65,05 67,02 65,00 67,03 64,95 67,05 64,91 67,07 64,86 67,10 64,82 67,13 64,77 67,17 64,73 67,21 64,68 67,27 64,63 67,33 64,59 67,40 61,08

Channel clock Frequency Period (MHz) (ns) 173,000 5,78 169,469 5,90 165,939 6,03 162,408 6,16 158,878 6,29 155,347 6,44 151,816 6,59 148,286 6,74 144,755 6,91 141,225 7,08 137,694 7,26 134,163 7,45 130,633 7,66 127,102 7,87 123,572 8,09 120,041 8,33 116,510 8,58 112,980 8,85 109,449 9,14 105,919 9,44 102,388 9,77 98,857 10,12 95,327 10,49 91,796 10,89 88,266 11,33 84,735 11,80 81,205 12,31

Wobble clock Frequency Period (KHz) (µs) 1 441,67 0,694 1 412,24 0,708 1 382,82 0,723 1 353,40 0,739 1 323,98 0,755 1 294,56 0,772 1 265,14 0,790 1 235,71 0,809 1 206,29 0,829 1 176,87 0,850 1 147,45 0,871 1 118,03 0,894 1 088,61 0,919 1 059,19 0,944 1 029,76 0,971 1 000,34 1,000 970,92 1,030 941,50 1,062 912,08 1,096 882,66 1,133 853,23 1,172 823,81 1,214 794,39 1,259 764,97 1,307 735,55 1,360 706,13 1,416 676,70 1,478

User data rate (Mbyte/s) 12,00 11,76 11,51 11,27 11,02 10,78 10,53 10,29 10,04 9,80 9,56 9,31 9,06 8,82 8,57 8,33 8,08 7,84 7,59 7,35 7,10 6,86 6,61 6,37 6,12 5,88 5,62

Table 5 — Nominal Channel bit and wobble timing for Type RW media at a rotation speed of 28,73 Hz Zone number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Channel bit length Outer Inner (mm) (mm) 64,95 63,80 65,08 63,35 64,65 62,91 64,22 62,47 63,80 62,03 63,88 61,60 62,97 61,17 62,56 60,74 62,15 60,31 61,75 60,26 61,73 60,20 61,71 60,15 61,69 60,09 61,67 60,03 61,66 59,98 61,64 59,92 61,63 59,87 61,63 59,81 61,62 59,76 61,62 59,70 61,63 59,64 61,63 59,59 61,64 59,53 61,66 59,48 61,68 59,42 61,71 59,37 61,74 55,96

Channel clock Frequency Period (MHz) (ns) 173,719 5,76 170,312 5,87 166,906 5,99 163,500 6,12 160,094 6,25 156,687 6,38 153,281 6,52 149,875 6,67 146,469 6,83 143,062 6,99 139,656 7,16 136,250 7,34 132,844 7,53 129,438 7,73 126,031 7,93 122,625 8,15 119,219 8,39 115,813 8,63 112,406 8,90 109,000 9,17 105,594 9,47 102,188 9,79 98,781 10,12 95,375 10,48 91,969 10,87 88,563 11,29 85,157 11,74

- 41 -

Wobble clock Frequency Period (KHz) (µs) 1 447,65 0,691 1 419,27 0,705 1 390,88 0,719 1 362,50 0,734 1 334,11 0,750 1 305,73 0,766 1 277,34 0,783 1 248,96 0,801 1 220,57 0,819 1 192,19 0,839 1 163,80 0,859 1 135,42 0,881 1 107,03 0,903 1 078,65 0,927 1 050,26 0,952 1 021,88 0,979 993,49 1,007 965,11 1,036 936,72 1,068 908,33 1,101 879,95 1,136 851,56 1,174 823,18 1,215 794,79 1,258 766,41 1,305 738,02 1,355 709,64 1,409

User data rate (Mbyte/s) 12,00 11,77 11,53 11,30 11,06 10,83 10,59 10,36 10,12 9,88 9,65 9,41 9,18 8,94 8,71 8,47 8,24 8,00 7,77 7,53 7,30 7,06 6,83 6,59 6,35 6,12 5,88

15 15.1

Preformatted Sector format Physical Block Address (PBA) Each Data Sector shall be identified using a unique Physical Block Address (PBA). The PBA embossed addresses are separated into three parts, a Zone Number, a Track Number and a Sector Number, together called “ZTS”. In each Data Zone the Track Number starts with 0000 at the outer radius of the Zone. Each track starts with Sector number 0. The ZTS info is converted to PBA’s by the drive’s controller. PBA number 0 shall be located at radius 62,50 mm ± 0,10mm, with Zone Number = 0, Track Number = 0 and Sector Number = 0. ADIP errors, due to media defects, will occur on a Nibble basis (1 nibble = 4 bits), in relation with the Nibble ADIP encoding (see 15.3.) The conversion from ZTS to PBA shall be: PBA = (Z ∗ 8 192 ∗ 64) + (T ∗ (SPT0 - Z) + S) and the conversion from PBA to ZTS: Z = int [PBA / (8 192 ∗ 64)] T = int [(PBA - (Z ∗ 8 192 ∗ 64)) / (SPT0 - Z)] S = int [(PBA - ((Z ∗ 8 192 ∗ 64) + (T ∗ (SPT0 - Z)))] where the notation int [x] denotes the largest integer not greater than x. NOTES The term (8 192 ∗ 64) can be replaced by a shift of 19 bits in the appropriate direction. The variable SPT0 is equal to the number of Sectors per Physical Track in Data Zone 0 (at the outer radius).

15.2

Sector layout Each Data Sector contains the following ADIP information: Zone number of 5 bits (0–31) Track Number of 13 bits (0–8 192). This is repeated 5 times in each Sector. Sector number of 6 bits (0–63). This is repeated 3 times in each Sector. 4 bits reserved for future purposes, like e.g. the layer number in multi layer media. Two Sync Frames with unique patterns (see 15.3.2). The above ADIP information is organized within each Data Sector as shown on Figure 15.a and 15.b.

Par Par Par S2 Par Par Par T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word LZS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 bits 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 28 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 wobbles

3 MS

3 LS

3 MS

3 LS

3 MS

3 LS 5 4

Figure 15.a — ADIP layout for Type WORM media.

- 42 -

Sector number

Zone number Layer number

Par Par Par S2 Par Par Par T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word T&S-word LZS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 bits 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 wobbles

3 MS

3 LS

3 MS

3 LS

3 MS

3 LS 5 4

Sector number

Zone number Layer number

Figure 15.b — ADIP layout for Type RW media.

The first row shows the function of a field. The second row shows the number of address-bits per frame. The third row shows the number of wobble-cycles per frame. The T&S-word contains 13 bits for the Track number and 3 bits for the Sector number. The LZS number contains 3 bits for the Sector number, 5 bits for the Zone number and 4 bits for the Layer number (or other future purposes). The only difference between Types WORM and RW is in the length of the two Sync Frames. This minor difference is necessary to facilitate the different Data Sector lengths in Channel-bits for the two media types. This results in a different number of wobble periods per Sector: WORM: 984 RW: 988 15.2.1

Zone Number The Zone number is in bits 3–7 of the LZS number. The Zone Number may also be determined by the wobble-PLL, by means of a frequency measurement, thus providing two independent sources of information about the actual Zone Number.

15.2.2

Track Number Bits 0–12 of the T&S-word have been allocated for the Track Number that starts at 0000 at the outer radius of each Data Zone. The Track Number is repeated 5 times in each Sector, such that 2 defective Track Numbers still leave a majority (3) of good matching Track Numbers for positive qualification.

15.2.3

Sector Number The 6-bits Sector Number (0–63) is split into multiple copies of MS and LS groups. These MS and LS groups are contained in the upper 3 bits of the five T&S-words. One LS-group is in bits 0–2 of the LZS number.

15.2.4

Parity generation The parity nibbles (Par) are computed with the “checksum” method. The hexadecimal values of the address nibbles are summed and then truncated to the 4 least significant bits. Examples: Address value (10D7)

Checksum (= 1 + 0 + D + 7 = 15)

Parity value (5)

(0064)

(= 0 + 0 + 6 + 4 = 0A)

(A)

- 43 -

15.3

Wobble Amplitude modulation for ADIP (WAMFA) The wobble of the pregroove is used to store address information. A Phase Lock Loop locks to this wobble for write/read synchronization purposes. In order to provide address information, some of the wobbles have inverted polarity (See Figure 16). The latter are labelled IW (inverted wobble) while normal wobbles are labelled NW.

Tw NW amplitude

Figure 16 — Inverted wobbles (IW) and Normal wobbles (NW)

Positive signal corresponds to a radial deviation towards the outer radius.

15.3.1

W A M F A c o n ve r s i o n t a b l e c o d e The location of the IW translates into 4 bits (1 Nibble) of address information for the PBA. An Address Frame is defined as a group of consecutive NW’s with one IW. The Frame-length may be longer than the number of wobbles required for the encoding of 1 Nibble. Each Nibble of Address information (0–F) converts to one Inverted Wobble (IW) at a specific location within each Address Frame, as shown in Table 6. Normal Wobbles (NW’s) are represented by blank cells. Each Address Frame contains 32 wobbles. Table 6 — Conversion table for the WAMFA code

Nibble value

Wobble number 0

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

15.3.2

W A M F A s yn c h r o n i z a t i o n Synchronization is established with Sync-Frames that contain two IW’s separated by a unique distance. Each Data-Sector shall contain two such Sync-Frames. Table 7 — Sync-Frames for Type WORM media Wobble number 0

Sync1 Sync2

13 IW

- 44 -

Table 8 — Sync-Frames for Type RW media Wobble number 0

Sync1 Sync2

15.4

IW IW

Phase-shifted wobbles The 90° wobble-phase shift as specified in 14.2 results in the situation as shown in the Figure 17 (wobbles adjacent on the two sides of the NW’s have opposite phase).

Figure 17 — Wobbles on adjacent tracks with 90° phase-shift

16 16.1

Sector layout for recorded data Sector layout for recorded data Data shall be recorded within the space of a preformatted Sector as shown in Tables 9, 10, and Figures 18, 19. Table 9 — Sector layout for Type WORM media Channel bits VAP-GAP

780

Preamble

648

Sync field

Training field

Resync fields

3 024

Recover Burst 0

228

Recover Burst 1

228

Data + ECC (9 424 bytes)

113 088

Postamble

Total Sector

118 080

- 45 -

780T

648T

VAP GAP (6T)

Resync 2

Recover Burst 0 19 bytes Recover Burst 1 19 bytes

Data Frame 1 Data Frame 2 Data Frame 3

Resync 3

R E S Y N C + T R A I N I N G

Data + Control + CRC + ECC 9 424 bytes 152 bytes

Data Frame 61

Resync 61 Resync 62

48T

SYNC Training

Data Frame 0

Resync 0 Resync 1

24T

Preamble (4T)

Figure 18 — Sector format for Type WORM media

Table 10 — Sector layout for Type RW media Channel bits Guard field 1

496

Preamble

852

Sync field

Training field

Resync fields

3 072

Recover Burst 0

228

Recover Burst 1

228

Data + ECC (9 424 bytes)

113 088

Postamble

Guard field 2

256

SPS Allocation

256

Total Sector

118 560

- 46 -

SPS 256T 496T

Guard Field 1

Resync 2

Data Frame 1 Data Frame 2 Data Frame 3

Data + Control + CRC + ECC

R E S Y N C + T R A I N I N G

9 424 bytes 152 bytes

Data Frame 61

Resync 61

48T

Training

Recover Burst 0 19 bytes Recover Burst 1 19 bytes

Resync 3

Resync 62

24T

SYNC

Data Frame 0

Resync 0 Resync 1

852T

Preamble

PA Guard Field 2 12T

256T

SPS

Figure 19 — Sector format for Type RW media

16.2

Guard fields There shall be two Guard fields in each Sector of Type RW media. These fields are not included for Sectors of Type WORM media. Guard field 1 has a length of 492 Channel bits. Guard field 2 has a length of 256 Channel bits. The Guard fields shall be written with a fixed tone of 2T runs. The contents of the Guard fields shall be ignored in interchange.

16.3

Gap and VAP flag There is a small gap between recorded Sectors. When the drives are writing long extents (i.e. multiple consecutive Sectors), these gaps allow periodic Read-Power measurements and control.

16.3.1

T yp e W O R M m e d i a For Type WORM media the gap length is specified in Table 9. On Type WORM media the gaps are filled with the Verify And Protect (VAP) flags during the Verify Pass. A recorded VAP flag contains a tone of 6T runs.

- 47 -

During writing the presence of a VAP flag tells the drive that a Sector has been previously written and verified. This protects Sectors from accidental over-writing on Type WORM media. Prior to writing any data to a Sector the gap in front of the Preamble is checked for the presence of a VAP flag. If the VAP flag is detected then the write of the Sector is terminated before the start of the Preamble. Essentially the write is then cancelled. 16.3.2

16.4

T yp e R W m e d i a On Type RW media the gap is provided by the SPS allocation (See Table 10 and 16.8). It should be noted that there may not be a gap between Sectors of different write-extents. However, the Guard fields ensure that there is never an issue with unintentionally overwritten data due to jitter of the Wobble PLL.

Preamble Each Data Sector has a preamble that allows the drive to set up some Read-Channel settings before the RLL(1,7) encoded data arrives. The preamble shall be written by the drive when data is recorded in the Sector. The Preamble pattern is a tone of 4T runs. The Preamble length is specified in Tables 9 and 10.

16.5

Sync field The Sync field is intended for the drive to obtain byte synchronization for the following Data field. For this purpose it has a unique Channel bit pattern with three consecutive 8T runs. The Sync field has a length of 24 Channel bits and shall be recorded with the following Channel bits: 100000001000000010000000 where 1 is a transition from mark to space or vice-versa. The 8T-8T-8T pattern does not occur in RLL(1,7) encoded data.

16.6

Viterbi Training field (VTF) The Viterbi Training field contains 3T and 2T runs for the purpose of initializing the Viterbi Target levels. The VTF has a length of 48T with the following Channel bits: 100000100000101010101010001000100010001010101010 where 1 is a transition from mark to space or vice-versa. SYNC Detect on 36T

VITERBI TRAINING 48T

Preamble 4T

Figure 20 — Runlengths in Sync field and Viterbi Training field

16.7

Data field The Data field is intended for recording user data. It shall consist of 9 424 bytes: 8 192 user bytes 1 232 bytes for Control, CRC, ECC (see Annex G for coding and interleave) All the above bytes shall be scrambled in accordance with Annex K. The Data field shall be encoded into RLL(1,7) code as specified in 17.1. The Data field shall be decoded from RLL(1,7) code as specified in 17.2. Utility fields shall be ignored by encoder and decoder.

- 48 -

16.7.1

Recording Sequence for Data field The elements of the Data field shall be recorded on the disk according to the sequence below immediately following the first Reference field, with Resync fields and Reference fields inserted as specified in 16.1. Bytes 0–8 191:

User Data bytes

Bytes 8 192–8 203:

Control bytes

Bytes 8 204–8 207:

CRC bytes

Bytes 8 208–9 423:

ECC bytes

16.7.2

U s e r D a t a b yt e s These bytes are at the disposal of the user for recording information. There are 8 192 such bytes per Sector.

16.7.3

C R C a n d E C C b yt e s The Cyclic Redundancy Code bytes and Error Correction Code bytes are used by the error detection and correction system to rectify erroneous data. The ECC is a Reed-Solomon code of degree 32. The computation of the check bytes of the CRC and ECC shall be as specified in Annex G.

16.7.4

C o n t r o l b yt e s There shall be 12 Control bytes written after the User Data bytes. The first 4 bytes (P1) shall be recorded with the 4 bytes Logical Block Address (LBA) of the Sector. The second 4 bytes (P2) shall be recorded with the 4 bytes Physical Block Address (PBA) from the ID field of the Sector. The remaining 4 bytes (P3) shall be recorded with the 4 bytes Drive Information Record (DIR). The Drive Information Record shall be used as specified in Annex H.

16.7.5

R e s yn c f i e l d s The Resync fields are utility fields to enable a drive to regain byte synchronization after a large defect that may have caused bit-slip in the Read Channel. The Resync fields shall be inserted among the rest of the bytes of the Data field as specified in section 6.1. The length of the Resync field shall be 48 Channel bits. Resync Pattern

X0001000000010000000100010001000101010101000100Z

where 1 is a transition from mark to space or from space to mark. Rules for the first bit X:

X = 1 if preceding Channel bit is 0, else X = 0

Rules for the last bit Z:

Z = 1 if following Channel bit is 0, else Z = 0

The 8T-8T pattern does not occur in encoded RLL data. The 2T runs and some of the 4T runs are used for Viterbi training in case bit-slip occurs in a Sector. Resync field 48T nT

2T 2T 2T 2T

used for Resync 32T Resync field 48T nT

used for Resync 32T

Figure 21 — Runlengths of the Resync field for different data bits - 49 -

16.7.6

16.8

Postamble field (PA) The PA field shall have a nominal length of 12 Channel bits, which shall be used for RLL(1,7) closure. This field shall be encoded with the data byte (FFh).

SPS allocation This applies to Type RW media only. Variable SPS (Start Position Shift) shall be determined using the SPS random signal generator in the drives. The purpose of the SPS is to vary the physical location of data written to the same Sector on subsequent rewrites. This extends the number of rewrite cycles for rewritable Phase Change layers. SPS randomly varies between 0 and 255. When SPS is 0 then the writing starts at the first Channel bit of the Sector and stops 255 Channel bits before the end of the allocated space for a Data Sector, not including the allocated Gap between Data Sectors. When SPS is 255 then the writing starts at the Channel bit number 255 of the Sector and stops right at the end of the allocated space for a data Sector, not including the gap between data Sectors. When writing extents the SPS value is kept the same for all Sectors of the extent. This creates a fixed gap-size between the Sectors of the extent. A possible implementation of a SPS generator is given in Annex S.

17 17.1

Recording code RLL(1,7) encoding The recording shall use a “Mark Edge Recording” method as specified hereafter. In the two tables below a Channel bit of ONE represents the edge between a mark and a space or a space and a mark. The recording code used to record all data in the data fields of the disk shall be a run-length limited code known as RLL(1,7). However, in order to limit the consecutive number of 2T runs to 5, the last row in the tables show a special encode/decode condition. Group A, B and C differentiate between the three different numbers of bits that are converted. All utility fields in the Data field have already been defined in terms of Channel bits. Table 11 — Encoding of input bits to Channel bits RLL (1,7) ENCODER Preceding Channel bit

Input bits

Channel bits

Group

0 1 X 0 1

01 01 10 11 11

100 000 010 101 001

A A A A A

0 1 0 1 X X

0001 0001 0010 0010 0011 0000

100001 000001 100000 000000 010001 010000

B B B B B B

101110

010000001

The coding shall start at the first bit of the first byte of the field to be converted. The preceding Channel bit to the first byte is assumed to be ZERO. - 50 -

Basically two input bits translate into three Channel bits (group A). However, if the two input bits are ZERO ZERO, then the next two input bits are also evaluated, and the four input bits translate into six Channel bits (group B). In order to prevent more than 5 consecutive 2T runs an exception is made for a data pattern of 101110 (group C). Resync and Reference fields shall be ignored for encoding of the input data. Resync and Reference fields must be inserted into the Channel bit data at the proper locations after encoding. The insertion of the Resync and Reference fields does not affect closure of the RLL(1,7) encoded data. Closure of the last data byte in each Sector occurs in the Postamble (PA) field. Drives shall employ write strategies that are optimized for each recording layer stack. These write strategies are tuned for each layer such that the signal characteristics, as specified in the Standard, are satisfied.

17.2

RLL(1,7) decoding Table 12 — Decoding of Channel bits to information bits RLL (1,7) DECODER Preceding Channel bit

Current Channel bit

Following Channel bit

Information bits

Group

X 1 X 1 X

010 000 100 001 101

01 or 10 01 or 10 01 or 10 X X

10 01 01 11 11

A A A A A

X X X 1 X 1

010000 010001 100000 000000 100001 000001

01 or 10

0000 0011 0010 0010 0001 0001

B B B B B B

010000001

101110

Resync and Reference fields shall be ignored for decoding of channel data. All Resync and Reference bits must be removed from the channel data prior to decoding.

18 18.1

Synchronization of Preformatted and Recorded Sectors Synchronization of Type WORM media

Wobble number N in each Sector 120 T

WO media

VAP field

6T - 6T

Figure 22 — Start of a WORM Data Sector - 51 -

Preamble

4T - 4T

SYNC

18.2

Synchronization of Type RW media

Wobble number N in each Sector

120 T

RW media Guard field 1

2T - 2T

Preamble

Guard field 1

SPS = 0

SPS = 255 T

2T - 2T

4T - 4T

Preamble

SYNC

4T - 4T

The entire sector is tied to the SPS

Figure 23 — Start of a RW Data Sector with variable SPS

19 19.1

Logical Format Logical Format Layout The logical format shall have the layout shown on Tables 13, 14 for Type WORM media and Tables 15, 16 for Type RW media.

- 52 -

SYNC

Table 13 — Logical format of Type WORM media, Zones 0–11 WORM Lead-in band User band Outer MFR band Outer RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band Outer WPC band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band SDI1 DDS1 DMA User band PDL3 SDI2 DDS2 Inner guard band

Zone Numbe 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Numbers of Tracks 937 2 087 50 5 4 3 633 3 846 4 3 4 454 4 3 4 429 4 3 4 404 4 3 4 379 4 3 4 354 4 3 4 330 4 3 3 945 4 3 3 940 4 3 3 934 4 3 1 1 2 000 1 917 8 1 1 4

Sectors Number of Start Track End Track per Tracks Sectors 49 45 913 0 936 49 102 263 937 3 023 49 2 450 3 024 3 073 49 245 3 074 3 078 49 196 3 079 3 082 48 144 0 2 48 30 384 3 635 48 184 608 636 4 481 48 192 4 482 4 485 47 141 0 2 47 209 338 3 4 456 47 188 4 457 4 460 46 138 0 2 46 203 734 3 4 431 46 184 4 432 4 435 45 135 0 2 45 198 180 3 4 406 45 180 4 407 4 410 44 132 0 2 44 192 676 3 4 831 44 176 4 382 4 385 43 129 0 2 43 187 222 3 4 356 43 172 4 357 4 360 42 126 0 2 42 181 860 3 4 332 42 168 4 333 4 336 41 123 0 2 41 161 745 3 3 947 41 164 3 948 3 951 40 120 0 2 40 157 600 3 3 942 40 160 3 943 3 946 39 117 0 2 39 153 426 3 3 936 39 156 3 937 3 940 38 114 0 2 38 38 3 3 38 38 4 4 38 76 000 5 2 004 38 72 846 2 005 3 921 38 304 3 922 3 929 38 38 3 930 3 930 38 38 3 931 3 931 38 152 3 922 3 925

- 53 -

Start PBA

End PBA

0 45 913 148 176 150 626 150 871 524 288 524 432 554 816 739 424 1 048 576 1 048 717 1 258 055 1 572 864 1 573 002 1 776 736 2 097 152 2 097 287 2 295 467 2 621 440 2 621 572 2 814 248 3 145 728 3 145 857 3 333 079 3 670 016 3 670 142 3 852 002 4 194 304 4 194 427 4 356 172 4 718 592 4 718 712 4 876 312 5 242 880 5 242 997 5 396 423 5 767 168 5 767 282 5 767 320 5 767 358 5 843 358 5 916 204 5 916 508 5 916 546 5 916 584

45 912 148 175 150 625 150 870 151 066 524 431 554 815 739 423 739 615 1 048 716 1 258 054 1 258 242 1 573 001 1 776 735 1 776 919 2 097 286 2 295 466 2 295 646 2 621 571 2 814 247 2 814 423 3 145 856 3 333 078 3 333 250 3 670 141 3 852 001 3 852 169 4 194 326 4 356 171 4 356 335 4 718 711 4 876 311 4 876 471 5 242 996 5 396 422 5 396 578 5 767 281 5 767 319 5 767 357 5 843 357 5 916 203 5 916 507 5 916 545 5 916 583 5 916 735

Table 14 — Logical format of Type WORM media, Zones 12–26 WORM Outer guard band Middle WPC band User band Middle MFR band Middle RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band Inner WPC band User band Inner MFR band Inner RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Lead-out band

Zone Numbe 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26

Numbers of Tracks 3 820 3 048 50 5 4 3 3 918 4 3 3 912 4 3 3 907 4 3 3 901 4 3 3 896 4 3 3 890 4 3 3 885 4 3 3 880 4 3 3 874 4 3 3 869 4 3 3 863 4 3 3 858 4 3 1 265 2 533 50 5 4 3 2 913 5 621

Sectors Number of Start Track End Track per Tracks Sectors 37 111 0 2 37 30 340 3 822 37 112 776 823 3 870 37 1 850 3 871 3 920 37 185 3 921 3 925 37 148 3 926 3 929 36 108 0 2 36 141 048 3 3 920 36 144 3 921 3 924 35 105 0 2 35 136 920 3 3 914 35 140 3 915 3 918 34 102 0 2 34 132 838 3 3 909 34 136 3 910 3 913 33 99 0 2 33 128 733 3 3 903 33 132 3 904 3 907 32 96 0 2 32 124 672 3 3 898 32 128 3 899 3 902 31 93 0 2 31 120 590 3 3 892 31 124 3 893 3 896 30 90 0 2 30 116 550 3 3 887 30 120 3 888 3 891 29 87 0 2 29 112 520 3 3 882 29 116 3 883 3 886 28 84 0 2 28 108 472 3 3 876 28 112 3 877 3 880 27 81 0 2 27 104 463 3 3 871 27 108 3 872 3 875 26 78 0 2 26 100 438 3 3 865 26 104 3 866 3 869 25 75 0 2 25 96 450 3 3 860 25 100 3 861 3 864 24 72 0 2 24 30 360 3 1 267 24 60 792 1 268 3 800 24 1 200 3 801 3 850 24 120 3 851 3 855 24 96 3 856 3 859 23 69 0 2 23 65 999 3 2 915 23 129 283 2 916 8 536

- 54 -

Start PBA

End PBA

6 291 456 6 291 567 6 321 907 6 434 683 6 436 533 6 436 718 6 815 744 6 815 852 6 956 900 7 340 032 7 340 137 7 477 057 7 864 320 7 864 422 7 997 260 8 388 608 8 388 707 8 517 440 8 912 896 8 912 992 9 037 664 9 437 184 9 437 277 9 557 867 9 961 472 9 961 562 10 078 10 485 10 485 10 598 11 010 11 010 11 118 11 534 11 534 11 638 12 058 12 058 12 159 12 582 12 582 12 679 13 107 13 107 13 137 13 198 13 199 13 199 13 631 13 631 13 698

6 291 566 6 321 906 6 434 682 6 436 532 6 436 717 6 436 865 6 815 851 6 956 899 6 957 043 7 340 136 7 477 056 7 477 196 7 864 421 7 997 259 7 997 395 8 388 706 8 517 439 8 517 571 8 912 991 9 037 663 9 037 791 9 437 276 9 557 866 9 557 990 9 961 561 10 078 10 078 10 485 10 598 10 598 11 010 11 118 11 118 11 534 11 638 11 638 12 058 12 159 12 159 12 582 12 679 12 679 13 107 13 137 13 198 13 199 13 199 13 199 13 631 13 698 13 827

Table 15 — Logical format of Type RW media, Zones 0–11 RW Lead-in band User band Outer MFR band Outer RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band Outer WPC band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band SDI1 DDS1 DMA User band PDL3 SDI2 DDS2 Inner guard band

Zone Numbe 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Numbers of Tracks 857 2 234 50 5 4 3 53 4 582 4 3 4 579 4 3 4 523 4 3 4 468 4 3 4 413 4 3 4 359 4 3 4 305 4 3 4 252 4 3 3 370 4 3 3 364 4 3 1 1 1 877 1 469 8 1 1 4

Sectors Number of Start Track End Track per Tracks Sectors 51 43 707 0 856 51 113 934 857 3 090 51 2 550 3 091 3 140 51 255 3 141 3 145 51 204 3 146 3 149 50 150 0 2 50 2 650 3 55 50 229 100 56 4 637 50 200 4 638 4 641 49 147 0 2 49 224 371 3 4 581 49 196 4 582 4 585 48 144 0 2 48 217 104 3 4 525 48 192 4 526 4 529 47 141 0 2 47 209 996 3 4 470 47 188 4 471 4 474 46 138 0 2 46 202 998 3 4 415 46 184 4 416 4 419 45 135 0 2 45 196 155 3 4 361 45 180 4 362 4 365 44 132 0 2 44 189 420 3 4 307 44 176 4 308 4 311 43 129 0 2 43 182 836 3 4 254 43 172 4 255 4 258 42 126 0 2 42 141 540 3 3 372 42 168 3 373 3 376 41 123 0 2 41 137 924 3 3 366 41 164 3 367 3 370 40 120 0 2 40 40 3 3 40 40 4 4 40 75 080 5 1 881 40 58 760 1 882 3 350 40 320 3 351 3 358 40 40 3 359 3 359 40 40 3 360 3 360 40 160 3 351 3 354

- 55 -

Start PBA

End PBA

0 43 707 157 641 160 191 160 446 524 288 524 438 527 088 756 188 1 048 576 1 048 723 1 273 094 1 572 864 1 573 008 1 790 112 2 097 152 2 097 293 2 307 289 2 621 440 2 621 578 2 824 576 3 145 728 3 145 863 3 342 018 3 670 016 3 670 148 3 859 568 4 194 304 4 194 433 4 377 269 4 718 592 4 718 718 4 860 258 5 242 880 5 243 003 5 380 927 5 767 168 5 767 288 5 767 328 5 767 368 5 842 448 5 901 208 5 901 528 5 901 568 5 901 608

43 706 157 640 160 190 160 445 160 649 524 437 527 087 756 187 756 387 1 048 722 1 273 093 1 273 289 1 573 007 1 790 111 1 790 303 2 097 292 2 307 288 2 307 476 2 621 577 2 824 575 2 824 759 3 145 862 3 342 017 3 342 197 3 670 147 3 859 567 3 859 743 4 194 432 4 377 268 4 377 440 4 718 717 4 860 257 4 860 425 5 243 002 5 380 926 5 381 090 5 767 287 5 767 327 5 767 367 5 842 447 5 901 207 5 901 527 5 901 567 5 901 607 5 901 767

Table 16 — Logical format of Type RW media, Zones 12–26 RW Outer guard band Middle WPC band User band Middle MFR band Middle RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Inner guard band Outer guard band Inner WPC band User band Inner MFR band Inner RFO band Inner guard band Outer guard band User band Lead-out band

Zone Numbe 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26

Numbers of Tracks 3 67 3 229 50 5 4 3 3 345 4 3 3 339 4 3 3 333 4 3 3 327 4 3 3 321 4 3 3 315 4 3 3 309 4 3 3 303 4 3 3 297 4 3 3 291 4 3 3 285 4 3 3 279 4 3 100 3 117 50 5 4 3 2 643 5 143

Sectors Number of Start Track End Track per Tracks Sectors 39 117 0 2 39 2 613 3 69 39 125 931 70 3 298 39 1 950 3 299 3 348 39 195 3 349 3 353 39 156 3 354 3 357 38 114 0 2 38 127 110 3 3 347 38 152 3 348 3 351 37 111 0 2 37 123 543 3 3 341 37 148 3 342 3 345 36 108 0 2 36 119 988 3 3 335 36 144 3 336 3 339 35 105 0 2 35 116 445 3 3 329 35 140 3 330 3 333 34 102 0 2 34 112 914 3 3 323 34 136 3 324 3 327 33 99 0 2 33 109 395 3 3 317 33 132 3 318 3 321 32 96 0 2 32 105 888 3 3 311 32 128 3 312 3 315 31 93 0 2 31 102 393 3 3 305 31 124 3 306 3 309 30 90 0 2 30 98 910 3 3 299 30 120 3 300 3 303 29 87 0 2 29 95 439 3 3 293 29 116 3 294 3 297 28 84 0 2 28 91 980 3 3 287 28 112 3 288 3 291 27 81 0 2 27 88 533 3 3 281 27 108 3 282 3 285 26 78 0 2 26 2 600 3 102 26 81 042 103 3 219 26 1 300 3 220 3 269 26 130 3 270 3 274 26 104 3 275 3 278 25 75 0 2 25 66 075 3 2 645 25 128 575 2 646 7 788

- 56 -

Start PBA

End PBA

6 291 456 6 291 573 6 294 186 6 420 117 6 422 067 6 422 262 6 815 744 6 815 858 6 942 968 7 340 032 7 340 143 7 463 686 7 864 320 7 864 428 7 984 416 8 388 608 8 388 713 8 505 158 8 912 896 8 912 998 9 025 912 9 437 184 9 437 283 9 546 678 9 961 472 9 961 568 10 067 10 485 10 485 10 588 11 010 11 010 11 109 11 534 11 534 11 629 12 058 12 058 12 150 12 582 12 582 12 671 13 107 13 107 13 109 13 190 13 192 13 192 13 631 13 631 13 697

6 291 572 6 294 185 6 420 116 6 422 066 6 422 261 6 422 417 6 815 857 6 942 967 6 943 119 7 340 142 7 463 685 7 463 833 7 864 427 7 984 415 7 984 559 8 388 712 8 505 157 8 505 297 8 912 997 9 025 911 9 026 047 9 437 282 9 546 677 9 546 809 9 961 567 10 067 10 067 10 485 10 588 10 588 11 010 11 109 11 109 11 534 11 629 11 629 12 058 12 150 12 150 12 582 12 671 12 671 13 107 13 109 13 190 13 192 13 192 13 192 13 631 13 697 13 826

19.2

Logical Format Layout

19.2.1

Lead-in band The Lead-in band shall be used for positioning purposes only. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location.

19.2.2

Manufacturer (MFR) Test bands There shall be an Outer, Middle, and Inner Manufacturer Test band on each side of the disk. They are provided to allow the media manufacturers to perform tests on the disk, including read and write calibration operations, in areas located away from that intended for user recorded information. The Sectors contained in the Manufacturer Test bands may be used at the discretion of the media manufacturer. They are intended for quality tests by the media manufacturer and should not be used by drives.

19.2.3

Read Focus Offset (RFO) bands There shall be Outer, Middle, and Inner Read Focus Offset bands on each side of the disk. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location. They allow drives to adjust the focus offset to the optimal read conditions for the current disk and for the current environmental conditions. The Read Focus Offset bands shall be recorded by the media manufacturer, and shall not be written or modified by the drive system. The recorded data marks shall satisfy the requirements specified in Clause 25. All Read Focus Offset Sectors shall contain random data patterns.

19.2.4

Write Power Calibration (WPC) bands There shall be an Outer, Middle, and Inner Write Power Calibration band on each side of the disk. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location. They are provided for drives to optimize their write power and should not be used by media manufacturers. For Type RW media, the Tracks and Sectors used for testing should be chosen from the Write Calibration band in a random way, so as to ensure a gradual degradation of the entire Write Power Calibration band due to use. Then each Track in this band will remain representative for the characteristics of the tracks in the User bands of the disk. For Type WORM media, the Sectors should be used sequentially until depleted, at which point the disk becomes a read-only disk.

19.2.5

Specific Disk Information (SDI) Tracks The two SDI Tracks on each side of the disk, SDI-1 and SDI-2, See Tables 13 and 14 for location; shall be used for recording Specific Disk Information. These SDI Tracks shall each consist of Sectors recorded by the same modulation method and format as is used in the User bands. SDI Sectors shall not be remapped to alternate locations. Both of the SDI Tracks shall be recorded by the media manufacturer, and shall not be written or modified by the drive system. The SDI Tracks shall initially be recorded only in every fourth Sector. The media manufacturer may use the three unrecorded Sectors between the recorded Sectors to allow for amendments of the SDI data. Up to three amendments to the SDI can be made. The SDI Sectors for each amend shall contain identical information, as defined in Annex I. The disk drive system shall use the latest amended SDI data, as determined by the Sectors that have been written. The initial SDI shall be written in Sectors 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32. Amend 1 shall be written in Sectors 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33. Amend 2 shall be written in Sectors 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34. Amend 3 shall be written in Sectors 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35.

- 57 -

SDI Sectors shall be recorded with the four LBA Control bytes (P1) set as follows: LBA = PBA + 80000000h. 19.2.6

Disk Definition Structure (DDS) bands The two DDS bands on each side of the disk, Outer DDS band and Inner DDS band, shall be used for recording the Disk Definition Structure. The Outer and Inner DDS bands shall each consist of Sectors recorded by the same modulation method and format as is used in the User Zone. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed numbers and location for detailed length and location. The media manufacturer shall record both of the DDS bands during the disk certification process For Type RW media, the DDS shall be rewritten by the drive system during a format process. For Type WORM media, the DDS shall not be written or modified by the drive system after disk format. The DDS bands shall initially be recorded only in every fourth Sector, as shown hereafter. The media manufacturer may use the three unrecorded Sectors between the recorded Sectors to allow for amendment of the DDS data. Up to three amendments to the DDS can be made. The DDS Sectors for each amend shall contain identical information. The disk drive system shall use the latest amended DDS data, as determined by the Sectors that have been written. The initial DDS shall be written in Sectors 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32. Amend 1 shall be written in Sectors 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33. Amend 2 shall be written in Sectors 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34. Amend 3 shall be written in Sectors 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35. DDS Sectors shall be recorded with the four LBA Control bytes (P1) set as follows: LBA = PBA + 80000000h. DDS Sectors shall not be remapped to alternate locations. The DDS Sectors shall be recorded with data bytes as specified in 20.5.

19.2.7

PDL3 band The PDL3 band shall be used to record a redundant version of the two Primary Defect Lists (PDL1 and PDL2) that are contained in the Defect Management Area. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location of PDL3 band.

19.2.8

User bands The Data fields in the User bands are reserved for user written data. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location. See Clauses 20 and 21 for a detailed layout of the User bands and the Defect Management Area.

19.2.9

Lead-out band The Lead-out band shall be used for positioning purposes only. See Tables 13 and 14 for detailed length and location.

20 20.1

Layout of the User bands General Description of the User bands The total data capacity of the User bands specified in 19.2.8 is just over 30 Gbytes per side for both Type RW and Type WORM disks.

- 58 -

20.2

Divisions of the User tracks The User tracks shall be divided into zones as a result of the ZCAV organization of the disk. There shall be 27 Data Zones numbered 0 to 26, both on WORM and RW media.

20.3

User Area The Data fields in the User Area are intended for recording of the user data. The User Area shall consist of either: a Rewritable Zone (Type RW media), or a Write Once Read Many Zone (Type WORM media). The User Area shall include one Defect Management Area (DMA). The DMA shall be located in User Zone 11, and shall consist of a contiguous block of PBA numbers. The User Area and DMA shall include only the PBA numbers specified in the tables of 19.1.

20.4

Defect Management Area (DMA) The DMA is used to manage media defects found during initialization as well as defects found dynamically during user writes to the disk. The DMA shall be divided into the follow sub-areas: Primary Defect List 1 (PDL1) Area, Secondary Defect List (SDL) Area, Primary Spares Area (PSA), Secondary Spares Area (SSA), the SDL Duplicate Pages (SDLDP) Area, and Primary Defect List 2 (PDL2) Area. Each sub-area shall immediately follow the preceding one except for PSA, SSA, and SDLDP Areas that shall be preceded by a 1 Sector pad.

20.4.1

Primary Defect List (PDL) Area The PDL Area shall store in the PDL Pages the list of defective Sectors found during media certification (see 21.4). Three copies of the PDL (PDL1, PDL2, and PDL3) shall be written at media initialization time. The redundant copies shall be used for recovery should any PDL Sector become damaged. The size of PDL1 shall be established when it is written and shall be the actual number of Sectors used (both good and bad) in writing the PDL. At least 1 Sector shall be used for PDL1. The size of PDL2 shall be: 2 * Rounded up (Number of Primary Defects / Number of Entries per PDL Page). The size of the PDL2 Area accommodates twice the number of PDL Pages required for the Primary Defect List, in the event that some Sectors in this area may be defective. If certification is not performed, or no defective Sectors are found during certification, 1 Sector shall be used for PDL2. The PDL3 Area is not part of the DMA. PDL3 is recorded in a dedicated area located near the inner diameter of Zone 11.

20.4.2

Secondary Defect List (SDL) Area The SDL Area shall store in the SDL Pages the list of defective Sectors found during user data writes (see 21.5). The size of the SDL Area shall be: 2 * Rounded up[(DMA Size - PDL1 Size - PDL2 Size - Estimated PSA Size - Pad Sectors) / Maximum Entries per SDL Page]. The size of the SDL Area accommodates twice the number of SDL Pages required for the number of Sectors remaining in the SSA, in the event that some Sectors in this area may be defective. For Type WORM media, a new SDL Page is recorded after each group of 250 Sectors (typical) has been written into the SSA. - 59 -

The complete Secondary Defect List shall be determined by reading the SDL Area and also scanning the SSA for any Sectors that have not yet been recorded into an SDL Page. 20.4.3

SDL Duplicate Pages (SDLDP) Area The SDLDP Area shall store a copy of the content of the SDL for recovery in the case of damaged SDL Sectors. The SDLDP Area size shall be equal to the SDL Area size.

20.4.4

Primary Spares Area (PSA) The PSA shall contain Sectors that are slipped due to defects found during media certification. The PSA size shall be equal to the number of primary defects in the User bands and the PSA. The estimated PSA size shall be defined as the number of Sectors required to relocate the primary defects in the User bands. The actual PSA size shall be increased by 1 Sector for each primary defect in the PSA. In the event that there are no primary defects in the User bands, 1 Sector shall be used for the PSA.

20.4.5

Secondary Spares Area (SSA) The SSA shall contain Sectors automatically relocated during writing (See Table 17). The SSA size shall be equal to the size of the DMA minus the size of all other sub-areas and the pad Sectors. Table 17 — Defect Management Area layout Location Start PBA =

Contents

(1)

PDL1

SDL

(2)

Pad Sector

(Defect Management Area)

At least 1 Sector shall be used. 2 * Rounded up [(DMA Size - PDL1 Size PDL2 Size - Estimated PSA Size - 3 Pad Sectors) / Maximum Entries per SDL Page] 1 PBA

PSA

PSA = Number of defective Sectors found in Zones and PSA during initialization.

Pad Sector

At least 1 Sector is used for the PSA area. 1 PBA

(2)

DMA

Reserved Area Size Actual number of Sectors used in writing PDL.

(2)

SSA

Pad Sector (2)

SDLMP PDL2

(2)

DMA Size - All other constructs and pad Sectors within DMA 1 PBA Same size as SDL 2 * Rounded up (Number of Primary Defects / Number of Entries per PDL Page). At least 1 Sector shall be used.

NOTE 1 This area has the indicated dedicated PBA area on the disk. The actual start PBA of valid data for this area however, is indicated in the DDS. The start PBA in this table and the start PBA given in the DDS may be different as an error could occur in writing the first PBA(s) in this area, such that the first PBA(s) are not valid. The DDS structure points to the first valid (“good”) PBA in this area. NOTE 2 The actual Start and End PBAs for the structures are recorded in DDS and may differ from the reserved spaces listed above.

- 60 -

20.5

Disk Definition Structure (DDS) The DDS shall consist of a table with a length of 1 Sector. It specifies the location of the defect management entities, provides information about the drive that wrote it, and provides information concerning Secondary Defect List (SDL) page handling. The DDS shall be recorded as specified in 19.2.6. Table 18 specifies the format of a DDS Sector. Table 18 — DDS Sector format Byte

Contents

0–1

DDS Identifier (A5A5h)

DDS Format Revision

3–10

Vendor Identification (MSB–LSB)(ASCII)

11–26

Product Identification (MSB–LSB)(ASCII)

27–30

Product Revision Level (MSB–LSB)(ASCII)

31–34

Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB)

35–38

Start of PDL1 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

39–42

End of PDL1 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

PDL1 Valid Flag

44–59

PDL1 Good Sector Bitmap

60–63

Start of SDL (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

64–67

End of SDL (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

68–69

Maximum Entries per SDL Page (MSB–LSB)

70–73

Start of Primary Spares (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

74–77

End of Primary Spares (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

78–81

Start of Secondary Spares (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

82–85

End of Secondary Spares (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

86–89

Start of PDL2 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

90–93

End of PDL2 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

PDL2 Valid Flag

95–110

PDL2 Good Sector Bitmap

111–114

Start of SDL Duplicate Pages (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

115–118

End of SDL Duplicate Pages (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

119–122

Start of PDL3 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

123–126

End of PDL3 (MSB–LSB)(PBA)

127

PDL3 Valid Flag

128–143

PDL3 Good Sector Bitmap

144–145

Disk Reformat Count (MSB–LSB)

146–147

Host Sector Size (MSB–LSB)

148

Format In Progress Flag

149–8 189

Unspecified

8 190–8 191

DDS CRC (MSB–LSB)

- 61 -

The DDS Format Revision, Vendor Identification, Product Identification, Product Revision, and Drive Serial Number fields shall contain implementation specific information that is ignored for the purposes of interchange. The Start of PDL X fields shall contain the PBA of the first good block in the corresponding PDL. In the event that the first page of a PDL set cannot be written, (7FFFFFFFh) shall be used, as the starting PBA and the Valid Flag shall be set to 0. The End of PDL X fields shall contain the PBA of the last good block in the corresponding PDL. The PDL X Valid Flag fields shall contain a 1 when the corresponding PDL is valid and a 0 when invalid. All other values for the Valid Flag field are illegal. The purpose of the PDL X Good Sector Bitmap fields is to provide information useful in determining what Sectors in the PDL must be read. The status of each Sector in the PDL can be determined by examining the corresponding bit in the bitmap. Good Sectors have the bit set, whereas bad Sectors do not. Example: A 20-page PDL spans 25 Sectors, where the 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th, 10 th, and 22 nd Sectors are bad. The bitmap for this scenario is: DBh 3Fh FBh 80h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h. For Type RW media, the Disk Reformat Count shall be set to zero for the first format, and incremented by one on each reformat of the disk. For Type WORM media, the Disk Reformat Count shall be set to zero. The DDS CRC shall be calculated as specified in Annex J.

20.6

Rewritable (RW) Zone Type RW disks shall have a Rewritable Zone. The Rewritable Zone is intended for writing and rewriting of user data. The Rewritable Zone shall extend over the entire User Area as defined in 20.3.

20.7

Write Once Read Many (WORM) Zone Type WORM disks shall have a Write Once Read Many Zone. The Write Once Read Many Zone is intended for one time writing of user data. The Write Once Read Many Zone shall extend over the entire User Area as defined in 20.3.

Defect Management Area (DMA) Defective Sectors on the disk shall be replaced by good Sectors according to the defect management scheme described hereafter. Each side of the disk shall be initialized before use. This standard allows media initialization with or without certification. A Sector Slipping Algorithm handles defective Sectors found during certification. A Linear Replacement Algorithm handles defective Sectors found after initialization. The total number of Sectors on a side of the disk replaced by the Sector Slipping Algorithm shall not exceed half the number of DMA Sectors. The total number of Sectors on a side of the disk replaced by both algorithms shall not exceed the number of DMA Sectors.

21.1

Initialization of the disk During initialization of the disk, the DMA is partitioned and the DDSs and PDLs are recorded prior to the first use of the disk. The User Area is divided into Zones, each containing only Data Sectors. Media initialization can include a certification of the Rewritable Zones and the Write Once Read Many Zones, whereby defective Sectors are identified and skipped. For Type WORM disks only a single initialization is allowed. Once the DDSs and PDLs are recorded, it indicates that the disk is initialized and no further initialization is permitted. For Type WORM media, all Sectors in the Write Once Read Many Zones, the PSA, the SSA, the SDL, and the SDLMP shall be in the blank state at the end of initialization. For Type RW media, all Sectors in the SDL, the SDLMP, and the SSA shall be in the erased state at the end of initialization. All DDS parameters shall be recorded in all of the DDS Sectors as specified in 20.2.5. - 62 -

The PDLs shall be recorded in the areas defined by 19.2.7 and 20.4. The contents of the PDLs and SDLs are specified in 21.4 and 21.5.

21.2

Certification If the disk is certified, the certification shall at a minimum be applied to all Sectors of the RW and WORM Zones in the User Area. This standard does not state the method of certification. It may involve, erasing, writing, and reading of Sectors. The Slipping Algorithm (see 21.2.1) shall handle defective Sectors found during certification. Defective Sectors shall not be used for reading or writing in the User Area.

21.2.1

Slipping Algorithm The slipping algorithm shall be applied across each Zone of the disk if certification is performed. For PBAs less than the start PBA of the DMA, defective Data Sectors found during certification shall be replaced by the first good Sector following the defective Sector within the current Zone, thus causing a slip of one Sector towards the DMA. In the case where a Sector slips out of a Zone, with the exception of the last Zone before the DMA, the replacement Sector shall be the first Sector of the next Zone, and so causes a slip of one Sector towards the DMA. Sectors slipping out of the Zone immediately before the DMA are slipped into the PSA. The slip count will increase as the PBA increases. For PBAs higher than the start PBA of the DMA, defective data Sectors found during certification shall be replaced by the first good Sector preceding the defective Sector within the current Zone, thus causing a slip of one Sector towards the DMA. In the case where a Sector slips out of the beginning of a Zone, with the exception of the first Zone after the DMA, the replacement Sector shall be the last Sector of the preceding Zone, and so causes a slip of one Sector towards the DMA. Sectors slipping out of the Zone immediately after the DMA are slipped into the PSA from the tail end. The slip count will increase as the PBA decreases. Table 19 shows a simplified example of the Slipping algorithm for a greatly shortened PBA range over several Zones including the DMA and PSA. Table 19 — Sector Slipping Algorithm example Zone 0 PBA

LBA

Bad

1 X

Zone 1 2

DMA–PSA 12

Zone 2

Zone 3 32

10 X

42 11

The address of each defective Sector shall be written in the PDLs. If no defective Sectors are found during certification, an empty PDL shall be recorded. As the PSA grows, the SSA is diminished accordingly. 21.2.2

Linear Replacement Algorithm Defective Sectors found subsequent to certification are handled using the Linear Replacement Algorithm. The defective Sector shall be replaced by the first available Sector in the SSA. If a replacement Sector is found to be defective, it shall be replaced by the next available spare Sector. The next available spare Sector does not have to be the next PBA. The address of the defective Sector shall be recorded in the SDL in the appropriate position so that the replacement Sector PBA can be calculated from the entry position and the “First Spare in this Page” field in the SDL Page.

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The addresses of Sectors already recorded in the PDL shall not be recorded in the SDL. If a replacement Sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, it shall be dealt with by making a new entry in the SDL indicating a replacement Sector for the defective replacement Sector.

21.3

Write procedure When writing data in the Sectors of a Zone all defective Sectors listed in the PDL shall be skipped and the data shall be recorded in the appropriate Sector in accordance with the Slipping Algorithm. If a Sector to be written is listed in the SDL, the data shall be written in the spare Sector pointed to by the SDL, according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm. When writing in the PSA, all defective Sectors listed in the PDL shall be skipped and the data shall be relocated using the Slip Algorithm. When writing the DDS, PDL, SDL, and in the SSA, all defective Sectors listed in the PDL shall be skipped and written in the next available Sector in the affected area. For Type WORM after initialization, all sectors in the User Area shall be in the blank state. Erasing of Sectors on Type WORM media is not permitted. If the Sector has been written, a write operation is not permitted. During write operations, Sectors shall always be recorded with CRC, ECC, and Control Record information as specified by this standard.

21.4

Primary Defect List (PDL) The PDL shall consist of bytes specifying: — the format revision of the PDL, — information about the drive type that wrote the PDL, — a PDL Page sequence number, — the number of entries in the entire PDL, — the Physical Block Addresses (PBA) of the defective Sectors, identified at initialization, in ascending order, — a vendor unique defect code for each defective Sector, — the drive serial number of the drive that found each defective Sector. Table 20 shows the PDL byte layout. All remaining defect entries in the last page of the PDL shall have the PBA set to (7FFFFFFFh), the Defect Cause set to (FFh), and the Drive Serial Number set to (FFFFFFh). If no defective Sectors are detected, the Number of Defective Sectors field shall be set to Zero. During initialization, a PDL shall be recorded; this PDL may be empty. The PDL Format Revision, Vendor Identification, Product Identification, Product Revision, and Drive Serial Number fields shall contain implementation specific information that is ignored for the purposes of interchange. The PDL Format Revision is used to specify the format of the unspecified bytes in the PDL Page. The PDL CRC shall be calculated as specified in Annex J. When writing a PDL Page, the control record LBA shall be set to the PBA + (80000000h).

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Table 20 — Primary Defect List Page format Byte 0–1 2 3–10 11–26 27–30 31–34 35–36 37–40 41–189 190–193 194 195–197 . . . 8 182–8 185 8 186 8 187–8 189 8 190–8 191

21.5

Contents PDL Identifier (0001h) PDL Page Format Revision Vendor Identification (MSB–LSB) (ASCII) Product Identification (MSB–LSB) (ASCII) Product Revision Level (MSB–LSB)(ASCII) Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) PDL Page Number (MSB–LSB) Number of Defective Sectors (MSB–LSB) Unspecified 1st Defective Sector (MSB–LSB)(PBA) 1st Defective Sector Defect Cause 1st Defective Sector Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) . . . 1000th Defective Sector (MSB–LSB)(PBA) 1000th Defective Sector Defect Cause 1000th Defective Sector Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) PDL CRC (MSB–LSB)

Secondary Defect List (SDL) The SDL is used to record the addresses of data and spare Sectors, which have become defective after initialization and those of their respective replacements. The SDL shall consist of bytes specifying: — the format revision of the SDL Page, — information about the drive type that wrote the SDL Page, — a SDL Page sequence number, — the number of entries in the SDL Page, — the Physical Block Address (PBA) of the first Sector in the SSA that is covered by the SDL Page, — the PBA of each defective Sector, — a vendor unique defect code for each defective Sector, — the drive serial number of the drive that found each defective Sector, — PBA of the first write attempt for this page, — count of the number of times this page has been updated (shall be set to Zero for Type WORM media). Table 21 shows the PDL byte layout. All unused defect entries in an SDL Page have the PBA set to (7FFFFFFFh), the Defect Cause set to (FFh), and the Drive Serial Number set to (FFFFFFh). Defective SSA Sectors shall be recorded in the SDL Page in the same manner as unused Sectors.

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Table 21 — Secondary Defect List Page format Byte 0–1 2 3–10 11–26 27–30 31–34 35–36 37–38 39–42 43–46 47–48 49–189 190–193 194 195–197 . . . 8 182–8 185 8 186 8 187–8 189 8 190–8 191

Contents SDL Identifier (0002h) SDL Page Format Revision Vendor Identification (MSB–LSB)(ASCII) Product Identification (MSB–LSB)(ASCII) Product Revision Level (MSB–LSB)(ASCII) Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) SDL Page Number (MSB–LSB) Number of PBAs in this Page (MSB–LSB) First Spare in this Page (MSB–LSB)(PBA) Page Origin PBA Page Update Count Unspecified 1st Defective Sector (MSB–LSB)(PBA) 1st Defective Sector Defect Cause 1st Defective Sector Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) . . . 1000th Defective Sector (MSB–LSB)(PBA) 1000th Defective Sector Defect Cause 1000th Defective Sector Drive Serial Number (MSB–LSB) SDL CRC (MSB–LSB)

The SDL Format Revision, Vendor Identification, Product Identification, Product Revision, and Drive Serial Number fields shall contain implementation specific information that is ignored for the purposes of interchange. The SDL Format Revision is used to specify the format of the unspecified bytes in the SDL Page. SDL Pages shall be generated in ascending order by the contents of the First Spare in this Page field. Entries in a given SDL Page shall be in ascending order by replacement PBA. The replacement PBA for a given defective PBA is computed by determining which defect entry contains the defective PBA and taking the index, starting at zero, of that entry and adding it to the contents of the First Spare in this Page field. Each SDL Page shall contain space for 1000 defect entries, however the Maximum Entries per SDL Page field in the DDS dictates the maximum number that may be used. This number may be different for media Type RW and Type WORM. On Type WORM media, an SDL Page shall only be written when the number of defect entries is equal to the maximum specified in the DDS. The SDLMP area shall contain a copy of each completed SDL Page. The SDL CRC shall be calculated as specified in Annex J. When writing an SDL Page, the control record LBA shall be set to the (PBA + 80000000h).

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Section 4 — Characteristics of embossed information 22

Method of testing The format of the embossed information on the disk is defined in Clauses 13 to 15. Clause 23 specifies the requirements for the signals from the embossed grooves, as obtained when using the Reference Drive specified in Clause 9.

22.1

Environment All signals specified in Clause 23 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.

22.2

Use of the Reference Drive All signals specified in Clause 23 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

22.2.1

22.2.2

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2. The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5. Read power The read power shall be 500 µW ± 30 µW for Type WORM media. The read power shall be 420 µW ± 20 µW for Type RW media.

22.2.3

Read Channel The drive shall have a Read Channel, with the implementation as given in 9.3.

22.2.4

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall have an axial deviation of not more than e max (axial) = 59 nm from the recording layer, and it shall have a radial deviation of not more than e max (radial) = 14 nm from the centre of a Groove Recording Track.

22.2.5

22.3

Axial focus offset optimization The axial focus offset shall be adjusted for the measurement of all embossed signals.

Definition of signals Figure 24 shows the signals specified in Clause 23. All signals are linearly related to currents through a split photodiode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector. Two signals I1 and I2 are derived from the outputs of the split photodiode detector H of the Reference Drive (see 9.1).

- 67 -

Beam on groove SUM = I1 + I2 SUM max = (I1 + I2) max

TES = I1 - I2

SUM min = (I1 + I2) min

0 Level

Figure 24 — Signals from grooves in the Radial Tracking Channel

Signals from grooves The two signals considered in this clause shall be the SUM signal (I1 + I2) and TES signal (I1 - I2) (see Figure 24).

23.1

Ratio of SUM max and SUM min signals on groove The SUM signal on track when the light beam is following a groove in the Formatted Zone shall meet the following requirement: (I1 + I2) max / (I1 + I2) min ≤ 1,15

23.2

Normalized tracking error signal The normalized tracking error signal TESnorm: (I1 - I2) / (I1 + I2) low-passed below the wobble frequency, shall meet the following requirements in unrecorded, grooved areas: 0,24 ≤ TESnorm pp ≤ 0,39 for Type WORM media 0,36 < TESnorm pp < 0,50 for Type RW media

23.3

Normalized wobble signal The normalized wobble signal NWS: wobble pp / TES pp low-passed below the wobble frequency shall meet the following requirements in unrecorded, grooved areas 0,33 < NWS < 0,48 for Type WORM media 0,20 < NWS < 0,33 for Type RW media

23.4

Phase depth The phase depth of the grooves equals n×d

× 360° λ where n is the index of refraction of the cover layer, d is the groove depth, and λ is the wavelength of the laser. The phase depth shall be less than 90°.

23.5

ADIP error rate A Sector address shall be failed if it does not have at least 3 of 5 matching Track numbers and 2 of 3 matching Sector numbers with valid ADIP parity. The ADIP error rate shall be < 0,1%. - 68 -

Section 5 — Characteristics of the recording layer 24

Method of testing Clauses 24 and 25 describe a series of tests to assess the thermal-optical properties of the recording layer, as used for writing, rewriting, and erasing data. The tests shall be performed only in the Data field of the Sectors. The write, rewrite, read, and erase operations necessary for the tests shall be made on the same Reference Drive. Clauses 24 and 25 specify only the average quality of the recording layer. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause write or erase problems. These defects are covered in section 6.

24.1

Environment All signals in Clauses 24 and 25 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2 except where otherwise noted.

24.2

Reference Drive The write, rewrite, and erase tests described in Clauses 24 and 25 shall be measured in the Read Channel of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

24.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2. The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

24.2.2

Read power The read power shall be 500 µW ± 30 µW for Type WORM media. The read power shall be 420 µW ± 20 µW for Type RW media.

24.2.3

Read Channel The Reference Drive shall have a Read Channel that can detect the Phase Change marks in the recording layer. This Channel shall have an implementation equivalent to that given in 9.4.

24.2.4

24.3 24.3.1

Write conditions W r i t e p u l s e a n d p o w e r w a ve f o r m For Type RW and Type WORM media, marks are recorded on the disk by pulses of optical power (see Annex L) at the test rotational frequency. The pulse shape for the purpose of testing shall be nominally rectangular. The rise and fall times (10 % to 90 % or 90 % to 10 %) shall be less than 1,0 ns between any two sequential power levels. The measurement of laser power shall be done in pulsed operation by averaging. For example, use one pulse every 20 ns with a fixed duty cycle while measuring with a spherical radiometer. The averaging method of measuring the laser power will minimize the accumulation of pulse width and pulse amplitude tolerances. Pulsed operation also enables evaluation of higher laser powers than allowed by the continuous power rating of the laser (see also Annex V). - 69 -

24.3.2

Write pulse pow er and pulse timing determination The media manufacturer shall determine the value of the write pulse power levels and pulse timing parameters for all Data Zones. For this purpose non-user tracks to the internal diameter of the Zones boundaries shall be used. These write parameters recorded in the SDI Sectors shall generate written data that complies with the requirements of Clause 27. The maximum pulse power level used for recording on any disk at any radius shall not exceed 12 mW.

24.4

Erase power for Type RW media For Type RW media, marks can be erased from the disk by a constant optical power. The erase optical power PER is also used between write pulses for direct overwriting of the Recording field. The erase power is the optical power required for any given track at the entrance surface to erase or direct overwrite marks written according to 24.3. The ratio of erase power level PER to the write first pulse level PFW for recording is recorded in the SDI Sectors for each Zone at the test rotational speed. The erase power for any disk at any radius shall not exceed 7 mW.

24.4.1

25 25.1

Erase pow er determination The media manufacturer shall determine the erase to write power ratios that are recorded in the SDI Sectors. The erase power is the optical power level for the given radius and rotational speed that is sufficient to erase or direct overwrite the current track, without damaging the recording layer or erasing data on the adjacent tracks.

Write characteristics Mark polarity The Phase Change marks shall be either more or less reflective than spaces. The polarity of Phase Change marks shall be specified by the manufacturer in Byte 40 of the SDI Sectors (See 19.2.5).

25.2

Resolution IL is the peak-to-peak value of the signal obtained in the Read Channel from 8T marks and 8T spaces (see Figure 25) written and read under any of the conditions given in 24.3 and 24.2. A 8T is the longest interval allowed in the recording field of a Sector. IH is the peak-to-peak value of the signal obtained in the Read Channel from 3T marks and 3T spaces (see Figure 25) written and read under any of the conditions given in 24.3 and 24.2. A 3T is the shortest resolvable interval allowed by the RLL(1,7) code in the recording field of a Sector. The resolution IH / IL shall not be less than 0,15 within any Sector. 8T marks and spaces

3T marks and spaces

8Tmarks and spaces

Figure 25 — Definition of IL and IH for resolution measurement - 70 -

25.3

Narrow-Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio The Narrow-Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio NBSNR is the ratio of the signal level to the noise level of a specified pattern, measured in a 30 kHz bandwidth. It shall be determined as follows. — Write a series of 3T marks followed by 3T spaces in the Data field of a series of Sectors at a frequency f 0 of the highest resolvable frequency allowed by the RLL(1,7) code for each Zone. The write conditions shall be as specified in 24.3. — Read the recording fields with the Read Channel under the conditions specified in 24.2 using a spectrum analyzer with bandwidth of 30 kHz. Measure the amplitudes of the signal and noise at frequency f 0 indicated in Figure 26. The Narrow-Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio shall be NBSNR = 20 log10

Signal level Noise level

The NBSNR shall be greater than 42 dB for all Zones in Type WORM media and 44 dB on Type RW media using the optical system as defined in 9.1.

Amplitude Signal level

Noise level

Frequency f0 Figure 26 — Amplitude versus frequency for the Phase Change signal

25.4

VTE For Type WORM media the Optimum Recording Power is defined as that producing minimum VTE, as defined in 9.4. The Optimum Recording Power for Type WORM media shall be < 8,0 mw. For Type RW media the Optimum Recording Power is determined by measuring Byte Error Rate as a function of power. The threshold writing power shall be determined as the minimum power that writes data with less than 100 bytes in error in one Sector. The optimum power for writing shall be established as rho times this value where rho shall be defined in Bytes 49 to 51 of the SDI. The Optimum Recording Power for Type RW media shall be < 9,0 mw. The VTE at Optimum Recording Power shall be < 7 for type WORM media. The VTE at Optimum Recording Power for type RW media at the inner diameter shall be < 7. The VTE at Optimum Recording Power for type RW media at the outer diameter shall be < 10.

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25.5

Rewrite cycles for Type RW media The number of rewrite cycles for Type RW media is not specified by this Ecma Standard.

25.6

Cross Erase and Crosstalk Cross Erase and Crosstalk characteristics shall be tested as follows: — Select any group of three adjacent tracks n-1, n and n+1 in the Formatted Zone •

Write the data fields of track n at X% of nominal write power;

•

Write the data fields of tracks n-1 and n+1 (ten times for Type RW media) at Y% of the nominal write power;

•

Read the Sectors of track n.

— Repeat the above test for (X,Y) = (85%,115%), (90%,110%), (95%,105%), (110%,115%), (115%,115%) using new tracks for each recording condition. The average Byte Error Count measure on track n for each condition of centre and adjacent track powers shall be < 40.

25.7

Erase ratio The erase ratio for 3T marks and spaces shall be measured as follow: — Write a series of 3T marks followed by 3T spaces in the Data field of the sectors on Recording Track at the frequency specified for each band in the Formatted Zone. The write conditions shall be as specified in 24.3. — Read the recording fields with the Read Channel under the conditions specified in 24.2 using a spectrum analyzer with bandwidth of 30 kHz. Measure the amplitude of the signal at frequency f 0 indicated in Figure 26. — Erase the Recording Track with one d.c. pass using the optimum erase power as specified in 24.4 — Read the recording fields with the Read Channel under the conditions specified in 24.2 using a spectrum analyzer with bandwidth of 30 kHz. Measure the amplitude of the signal at frequency f 0 indicated in Figure 26. The difference in amplitude between the written and erased signals shall be lower than - 28 dB.

25.8

Read power damage Recorded data shall not become damaged due to the repetitive reading of Sectors. Media shall be tested against read power damage for tracks in the innermost band at the test rotational speed. Media shall be tested for read power damage as follows: — Several Sectors shall be written on the tracks of the innermost band according to 24.3. Sectors shall be selected which are verified as correctable with less than 10 byte errors per Sector using the ECC as defined in annex G. — The read power shall then be increased to 10% above nominal read power for the appropriate media type. The disk shall make 1 000 000 revolutions while remaining on a single Recording Track which contains the selected Sectors. — After all test revolutions have completed, the read power shall be returned to the nominal power level. All selected Sectors shall be verified as correctable with less than 10 byte errors per Sector.

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Section 6 — Characteristics of user data 26

User data – Method of testing Clauses 27 and 28 describe a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this Ecma Standard. It checks the legibility of both preformatted data and user written data. The user written data is assumed to be arbitrary. The user written data may have been written by any drive in any environment. The tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive. Whereas defects are disregarded in Clauses 24 and 25, they are included in Clauses 27 and 28 as unavoidable deterioration of the read signal. The severity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the error detection and correction circuits in the Read Channel defined below. The requirements in Clauses 27 and 28 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.

26.1

Environment All requirements specified in Clauses 27 and 28 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing, the entrance surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.

26.2

Reference Drive All requirements specified in Clauses 27 and 28 shall be measured in the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:

26.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties specified in 9.2. The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

26.2.2

Read power The read power shall be 500 µW ± 30 µW for Type WORM media. The read power shall be 420 µW ± 20 µW for Type RW media.

26.2.3

Read Channel The Read Channel shall be as specified in 9.3.

26.2.4

26.2.5

Error correction Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by an error detection and correction system based on the specifications of Annex G.

Minimum quality of a Sector This clause specifies the minimum quality of data of a Sector as required for interchange of the data contained in that Sector. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong setting, as detected by ECC and/or CRC circuits. - 73 -

27.1

Preformatted data The wobble signal shall comply with the requirements of 23.3.

27.2

User-written data

27.2.1

Recording field When the Preamble field is recorded, it shall start 6540 Channel bits ± 12 Channel bits after the first Channel bit of WAMFA Sync1 Frame for Type WORM media. When the Preamble field is recorded, it shall start 6256 Channel bits - 12 / + 267 Channel bits after the first Channel bit of WAMFA Sync1 Frame for Type RW media.

27.2.2

B yt e e r r o r s The user written data in a Sector shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 16.7.3.

Data interchange requirements A disk offered for interchange of data shall comply with the following requirements.

28.1

Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

28.2

User-written data Any Sector written in the User Zone that does not comply with 28.2 shall have been replaced according to the rules of the Defect Management as defined in Clause 21.

28.3

Quality of disk The quality of the disk is reflected in the number of replaced Sectors in the User Zone. This Ecma Standard allows a maximum number of replaced Sectors per side (see Clause 21).

- 74 -

Annex A (normative)

Air cleanliness class 100 000

The classification of air cleanliness is based on a particle count with a maximum allowable number of specified minimum sized particles per unit volume, and on a statistical average particle size distribution.

A.1 Definition The particle count shall not exceed a total of 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size 0,5 µm and larger. The statistical average particle size distribution is given in Figure A.1. Class 100 000 means that 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 0,5 µm and larger are allowed, but only 25 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 5,0 µm and larger. It shall be recognized that single sample distribution may deviate from this curve because of local or temporary conditions. Counts below 350 000 particles per cubic metre are unreliable except when a large number of samplings is taken.

A.2 Test method For particles of size in the range of 0,5 µm to 5,0 µm, equipment employing light-scattering principles shall be used. The air in the controlled environment is sampled at a known flow rate. Particles contained in the sampled air are passed through an illuminated sensing zone in the optical chamber of the instrument. Light scattered by individual particles is received by a photo detector that converts the light pulses into electrical current pulses. An electronic system relates the pulse height to particle size and counts the pulses such that the number of particles in relation to particle size is registered or displayed.

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Number of particles per m3 greater than or equal to the stated particle size 100 000 000 10 000 000 1 000 000 100 000

10 000

1 000 100 0,1

0,5 1

5 10 100 Particle size (µm)

Figure A.1 — Particle size distribution curve

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1 000

Annex B (normative)

Read Channel signal equalization

B.1 Read Channel analog equalization The Read Channel signal shall be equalized by an analog pre-equalizer. The analog pre-equalizer shall be a 7-pole linear phase with equiripple error of 0,05º low-pass filter with a -3db cut-off frequency of half the Channel clock frequency. The transfer function of the filter shall be: - 0,75s 2 + 1.31703 s + 1,68495s + 1,31703 2

2,95139 s 2 + 1,54203s + 2,95139

5,37034 s 2 + 1,14558s + 5,37034

0,86133 s + 0,86133

where the transfer function is normalized to ω = 1 rad/sec and s = i ω, ω = 2π f, i = -1 The corresponding frequency characteristics are shown in Figure B.1.

Gain (db) 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Normalized frequency (frequency / Channel clock frequency)

Figure B.1 — Frequency characteristics of the analog equalizer The analog equalizer shall comply with the following requirements: Gain variation ≤ ± 1,0 dB for normalized frequency ≤ 1,0, Group delay variation ≤ ± 0,025 Channel clock period for normalized frequency ≤ 0,5,

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1.0

B.2 Read Channel digital equalization The read signal shall be additionally equalized by a digital 21 tap transversal filter. The tap coefficients shall be calculated using a Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. The coefficients shown in Table B.1 shall be used for all media compliance testing, and as the initial condition for the adaptive equalizer. The corresponding frequency characteristics of the digital equalizer are shown in Figure B.2. Table B.1 — Coefficients for media test condition Transversal Filter Tap

Equalizer Coefficient

8 bits signed value - 128 to 127

- 10T

0,00000

- 9T

0,00000

- 8T

0,00000

- 7T

0,00000

- 6T

0,00000

- 5T

0,00000

- 4T

0,00000

- 3T

0,00000

- 2T

- 0,25000

- 32

- 1T

0,25000

0,99219

127

0,25000

- 0,25000

- 32

0,00000

10T

0,00000

T = Channel clock period

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10 0 -10

Gain [dB]

-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Normalized Frequency

Figure B.2 — Frequency characteristics of the digital equalizer

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0.9

1.0

- 80 -

Annex C (normative)

Edge distortion test

C.1 Purpose The distortion test checks if the case is free from unacceptable distortion and protrusions along its edges. The test is made by causing the cartridge to pass through the vertical slot of a gauge while applying a specified force in addition to the gravitational pull.

C.2 Distortion gauge construction The gauge shall be made of a suitable material, e.g. of chrome-plated carbon steel. The inner surfaces shall be polished to a surface finish of 5 µm peak-to-peak.

C.3 Distortion gauge dimensions The dimensions shall be as follows (see Figure C.1): A = 155,0 mm B = 136,0 mm ± 0,1 mm C = 10,0 mm ± 0,1 mm D = 11,40 mm ± 0,01 mm E = 11,60 mm min.

C.4 Requirement When the cartridge is inserted vertically into the gauge, a vertical downward force F of 2,7 N maximum, applied to the centre of the top edge of the cartridge, shall cause the cartridge to pass through the gauge.

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A C B

D E

03-0019-A

Figure C.1 — Distortion gauge

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Annex D (normative)

Compliance test

D.1 Purpose The compliance test checks the flatness and flexibility of the case by forcing the four reference surfaces of the cartridge into a plane.

D.2 Reference surfaces The location of the four reference surfaces S1, S2, S3, and S4 is defined in 10.5.4 and Figure 4.

D.3 Compliance gauge The test gauge consists of a base plate on which four posts P1, P2, P3, and P4 are fixed so as to correspond to the surfaces S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively (see Figure D.1). The dimensions are as follows (see Figures D.2 and D.3): L a = 122,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L b = 4,0 mm ± 0,5 mm L c = 130,0 mm ± 0,5 mm L d = 101,0 mm ± 0,5 mm D a = 6,50 mm ± 0,01 mm + 0,00 mm

D b = 4,00 mm

- 0,02 mm

D c = 5,50 mm ± 0,01 mm H a = 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm H b = 2,0 mm max. After assembly, the upper annular surfaces of the four posts shall lie between two horizontal planes spaced 0,01 mm apart.

D.4 Test conditions The cartridge shall be placed with its reference surfaces onto the posts of the horizontal gauge. A vertical down force F of 0,4 N shall be exerted on the cartridge opposite each of the four posts.

D.5 Requirement Under the conditions of D.4, any three of the four surfaces S1 to S4 shall be in contact with the annular surface of respective posts. Any gap between the remaining surface S and the annular surface of its post shall not exceed 0,1 mm.

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F F

P4 P1

03-0021-A

Figure D.1 — Compliance gauge

- 84 -

03-0023-A

Figure D.2 — Location of the posts

P3, P4

P1, P2

03-0024-A

Figure D.3 — Detail of the posts

- 85 -

- 86 -

Annex E (normative)

Cartridge electro-static discharge test

E.1 Test procedure The test procedure shall use the following steps: 1

Acclimate test cartridges at 10 % relative humidity for at least 12 hours before testing.

Remove all charge from the test cartridge using ionized air.

Mount the cartridge in the fixture shown in Figure E.1.

Apply 1,00 kV to the charge plate.

10 seconds ± 1 second after applying 1,00 kV, remove the voltage source (charge plate is floating).

Measure the decay time defined as the time required for the charged plate voltage to decay 5 % to 950 V.

Prior to testing a cartridge, ensure there is a non-ionizing environment by performing steps 4–6 above with no cartridge present. Decay time with no cartridge shall be larger than 100 seconds.

E.2 Specification The decay time shall be smaller than 10 seconds at 10 % relative humidity and 25 °C.

Figure E.1 — Cartridge electro-static discharge test fixture

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Annex F (normative)

Test method for measuring the adsorbent force of the hub

F.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to determine the magnetic characteristic of the magnetizable material of the hub.

F.2 Dimensions The test device (see Figure F.1) consists of a spacer, a magnet, a back yoke, and a centre shaft. The dimensions of the test device are as follows: D d = 8,0 mm ± 0,1 mm D e = 20,0 mm ± 0,1 mm D f = 19,0 mm max. + 0,0 mm

D g = 3,9 mm

- 0,1 mm

H c = 0,40 mm ± 0,01 mm H d = 1,2 mm (typical, to be adjusted to meet the force requirement of F.4)

F.3 Material The material of the test device shall be: Magnet

: Any magnetizable material, typically Sm-Co

Back yoke

: Any suitable magnetizable material

Spacer

: Non-magnetizable material or air gap

Centre shaft

: Non-magnetizable material

F.4 Characteristics of the magnet with back yoke Number of poles

: 4 (typical)

Maximum energy product (BH max )

: 175 kJ/m 3 ± 16 kJ/m 3

The characteristics of the magnet with back yoke shall be adjusted so that with a pure nickel plate of the following dimensions (see Figure F.2), and the adsorbent force of this plate at the point H c = 0,4 mm when spaced from the magnet surface shall be 9,5 N ± 0,6 N. D h = 7,0 mm ± 0,1 mm D j = 22,0 mm ± 0,1 mm H e = 2,0 mm ± 0,05 mm

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F.5 Test condition for temperature This condition shall be as specified in 8.1.1.

Df Dg

Hub

Magnet Hd

Back yoke

Spacer Dd De

Centre shaft

03-0017-A

Figure F.1 — Test device for the clamping characteristic of the hub

Dh Dj 03-0014-A

Figure F.2 — Calibration plate of the test device

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Annex G (normative)

Interleave, CRC, ECC for the Data field

G.1 Interleave The different bytes recorded on the disk for each Sector with 8192 data-user bytes shall be designated as follows Dn

are user data bytes

Pq ,r are Control bytes (See 16.7.4) Ck

are CRC check bytes

Es,t are ECC check bytes These bytes shall be ordered in a sequence An in the order in which they shall be recorded on the disk. The order of n of D n is the same as that in which they are input from the interface. Depending on the value of n, these elements are for 1 ≤ n ≤ 8 192

: An = Dn

for 8 193 ≤ n ≤ 8 204

: An = Pq,r

for 8 205 ≤ n ≤ 8 208

: An = Ck

for 8 209 ≤ n ≤ 9 424

: An = Es,t

where: q = int [(n - 8 193) / 4] + 1 r = [(n - 8 193) mod 4] + 1 k = n - 8 204 s = [(n - 8 209) mod 38] + 1 t = int [(n - 8 209) / 38] + 1 The notation int [x] denotes the largest integer not greater than x. The first four parts of An are 38-way interleaved by mapping them onto a two-dimensional matrix Bij with 216 rows and 38 columns. Thus for 1 ≤ n ≤ 8 208

: Bi,j = An

where: i = 215 - int [(n - 1) / 38] j = (n - 1) mod 38

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G.2 CRC The CRC and the ECC shall be computed over the Galois field based on the primitive polynomial

GP(x) = x8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 The generator polynomial for the CRC bytes shall be i = 35

GC(x) =

( x + αi ) = x 4 + (68) x 3 + (69) x 2 + (F1) x + (DA)

i = 32

where the element α = 0000 0010. The contents of the four check bytes are defined by the residual polynomial

RC(x) = IC(x) x4 mod GC(x) k= 4

RC(x) =

Ck x 4-k

k=1

The last equation specifies the storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomial.

G.2.1 Check byte calculation The four check bytes of CRC shall be computed over the user data and the Control bytes as specified in G.2. The information polynomial shall be i = 215

IC(x) =

j = 37

[ Σ(Σ i=1

(Bi,j) x i

j=0

j = 33

)] + Σ

(B0,j)

j=0

G.3 ECC The primitive polynomial G P(x) and the element αi shall be as specified in G.2. The generator polynomial for the check bytes of the ECC shall be i = 31

GE(x) =

( x + αi )

i=0

where the element α = 0000 0010. The 1216 check bytes of the ECC shall be computed over the user bytes, the Control bytes, and the CRC bytes. The corresponding 38 information polynomials shall be i = 215

IEj(x) =

(Bi,j) x i

i=0

where 0 ≤ j ≤ 37.

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The contents of the 32 check bytes Es ,t for each polynomial IEj (x) are defined by the residual polynomial

REj(x) = IEj(x) x32 mod GE(x) t = 32

REj(x) =

Ej+1,t x 32-t

t=1

The last equation specifies the storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomial.

- 93 -

- 94 -

Annex H (normative)

Drive Information Record (DIR) usage

The 4-byte Drive Information Record (P3) of the Control bytes shall be used to save drive related information into each Sector as it is written or rewritten. For normally written Sectors, the DIR shall contain the following information in the specified location: Byte 1 Bit position

Reformat count bit 1

Verify enabled

Verify Pass Relocation

Relocation cause

Byte 2 Bit position

Reformat count bit 0

Relocation attempt

Unspecified

Drive Serial Number bit 16

Byte 3 Bit position

Drive Serial Number bits 15–8

Byte 4 Bit position

Drive Serial Number bits 7–0

Unspecified bits shall be set to ZERO and shall be ignored in interchange. The Verify Enabled bit shall indicate whether the Sector was written with Verify after Write enabled, as follows: Verify after Write disabled = ZERO Verify after Write enabled = ONE.

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The Verify Pass Relocation bit shall be set to ZERO for all Sectors that have not been relocated. The Verify Pass Relocation bit shall indicate whether a relocated Sector was spared due to a Verify error, as follows: Write Error Relocation = ZERO Verify Error Relocation = ONE. The Relocation Cause field is vendor unique, and may be used to identify the reason for relocating the Sector. The Relocation Cause field shall be ignored in interchange. The Relocation Attempt field shall be set to ZERO for all Sectors that have not been relocated. The Relocation Attempt field shall contain the number of the relocation attempt for all relocated Sectors as follows: Attempt 1 = 0 Attempt 2 = 1 ….................. Attempt 8 = 7 The Drive Serial Number is vendor unique and shall be ignored in interchange. For SDI, DDS, PDL, and SDL Sectors, the Verify Pass Relocation, Relocation Cause, and Relocation Attempt fields shall be set to ZERO.

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Annex I (normative)

Specific Disk Information

SDI Sectors contain Specific Disk Information. The 8 192 data bytes shall specify the following:

Bytes 0 and 1: SDI Sector Identifier These bytes shall be both recorded with (D2h). Bytes 2 to 6: Disk Serial Number and Disk Side (A or B) The Disk Serial Number shall be the same for both the A and B sides of the disk. The serial number and side of the disk shall be represented in hexadecimal notation as shown in Table I.1. Table I.1 — Representation of Disk Serial Number and Disk Side (A or B) Byte

Bits

Description

Allowed values

7–4

1st digit of Disk Serial Number

(0h–Fh)

3–0

2 digit of Disk Serial Number

(0h–Fh)

7–4

3rd digit of Disk Serial Number

(0h–Fh)

3 4 4 5 5

3–0 7–4 3–0 7–4 3–0

(0h–Fh)

4 digit of Disk Serial Number 5 digit of Disk Serial Number 6 digit of Disk Serial Number 7 digit of Disk Serial Number 8 digit of Disk Serial Number

7–4

9 digit of Disk Serial Number

(0h–Fh)

3–0

Disk Side

(Ah or Bh)

Bytes 7: SDI Revision number The SDI Revision number may be used by the disk manufacturer to denote the use of the Unspecified SDI bytes. Bytes 8 to 15: SDI Revision number These eight bytes shall contain the disk manufacturer code in ASCII representation. Byte 16: Year of disk manufacture It shall be specified as a number n such that n = year - 2000. Byte 17: Month of disk manufacture This byte shall be recorded with the month number (1 for January, 12 for December). Byte 18: Day of manufacture This byte shall be recorded with a value in the range from 1 to 31. Bytes 19 to 22: Drive Serial Number (DSN) of the unit that recorded the SDI Sectors The serial number of the drive shall be represented in binary notation. Byte 19 shall contain the MSB and Byte 22 shall contain the LSB. - 97 -

Byte 23: Media Type Bit 0: ‘0’ for Type RW, ‘1’ for Type WORM. Bit 1: ‘1’ indicates that the disk is qualified for ZCAV mode. Bit 2: ‘1’ indicates that the disk is qualified for ZCLV mode. Bytes 24 and 25: User data capacity of the ODC The capacity of the ODC expressed in Gbytes shall be represented in binary notation. Byte 24 shall contain the MSB and Byte 25 shall contain the LSB. The value shall be set to (003Ch) indicating a user data capacity of 60 Gbytes per cartridge. Byte 26: Sector size This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Sector size in user data bytes / 1024. It shall be set to 8 indicating a Sector size of 8 192 user data bytes. Byte 27: Track pitch This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = track pitch in nm / 5. It shall be set to 64 for Type RW media indicating a recording track pitch of 320 nm. It shall be set to 70 for Type WORM media indicating a recording track pitch of 350 nm. Byte 28: Nominal wavelength λ of the laser This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = λ in nm / 5. It shall be set to 81 indicating a laser wavelength of λ = 405 nm. Byte 29: Nominal Numerical Aperture NA of the objective lens This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = NA × 100. It shall be set to 85 indicating an objective lens with NA = 0,85. Bytes 30 and 31: Nominal cover layer index of refraction These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = index of refraction × 10 000. Byte 30 shall contain the MSB and Byte 31 shall contain the LSB of the number n. Byte 32: Nominal cover layer thickness This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Nominal cover layer thickness in nm. Byte 33: Average cover layer thickness at disk radius r = 62 mm This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Average cover layer thickness in nm at disk radius r = 62 mm. Byte 34: Average cover layer thickness at disk radius r = 45 mm This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Average cover layer thickness in nm at disk radius r = 45 mm. Byte 35: Average cover layer thickness at disk radius r = 28 mm This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Average cover layer thickness in nm at disk radius r = 28 mm. Byte 36: Nominal disk rotational frequency This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = rotational frequency in Hz × 4. Byte 37: Nominal laser read power This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = read power in µW / 5. It shall be set to 84 for Type WORM media indicating a laser read power of 420 µW. It shall be set to 100 for Type RW media indicating a laser read power of 500 µW. Byte 38: Maximum read power This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = max read power in µW / 5. This value shall be the recommendation of the media manufacturer for maximum read power at any radius of the disk. Byte 39: Baseline reflectance R of the disk in its unrecorded initialized state as measured in a Mirror Area This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = R × 100

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Byte 40: Change in reflectance R for user written marks This byte shall be recorded with (00h) for Rmark > Rspace (FFh) for Rmark < Rspace Byte 41 to 44: for RW media, Zones of the disk that can be recorded with a single pass write This information shall be contained in a bit map, as shown in Table I.2, where: 0 Indicates Zone may be recorded in a single pass write, 1 Indicates Zone requires an erase pass prior to writing. Table I.2 — Bit map of bytes 41 to 44 41

Bit 7 is for Zone 0, Bit 6 is for Zone 1, ----------, Bit 0 is for Zone 7

Bit 7 is for Zone 8, Bit 6 is for Zone 9, ----------, Bit 0 is for Zone 15

Bit 7 is for Zone 16, Bit 6 is for Zone 17, -------, Bit 0 is for Zone 23

Bit 7 is for Zone 24, Bit 6 is for Zone 25, -------, Bit 0 is for Zone 31

For WORM media, Bytes 41 to 44 shall be recorded with (00h). Byte 45: Reserved Byte 46: VTE based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Minimum VTE Write Power) for the outer diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100. Byte 47: VTE based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Minimum VTE Write Power) for the middle diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100. Byte 48: VTE based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Minimum VTE Write Power) for the inside diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100 Byte 49: BER based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Write Power for BERC<50) for the outer diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100. Byte 50: BER based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Write Power for BERC<50) for the middle diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100. Byte 51: BER based ρ-factor (Optimal Write Power / Write Power for BERC<50) for the inside diameter This byte shall be recorded with a number n such that n = ρ × 100. Byte 52: Write tracking offset for recording tracks at the outer diameter This byte shall be a signed value (- 128 to 127) denoting the tracking offset in nm to be added to the tracking error signal. A positive value indicates an offset toward the inner diameter of the disk. Byte 53: Write tracking offset for recording tracks at the middle diameter This byte shall be a signed value (- 128 to 127) denoting the tracking offset in nm to be added to the tracking error signal. A positive value indicates an offset toward the inner diameter of the disk. Byte 54: Write tracking offset for recording tracks at the inside diameter This byte shall be a signed value (- 128 to 127) denoting the tracking offset in nm to be added to the tracking error signal. A positive value indicates an offset toward the inner diameter of the disk. Bytes 55 to 58: Minimum compatible firmware build Code These four bytes shall contain the firmware revision number in ASCII representation of the minimum compatible firmware build that can be used with the disk. If all four bytes are (00h), then the disk is compatible with all firmware revisions. Byte 59: Special Disk Designator, for special controller modes This byte shall be set by default to (00h). Bytes 60 to 127: Reserved for special controller modes These bytes shall be set by default to (00h). - 99 -

Bytes 128 to 5 247: Parameter Pages A Parameter Page shall be 32 bytes in length and shall specify a single Write Strategy parameter for up to 32 Zones. For Zones that are not present in the media format the byte values shall be recorded with (00h). The Page content shall be organized as follows: Page Offset 0 Parameter byte value for Zone 0 Page Offset 1 Parameter byte value for Zone 1 ↓ Page Offset N Parameter byte value for Zone N (N = maximum Zone Number) Page Offset N+1 to 31 Reserved = (00h) Bytes 128 to 159: Typical Write Power value These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = Typical Write Power value in mW × 100 Bytes 160 to 191: Write Power multiplier A value of 100 shall specify that linear interpolation gives the correct Write Power. A value of (100+n) shall specify that the Write Power must be increased by n% after linear interpolation. Bytes 192 to 223: Multi-pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PMW / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PMW / PFW) × 100. Bytes 224 to 255: Last-pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PLW / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PLW / PFW) × 100. Bytes 256 to 287: Erase to first pulse Write Power ratio (PER / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PER / PFW) × 100. Bytes 256 to 287: - For Type RW media: Erase to first pulse Write Power ratio (PER / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PER / PFW) × 100. - For Type WORM media: Bias Power during the recording of spaces to first pulse Write These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PB / PFW) × 100. Bytes 288 to 319: Cooling pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PCL / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PER / PFW) × 100. Bytes 320 to 351: Bias pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PB / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PB / PFW) × 100. Bytes 352 to 383: End erase pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PEER / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PEER / PFW) × 100. Bytes 384 to 415: Middle first pulse to first pulse Write Power ratio (PMFW / PFW) These bytes shall be recorded with a number n such that n = (PMFW / PFW) × 100. Bytes 416 to 3 775 and 3 968 to 5 247: Write pulse timing strategy The contents of the different time delay parameters specified by these bytes are given in Table L.2 of Annex L. The value contained in each of these bytes shall represent a time delay δT expressed as a sum of an integer number m of Channel Clock period T and an integer number n of units of 1/40 of the Channel Clock period T: δT = mT + n(T/40). The value of m and n shall be assigned to each byte using the following bit fields: Bit 7–6 shall represent the value m (0 to 3). Bit 5–0 shall represent the value n (0 to 39). Bit 7 shall be the most significant bit of value m. Bit 5 shall be the most significant bit of value n. Bytes 416 to 447 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay TSMP.

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Bytes 448 to 479 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay TEMP. Bytes 480 to 511 This Parameter Page shall specify the start extra 1 pulse delay TX1. Bytes 512 to 543 This Parameter Page shall specify the end extra 2 pulse delay TX2. Bytes 544 to 575 This Parameter Page shall specify the end extra 3 pulse delay TX3. Bytes 576 to 607 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 4T mark followed by a 2T space TEMPP (4M-2S). Bytes 608 to 639 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 4T mark followed by a 3T space TEMPP (4M-3S). Bytes 640 to 671 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 4T mark followed by a 4T space TEMPP (4M-4S). Bytes 672 to 703 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 4T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TEMPP (4M-5S). Bytes 704 to 735 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 2T space TEMPP (5M-2S). Bytes 736 to 767 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 3T space TEMPP (5M-3S). Bytes 768 to 799 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 4T space TEMPP (5M-4S). Bytes 800 to 831 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse programmable delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 5T or longer space TEMPP (5M-5S). Bytes 832 to 863 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 2T space TECP (2M-2S). Bytes 864 to 895 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 3T space TECP (2M-3S). Bytes 896 to 927 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 4T space TECP (2M-4S). Bytes 928 to 959 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TECP (2M-5S). Bytes 960 to 991 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 2T space TECP (3M-2S).

- 101 -

Bytes 992 to 1 023 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 3T space TECP (3M-3S). Bytes 1 024 to 1 055 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 4T space TECP (3M-4S). Bytes 1 056 to 1 087 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TECP (3M-5S). Bytes 1 088 to 1 119 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 2T space TECP (4M-2S). Bytes 1 120 to 1 151 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 3T space TECP (4M-3S). Bytes 1 152 to 1 183 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 4T space TECP (4M-4S). Bytes 1 184 to 1 215 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TECP (4M-5S). Bytes 1 216 to 1 247 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 2T space TECP (5M-2S). Bytes 1 248 to 1 279 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 3T space TECP (5M-3S). Bytes 1 280 to 1 311 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 4T space TECP (5M-4S). Bytes 1 312 to 1 343 This Parameter Page shall specify the end cooling pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 5T or longer space TECP (5M-5S). Bytes 1 344 to 1 375 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 2T space TELP (2M-2S). Bytes 1 376 to 1 407 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 3T space TELP (2M-3S). Bytes 1 408 to 1 439 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 4T space TELP (2M-4S). Bytes 1 440 to 1 471 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TELP (2M-5S). Bytes 1 472 to 1 503 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 2T space TELP (3M-2S).

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Bytes 1 504 to 1 535 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 3T space TELP (3M-3S). Bytes 1 536 to 1 567 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 4T space TELP (3M-4S). Bytes 1 568 to 1 599 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TELP (3M-5S). Bytes 1 600 to 1 631 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 2T space TELP (4M-2S). Bytes 1 632 to 1 663 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 3T space TELP (4M-3S). Bytes 1 664 to 1 695 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 4T space TELP (4M-4S). Bytes 1 696 to 1 727 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TELP (4M-5S). Bytes 1 728 to 1 759 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 2T space TELP (5M-2S). Bytes 1 760 to 1 791 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 3T space TELP (5M-3S). Bytes 1 792 to 1 823 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 4T space TELP (5M-4S). Bytes 1 824 to 1 855 This Parameter Page shall specify the end last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 5T or longer space TELP (5M-5S). Bytes 1 856 to 1 887 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 2T space TSLP (2M-2S). Bytes 1 888 to 1 919 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 3T space TSLP (2M-3S). Bytes 1 920 to 1 951 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 4T space TSLP (2M-4S). Bytes 1 952 to 1 983 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 2T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TSLP (2M-5S). Bytes 1 984 to 2 015 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 2T space TSLP (3M-2S).

- 103 -

Bytes 2 016 to 2 047 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 3T space TSLP (3M-3S). Bytes 2 048 to 2 079 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 4T space TSLP (3M4S). Bytes 2 080 to 2 111 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 3T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TSLP (3M-5S). Bytes 2 112 to 2 143 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 2T space TSLP (4M-2S). Bytes 2 144 to 2 175 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 3T space TSLP (4M-3S). Bytes 2 176 to 2 207 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 4T space TSLP (4M-4S). Bytes 2 208 to 2 239 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 4T mark followed by a 5T or longer space TSLP (4M-5S). Bytes 2 240 to 2 271 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 2T space TSLP (5M-2S). Bytes 2 272 to 2 303 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 3T space TSLP (5M-3S). Bytes 2 304 to 2 335 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 4T space TSLP (5M-4S). Bytes 2 336 to 2 367 This Parameter Page shall specify the start last pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark followed by a 5T or longer space TSLP (5M-5S). Bytes 2 368 to 2 399 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 2T space TEFP (2S-2M). Bytes 2 400 to 2 431 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 2T space TEFP (2S-3M). Bytes 2 432 to 2 463 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 2T space TEFP (2S-4M). Bytes 2 464 to 2 495 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 2T space TEFP (2S-5M). Bytes 2 496 to 2 527 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 3T space TEFP (3S-2M).

- 104 -

Bytes 2 528 to 2 559 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 3T space TEFP (3S-3M). Bytes 2 560 to 2 591 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 3T space TEFP (3S4M). Bytes 2 592 to 2 623 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 3T space TEFP (3S-5M). Bytes 2 624 to 2 655 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 4T space TEFP (4S-2M). Bytes 2 656 to 2 687 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 4T space TEFP (4S-3M). Bytes 2 688 to 2 719 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 4T space TEFP (4S-4M). Bytes 2 720 to 2 751 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 4T space TEFP (4S-5M). Bytes 2 752 to 2 783 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 5T or longer space TEFP (5S-2M). Bytes 2 784 to 2 815 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 5T or longer space TEFP (5S-3M). Bytes 2 816 to 2 847 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 5T or longer space TEFP (5S-4M). Bytes 2 848 to 2 879 This Parameter Page shall specify the end first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 5T or longer space TEFP (5S-5M). Bytes 2 880 to 2 911 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 2T space TSFP (2S-2M). Bytes 2 912 to 2 943 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 2T space TSFP (2S-3M). Bytes 2 944 to 2 975 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 2T space TSFP (2S-4M). Bytes 2 976 to 3 007 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 2T space TSFP (2S-5M). Bytes 3 008 to 3 039 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 3T space TSFP (3S-2M).

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Bytes 3 040 to 3 071 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 3T space TSFP (3S-3M). Bytes 3 072 to 3 103 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 3T space TSFP (3S-4M). Bytes 3 104 to 3 135 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 3T space TSFP (3S-5M). Bytes 3 136 to 3 167 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 4T space TSFP (4S-2M). Bytes 3 168 to 3 199 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 4T space TSFP (4S-3M). Bytes 3 200 to 3 231 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 4T space TSFP (4S-4M). Bytes 3 232 to 3 263 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 4T space TSFP (4S-5M). Bytes 3 264 to 3 295 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 5T or longer space TSFP (5S-2M). Bytes 3 296 to 3 327 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 5T or longer space TSFP (5S-3M). Bytes 3 328 to 3 359 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 5T or longer space TSFP (5S-4M). Bytes 3 360 to 3 391 This Parameter Page shall specify the start first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 5T or longer space TSFP (5S-5M). Bytes 3 392 to 3 423 This Parameter Page shall specify the erase multi-pulse 3 delay TER3. Bytes 3 424 to 3 455 This Parameter Page shall specify the erase multi-pulse 1 delay TER1. Bytes 3 456 to 3 487 This Parameter Page shall specify the erase multi-pulse 4 delay TER4. Bytes 3 488 to 3 519 This Parameter Page shall specify the erase multi-pulse 2 delay TER2. Bytes 3 520 to 3 551 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 5T marks TEMP5M. Bytes 3 552 to 3 583 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 6T marks TEMP6M. Bytes 3 584 to 3 615 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 7T marks TEMP7M. Bytes 3 616 to 3 647 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 8T marks TEMP8M. - 106 -

Bytes 3 648 to 3 679: This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 9T marks TEMP9M. Bytes 3 680 to 3 711 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 10T marks TEMP10M. Bytes 3 712 to 3 743 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 11T marks TEMP11M. Bytes 3 744 to 3 775 This Parameter Page shall specify the end multi-pulse delay for 12T or longer marks TEMPLM. Bytes 3 776 to 3 967 specify the enable bit fields for Multi-T mode inner pulses. The contents of the different enable bit fields for various mark lengths specified by these bytes are given in Table I.3. A ‘0’ bit indicates inner pulse is disabled (missing) and ‘1’ bit indicates inner pulse is enabled (present). The most significant bit of MPxM fields corresponds to the first inner pulse and the least significant bit to the last inner pulse. Table I.3 — Multi-T mode enable bit fields for various mark lengths Paramete r MTA MTB MTC MTD MTE MTF NOTES MTEN MP4M MP5M MP6M MP7M MP8M MP9M MP10M MP11M MPLM

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

MP7M

Bit 2

Bit 1

MPLM [2:0] MPLM[10:3]

MP6M

MP8M

MP5M MP4M

MP9M MP10M MP11M

Multi-T mode enable bit (‘0’ disables Multi-T mode, ‘1’ enables Multi-T mode) Multi-Pulse for 4T marks Multi-Pulses for 5T marks Multi-Pulses for 6T marks Multi-Pulses for 7T marks Multi-Pulses for 8T marks Multi-Pulses for 9T marks Multi-Pulses for 10T marks Multi-Pulses for 11T marks Multi-Pulses for 12T or longer marks

Bytes 3 776 to 3 807 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTA. Bytes 3 808 to 3 839 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTB. Bytes 3 840 to 3 871 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTC. Bytes 3 872 to 3 903 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTD. Bytes 3 904 to 3 935 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTE. Bytes 3 936 to 3 967 This Parameter Page shall specify the Multi-T mode enable bit field MTF. Bytes 3 968 to 3 999 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 5T marks TSMP5M. - 107 -

Bit 0 MTEN

Bytes 4 000 to 4 031 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 6T marks TSMP6M. Bytes 4 032 to 4 063 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 7T marks TSMP7M. Bytes 4 064 to 4 095 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 8T marks TSMP8M. Bytes 4 096 to 4 127 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 9T marks TSMP9M. Bytes 4 128 to 4 159 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 10T marks TSMP10M. Bytes 4 160 to 4 191 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 11T marks TSMP11M. Bytes 4 192 to 4 223 This Parameter Page shall specify the start multi-pulse delay for 12T or longer marks TSMPLM. Bytes 4 224 to 4 255 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 2T space followed by a 2T mark TEER (2S-2M). Bytes 4 256 to 4 287 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 2T space followed by a 3T mark TEER (2S-3M). Bytes 4 288 to 4 319 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 2T space followed by a 4T mark TEER (2S-4M). Bytes 4 320 to 4 351 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 2T space followed by a 5T or longer mark TEER (2S-5M). Bytes 4 352 to 4 383 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 3T space followed by a 2T mark TEER (3S-2M). Bytes 4 384 to 4 415 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 3T space followed by a 3T mark TEER (3S-3M). Bytes 4 416 to 4 447 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 3T space followed by a 4T mark TEER (3S-4M). Bytes 4 448 to 4 479 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 3T space followed by a 5T or longer mark TEER (3S-5M). Bytes 4 480 to 4 511 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 4T space followed by a 2T mark TEER (4S-2M). Bytes 4 512 to 4 543 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 4T space followed by a 3T mark TEER (4S-3M). Bytes 4 544 to 4 575 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 4T space followed by a 4T mark TEER (4S-4M).

- 108 -

Bytes 4 576 to 4 607 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 4T space followed by a 5T or longer mark TEER (4S-5M). Bytes 4 608 to 4 639 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 5T or longer space followed by a 2T mark TEER (5S-2M). Bytes 4 640 to 4 671 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 5T or longer space followed by a 3T mark TEER (5S-3M). Bytes 4 672 to 4 703 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 5T or longer space followed by a 4T mark TEER (5S-4M). Bytes 4 704 to 4 735 This Parameter Page shall specify the end erase pulse delay of a 5T or longer space followed by a 5T or longer mark TEER (5S-5M). Bytes 4 736 to 4 767 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 2T space TMFP (2S-2M). Bytes 4 768 to 4 799 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 2T space TMFP (2S-3M). Bytes 4 800 to 4 831 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 2T space TMFP (2S-4M). Bytes 4 832 to 4 863 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 2T space TMFP (2S-5M). Bytes 4 864 to 4 895 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 3T space TMFP (3S-2M). Bytes 4 896 to 4 927 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 3T space TMFP (3S-3M). Bytes 4 928 to 4 959 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 3T space TMFP (3S-4M). Bytes 4 960 to 4 991 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 3T space TMFP (3S-5M). Bytes 4 992 to 5 023 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 4T space TMFP (4S-2M). Bytes 5 024 to 5 055 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 4T space TMFP (4S-3M). Bytes 5 056 to 5 087 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 4T space TMFP (4S-4M).

- 109 -

Bytes 5 088 to 5 119 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 4T space TMFP (4S-5M). Bytes 5 120 to 5 151 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 2T mark following a 5T or longer space TMFP (5S-2M). Bytes 5 152 to 5 183 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 3T mark following a 5T or longer space TMFP (5S-3M). Bytes 5 184 to 5 215 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 4T mark following a 5T or longer space TMFP (5S-4M). Bytes 5 216 to 5 247 This Parameter Page shall specify the start middle first pulse delay of a 5T or longer mark following a 5T or longer space TMFP (5S-5M). Bytes 5 248 to 8 189 These bytes are Unspecified and shall be ignored in interchange. Media manufacturers may use these bytes at their discretion to record additional disk information. Bytes 8 190 and 8 191 These bytes shall be recorded with the SDI Identifier Complement. Both bytes shall be recorded with (2Dh) to indicate that this is a SDI Sector.

- 110 -

Annex J (normative)

CRC Calculation for SDI, DDS, PDL, and SDL Sectors

The CRC calculation generates a 16-bit word computed over the first 8 190 bytes of the Sector. The CRC calculation uses a 256-word look up table (See Table J.1) and the following iterative algorithm: CRC 0 = FFFFh For k = 0 to 8189 CRC k+1 = Table[(CRC k >> 8)

Byte k]

(CRC k << 8)

where Byte 0 is the first byte of the Sector, Table[n] means the look up table value at index n, (A >> B) means logical right shift of word A by B bits, (A << B) means logical left shift of word A by B bits, means Exclusive-OR logical operation, and CRC 8 190 is the calculated 16-bit CRC word. The MSB of CRC 8 190 shall be recorded in Byte 8 190 and the LSB of CRC 8 190 shall be recorded in Byte 8 191 of the Sector.

- 111 -

Table J.1 — CRC calculation look up table Index

Value

(Hex)

00–07

0000

1021

2042

3063

4084

50A5

60C6

70E7

08–0F

8108

9129

A14A

B16B

C18C

D1AD

E1CE

F1EF

10–17

1231

0210

3273

2252

52B5

4294

72F7

62D6

18–1F

9339

8318

B37B

A35A

D3BD

C39C

F3FF

E3DE

20–27

2462

3443

0420

1401

64E6

74C7

44A4

5485

28–2F

A56A

B54B

8528

9509

E5EE

F5CF

C5AC

D58D

30–37

3653

2672

1611

0630

76D7

66F6

5695

46B4

38–3F

B75B

A77A

9719

8738

F7DF

E7FE

D79D

C7BC

40–47

48C4

58E5

6886

78A7

0840

1861

2802

3823

48–4F

C9CC

D9ED

E98E

F9AF

8948

9969

A90A

B92B

50–57

5AF5

4AD4

7AB7

6A96

1A71

0A50

3A33

2A12

58–5F

DBFD

CBDC

FBBF

EB9E

9B79

8B58

BB3B

AB1A

60–67

6CA6

7C87

4CE4

5CC5

2C22

3C03

0C60

1C41

68–6F

EDAE

FD8F

CDEC

DDCD

AD2A

BD0B

8D68

9D49

70–77

7E97

6EB6

5ED5

4EF4

3E13

2E32

1E51

0E70

78–7F

FF9F

EFBE

DFDD

CFFC

BF1B

AF3A

9F59

8F78

80–87

9188

81A9

B1CA

A1EB

D10C

C12D

F14E

E16F

88–8F

1080

00A1

30C2

20E3

5004

4025

7046

6067

90–97

83B9

9398

A3FB

B3DA

C33D

D31C

E37F

F35E

98–9F

02B1

1290

22F3

32D2

4235

5214

6277

7256

A0–A7

B5EA

A5CB

95A8

8589

F56E

E54F

D52C

C50D

A8–AF

34E2

24C3

14A0

0481

7466

6447

5424

4405

B0–B7

A7DB

B7FA

8799

97B8

E75F

F77E

C71D

D73C

B8–BF

26D3

36F2

0691

16B0

6657

7676

4615

5634

C0–C7

D94C

C96D

F90E

E92F

99C8

89E9

B98A

A9AB

C8–CF

5844

4865

7806

6827

18C0

08E1

3882

28A3

D0–D7

CB7D

DB5C

EB3F

FB1E

8BF9

9BD8

ABBB

BB9A

D8–DF

4A75

5A54

6A37

7A16

0AF1

1AD0

2AB3

3A92

E0–E7

FD2E

ED0F

DD6C

CD4D

BDAA

AD8B

9DE8

8DC9

E8–EF

7C26

6C07

5C64

4C45

3CA2

2C83

1CE0

0CC1

F0–F7

EF1F

FF3E

CF5D

DF7C

AF9B

BFBA

8FD9

9FF8

F8–FF

6E17

7E36

4E55

5E74

2E93

3EB2

0ED1

1EF0

- 112 -

Annex K (normative)

Data field scrambler implementation

K.1 Data field scrambler purpose The purpose of Data field scrambling is to randomize user data to generate various mark and space lengths in the encoded data. The data scrambler tends to reduce the d.c. content of the encoded data waveform. This is of primary importance for Sectors with block of fixed data bytes. In these cases, without scrambling, the encoded data could consist of the same repeated patterns, which can generate a large d.c. content.

K.2 Data field scrambler order of processing The Data field shall be as detailed in Annex G. The entire Data field except for Resync and Reference fields shall be scrambled. The order of processing for encoding shall be 1 Interleave user data and Control bytes 2 Generate CRC and ECC bytes 3 Scramble bytes of the Data field 4 Insert Resync and Reference fields (not scrambled) The order of processing for decoding shall be the reverse of the encoding process 1 Remove Resync and Reference fields 2 Unscramble bytes of Data field 3 Perform ECC and check CRC 4 De-interleave user data and Control bytes

K.3 Data field scrambler circuit and preset values The scrambling byte generation circuit shall be as shown in Figure K.1. The circuit consists of a feedback bit shift register in which bits r 7 (msb) to r 0 (lsb) are used as a scrambling byte at each 8bit shift. The initial preset number, shown in Table K.1 is equivalent to least significant 4 bits of the PBA value, b 3 to b 0, in which b 3 is the msb and b 0 is the lsb. At the beginning of each Data field, the initial value of r14 to r 0 shall be preset corresponding to the PBA of the Sector as shown in Table K.1 (the msb of the pre-set value shall be discarded). The initial value shall be changed every Sector, and after 16 Sectors, the sequence shall be repeated. The lower 8 bits of the initial values of r 7 to r 0 shall be taken out as scrambling byte S 1. After that, the 8-bit shift shall be repeated for each scrambled byte of the Data field. As a result, scrambling bytes S2 to Sn shall be taken from the shift register at each 8-bit shift.

- 113 -

Table K.1 — Initial value of shift register

r14

r13

r12

Initial preset number

Initial register value

(0)

(0001)

(1)

(5500)

(2)

(0002)

(3)

(2A00)

(4)

(0004)

(5)

(5400)

(6)

(0008)

(7)

(2800)

(8)

(0010)

(9)

(5000)

(A)

(0020)

(B)

(2001)

(C)

(0040)

(D)

(4002)

(E)

(0080)

(F)

(0005)

r 11

r10

Figure K.1 — Feedback shift register for generating the scrambling byte

Scrambling for data byte D k in Figure K.1 is defined as follows: D’k = D k

(k = 1 to n)

where D’k is the scrambled data byte D k is an unscrambled data byte Sk is the scrambling byte from the feedback shift register n is the number of data bytes to be scrambled in the Data field and

means Exclusive-OR logical operation.

- 114 -

Annex L (normative)

Definition of the write pulse shape The waveforms of the NRZ signal and the shape of the light pulse for both Type RW and Type WORM media shall be as shown in Figure L.1 (with corresponding parameters as defined in Table L.2). NRZ Signal 7T

Shape of the Light Pulse TECP

TECP TEFP

TEMP

TSFP

TELP

TEFP

TSLP

TSFP

TELP

TECP TEFP

TSLP

TSFP PFW PMP PLW

PER

PCL PB

First Pulse

Last Pulse

Multi-Pulses Write Pulse

First

Cooling

Last

Multi-Pulse

Cooling

Write Pulse

First Cooling Write Pulse

Figure L.1 — Write pulse shape definitions

The laser power levels shown are for reference and do not imply a specific ordering of pulse power. For example, PLW may be higher than PFW , PMP may be higher than PFW , PCL may be lower than PB, etc. For Type WORM media, the erase power level PER may be set to a lower power (i.e. same as PB). The rise and fall times specified in 24.3.1 shall be measured as the time required to transition from the 10 % to 90 % or 90 % to 10 % points between any of the sequential optical power levels shown in Figure L.1.

- 115 -

Table L.2 — Contents of the time delay parameters used in the write pulse strategy Parameter

Content

TSFP

Time delay of Start First Pulse: This time defines the start location of the first write pulse of a mark. It starts 1T before the space-mark transition of the NRZ signal. It is depending on the space-mark lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PFW .

TEFP

Time delay of End First Pulse: This time defines the end location of the first write pulse of a mark. It starts 1T before the space-mark transition of the NRZ signal. It is depending on the space-mark lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PCL for 2T marks and PB for marks longer than 2T.

TX1

Time delay of Extra One: This time defines the start location of the second pulse of a write sequence (for mark at least 4T long). It starts 1T after the space-mark transition of the NRZ signal. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TX3

Time delay of Extra Three: This time defines the end location of the second pulse of a write sequence (for mark at least 4T long). It starts 1T after the space-mark transition of the NRZ signal. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TSMP

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse: This time defines the start location of the third or more inner write pulse of a mark (for mark at least 5T long). It starts at every middle T of a long mark (at 2T, 3T, 4T, . . . after the space-mark transition). The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TX2

Time delay of Extra Two: This time defines the end location of the third write pulse of a mark (for mark at least 5T long). It starts 2T after the space-mark transition of the NRZ signal. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB.

TEMP

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse. This time defines the end location of the third or more inner write pulse started by TSMP (for mark at least 6T long). It starts at every middle T of a long mark (at 3T, 4T, 5T, . . . after the space-mark transition). The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMPP

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse Programmable. This time defines the end location of the last inner write pulse started by TSMP (for mark at least 4T long). It starts 3T before the markspace transition of the NRZ signal. It is depending on the mark-space lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TMFP

Time delay of Start Middle First Pulse: This time defines the start location of the first inner pulse of a mark. It starts 1T before the space-mark transition. It is depending on the spacemark lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMFW .

TSLP

Time delay of Start Last Pulse. This time defines the start location of the last write pulse of a mark (for mark at least 3T long). It starts 2T before the mark-space transition of the NRZ signal. The power level selected at the end of this time is PLW .

TELP

Time delay of End Last Pulse: This time defines the end location of the last write pulse of a mark (for mark at least 3T long). It starts 2T before the mark-space transition of the NRZ signal. It is depending on the mark-space lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is the final cooling power following a mark, PCL.

TECP

Time delay of End Cooling Pulse. This time defines the end location of the final cooling pulse, and starts the erase power of the space region. It starts 1T before the mark-space transition. It is depending on the mark-space lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PER.

TER2

Time delay of Start Erase Multi-Pulse Two: This time defines the start location of the first erase multi-pulse of a space. It starts at the mark-space transition. The power level selected at the end of this time is PER.

TER1

Time delay of End Erase Multi-Pulse One: This time defines the end location of the first erase multi-pulse of a space. It starts at the mark-space transition. The power level selected at the end of this time is PEER. - 116 -

TER4

Time delay of Start Erase Multi-Pulse Four: This time defines the start location of the second (and subsequent) erase multi-pulses of a space. It starts 1T after the mark-space transition. The power level selected at the end of this time is PER.

TER3

Time delay of End Erase Multi-Pulse Three: This time defines the end location of the second (and subsequent) erase multi-pulses of a space. It starts 1T after the mark-space transition. The power level selected at the end of this time is PEER.

TEER

Time delay of End Erase Multi-Pulse: This time defines the end location of the final erase multi-pulse of a space. It starts 1T before the space-mark transition. It is depending on the space-mark lengths. The power level selected at the end of this time is PEER.

TSMP *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 4T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 4T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP5M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 5T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 5T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP6M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 6T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 6T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP7M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 7T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 7T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP8M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 8T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 8T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP9M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 9T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 9T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP10M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 10T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 10T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMP11M *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for 11T Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 11T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TSMPLM *

Time delay of Start Multi-Pulse for Long Mark: This time defines the start location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 12T or longer mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PMP .

TEMP *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 4T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 4T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP5M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 5T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 5T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP6M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 6T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 6T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP7M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 7T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 7T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

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TEMP8M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 8T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 8T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP9M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 9T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 9T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP10M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 10T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 10T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMP11M *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for 11T Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 11T mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

TEMPLM *

Time delay of End Multi-Pulse for Long Mark: This time defines the end location of each of the enabled inner pulses of a 12T or longer mark. It starts at each enabled inner pulse boundary. The power level selected at the end of this time is PB .

* NOTE See Table I.3 of Annex I for definition of enable bit fields for Multi-T mode inner pulses

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Annex M (normative)

Requirements for interchange

M.1 Equipment for writing The disk under test shall have been written with arbitrary data by a disk drive for data interchange used in the operating environment.

M.2 Test equipment for reading M.2.1 General The read test shall be performed on a test drive in the test environment. The rotational direction and frequency of the disk when reading shall be as defined in 9.5.

M.2.2 Read Channel M.2.2.1 Characteristics of the optical beam The optical beam used for reading shall comply with the requirements of 9.2. M.2.2.2 Read pow er The read power shall be 420 µW ± 20 µW. M.2.2.3 Read amplifier The read amplifier after the photo detectors shall have a flat response from d.c. to 60 MHz within 1 dB. M . 2 . 2 . 4 A n a l o g t o b i n a r y c o n ve r s i o n The signals from the read amplifier shall be converted from analog to binary. The converter for the Read Channel shall work properly for signals from user written marks with properties as defined in Clause 27. M . 2 . 2 . 5 B i n a r y t o d i g i t a l c o n ve r s i o n The binary signal shall be converted to a digital signal according to the rules of the recording codes of Clause 17.

M.2.3 Tracking The open-loop transfer function for the axial and radial tracking servo shall be 1 ω0 H s (iω ) = × c iω

iωc ω0 × iω 1+ cω 0 1+

where ω = 2πf, ω0 = 2πf0, i=

-1

with an accuracy such that ⏐1 + H⏐ shall not deviate more than ± 20 % from its nominal value in the bandwidth from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The open-loop 0 dB frequency f 0 shall be 1 700 Hz for the axial servo and 2 540 Hz for the radial servo. The open-loop d.c. gain of the axial servo shall be at least 80 dB.

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M.3 Requirements for the digital read signals A byte error is defined by a byte in which one or more bits have a wrong setting, as detected by the error detection and correction circuit.

M.3.1 Sector acceptance Any Sector accepted as valid during the writing process shall not contain byte errors after the error correction circuit.

M.3.2 Sector Defect Management Any Sector not accepted as valid during the writing process shall have been rewritten according to the rules for Defect Management.

M.4 Requirements for the digital servo signals The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

M.5 Requirement for interchange An interchanged optical disk cartridge meets the requirements for interchangeability if it meets the requirements of M.3 and M.4 when it is written on an interchange drive according to M.1 and read on a test drive according to M.2. Data for interchange shall be written and read anywhere within the User Area.

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Annex N (informative)

Office environment

N.1 Air cleanliness Due to their construction and mode of operation, optical disk cartridges have considerable resistance to the effects of dust particles around and inside the disk drive. Consequently, it is not generally necessary to take special precautions to maintain a sufficiently low concentration of dust particles. Operation in heavy concentrations of dust should be avoided, e.g. in a machine shop or on a building site. Office environment implies an environment in which personnel may spend a full working day without protection and without suffering temporary or permanent discomfort.

N.2 Effects of operation In the office environment (as well as other environments) it is possible for an optical disk drive to degrade the quality of the written marks if the read power is applied to a single track for a long period of time. This would happen if a media in a drive remains loaded, the drive remains in the ready status, and is in jump-back mode on one particular track. The media manufacturer’s selection of the value for the maximum read power allowed in the User Zones, as well as the optical drive manufacturer’s read power management method, should reflect this possibility and be designed to minimize any risk to data integrity.

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Annex O (informative)

Derivation of the operating climatic environment This annex gives some background on how some of the conditions of the operating environment in 8.1.2 have been derived.

O.1 Standard climatic environment classes The conditions of the ODC operating environment are, with a few exceptions mentioned below, based on parameter values of the IEC standard climatic environment class 3K3 described in IEC publication 721-3-3. This publication defines environmental classes for stationary use of equipment at weather-protected locations. The IEC class 3K3 refers to climatic conditions which ". . . may be found in normal living or working areas, e.g. living rooms, rooms for general use (theatres restaurants etc.), offices, shops, workshops for electronic assemblies and other electrotechnical products, telecommunication centres, storage rooms for valuable and sensitive products."

O.2 Overtemperature considerations While IEC class 3K3 defines the limits for the room climate only, the ODC operating environment specification in this Ecma Standard takes into consideration also system and drive overtemperature. This means that when inserted in a drive, the ODC will sense a temperature which is above the ambient room temperature. The figures in the operating environment specification have been calculated from the assumption that overtemperature may be up to 20°C.

O.3 Absolute humidity The introduction of the parameter "absolute humidity (unit: g water / m 3 of air)" is very useful when studying overtemperature. When the temperature rises inside a drive, the relative humidity goes down but the absolute humidity remains substantially constant. So, making room for overtemperature in the operating environment specification affects not only the upper temperature limit but also the lower relative humidity limit. The relationship between these parameters is shown in the climatogram (the relative humidity vs. temperature map) of the ODC operating environment, Figure O.1. The absolute humidity restrictions influence the operating environment in the following two ways: i. Combination of high temperatures and high relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations could have negative influence on the performance and the life of ODCs. ii. Combinations of low temperatures and low relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations are very unlikely to occur in worldwide normal office environments.

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O.4 Deviations from the IEC standard environment class Apart from the change introduced by the overtemperature considerations above, there are a few more parameter values which are not based on IEC class 3K3. These are: — Atmospheric pressure The IEC 3K3 lower limit of 70 kPa has been extended to 60 kPa. ODCs according to this Ecma Standard show no intrinsic pressure sensitivity and 70 kPa excludes some possible markets for ODCs. — Absolute humidity The IEC 3K3 value for the upper limit of 25 g/m3 has been raised to 30 g/m 3 in view of some expected operation in portable devices outside the controlled office environment. — Temperature The maximum temperature around the ODC, i.e. room temperature plus overtemperature, has been limited to 55 °C (while IEC 3K3 + 20 °C would have become 60 °C). For ODCs according to this Ecma Standard, however, the 55 °C limit is considered to be a physical limit above which operation (as well as storage) is not safe. This means that equipment designers may want to ensure adequate cooling inside the drive especially when the room temperature approaches the upper IEC 3K3 limit of 40 °C. — Further The rates of change (the gradients) of temperature and relative humidity are not according to IEC 3K3.

O.5 Wet bulb temperature specifications Instead of specifying limits for the absolute humidity, some of the earlier standards for ODCs as well as those for other digital data storage media often use restrictions of the parameter "wet bulb temperature (unit: °C)" in order to avoid too severe combinations of high temperatures and high relative humidities. In order to facilitate comparisons between different specifications, Figure O.2 and Table O.1 show wet bulb temperatures of interest for the ODC operating environment, as well as for the test and storage environments. Since wet bulb temperatures vary slightly with the atmospheric pressure, the diagram is valid for the normal pressure of 101,3 kPa only.

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Absolute air humidity (g/m 3)

Figure O.1 — Climatogram of IEC Class 3K3 and the ODC operating environment

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Wet Bulb temperature (°C) -20

-10

100

A B

Relative humidity (%)

30 g/m3 60

T T

C 20

1g/m3 10

F D

0 -20

-10

Air temperature (°C) 95-0186-A-Revised

Figure O.2 — Wet bulb temperatures of the operating and storage environments

The points A to I and area T are defined in Table O.1.

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Table O.1 — Position of the main points of Figure O.2 Air temperature

Relative humidity

°C

Wet bulb temperature °C

31,7

90,0

30,3

32,8

85,0

30,6

55,0

28,8

35,5

55,0

3,0

22,2

31,7

3,0

12,1

5,0

14,7

- 1,4

- 10,0

90,0

- 10,3

5,0

85,0

3,9

10,0

46,8

- 11,6

Test environment (T)

23,0 ± 2,0

50,0 ± 5,0

---

Storage environment

Region determined by A-B-C-D-E-F-G

Operating environment

Region determined by B-C-D-E-F-H

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Annex P (informative)

Transportation

P.1 General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for different periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world it is not possible to specify conditions for transportation or for packaging.

P.2 Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in the absence of such agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take account of the following hazards.

P.2.1 Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

P.2.2 Impact loads and vibration Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the cartridge. Avoid dropping the cartridge. Cartridges should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock absorbent material. The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

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Annex Q (informative)

Track deviation measurement The deviation of a track from its nominal location is measured in the same way as a drive sees a track, i.e. through a tracking servo. The strength of the Reference Servo used for the test is in general less that the strength of the same servo in a normal drive. The difference in strength is intended for margins in the drive. The deviation of the track is related to the tracking error between the track and the focus of the optical beam, remaining after the Reference Servo. The tracking error directly influences the performance of the drive, and is the best criterion for testing track deviations. The specification of the axial and radial deviations can be described in the same terms. Therefore, this annex applies to both axial and radial track deviations.

Q.1 Relation between requirements The acceleration required by the motor of the tracking servo to make the focus of the optical beam follow the tracks on the disk (see 11.4.6 and 11.4.8) is a measure for the allowed deviations of the tracks. An additional measure is the allowed tracking error between the focus and the track (see 22.2.4). The relation between both is given in Figure Q.1 where the maximum allowed amplitude of a sinusoidal track deviation is given as a function of the frequency of the deviation. It is assumed in the figure that there is only one sinusoidal deviation present at a time.

log (x

max )

max

log(f )

94-0145-A

Figure Q.1 — Maximum allowed amplitude of a single, sinusoidal track deviation

At low frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude x max is given by 2

x max = a max / (2πf) ,

(1)

where a max is the maximum acceleration of the servo motor.

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At high frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude x max is given by x max = e max

(2)

where e max is the maximum allowed tracking error. The connection between both frequency regions is given in Q.3.

Q.2 Reference Servo The above restrictions of the track deviations are equal to the restriction of the track deviations for a Reference Servo. A Reference Servo has a well-defined transfer function, and reduces a single, sinusoidal track deviation with amplitude x max to a tracking error e max as in Figure Q.1. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo shall be ω0 1 H s (iω ) = × c iω

iω c ω0 × iω 1+ cω 0 1+

(3)

where i= -1 , ω = 2πf and ω0 = 2πf0, with f0 the 0 dB frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The constant c gives the cross-over frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo: the lead break f0 and the lag break frequency f2 = f0 × c . The reduction of a track deviation x to a frequency f1 = c tracking error e by the Reference Servo is given by 1 e = x 1+ H s

(4)

If the 0 dB frequency is specified as ω0 =

amax c emax

(5)

then a low-frequency track deviation with an acceleration a max will be reduced to a tracking error e max, and a high frequency track deviation will not be reduced. The curve in Figure Q.1 is given by x max = e max 1 + H s

(6)

The maximum acceleration required from the motor of this Reference Servo is a max (motor) = e max ω2 1 + H s

(7)

At low frequencies f > f0 / c applies a max (motor) = a max (track) =

ω 0 2emax

(8)

Hence, it is permitted to use a max(motor) as specified for low frequencies in 11.4.6 and 11.4.8 for the calculation of ω0 of a Reference Servo.

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Q.3 Requirement for track deviations The track deviations shall be such that, when tracking with a Reference Servo on a disk rotating at the specified frequency, the tracking error shall not be larger than e max during more than 10 µs. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo for axial and radial tracking shall be given by equation (3) within an accuracy such that |1 + H| does not differ by more than ± 20% from its nominal value in a bandwidth from 20 Hz to 150 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The 0 dB frequency ω0 shall be given by equation (5), where a max and e max for axial and radial tracking are specified in 2π 11.4.6, 11.4.8 and 22.2.4.

Q.4 Measurement implementation Three possible implementations for axial or radial measurement systems have been given below. H a is the open-loop transfer function of the actual tracking servo of the drive. H s is the transfer function for the Reference Servo as given in equation (3). x and y are the position of the track and the focus of the optical beam. e s is the tracking error after a Reference Servo, the signal of which has to be checked according to the previous paragraph.

Position sensor + y

Servo

Filter 1 1 + HS

94-0081-B

Figure Q.2 — Implementation of a Reference Servo by filtering the track position signal with the reduction characteristics of the Reference Servo

Figure Q.3 — Implementation of a Reference Servo by changing the transfer function of the actual servo

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1+ Ha 1+ Hs Ha

94-0083-B

Figure Q.4 — Implementation of a Reference Servo by changing the tracking error of the actual servo

The optimum implementation depends on the characteristics H a and H s . Good results for motors in leaf springs are often obtained by using separate circuits in a low and high frequency channel. The implementation of Figure Q.2 is used in the low-frequency channel, while that of Figures Q.3 or Q.4 is used in the high-frequency channel. The signals from both channels are added with a reversed cross-over filter to get the required tracking error. In the low-frequency channel one can also use the current through the motor as a measure of the acceleration of the motor, provided the latter is free from hysteresis. The current must be corrected for the transfer function of the motor and then be e e = derived from equation (4). converted to a tracking error with a filter with a transfer function a xω 2

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Annex R (informative)

Measurement of the vertical birefringence of the cover layer This annex describes a non-contact measurement method for optical disk cover layer birefringence. This technique will yield average or bulk values of both in-plane birefringence (IPB) and vertical birefringence (VB) with one procedure. The method uses a slightly modified variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer (VASE), although the variable wavelength capability is unnecessary for a simple characterization at the operating point of this Ecma Standard. The method assumes the principal optical axes of the cover layer align with the polar r, φ, z directions of the disk, which is valid for the type of cover layer considered. Finally, the method described also assumes that the contribution of the ellipticity of the coated Phase Change film(s) to the measured optical retardation is negligible compared to the contribution of cover layer material. An ellipsometric measurement of the phase retardation between orthogonal polarization states for a range of incident angles is made to uniquely determine the cover layer refractive indexes for the three principal directions (Nr, N φ, N z ). This range of incident angles should be restricted only to limitations of the apparatus on the low angle side, and beam walk off on the high angle side. Angles ranging from - 70 o to + 70o are recommended. Three angles would generally be the minimum necessary to establish VB. For a disk where the principal optical axes are aligned with the cylindrical coordinates of the disk (which is almost universally the case), the following equation expresses the retardation as a function of angle of incidence to the indexes of the disk: N r, N φ, N z . The retardation data are regression fit to the non-linear analytical expression given below, and the indexes are determined as free parameters.

⎛

Δ = d× ⎜

⎝

Nr - sin (θ ) 2

Nφ Nz

⎞

Nz - sin (θ ) ⎟ 2

⎠

where Δ is the retardation and d is the thickness of the cover layer. The birefringence results from the differences between the indexes In-plane:

ΔN in = N r - N φ

Vertical:

ΔN vert = 0,5 (N r + N φ) - N z

The dimensionless birefringence can be expressed in length units by multiplying ΔNin or ΔNvert by the cover layer thickness. In this case, the birefringence is expressed as nm of retardation.

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Annex S (informative)

Start Position Shift (SPS) implementation

S.1 Start Position Shift purpose The purpose of SPS is to change the physical position of the start of recorded data to extend the cycle life of Type RW media. The rewrite cycle life of Type RW media is increased using two mechanisms. The first mechanism is to distribute the thermal shock to the recording layer near the beginning and end of the written data area. The second mechanism is to shift the position and polarity of the recorded data to minimize the effect of writing identical data patterns in the same location every time. The SPS algorithm uses two random shift values M and N and a random polarity bit P. The value of M shifts the data start position. The value of N shifts the start and end positions of the written data. The polarity of the data to be written is controlled by the value of P.

S.2 Start Position Shift random signal generation The SPS random signal generator circuit is shown in Figure S.1. The circuit consists of a feedback shift register in which bits r 0 to r 6 are used as the value of M, r 7 to r 13 are used as the value of N, and r 14 is used as P. The shift register can be continuously clocked using the channel clock source, and the values of M, N, and P are sampled (latched) prior to writing each Sector. The feedback shift register shall be initialized with all bits set to ONE. If the register is initialized with all bits set to ZERO, the register value will remain unchanged (all bits equal ZERO).

r14

r13

r12

r11

r10

M Figure S.1 — SPS random signal generator circuit

M = 0 to 127

Data position shift

N = 0 to127

Start position shift

P = 0 or 1

Positive / negative write polarity

means Exclusive-OR logical operation.

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Annex T (informative)

Sector retirement guidelines

This Ecma Standard assumes approximately 75 000 Sectors may be replaced in any of the following cases: —

A Sector does not have at least 3 of 5 matching Track numbers and 2 of 3 matching Sector numbers with valid ADIP parity.

—

A Sector has a PBA that is contradictory to the one anticipated by the preceding PBAs.

—

The total number of defective bytes exceeds 152 bytes in a Sector.

—

The number of defective bytes exceeds 6 bytes in any ECC interleave (codeword).

—

For Type WORM media, the number of data transitions in the VAP field exceeds 20 in an unrecorded Sector.

—

The axial tracking error exceeds acceptable limits during writing.

—

The radial tracking error exceeds acceptable limits during writing.

—

The wobble groove PLL timing error exceeds acceptable limits during writing.

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Annex U (informative)

Guidelines for the use of Type WORM ODCs

This annex lists some important points to be observed when using Type WORM media specified by this Ecma Standard. a.

Read the status of the Media Sensor holes and the SDI Sectors when the ODC is inserted to ascertain the media type, so as to enable and/or disable the appropriate host commands.

Read the DDS Sectors to determine if the disk has been initialized. If it has been initialized, do not allow modification or amendment of the DDS. If it has not been initialized, do not allow logical block access to the WORM Zone.

Before writing a Sector, it must be determined whether or not the Sector has already been written. This can be done by checking the VAP field for data transitions prior to writing each Sector. If sufficient transitions in the VAP field are detected, the Sector shall not be written.

Disallow commands that can directly or indirectly alter written data such as SCSI Erase.

It is recommended that SCSI Write Long and SCSI Write PBA commands be disallowed.

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Annex V (informative)

Laser power calibration for evaluation of media power parameters

V.1 Variance of testing condition The laser power of the media tester should be calibrated carefully since the values of the media power parameters, defined in 24.3, are easily affected by the variation allowed for in the Reference Drive. The laser spot profile on the recording layer varies with the optical characteristics allowed by the Reference Drive as specified in 9.2. Table V.1 shows the best and worst conditions allowed by the Reference Drive from the point of view of the write power sensitivity. Table V.1 — The best and worst conditions allowed for the Reference Drive

V.2

Parameter

Best condition

Worst condition

405 nm

410 nm

λ/NA

471 nm

488 nm

Wave front aberration

0,033 λ rms

Disk tilt

5,6 mrad

Variation of the cover layer thickness

2 µm

Power calibration Laser power calibration of the tester should be done in the following manner. Use of a high-speed front power monitor is recommended for precise calibration. Step 1 Calibrate the high-speed front monitor by using a power meter (Figure V.1). —

The calibration can be done in a d.c. laser operation with a d.c. power meter.

—

For the purpose of observing the write pulse shape during writing, a high speed (>500 MHz) front power monitor is recommended.

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Optical power meter

High-speed front power monitor ( > 500 MHz)

_._ mW

Data and servo detectors

Laser diode Oscilloscope

Figure V.1 — Calibration of the front power monitor

Step 2 Directly observe the write pulse shape during writing (Figure V.2). — Pulse power in focused condition is different from that in the not-focused condition because of the self coupled effect of the laser diode. — Pulse power levels and pulse widths should be carefully observed in real testing condition. — Check the power levels and timing of the pulses. Verify that the pulses correspond with the data recorded in the SDI Sectors of the disk.

Disk High-speed front power monitor ( > 500 MHz)

Data and servo detectors

Laser diode Oscilloscope

Figure V.2 — Measurement of pulse power and pulse width

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Step 3 Measure the write pulse power levels and pulse widths (Figure V.3). — Ringing can be removed by using a low-pass filter. — For precise pulse energy measurement, average power level measurement using a fixed pulse duty cycle is recommended.

Notes for measurement: — Disk temperature Disk temperature should be kept at the test temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. Internal temperature may rise for an enclosed tester. — Stray light The stray light within the optical head may enter the objective lens and form a stray beam spot. Even if the temperature increase in the optical beam is small, the measurement for the light power through the objective lens may be affected. — Contamination of optical components (especially the objective lens) If the light is absorbed by dust or other debris, the light power through the objective lens decreases. This can be measured by the power meter and does not, therefore, result in any complications. If the light is diverted instead of being absorbed, not all of the light power through the objective lens contributes to increasing the temperature at the recording layer of the media. Frequent cleaning is required for accurate results. — Beam spot size and tilt Before the measurement of media power parameters, the beam profile of the tester should be checked by optical knife edge profiler. The measured spot diameter should be near the diffraction-limited size defined by the optimum value λ/NA: 471 nm of the Reference Drive. The disk tilt should also be carefully adjusted to be near zero.

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Low-pass filter

Figure V.3.a — Elimination of ringing using a low-pass filter

P w = (P a vg – P b ).T /T p + P b

L o w - p a s s filte r (~ 1 0 0 k H z )

P avg Pb

Figure V.3.b — Determination of pulse power level from average power level

Figure V.3 — Determination of pulse power levels

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ECMA-380 — Data interchange on 130 mm rewritable and write once read many Ultra Density Optical (UDO) disk cartridges – Capacity: 60 Gbytes per cartridge – Second generation (December 2007)

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