ECMA-330 3rd Edition / June 2005
120 mm (4,7 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)
Standard ECMA-330 3rd Edition / June 2005
120 mm (4,7 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)
Ecma International
Rue du Rhône 114
CH-1204 Geneva
T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01
www.ecma-international.org
.
Brief history Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm media. Numerous standards have been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards In February 1997 a group of ten Companies, known as the DVD Forum, proposed to TC31 to develop standards for optical disks known as DVD disks. TC31 accepted this proposal and started the work that has led to two Ecma Standards that were eventually adopted by ISO/IEC as International Standards under the fast-track procedure. ECMA-267 (1997)
120 mm DVD-Read-Only Disk
ISO/IEC 16448 ECMA-268 (1997)
80 mm DVD-Read-Only Disk
ISO/IEC 16449 Further work, supported by nine members of the DVD Forum, has been undertaken for a rewritable disk known as DVD-RAM, has led to further Ecma and ISO/IEC Standards. ECMA-272 (1998)
120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)
ISO/IEC 16824 ECMA-273 (1998)
Case for 120 mm DVD-RAM Disks
ISO/IEC 16825 ECMA-331 (2001)
Case for 120 mm and 80 mm DVD-RAM Disks
ISO/IEC 17594 This Standard ECMA-330 constitutes a further development of Standard ECMA-272 proposed to, and accepted by, Ecma/TC31 on presentation by Toshiba Corporation on behalf of ten other Member Companies of the DVD Forum. It specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks with a nominal capacity of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. Apart of the larger capacity, these disks present considerable performance improvements over those of the disk according to Standard ECMA-272. In addition a new defect management allows real time recording. Compared to the 2 nd Edition of Standard ECMA-330 (published by Ecma in June 2002), this 3 rd Edition incorporates few changes in order to achieve complete alignment with International Standard ISO/IEC 17592:2004(E).
This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2005.
Table of contents Section 1 - General
1
1
Scope
1
2
Conformance
1
2.1
O p ti c a l D i s k
1
2.2
Generating system
1
2.3
R e c e i vi n g s ys te m
1
3
References
1
4
Definitions
2
4.1
Case
2
4.2
Channel bit
2
4.3
Digital Sum Value (DSV)
2
4.4
Disk Reference Plane
2
4.5
Dummy substrate
2
4.6
Embossed mark
2
4.7
Entrance surface
2
4.8
Land and Groove
2
4.9
Mark
2
4.10
Phase change
2
4.11
Polarization
2
4.12
R e c o r d i n g l a ye r
3
4.13
S e c to r
3
4.14
Space
3
4.15
Substrate
3
4.16
Track
3
4.17
Track pitch
3
4.18
ZCLV
3
4.19
Zone
3
5
6
C o n ve n t i o n s a n d n o t a t i o n s
3
5.1
Representation of numbers
3
5.2
Names
4
L i s t o f a c r o n ym s
4 -i -
7
General description of the optical disk
4
8
General requirements
5
8.1 Environments 8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation
5 5 5 6 6
8.2
Safety requirement
6
8.3
Flammability
6
R e f e r e n c e D r i ve
6
9.1
Optical Head
6
9.2
Read channels
8
9.3
Rotation speed
8
9.4
Disk clamping
8
9.5
Normalized servo transfer function
8
9.6
Reference Servo for axial tracking
8
9.7
Reference Servo for radial tracking
10
9
S e c t i o n 2 - D i m e n s i o n a l , m e c h a n i c a l a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d i s k
11
10
11
Dimensional characteristics
10.1
Overall dimensions
12
10.2
First transition area
13
10.3
Second transition area
13
10.4
Clamping Zone
13
10.5
Third transition area
13
10.6
Rim area
14
10.7
Remark on tolerances
14
10.8
Label
14
11
Mechanical characteristics
14
11.1
Mass
14
11.2
Moment of inertia
14
11.3
Dynamic imbalance
15
11.4
Sense of rotation
15
11.5 Runout 11.5.1 Axial runout 11.5.2 Radial runout
15 15 15
12
15
Optical characteristics - ii -
12.1
Index of refraction
15
12.2
Thickness of the transparent substrate
15
12.3
Angular deviation
15
12.4
Birefringence of the transparent substrate
16
12.5
Reflectivity
16
Section 3 - Format of information
17
13
17
D a t a f o r ma t
13.1 Data Frames 13.1.1 Data ID 13.1.2 Data ID Error Detection code (IED) 13.1.3 Reserved bytes 13.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC)
17 18 19 19 19
13.2
Scrambled Frames
19
13.3
EC C Bl o c k s
20
13.4
Recording Frames
22
13.5
Recording code and NRZI conversion
22
13.6
Recorded Data Field
23
13.7 DC component suppress Control (DCC) 13.7.1 DCC for the data in the Rewritable Area 13.7.2 DCC for the data in the Embossed Area 13.7.3 PID and PED recording
24 24 25 26
14
Track format
26
14.1
Track shape
26
14.2
Track path
26
14.3
Track pitch
26
14.4
Track layout
26
14.5
Rotation speed
27
14.6
Radial alignment
28
14.7
Sector number
28
15
Sector format
28
15.1 Sector layout 15.1.1 Sector layout in the Rewritable Area 15.1.2 Sector layout in the Embossed Area
28 28 30
15.2
VFO fields
30
15.3
Address Mark (AM)
31
15.4
Physical ID (PID) fields
31
15.5
PID Error Detection code (PED) fields
32
- iii -
15.6
Postamble 1 and Postamble 2 (PA 1, PA 2) fields
32
15.7
Mirror field
34
15.8
Gap field
34
15.9
Guard 1 field
34
15.10
Pre-Synchronous code (PS) field
34
15.11
Data field
34
15.12
Postamble 3 (PA 3) field
34
15.13
Guard 2 field
35
15.14
Recording polarity randomization
35
15.15
Buffer field
35
16 16.1
Format of the Information Zone
35
Division of the Information Zone
35
16.2 Lead-in Zone 16.2.1 Structure of Lead-in Zone 16.2.2 Initial Zone 16.2.3 Reference Code Zone 16.2.4 Buffer Zone 1 16.2.5 Buffer Zone 2 16.2.6 Control Data Zone 16.2.7 Connection Zone 16.2.8 Guard Track Zones 1 and 2 16.2.9 Disk Test Zone 16.2.10 Drive Test Zone 16.2.11 Disk Identification Zone 16.2.12 DMA 1 and DMA 2
38 38 39 39 39 39 39 55 57 57 57 57 59
16.3 Data Zone 16.3.1 Structure of Data Zone and of the Defect Management Areas (DMAs) 16.3.2 Guard Track Zones 16.3.3 Partitioning 16.3.4 Number of blocks in the supplementary spare area
59 59 60 60 63
16.4 Lead-out Zone 16.4.1 Structure of Lead-out Zone 16.4.2 DMA 3 and DMA 4 16.4.3 Reserved Zone 16.4.4 Guard Track Zone 1 16.4.5 Drive Test Zone 16.4.6 Disk Test Zone 16.4.7 Guard Track Zone 2
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
17
65
Defect management
17.1
Defect Management Areas (DMAs)
65
17.2
Disk Definition Structure (DDS)
65 - iv -
17.3
Spare sectors
69
17.4
Slipping Algorithm
69
17.5
Linear Replacement Algorithm
70
17.6
Primary Defect List (PDL)
71
17.7
Secondary Defect List (SDL)
72
17.8 Formatting of the disk 17.8.1 Initialization 17.8.2 Re-initialization 17.8.3 Data field number resulting from Initialization and Re-initialization
75 76 76 77
17.9
78
Write procedure
17.10 Read procedure 17.10.1 Read procedure 17.10.2 Blank ECC Block
78 78 78
Section 4 - Characteristics of embossed information
79
18
Method of testing
79
Environment
79
18.1
18.2 Reference Drive 18.2.1 Optics and mechanics 18.2.2 Read power 18.2.3 Read channels 18.2.4 Tracking channel 18.2.5 Tracking
79 79 79 79 79 79
18.3
79
19
Definition of signals S i g n a l s f r o m l a n d s a n d g r o o ve s
84
19.1
Push-pull signal
84
19.2
Divided push-pull signal
84
19.3
On-track signal
84
19.4
Phase depth
85
19.5
Wobble signal
85
20
Signals from Header fields
86
20.1
VFO 1 and VFO 2
86
20.2
Address Mark, PID, PED and Postamble
87
20.3
Signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4
87
20.4
Phase depth
88
21
Signals from Embossed Area
88
21.1 High Frequency (HF) signal 21.1.1 Modulated amplitude
88 88 -v -
21.1.2 21.1.3 21.2
Signal asymmetry Cross-track signal
89 89
Jitter
89
21.3 Servo signal 21.3.1 Differential phase tracking error signal 21.3.2 Tangential push-pull signal
89 89 89
S e c t i o n 5 - C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r
91
22
Method of testing
91
Environment
91
22.1
22.2 Reference Drive 22.2.1 Optics and mechanics 22.2.2 Read power 22.2.3 Read channel 22.2.4 Tracking
91 91 91 91 91
22.3 Write conditions 22.3.1 Write pulse 22.3.2 Write power 22.3.3 Adaptive write control table 22.3.4 Adaptive write pulse control mode
91 91 93 93 94
22.4
Definition of signals
95
Write characteristics
95
23 23.1
Modulated amplitude and Signal asymmetry
95
23.2
Jitter
96
Section 6 - Characteristics of user data
97
24
97
Method of testing
A n n e x A ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e a n g u l a r d e via t i o n α
99
A n n e x B ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f b i r e f r i n g e n c e
101
A n n e x C ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l p h a s e t r a c k i n g e r r o r
103
A n n e x D ( n o r m a t i ve ) R e f l e c t i vi t y c a l i b r a t i o n a n d m e a s u r i n g m e t h o d
107
A n n e x E ( n o r m a t i ve ) T a p e r e d c o n e f o r d i s k c l a m p i n g
109
A n n e x F ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r i n g c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n s i g n a l s
111
A n n e x G ( n o r m a t i ve ) 8 - t o - 1 6 R e c o r d i n g c o d e w it h R L L ( 2 , 1 0 ) r e q u i r e m e n t s
113
- vi -
A n n e x H ( n o r m a t i ve ) D e f i n i t i o n o f t h e w r i t e p u l s e
123
A n n e x J ( n o r ma t i ve ) B u r s t C u t t i n g A r e a ( B C A )
127
A n n e x K ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) G u i d e l i n e f o r r a n d o m i z a t i o n o f t h e G a p l e n g t h , t h e Guard 1 length and the recording polarity
135
A n n e x L ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n
137
A n n e x M ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) G u i d e l i n e f o r s e c t o r r e p l a c e m e n t
139
- vii -
- viii -
Section 1 - General 1
Scope This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of an optical disk, identified as DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM), to enable interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the phase change method. Two Types are specified that differ only by their diameter of 120 mm and 80 mm, and the resulting difference of capacity. This Ecma Standard specifies −
two related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7),
−
the conditions for conformance,
−
the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,
−
the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing systems,
−
the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method,
−
the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk.
This Ecma Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems. The optical disks specified by this Ecma Standard may be enclosed in cases according to Standard ECMA-331 as specified therein.
2 2.1
Conformance Optical Disk A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for this Type.
2.2
Generating system A generating system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance with 2.1.
2.3
Receiving system A receiving system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it is able to handle both Types of optical disk according to 2.1.
3
References The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Ecma Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Ecma Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards listed below. ECMA-6 (1991)
7-Bit Coded Character Set
-1-
4
ECMA-287 (1999)
Safety of electronic equipment
ECMA-331 (2001)
Cases for 120 mm and 80 mm DVD-RAM Disks
Definitions For the purpose of this Ecma Standard the following definitions apply.
4.1
Case The housing for an optical disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.
4.2
Channel bit The elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and pits on the disk.
4.3
Digital Sum Value (DSV) The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to Channel bits set to ONE and the decimal value -1 to Channel bits set to ZERO.
4.4
Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping area of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.5
Dummy substrate A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and/or a recording layer.
4.6
Embossed mark A mark so formed as to be unalterable by optical means.
4.7
Entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.
4.8
Land and Groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The recording is made either on the centre of the groove or on the centre of the land.
4.9
Mark A feature of the Recording layer which may take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.10
Phase change A physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa.
4.11
Polarization The direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam. NOTE The plane of polarization is the plane containing the electric vector and the direction of propagation of the beam. The polarization is right-handed when to an observer looking in the direction of propagation of the beam, the end-point of the electric vector would appear to describe an ellipse in the clockwise sense.
-2-
4.12
Recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use.
4.13
Sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts.
4.14
Space A feature of the recording layer which may take the form of a crystalline domain, a non-pit or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.15
Substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recorded layer(s), through which the optical beam can access a recording layer.
4.16
Track A 360° turn of a continuous spiral.
4.17
Track pitch The distance between centrelines of adjacent tracks (a groove and a land), measured in a radial direction.
4.18
ZCLV A disk format requiring Zoned Constant Linear Velocity operations.
4.19
Zone An annular area of the disk.
5 5.1
Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9. Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE. Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to the left. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement. In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b (8n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (8n-1) is recorded first. A binary digit which can be set indifferently to ZERO or to ONE is represented by “x”.
-3-
5.2
Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.
6
List of acronyms AM BCA BPF DCC DDS DMA DSV ECC EDC HF ID IED LPF lsb LSB LSN msb
7
Address Mark Burst Cutting Area Band Pass Filter DC Component Suppress Control Disk Definition Structure Defect Management Area Digital Sum Value Error Correcting Code Error Detection Code High Frequency Identification Data ID Error Detection Code Low Pass Filter least significant bit Least Significant Byte Logical Sector Number most significant bit
MSB NRZ NRZI PA PDL PED PI PID PLL PO PS RS SDL SLR SYNC Code VFO ZCLV
Most Significant Byte Non Return to Zero Non Return to Zero Inverted Postamble Primary Defect List P(ID) Error Detection code Parity of Inner-code Physical Identification Data Phase-Locked Loop Parity of Outer-Code Pre-Synchronous Code Reed-Solomon Code Secondary Defect List Status of Linear Replacement Synchronous Code Variable Frequency Ocsillator Zoned Constant Linear Velocity
General description of the optical disk The optical disk that is the subject of this Ecma Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer(s) is on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently read. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. The area of the inner diameter of the Clamping Zone to the outer diameter of the Lead-out Zone shall be glued. The two Types of disk specified by this Ecma Standard are Type 1S
consists of a substrate, a single recording layer and a dummy substrate. The recording layer can be accessed from one side only. The nominal capacity is 4,7 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk and 1,46 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk.
Type 2S
consists of two substrates and two recording layers. From one side of the disk, only one of these recording layers can be accessed. The nominal capacity is 9,4 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk and 2,92 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk.
In Type 1S, the recording layer may also be placed, for instance embossed, on the dummy substrate. When used with the cases specified in Standard ECMA-331, a 120 mm disk of Type 1S may be enclosed in either a Type 1, a Type 2, a Type 3 or a Type 5 case; a 120 mm disk of Type 2S may be enclosed in either a Type 1, a Type 3, a Type 4 or a Type 5 case; an 80 mm disk of Type 1S may be enclosed in either a Type 7 or a Type 9 case; an 80 mm disk of Type 2S may be enclosed in either a Type 6 or a Type 8 case. Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of amorphous spots in the crystalline recording layer and can be overwritten with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect between amorphous and crystalline states. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using phase change effect as the reflective difference between amorphous and crystalline states. The beam accesses the recording layer through a transparent substrate of the disk. Part of the disk contains read-only data for the drive in the form of pits embossed by the manufacturer. This data can be read using the diffraction of the optical beam by the embossed pits. Figure 1 shows schematically the two Types.
-4-
Figure 1 – The two Types of DVD-RAM disks
8
Ge neral requirements
8.1 8.1.1
E nvironments T e s t e n vir o n m e n t In the test environment, the air immediately surrou nding the disk shall have the following properties. Temperature: Relative humidity: Atmospheric pressure:
23 °C ± 2 °C 50 % ± 5 % 86 kPa to 106 kPa
No condensa tion on or in the disk shall occur. Before testing, the disk shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 hours minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the optical disk sha ll be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measu rements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2
O p e r a t i n g e n vir o n m e n t This Ecma Standard requires that a disk which meets all requirements of this Ecma Standard in the specified test environment shall provide data int erchange over the specified ranges of environmental paramete rs in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment w here the air immediately surrounding the disk has the following properties. Temperature: Relative humidity: Absolute humidity: Temperatu re gradient: Relative humidity gradient:
5 °C to 60 °C 3 % to 85 % 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m 3 10 °C/h max. 10 %/h max.
No condensation on the disk shall occur. If the disk has been exposed to conditions outside those specified above, it shall be acclimatized in the operating environment for at least 2 h before use. -5-
8.1.3
S t o r a g e e n vir o n m e n t The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties. Temperature: Relative humidity : Absolute humidity: Atmospheric pressure: Temperature gradient: Relative humidity gradient:
-10 °C to 50 °C 3 % to 85 % 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m3 75 kPa to 106 kPa 10 °C/h max. 10 %/h max.
No condensation on the dis k shall occur. 8.1.4
8.2
Transportation This Ecma Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex L.
Safety requireme nt The optical disk shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287. The cartridge and its components shall not constitute any safety or health hazard when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.
8.3
Flammability The disk shall be made from materials that, if ignited from a match flame, do not continue to burn in a still carbon dioxide atmosphere.
9
Reference Drive The Reference Drive shall be used for the measurement of optical parameters for conformance with the requirements of this Ecma Standard. The critical components of this device have the characteristics specified in this clause.
9.1
Optical Head The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the overwrite and read parameters are shown in Figure 2. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in Figure 2. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.
-6-
A B C
Laser diode Collimator lens Polarizing beam splitter
F G H1, H2, H3, H4
Optical disk Quadrant photo detector d.c.-coupled amplifier
D
Quarter-wave plate
Ia, Ib, Ic, Id
Output currents from the
E
Objective lens
quadrant photo detector
Figure 2 - Optical system of the Reference Drive
The combination of polarizing beam splitter C and a quarter-wave plate D shall separate the entrance optical beam from a laser diode A and the reflected optical beam from an optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100. The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties. +10 nm
Wavelength (λ)
650 nm -5 nm
Polarization
circularly polarized light
Polarizing beam splitter
shall be used unless otherwise stated.
Numerical aperture
0,60 ± 0,01
Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens
30 % to 55 % of the maximum intensity level in the radial direction at least 50 % of the maximum intensity level in the tangential direction
Wave front aberration after passing through an ideal 0,033 λ rms max substrate of the single layer disk (Thickness: 0.6mm and index refraction: 1.56) -7-
Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) of the laser diode 10 log [(a.c. power density/Hz) / d.c. light power]
9.2
-134 dB/Hz max.
Read channels A Read channel 1 shall detect the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens. A Read channel 2 shall detect the differential output of the quadrant photo detectors. Frequency characteristics of the equalizer, characteristics of the PLL, slicer etc. are specified in Annex F.
9.3
Rotation speed The actual rotation speed shall be within 1 % of the nominal rotation speed(s) specified in tables 3 and 4.
9.4
Disk clamping Clamping force
: 2,0 N ± 0,5 N
Tapered cone angle : 40,0° ± 0,5° (see Annex E)
9.5
Normalized servo transfer function In order to specify the servo system for axial and radial tracking, a function H s is used (equation I). It specifies the nominal values of the open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo(s) in the frequency range 31,2 Hz to 10 kHz.
H s (iω ) =
2
1 ⎛ ωo ⎞ ×⎜ ⎟ × 3 ⎝ iω ⎠
1+
3iω
ωo iω 1+ 3ω o
(I)
whe re ω = 2πƒ ωo =2πƒ o i=
−1
ƒ o is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo are given by lead break frequency lag break frequency
9.6
ƒ 1 = ƒ o × 1/3 ƒ2 = ƒo × 3
Reference Servo for axial tracking For an open loop transfer function H of the R e ference Servo for axial tracking, ⏐1+H⏐ is limited as schematically shown by th e shaded surface of Figure 3.
-8-
Figure 3 - Reference Servo for axial tracking
Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz ⏐1 + H⏐ shall be within 20 % of ⏐1+H s ⏐. The crossover frequency ƒ o = ωo / 2π shall be specified by equation (II), where αmax. shall be 1,5 times larger than the expected maximum axial acceleration of 15 m/s 2. The tracking error e ma x. shall not exceed 0,23 µm. Thus the crossover frequency ƒ o shall be f0 =
1
3α max
2π
emax
=
1
15 × 1,5 × 3
2π
0, 23 × 10
−6
= 2,7 kHz
(II)
The axial tracking error e max. is the peak deviation measured axially above or below the 0 level. Bandwidth 31,2 Hz to 100 Hz
⏐1 + H ⏐ shall be within the limits defined by the following four points. 45,8 dB at 100 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 100 Hz )
66,0 dB at 31,2 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 31,2 Hz )
86,0 dB at 31,2 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 31,2 Hz add 20 dB)
49,3 dB at 100 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth 22,9 Hz to 31,2 Hz
⏐1 + H ⏐ shall be between 66,0 dB and 86,0 dB.
-9-
9.7
Reference Servo for radial tracking Fo r an open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for radial tracking, ⏐1+H ⏐ is limited as schematically shown by the shaded surface of Figure 4.
Figure 4 - Reference Servo for radial tracking
Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz
⏐1 + H ⏐ shall be within 20 % of ⏐1 + H s ⏐. The crossover frequency ƒ o = ωo / 2 π shall be specified by equation (III), where αmax. shall be 1,5 times larger than the expected maximum radial acceleration of 2,9 m/s 2. The tracking error e max. shall not exceed 0,022 µm. Thus the crossover frequency ƒ o shall be f0 =
1
3α max
2π
e max
=
1
2,9 × 1,5 × 3
2π
0,022 × 10
−6
=3,9kHz
(III)
The radial tracking error is the peak deviation measur ed radially inwards or outwards the 0 level. Bandwidth from 54,1 Hz to 1 00 Hz
⏐1 + H ⏐ shall be within the limits defined by the following four points. 52,2 dB at 100 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 100 Hz )
62,7 dB at 54,1 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 54,1 Hz )
82,7 dB at 54,1 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ - 20% at 54,1 Hz add 20 dB)
55,7 dB at 100 Hz
( ⏐1 + H s ⏐ + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth fr om 22,9 H z to 54,1 Hz
⏐1 + H ⏐ shall be between 62,7 dB and 82,7 dB.
- 10 -
Sectio n 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 10
D imensional characteristics Di mensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory fo r interchange and co mpatible u se of the disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. The enclosed drawings show the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from the centre hole to the outside rim. T h e dimensions are referred to t wo Reference Planes P and Q. Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone (see 10.4) rests. Re ference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Cl amping Zone. See Figures 5 to 7.
Figure 5 - Hole of the assembled disk
- 11 -
Figure 6 - Areas of the disk
Figure 7 - Rim area
10.1
Overall dimensions The 120 mm disk shall have an overall diameter d 1 = 120,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The 80 mm disk shall have an overall diameter d 1 = 80,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The centre h ole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter + 0,15 mm
d 2 = 15,00 mm
- 0,00 mm
- 12 -
The diameter of the hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall be 15,00 mm min., see Figure 5. There shall be no burr on both edges of the centre hole. The edge of the centre hole shall be rounded off or chamfered. The rounding radius shall be 0,1 mm max. The height of the chamfer shall not exceed 0,1 mm. The thickness of the disk, including adhesive layer, spacer(s) and label(s), shall be + 0,30 mm
e 1 = 1,20 mm
- 0,06 mm
1 0.2
First transition area In the area extending between diameter d 2 and diameter d 3 = 16,0 mm min. the surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.
10.3
S econd transition area This area shall extend between diameter d 3 and diameter d 4 = 22,0 mm max. In this area the disk may have an uneven surface or burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.
10.4
C lamping Zone Th is zone shall extend between diameter d 4 and diameter d 5 = 33,0 mm min. Ea ch side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e . that of Reference Plane Q shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. that of Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm. In the Clamping Zone the thickness e 2 of the disk shall be + 0,20 mm
e 2 = 1,20 mm
- 0,10 mm
10.5
Third transition area This area shall extend betw een diameter d 5 and diameter d 6 = 44,0 mm max. In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Refe rence Plane Q by h 1 = 0,25 mm max. or below Reference Plane Q by h 2 = 0,10 mm max. The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by h 3 = 0,10 mm max. or below Reference Plane P by h 4 = 0,25 mm max. An Information Zone of the 120 mm disk shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter
- 13 -
+ 0,0 mm
d 7 = 117,2 mm
- 0,4 mm
An Information Zone of the 80 mm disk shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter + 0,0 m m
d 7 = 77,0 mm
- 0,4 mm
10.6
Rim area The rim area shall extend from diameter d 7 to diameter d 1 (see Figure 7). In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by h 5 = 0,1 mm max. and the bottom surface is permitted to be below Reference Plane P by h 6 = 0,1 mm max. The total thickness of this area shall not be greater than 1,50 mm, i.e. the maximum value of e 1 . The thickness of the rim proper shall be e 3 = 0,6 mm min. The outer edges of the disk shall be either rounded off with a rounding radius of 0,2 mm max. or be chamfered over h 7 = 0,2 mm max. h 8 = 0,2 mm max.
10.7
Remark on tolerances All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by h i are independent from each other. This means that, for example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h 2 , there is no implication that the bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h 3 . Where dimensions have the same - generally maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.
10.8
Label A disk without a case or a disk within a Type 2, a Type 4, a Type 6 or a Type 7 case shall have a label placed on the side of the disk opposite the entrance surface for the information to which the label is related. The label shall be placed either on an outer surface of the disk or inside the disk bonding plane. In the former case, the label shall not extend over the Clamping Zone. In the latter case, the label may extend over the Clamping Zone. In both cases, the label shall not extend over the rim of the centre hole nor over the outer edge of the disk.
11 11.1
Mechanical characteristics Mass The mass of the 120 mm disk shall be in the range 14,0 g to 20,0 g. The mass of the 80 mm disk shall be in the range 6,0 g to 9,0 g.
11.2
Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the 120 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,040 g .m2 . The moment of inertia of the 80 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g .m2 .
- 14 -
11.3
Dynamic imbalance The dynamic imbalance of the 120 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g .m. The dynamic imbal ance of the 80 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,0045 g .m.
11.4
Sense of rotation The sense of rotation of the disk shall be counterclockwise as seen by the optical system.
11.5
R unout
11.5.1
Axial runout When measured by the Optical Head with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the scanning velocity, the deviation of the recorded layer from its nominal position in the direction norm al to the Reference Planes shall not exceed 0,3 mm for the 120 mm disk and 0,2 mm for the 80 mm disk. The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking, shall not exceed 0,23 µm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒc (-3dB) : 10 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
11.5.2
Radial runout The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall not e xceed 0,30 mm, peak-to-peak. The radial runout of tracks shall not exceed 50 µm, peak-to-peak. The residual tracking error bel ow 2,3 kHz, measu red using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall not exceed 0,022 µm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒ c (-3dB) : 2,3 kHz, slope : - 80 dB/decade. The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 2,3 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall not exceed 0,016 µm in the Rewritable Area and shall not exceed 0,025 µm in the Embossed Area (refer to clause 13). The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3 dB) : 2,3 kHz, slope: + 80 dB/decade to 10 kHz, slope: - 80 dB/decade.
12 12.1
Optical characteristics Index of refraction The index of refraction of the transparent substrate shall be 1,55 ± 0,10.
12.2
Thickness of the transparent substrate The thickness of the transparent substrate shall be a function of its index of refraction as specified in Figure 8.
12.3
Angular deviation The angular deviation is the angle α between a parallel incident beam and the reflected beam. The incident beam shall have a diameter in the range 0,3 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to unparallelism of the recorded layer, see Figure A.1. It shall meet the following requirements when measured according to Annex A. In radial direction :
α = 0,70° max.
In tangential direction :
α = 0,30° max.
- 15 -
1 2.4
Birefringe nce of the transparent substrate Th e birefringence of the transparent substrate shall be 60 nm max. when measured according to Annex B.
12 .5
Reflectiv ity When measured according to Annex D, the reflectivity of the recorded layer(s) shall be in the range 15 % to 25 %.
Figure 8 - Thickness of the substrate in function of the index of refraction
- 16 -
S ection 3 - Format of information 13
Da ta format The data received from the host, called Main Data, is formatted in a number of steps before being recorded on the disk. It is transformed successively into
− − − − −
a Data Frame a Scrambled Frame an ECC Bloc k a Recording Frame a Recorded D ata Field
These steps are specified in the following clauses.
13.1
Data Fram es A Data Frame shall consist of 2 064 bytes arranged in an array of 12 row s containing each 172 bytes (see Figure 9). The first row shall start with three fields, called Data Identification Data (Data ID), ID Error Det ection Code (IED), and Reserved bytes (RSV), followed by 160 Main Data bytes. The next 10 rows shall each contain 172 Main Data bytes, and the last row shall contain 168 Main Data bytes followed by four bytes for recording an Error Detection Code (EDC). The 2 048 Main Data bytes are identified a s D 0 to D 2047 .
Figure 9 - Data Frame
- 17 -
13.1.1
Data ID This field shall consist of four bytes, the bi ts of which are num bered consec utively from b 0 (lsb) to b 31 (m sb), see Figur es 10 and 11. b24
b31
b23
b0
Data Field Information
Data Field Number Figure 10 - Data ID
b31
b30
b29
b28
Sector Format type
Tracking method
Reflectivity
Recording type
b27
b26
Zone type
b25
b24
Data type
Layer number
Figure 11 - Data Field Information
The bits of the Data Field Information field shall be set as follows. Bit b 31
shall be set to ONE, indicating Zoned format type
Bit b 30
shall be set to ZERO in the Embossed Area, indicating pit tracking (see 16.1) ONE in the Rewritable Area, indicating groove tracking (see 16.1)
Bit b 29
shall be set to ONE, indicating that the reflectivity does not exceed 40 %
Bit b 28
shall be set to ZERO in the Emboss ed Area (see 16.1), in the Lead-in Zone (see 16.2), in the Lead-ou t Zone (see 16.4) and for a Block in the Data Zone (see 16.3) containing data to which Linear Replacement Algorithm (see 17.5) is applied if the Block is defective, ONE for a Block in the Data Zone (see 16.3) containing data to which Linear Replacement Algorithm is not applied even if the Block is defective.
Bits b 27 and b 26 shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone Bit b 25
shall be set to ZERO in the Embossed Area. ONE in the Rewritable Area
Bit b24
shall be set to ZERO, indicating that through an entrance surface only one recording layer can be accessed.
Bits b23 to b0
shall be set to the sector number in the Embossed Area (see 16.1), in the DMAs (see 17.1) and in the Reserved Zones of the Lead-in Zone (see 16.2) and of the Lead-o ut Zone (see 16.4), to the values specified in 17.8.3 in the Data Z one (see 16.3).
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard, see also Annex L.
- 18 -
13.1.2
Data ID Error Detection code (IED) When identifying all bytes o f the array shown in Figure 9 as C i,j for i = 0 to 11 and j = 0 to171, the bytes of IED are represented by C 0,j for j = 4 to 5. Their setting is obtained as follows. 5 IED(x) =∑ C0,j x5-j j=4
=
I(x) x2
mod GE(x)
where : 3 I(x) =∑ C0,j x3-j j=0 1 GE(x) = Π ( x + αk ) k=0
α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 13.1.3
R e s e r ve d b yt e s All the bytes of this 6-byte field shall be set to (00).
13.1.4
Error Detection Code (EDC) This 4-byte field shall contain an Error Detection Code computed over the preceding 2 060 bytes of the Data Frame. Considering the Data Frame as a single bit field starting with the most significant bit of the first byte of the ID field and ending with the least significant bit of the EDC field, then this msb will be b16 511 and the lsb will be b 0. Each bit b i of the EDC is as follows for i = 31 to 0: 0
EDC(x) = ∑ bi xi i=31 where:
=
I(x) mod G(x)
32
I(x) = ∑ bi xi i=16 511
G(x) = x32 + x31 + x4 + 1
13.2
Scrambled Frames The 2 048 Main Data bytes shall be scrambled by means of the circuit shown in Figure 12 which shall consist of a feedback bit shift register in which bits r 7 (msb) to r 0 (lsb) represent a scrambling byte at each 8-bit shift. At the beginning of the scrambling procedure of a Data Frame, positions r 14 to r 0 shall be pre-set to the value(s) specified in Table 3. The same pre-set value shall be used for 16 consecutive Data Frames. After 16 groups of 16 Data Frames, the sequence is repeated. The initial pre-set number is equal to the value represented by bits b 7 (msb) to bit b 4 (lsb) of the Data ID field of the Data Frame. Table 1 specifies the initial pre-set value of the shift register corresponding to the 16 initial pre-set numbers.
- 19 -
Table 1 - Initial values of the shift register Initial pre-set number (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Initial pre-set value (0001) (5500) (0002) (2A00) (0004) (5400) (0008) (2800)
Initial pre-set number (8) (9) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)
Initial pre-set value (0010) (5000) (0020) (2001) (0040) (4002) (0080) (0005)
Figure 12 - Feedback shift register
The part of the initial value of r 7 to r 0 is taken out as scrambling byte S0 . After that, 8-bit shift is repeated 2 047 times and the following 2 047 bytes shall be taken from r7 to r 0 as scrambling bytes S1 to S2 047 . The Main Data bytes D k of the Data Frame become scrambled bytes D’ k where D’k = D k ⊕ Sk
for k = 0 to 2 047
⊕ stands for Exclusive OR
13.3
ECC Blocks An ECC Block is formed by arranging 16 consecutive Scrambled Frames in an array of 192 rows of 172 bytes each (see Figure 13). To each of the 172 columns, 16 bytes of Parity of Outer Code are added, then, to each of the resulting 208 rows, 10 byte of Parity of Inner Code are added. Thus a complete ECC Block comprises 208 rows of 182 bytes each. The bytes of this array are identified as Bi,j as follows, where i is the row number and j the column number. Bi,j for i = 0 to 191 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes from the Scrambled Frames Bi,j for i = 192 to 207 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes of the Parity of Outer Code Bi,j for i = 0 to 207 and j = 172 to 181 are bytes of the Parity of Inner Code
- 20 -
Figure 13 - ECC Block configuration
The PO and PI bytes shall be obtained as follows. In each of columns j = 0 to 171, the 16 PO bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial Rj (x) to form the outer code RS (208,192,17). 207
Rj(x) =
∑ Bi,j x207-i
=
i=192
Ij(x) x16
mod GPO(x)
where: 191
Ij(x) =
∑ Bi,j x191-i
i=0
15
GPO(x) = Π (x + αk ) k=0
In each of rows i = 0 to 207, the 10 PI bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial R i (x) to form the inner code RS (182,172,11). 181
Ri(x) =
∑ Bi,j x181-j
j=172
=
Ii(x) x10 mod GPI(x)
where: 171
Ii(x) =
∑ Bi,j x171-j
j=0
- 21 -
9
GPI(x) = Π (x + αk ) k=0
α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1
13.4
Rec ording Frames Sixte en Recording Frames shall be obtained by interleaving one of the 16 PO rows at a time after ever y 12 rows of an ECC Block (Figure 13). This is achieved by re-locating the bytes Bi,j of the ECC Block as Bm,n for m = i + int[i / 12 ] and n = j m = 13 (i - 191) - 1 and n = j
for i ≤ 191 for i ≥ 192
wher e int[x] represents th e largest integer not greater than x. Thus the 37 856 bytes of an ECC Block are re-arranged into 16 Recording Frames of 2 366 by tes. Each Recording Frame consists of an array of 13 rows of 182 bytes (see Figure 14).
Figure 14 - Recording Frames obtained from an ECC Block
13.5
R ecording code and NRZI conversion Th e 8-bit bytes of each Recording Frame shall be tran sformed into 16-bit Code Words with the run le ngth limitation that between 2 ONEs there shall be at least 2 ZEROs and at most 10 ZEROs (R LL 2,10). Annex G specifies the conversion tables to be applied. The Main Conversion table and th e Substitution table specify a 16-bit Code Word for each 8-bit bytes with one of 4 States. - 22 -
Fo r each 8-bit byte, the tables indicate the corresponding Code Word, as well as the State for the next 8-bit byte to be encoded. The 16-bit Code Words shall be NRZI-converted into Channel bits before recording on the disk (Fi gure 15).
Figure 15 - NRZI conversion
13.6
Re corded Data Field The structure of a Recorded Data Field is shown in Figure 16. It shall consist of 13 rows, each co mprising two Sync Frames. A Sync Frame shall consist of a SYNC Code from Table 2 and 1 4 56 Channel bits representing the first, respectively the second 91 8-bit bytes of a row of a Recording Frame. The first row of the Recording Frame is represented by the first row of the Recorded Data Field, the second by the second, and so on.
Figure 16 - Recorded Data Field
Re cording shall start with the first Sync Frame of the first row, followed by the second Sync Frame of that row, and so on row-by-row. For the selection of the Primary and Secondary SYNC Codes, see 13.7. - 23 -
Table 2 - SYNC Codes State 1 and State 2 Primary SYNC codes (msb) SY0 = 0001001001000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 0000010000000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 0001000000000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 0000100000000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 0010000000000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 0010001001000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 0010010010000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 0010010001000100 0000000000010001
Secondary SYNC codes (lsb) (msb) 0000000000010001
/
(lsb) 0001001000000100
0000000000010001
/
0000010001000100
0000000000010001
/
0001000001000100
0000000000010001
/
0000100001000100
0000000000010001
/
0010000001000100
0000000000010001
/
0010001000000100
0000000000010001
/
0010000010000100
0000000000010001
/
0010010000000100
State 3 and State 4 Primary SYNC codes (msb) SY0 = 1001001000000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 1000010001000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 1001000001000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 1000001001000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 1000100001000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 1000100100000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 1001000010000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 1000100010000100 0000000000010001
13.7 13.7.1
Secondary SYNC codes (lsb) (msb) 0000000000010001
/
(lsb) 1001001001000100
0000000000010001
/
1000010000000100
0000000000010001
/
1001000000000100
0000000000010001
/
1000001000000100
0000000000010001
/
1000100000000100
0000000000010001
/
1000000100000100
0000000000010001
/
1000000001000100
0000000000010001
/
1000000010000100
DC component suppress Control (DCC) DCC for the data in the Rewritable Area The DC componen t suppress Control (DCC) minimizes the absolute value of the accumulated DSV (Digital Sum Value, see 4.3). The DCC algorithm controls the choice of SYNC codes and 16-Channel bit Code Words in each of following three cases so that DSV is minimized. The choice shall be determined so that, for each 16-bit Code Word (or SYNC Code), the accumulated DSV is a minimum at the end of the 16-bit Code Word (or SYNC Code) to be selected. - 24 -
a) Choice of the SYNC Codes between Primary or Secondary SYNC Codes. b) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 0 to 87, the Substitution table offers an alternative 16-bit Code Word for all States. c) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 88 to 255, when the prescribed State is 1 or 4, then the 16bit Code Word can be chosen either from State 1 or from State 4, so as to ensure that the RLL requirement is met. 13.7.2
DCC for the data in the Embossed Area The DC component suppress control (DCC) minimizes the absolute value of the accumulated DSV. To ensure a reliable radial tracking and a reliable detection of the HF signals, the low frequency content of the stream of Channel bit patterns should be kept as low as pos sible. In order to achieve this, the Digital Sum Value shall be kept as low as possi ble. At the beginning of recording, the DSV shall be set to 0. The different ways of diminishing the current value of the DSV are as follows. a) Choice of SYNC Codes between Primary or Secondary SYNC Codes. b) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 0 to 87, the Substitution table offers an alternative 16-bit Code Word for all States c) For the 8- bit byte s in the range 88 to 255, when the prescribed State is 1 or 4, then the 16bi t Cod e Word can be chosen eith er from State 1 or from State 4, so as to ensure that the RLL requi rement is met. In order to use these possibilities, two data streams, Stream 1 and Stream 2, are generated for each Sync Frame. Stream 1 shall start with the Primary SYNC Code and Stream 2 with the Secondary SYNC Code of the same category of SYNC Codes. As both streams are modulated individually, they generate a different DSV because of the difference between the bit patterns of the Primary and Secondary SYNC Codes. In the cases b) and c), there are two possibilities to represent a 8-bit byte. The DSV of each stream is computed up to the 8-bit byte preceding the 8-bit byte for which there is this choice. The stream with the lowe st ⎜DSV⎜ is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then, one of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into Stream 1 and the other into Stream 2. This operation is repeated each time c ase b) or c) occurs. Whil st case b ) alwa ys occ urs at the sa me pattern position in both streams, case c) may occur in one of the streams and not in the other because, for instance, the next State prescribed by the prev ious 8-b it byte can be 2 or 3 instead of 1 or 4. In that case the following 3-step procedure shall be applied. 1) Compare the ⎜DSV⎜s o f both stream s. 2) If the ⎜DS V⎜ of t he str eam in which ca se c) occurs is smaller than that of the other stream, then the stream in which case c) has occurred is chos en and duplicate d to the other strea m. One of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into this stream and the other into the other stream. 3) If the ⎜DSV⎜ of the stream in which case c) has occurred is larger than that of the other stream, then case c) is ignored and the 8-bit byte is represented according to the prescribed State. In both cases b) and c), if the ⎜DSV⎜s are equal, the decision to choose Stream 1 or Stream 2 is implementation-defined. The procedure for case a) shall be as follo ws. At the end of a Sync Frame, whether or not case b) and or case c) have occurred, the DSV of the whole Sy nc Fra me is com pute d and the stre am with the l ower ⎜DSV⎜ is s elected. If this DSV is greater th an + 6 3 or sma ller th an -64, t hen the SYNC Co de at the beginning of the Sync Frame is changed from Primary to Secondary or vice
- 25 -
versa. If this y ields a smaller ⎜DSV⎜, the change is permanent, if the ⎜DSV⎜ is not smaller, the original SYNC Code is retained. During the DSV computation, the actual values of the DSV may vary between –1 000 and +1 000, thus it is recommended that the count range for the DSV be at least from –1 024 to +1 023. 13.7.3
PID and PED recording PID and PED (see 15.4 and 15.5) sh all be record ed in the same manner as specified for Data Fields in 13.5, or in a simplified manner u sing only the M ain Conve rsion Table G. 1. In the first case, the value of the accumulated DSV shall be reset to 0 at the beginning of VFO 1 in the Header 1 field. In both cases recording of PID 1, PID 2, PID 3 and PID 4 shall start with the State 1.
14 14.1
Track format Track sh ape Each track s hall form a 3 60º tur n of a co ntin uous spi ral. In the Embossed Area (see 16.1) of the Information Zone, tracks shall be formed by a series of em bossed pits. In the Rewritable Area (see 16.1) of the Information Zone, tracks shall be formed by a land and groove pattern. Recording is made on the land between the grooves as well as in the grooves themselves. A track in the grooves is called a groove track. A track on the land between the grooves is called a land track. The end of a groove track is followed by the beginning of a land track, and vice versa. A sector in a groove track is called a groove sector, a sector in a land track is called a land sector. All tracks are continuous in the Information Zone. However, the grooves shall be interrupted in the Header and Mirror fields of each sector (see 15.1.1). The grooves shall be wobbled in the radial direction in such way that they are given a sinusoidal wave form. The detailed shape of the tracks is determi ned by the requirements of Section 4.
14.2
Track path The track path shall be a continuous spiral from the inside (beginning of the Lead-in Zone) to the outside (end of the Lead-out Zone) of the disk.
14.3
Track pi tch The track pitch is the distance between the centrelines of adjacent tracks, measured in a radial direction. It shall be 0,615 µm ± 0,03 µm in the Rewritable area and 0,74 µm ± 0,03 µm in the Embossed area. The track pitch averaged over the Rewritable area shall be 0,615 µm ± 0,01 µm and the track pitch averaged over the Embossed area shall be 0,74 µm ± 0,01 µm. The tracks shall start in the Lead-in Zone at radius +0,0 mm
22,6 mm
-0,2 mm
1 4.4
Track layout Ea ch track shall be divided into sectors. Th e number of sectors per track in the Embossed Area of the Lead-in Zone shall be 18 (see Table 3 and Table 4). Each sector in the Embossed Area of the Lead-in Zone shall comprise 2 418 bytes w here each byte is represented on the disk by 16 Channel bits. The sectors in the Embossed Area of the Lead-in Zone shall be equally spaced over a track. They shall have a size of 38 688 Channel bits. - 26 -
Th e number of sectors per track in the Rewritable Area shall increase from Zone 0 to Zone 34 in ca se of 120 m m disk, or from Zone 0 to Zone 13 in case of 80 mm disk, when moving from the in ner radius to the outer radius so as to keep the recording linear density practically constant in an y Zone. Each sector shall comprise 2 697 bytes where each byte is represented on the disk by 16 Channel bits. The sectors in the Rewritable Area shall be equally spaced over a track. They sh all have a size of 43 152 Channel bits.
14.5
R otation sp eed Th e nominal rotation speed is different in each Zone and is determined by the Zone number. Th ese values are for reference only. The nominal rotation speed yielding a user data bit rate of 22 ,16 Mbit/s is obtained by using the formula Rotation speed (Hz) = 22 160 000 / (Number of sectors per track × 2048 × 8). The disk shall rotate counterclockwis e as viewed from the optical head. Th e absolute rotation speed in the Embossed data zone shall be adjusted to that of Zone 0. Table 3 - Nominal rotation speed for 120 mm disk Zone
Embossed Lead-in Zone Area Rewritable Area Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 Zone 14 Zone 15 Data Zone Zone 16 Rewritable Zone 17 Area Zone 18 Zone 19 Zone 20 Zone 21 Zone 22 Zone 23 Zone 24 Zone 25 Zone 26 Zone 27 Zone 28 Zone 29 Zone 30 Zone 31 Zone 32 Zone 33 Zone 34 Lead-out Zone Rewritable Area
Rotation speed (Hz)
Number of sectors per track
Period of a Channel bit (ns)
Period of a Byte
Period of a Sector
(ns)
(µs)
54,10
18
26,54
425
1 027
54,10 54,10 52,02 50,09 48,30 46,64 45,08 43,63 42,27 40,99 39,78 38,64 37,57 36,56 35,59 34,68 33,81 32,99 32,20 31,45 30,74 30,06 29,40 28,78 28,18 27,60 27,05 26,52 26,01 25,52 25,05 24,59 24,15 23,73 23,32 22,92 22,92
25 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 59
17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13
274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274
739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739
- 27 -
Table 4 - Nominal rotation speed for 80 mm disk Zone
Rotation speed (Hz)
Number of sectors per track
Period of a Channel bit (ns)
Period of a Byte
Period of a Sector
(ns)
(µs) Embossed Lead-in Area Zone Rewritable Area Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Data Zone Zone 5 Rewritable Area Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 Lead-out Zone Rewritable Area
14.6
54,10
18
26,54
425
1 027
54,10 54,10 52,02 50,09 48,30 46,64 45,08 43,63 42,27 40,99 39,78 38,64 37,57 36,56 35,59 35,59
25 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38
17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13 17,13
274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274
739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739
Radial alignment In the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone, the sectors on adjacent tracks shall be radially aligned so that the angular distance between the first Channel bits of two sectors does not exceed 4 Channel bits, except for the sectors on the track along the boundary between Buffer Zone 2 and the Connection Zone (see 16.2.7), along the boundary between Guard Track Zone 1 and the Connection Zone, and along the 34 boundaries between the 35 Zones of the Data Zone in 120 mm disk, or along the 13 boundaries between the 14 Zones of the Data Zone in 80 mm disk. In addition, the an gular distance between the first Channel bits of any pair of non-adjacent tracks shall not exceed 256 Channel bits.
14.7
S ector number Each sector shall be identified by a sector number. Se ctor (030000) shall be the first sector of the Rewritable Area in the Lead-in Zone. It shall be located at a radius of +0,0 mm
24,0 mm -0,2 mm
The sector numbers of the following sectors shall be increased by 1 for each sector. Sector (30000) shall be the first sector in a groove track.
15
S ector format
15.1 15.1.1
Sector layout S e c t o r l a yo u t i n t h e R e w r i t a b l e A r e a A sector shall consist of 20 fields within a Header field, a Mirror field and 8 fields within a Recording field. The 4 PID fields, the 4 PED fields and the Data field contain data. Each byte of these fields shall be recorded as a 16-Channel bit pattern according to 13.5 and Annex G. All other fields are defined in terms of Channel bits. The numbers below the identifier of each field in Figure 17 indicate the number of 16-Channel bit patterns in each field. The Recording field
- 28 -
may be either unrecorded or recorded with up to 2 048 user bytes. The Header field shall be embossed. The nominal length of a sector shall be 43 152 Channel bits. The length of the Header field shall be 2 048 Channel bits and the length of the Mirror field shall be 32 Channel bits. The nominal length of the Recording field shall be 41 072 Channel bits. It shall consist of a Gap field, a Guard 1 field, a VFO 3 field, a PS field, a Data field, a PA 3 field, a Guard 2 field and a Buffer field. The Header field shall consist of a Header 1 field, a Header 2 field, a Header 3 field and a Header 4 field. The Header 1 field shall consist of a VFO 1, an Address Mark, a Physical ID 1, a PED 1 and a PA 1. The Header 2 field shall consist of a VFO 2, an Address Mark, a Physical ID 2, a PED 2 and a PA 2. The Header 3 field shall consist of a VFO 1, an Address Mark, a Physical ID 3, a PED 3 and a PA 1. The Header 4 field shall consis t of a VFO 2, an Addr ess Mark, a Physical ID 4, a PED 4 and a PA 2. The Header field shall consist of Complementary Allocated Pit Addresses. The Header 1 field and the Header 2 field shall be arranged on the boundary between the groove track and the outer adjacent land track. The Header 3 field and the Header 4 field shall be arranged on the boundary between the groove track and the inner adjacent land track. A groove shall be 41 072 Channel bits in length from the beginning of the Gap field. The groove is wobbled, and one wobble cycle shall be 186 Channel bits in length. This wobbled groove shall be sinusoidal, and shall start with 0 degree of phase at the beginning of the Gap field in each sector. The first half cycle shall be wobbled in the outer radial direction. The groove shall end from 0 to 4 Channel bits before the following Header field. The Mirror field shall be located between the Header 4 and the Gap field. The layout of a sector in the Rewritable Area is shown in Figure 17. The layout of the Header field on a disk from the view of objective lens shall be as shown in Figure 18.
Recording field Header 128
Mirror 2
Gap
Guard 1 20 + K
VFO 3 35
0 ≤ J ≤ 15
PS 3
Data 2 418
PA 3 1
Guard 2 55 - K
Buffer 25 −
J 16
0≤K≤7 a ) S e c t o r l a yo u t
VFO 1 36
AM 3
Header 1 PID 1 PED 1 PA 1 VFO 2 4 2 1 8
AM 3
Header 2 PID 2 PED 2 PA 2 VFO 1 4 2 1 36
AM 3
Header 3 PID 3 PED 3 PA 1 VFO 2 4 2 1 8
b ) H e a d e r f i e l d l a yo u t Figure 17 - Sector and Header field layout in the Rewritable Area
- 29 -
AM 3
Header 4 PID 4 PED 4 PA 2 4 2 1
Figure 18 - Layout of the Header field in the Rewritable Area
15.1.2
S e c t o r l a yo u t i n t h e E m b o s s e d A r e a A sector shall consist of the Data field formed by continuous embossed pits with a size of 38 688 Channel bits. A sector on the track has no gap and is placed continuously from the beginning of the Embossed Area in the Lead-in Zone to the end of the Embossed Area in the Lead-in Zone.
15.2
VFO fields There shall be two embossed VFO 1 fields and two embossed VFO 2 fields in the Header field and one VFO 3 field in the Recording field to give bit synchronization to the variable frequency oscillator of the phase-locked loop of the Read Channel. VFO 1 shall have a length of 576 Channel bits. VFO 2 shall have a length of 128 Channel bits. VFO 3 shall have a length of 560 Channel bits. The continuous Channel bit pattern for the VFO fields shall be as shown in Figure 19.
- 30 -
Figure 19 - VFO patterns
15.3
Address Mark (AM) The Address Mark shall consist of an embossed pattern that does not occur in the 8-to-16 recording code. The field is intended to give the drive byte synchronization for the following PID field. It shall have a length of 48 Channel bits with the following pattern as shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20 - Address Mark pattern
15.4
Physical ID (PID) fields This field shall consist of four bytes the bits of which are numbered consecutively from b 0 (lsb) to b 31 (msb), see Figure 21. b31
b30
Reserved
b27
b29 b28 Physical ID Number
b26 b25 Sector Type
b24 Layer Number
b23
b0 Sector Number
Figure 21 - Physical ID field
The bits of the most significant byte, the Sector Information, shall be set as follows. Bits b 31 to b 30
shall be set to ZERO ZERO
Bits b 29 to b 28
shall be set to ZERO ZERO, ZERO ONE,
indicating PID 1 indicating PID 2
ONE ZERO, ONE ONE,
indicating PID 3 indicating PID 4
- 31 -
Bit b 27 to b 25 shall be set to 100 101 110 111
in the first rewritable sector in a track in the last rewritable sector in a track in the last but one rewritable sector in a track in other rewritable sectors in a track
Bit b 24 shall be set to ZERO, indicating Layer 0 The least significant three bytes, bits b 0 to b 23 , shall specify the sector number in binary notation. In the Rewritable Area, the PID 1 and the PID 2 fields both specify the sector number of the following land sector, the PID 3 and the PID 4 fields both specify the sector number of the following groove sector.
15.5
PID Error Detection code (PED) fields Each PID field and the following PED field constitute a matrix the bytes of which are identified by C j for j = 0 to 5. The bytes of the PED are C 4 and C 5 . 5
PED(x) =
ΣC x = I(x) x mod G (x) j
5-j
2
E
j=4
where: 3
I(x) =
Cj x ∑ j= 0
3-j
1
G E(x) =
∏ (x + αk ) k =0
α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P( x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1
15.6
Postamble 1 and Postamble 2 (PA 1, PA 2) fields The Postamble 1 and Postamble 2 fields shall have a length of 16 Channel bits. The PA 1 field and PA 2 field allow for the closure of the last byte of the preceding PED, Figures 22 to 25.
Figure 22 - PA 1 patterns in State 1 and State 2
- 32 -
Figure 23 - PA 1 patterns in State 3 and State 4
Figure 24 - PA 2 patterns in State 1 and State 2
- 33 -
Figure 25 - PA 2 patterns in State 3 and State 4
15.7
Mirror field Thi s field shall have a nom inal length of 32 Channel bits . This field shall have neither grooves nor embossed marks. There shall be no writing in this field.
15.8
Ga p f ield The Gap field shall have a nominal length of (160 + J) Channel bits, where J shall be varied randomly from 0 to 15. The tolerance on the resulting nominal length shall be ± 20 Channel bits. The variation of the length of the Gap field shall be compensated by the length of the Buffer field. See Annex K. Its contents are not specified and shall be ignored on interchange, but shall not be embossed. It is the first field of the Recording field, and gives a drive time for processing after it has finished reading the Header field and before it has to write the Guard 1 field or read the VFO 3 field.
15.9
Guard 1 field The Guard 1 field shall have a nominal length of (20 + K) bytes, where K shall be varied randomly from 0 to 7 bytes to shift the position of the marks formed in the fields following from the VFO 3 field to the Guard 2 field of the Recording field. See Annex K. The first 20 bytes of the Guard 1 field protect the beginning of the VFO 3 field from signal degradation after overwriting many times. Their contents shall be ignored on reading. The Guard 1 field shall contain (20 + K) times the 16 Channel bit pattern 1000 1000 1000 1000
15.10 Pre-Synchronous code (PS) field The PS field is intended to allow the drive to achieve byte synchronization for the following Data field. It shall contain the 48-Channel bit pattern 0000 0100 0100 1000 0010 0001 0010 0000 1000 0010 0001 0000
15.11 Data field This field shall be recorded with the format specified in clause 13.
15.12 Postamble 3 (PA 3) field The PA 3 field shall be equal in length to 16 Channel bits. The PA 3 field allows closure of the last byte of the preceding Data field as required by the 8-to-16 recording code.
- 34 -
For State 1 and State 2, it shall be set to 0001 0010 0100 0100 / 0001 0010 0000 0100 State 3 and State 4, it shall be set to 10 0 1 0010 00 00 0100 / 1001 0010 010 0 0100 In demodulating, PA 3 can be used as the first 16 Channel bits of SY0 in the next Data field.
15.1 3 G uard 2 fi eld The Guard 2 field shall have a nominal length of (55-K) bytes, where K shall be varied from 0 to 7 so that the total length of Guard 1 field and Guard 2 field shall be equal to 75 bytes. The last 20 bytes of th e Guard 2 field p ro tect the en d of the Data field from degradation after overwriting many times. The rest of the Guard 2 field takes up the variation of actual length of the written data. Its contents shall be ignored in interchange. The Guard 2 field shall be set to (55-K) times the 16-Channel bit pattern 100 0 1000 1000 10 00 The fields of the Gu ard 1 field, the VFO3 field, the PS field, the Data field, the PA 3 field and the Guard 2 field shall be w ritten w ithout a g ap and the ir total le ngth shall be 2 532 bytes. See Annex K.
15.14 Re c ording po larity randomization In th e Rewritable A rea, the polarit y of NRZI- converted pulses shall be alternated randomly at each recording in order to homogenize the average probability of location of the marks and spaces on the recor ding laye r after a numb er of over writing cycles. The alternation shall be applied t o all pulses in th e Guar d 1 fiel d, the VFO3 field, the PS field, the Data field, the PA 3 field and the Guard 2 field, at the same time. The random select ion sha ll be ca rried out i n such a way that the polarity, length of the Gap field and length of the G uard 2 f ield sh all have no relation w ith each o ther. S ee A nnex J. The polarity shall be ignored on interchange.
15.15 Buffer field The Buffer field shall have a nominal length of (400 - J) Channel bits, where the J shall equal the number J selected in 15.8. The tolerance on the resulting nomi nal va lue s hall be ± 272 Cha nnel bits. The content of this field is not specified by this Ecma Standard, and shall be ignored in interchange. The Buffer field is needed for the actual length of the written data, as deter mined by the runo ut of the track and the s peed va riations of the dis k during wr iting of the data .
16 16.1
Format of the Information Zone Division o f the Inform ation Zone The Information Zone shall co mprise three parts: the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Leadout Zone. It shall contain all information on the disk relevant for data interch ange. This informa tion shall consist of tracking provisions, Header fields, data and user-recorded data. In the first five zones of the Lead-in Zone (see 16.2) this information is embossed. These five zones constitute the Embossed Area. The last six zones of the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone constitute the Rewritable Area in which the information is recorded in rewritable mode.
- 35 -
The Informa tion Zone shall be sub-divided as follows.
−
Lead-in Zone
− − − − − − − − − − − −
Initial Zone Reference Code Zone Buffer Zone 1 Control Data Zone Buffer Zone 2 Connection Zone G uard Track Zone 1 D isk T est Zones Drive Test Zone Gua rd Track Zone 2 Disk Identification (ID) Zone Defect Management Areas (DMA 1 and DMA 2)
−
D ata Zone
−
L ead-out Zone
− − − − − −
Defect Management Areas (DMA 3 and DMA 4) Res erved Z one Gua rd Track Zone 1 Drive Test Zone Disk Test Zo ne Guard Track Zone 2
The division of the Information Zone for 120 mm dis k s hall be as shown in Table 5, and for 80 mm disk shall be as shown in Table 6. The radii of a Zone in the table are the nominal values of the radius of the centre of the first track and of the radius of the ce ntre o f the last track of the Z one. The toleran ce on these nomina l values shall be +0,0 mm and -0,2 mm.
- 36 -
Table 5 - Layout of the Information Zone for 120 mm disk Zone
Leadin
Embossed Area
Zone Rewritable Area
Data Zone Rewritable Area
Lead-out Zone Rewritable Area
Initial Zone Reference Code Zone Buffer Zone 1 Control Data Zone Buffer Zone 2 Connection Zone Guard Track Zone 1 Disk Test Zone Drive Test Zone Guard Track Zone 2 Disk ID Zone DMA 1 & DMA 2 Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 Zone 14 Zone 15 Zone 16 Zone 17 Zone 18 Zone 19 Zone 20 Zone 21 Zone 22 Zone 23 Zone 24 Zone 25 Zone 26 Zone 27 Zone 28 Zone 29 Zone 30 Zone 31 Zone 32 Zone 33 Zone 34 DMA 3 and DMA 4 Reserved Zone Guard Track Zone 1 Drive Test Zone Disk Test Zone Guard Track Zone 2
Nominal radius (mm)
22,6 to 24,0
Number of sectors per track 18
Number of tracks
Sector numbers
1 896 min.
to (02EFFF) (02F000) to (02F00F) (02F010) to (02F1FF) (02F200) to (02FDFF) (02FE00) to (02FFFF)
24,0 to 24,1
25
1 568
24,1 to 25,0 25,0 to 25,9 25,9 to 26,9 26,9 to 27,9 27,9 to 28,8 28,8 to 29,8 29,8 to 30,8 30,8 to 31,7 31,7 to 32,7 32,7 to 33,6 33,6 to 34,6 34,6 to 35,6 35,6 to 36,5 36,5 to 37,5 37,5 to 38,8 38,5 to 39,4 39,4 to 40,4 40,4 to 41,4 41,4 to 42,3 42,3 to 43,3 43,3 to 44,3 44,3 to 45,2 45,2 to 46,2 46,2 to 47,1 47,1 to 48,1 48,1 to 49,1 49,1to 50,0 50,0 to 51,0 51,0 to 52,0 52,0 to 52,9 52,9 to 53,9 53,9 to 54,9 54,9 to 55,8 55,8 to 56,8 56,8 to 57,9 57,9 to 58,5
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 59
1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 792 982,5
- 37 -
(030000) to (0301FF) (030200) to (0305FF) (030600) to (030CFF) (030D00) to (030EFF) (030F00) to (030F7F) (030F80) to (030FFF) (031000) to (03991F) (039920) to (04385F) (043860) to (04DDBF) (04DDC0) to (05893F) (058940) to (063ADF) (063AE0) to (06F29F) (06F2A0) to (07B07F) (07B080) to (08747F) (087480) to (093E9F) (093EA0) to (0A0EDF) (0A0EE0) to (0AE53F) (0AE540) to (0BC1BF) (0BC1C0) to (0CA45F) (0CA460) to (0D8D1F) (0D8D20) to (0E7BFF) (0E7C00) to (0F70FF) (0F7100) to (106C1F) (106C20) to (116D5F) (116D60) to (1274BF) (1274C0) to (13823F) (138240) to (1495DF) (1495E0) to (15AF9F) (15AFA0) to (16CF7F) (16CF80) to (17F57F) (17F580) to (19219F) (1921A0) to (1A53DF) (1A53E0) to (1B8C3F) (1B8C40) to (1CCABF) (1CCAC0) to (1E0F5F) (1E0F60) to (1F5A1F) (1F5A20) to (20AAFF) (20AB00) to (2201FF) (220200) to (235F1F) (235F20) to (24C25F) (24C260) to (265F5F) (265F60) to (26601F) (266020) to (2660DF) (2660E0) to (2662DF) (2662E0) to (2669DF) (2669E0) to (2670DF) (2670E0) to (2741CF)
Table 6 - Layout of the Information Zone for 80 mm disk Zone
Leadin
Embossed Area
Zone Rewritable Area
Data Zone Rewritable Area
Lead-out Zone Rewritable Area
16.2 16.2.1
Nominal radius (mm)
Initial Zone Reference Code Zone Buffer Zone 1 Control Data Zone Buffer Zone 2 Connection Zone Guard Track Zone 1 Disk Test Zone Drive Test Zone Guard Track Zone 2 Disk ID Zone DMA 1 & DMA 2 Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Zone 13 DMA 3 and DMA 4 Reserved Zone Guard Track Zone 1 Drive Test Zone Disk Test Zone Guard Track Zone 2
22,6 to 24,0
Number of sectors per track 18
Number of tracks
Sector numbers
1 896 min.
to (02EFFF) (02F000) to (02F00F) (02F010) to (02F1FF) (02F200) to (02FDFF) (02FE00) to (02FFFF)
(030000) to (0301FF) (030200) to (0305FF) (030600) to (030CFF) (030D00) to (030EFF) (030F00) to (030F7F) (030F80) to (030FFF)
24,0 to 24,1
25
1 568
24,1 to 25,0 25,0 to 25,9 25,9 to 26,9 26,9 to 27,9 27,9 to 28,8 28,8 to 29,8 29,8 to 30,8 30,8 to 31,7 31,7 to 32,7 32,7 to 33,6 33,6 to 34,6 34,6 to 35,6 35,6 to 36,5 36,5 to 38,1 38,1 to 38,5
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38
1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 1 568 2 464 730,2
(031000) to (03991F) (039920) to (04385F) (043860) to (04DDBF) (04DDC0) to (05893F) (058940) to (063ADF) (063AE0) to (06F29F) (06F2A0) to (07B07F) (07B080) to (08747F) (087480) to (093E9F) (093EA0) to (0A0EDF) (0A0EE0) to (0AE53F) (0AE540) to (0BC1BF) (0BC1C0) to (0CA45F) (0CA460) to (0E121F) (0E1220) to (0E12DF) (0E12E0) to (0E139F) (0E13A0) to (0E159F) (0E15A0) to (0E1A1F) (0E1A20) to (0E1D9F) (0E1DA0) to (0E7E7F)
Lead-in Zo ne Structure of Lead-in Zone The structure of the Lead-in Zone is shown in Figure 26. The sector numbers indicate the first sector o f eac h zone, as well as the last one of the Initial Zone and of Buffer Zone 2. The first five zon es ar e in the Embos sed Area, the Connection Zone constitutes t he Mirror Zone, the last seven zones and the Data Zone are in the Rewritable Area.
- 38 -
Initial Zone Sector No.192 511 Sector No.192 512 Sector No.192 528 Sector No.193 024 Sector No.196 096 Sector No.196 607
Reference Code Zone 16 Sectors Buffer Zone 1 1 496 Sectors Control Data Zone 3 072 Sectors Buffer Zone 2 512 Sectors
Sector No. (02EFFF) Sector No. (02F000) Sector No. (02F010) Sector No. (02F200) Sector No. (02FE00) Sector No. (02FFFF)
Connection Zone Sector No.196 608 Sector No.197 120 Sector No.198 144 Sector No.199 936 Sector No.200 448 Sector No.200 576 Sector No.200 704
Guard Track Zone 1 512 Sectors Disk Test Zone 1 024 Sectors Drive Test Zone 1 792 Sectors Guard Track Zone 2 512 Sectors Disk Identification Zone 128 Sectors DMA1 & DMA2 128 Sectors Data Zone
Sector No. (030000) Sector No. (030200) Sector No. (030600) Sector No. (030D00) Sector No. (030F00) Sector No. (030F80) Sector No. (031000)
Figure 26 - Structure of the Lead-in Zone
16.2.2
Initial Zone This zo ne sh all c omprise at least 30 032 sectors. The Main Da ta of the Da ta Frames recorded in the Initial Zone shall be set to (00).
16.2.3
Reference Code Zone The Re feren ce C ode Zone shall consist of the 16 Recorded Data Fields from an ECC Block which g enera te a specific Channel bit pattern on the disk. This shall be ac hieved by setting to (AC) all 2 04 8 M ain Data bytes of the Data Frame. Moreover, n o scramb lin g shall be applied to this Data Frame, except to the first 160 Main Data bytes of the Data Frame of the ECC Block.
16.2.4
Buffer Zone 1 This zo ne sh all co nsist of 496 Recorded Data Fields from 31 E CC Blocks . T he Main Data of the Data Frames ev entually rec orded as Recorded Data Fields in this zone shal l be set to (00).
16.2.5
Buffer Zone 2 This zone shall consist o f 512 Recorded Data Fields from 32 ECC Blocks. The Main Data of the Dat a Frames rec orded as Recorded Data Field s in this zone shall be set to (00).
16.2.6
Control Data Zone The Data fields in the Control Data Zone sha ll contain embossed control data for the drive. The Control Data Zone comprises the 192 ECC Blocks starting from the sector number 193 024 (02F200). The content o f 16 sectors in each block shown in Figure 27 is repea ted 192 times. In each ECC B lock, th e first sector shall contain Physica l format information and the second sector in each block sha ll contain Disk manufacturing information. Th e contents of the other sectors in each block are rese rved. All the bytes in the reserved block shall be set to (00). - 39 -
Physical format information 2 048 bytes Disk manufacturing information 2 048 bytes
Reserved 14 × 2 048 bytes set to (00)
Figure 27 - Structure of an ECC Block in the Control Data Zone
1 6 . 2 . 6 . 1 P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n This information shall comprise the 2 048 bytes specified by Table 7. Table 7 - Physical format information Byte position 0 1 2 3 4 to 15 16 17 to 31 32 33 to 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518
Contents Disk Category and Version Number Disk size and maximum transfer rate Disk structure Recording density Data Zone allocation BCA Descriptor Reserved Disk Type identification Reserved Velocity Read power Mode flag of adaptive write pulse control Peak power for land tracks Bias Power 1 for land tracks Bias Power 2 for land tracks Bias Power 3 for land tracks Peak power for groove tracks Bias Power 1 for groove tracks Bias Power 2 for groove tracks Bias Power 3 for groove tracks First pulse end time First pulse duration Multiple pulse duration Last pulse start time Last pulse duration Bias power2 duration First pulse start time, Mark 3T, Leading Space 3T First pulse start time, Mark 4T, Leading Space 3T
- 40 -
Number of bytes 1 1 1 1 12 1 15 1 467 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 7 - Physical format information (concluded) Byte position 519 520
Contents
First pulse start time, Mark 5T, Leading Space 3T First pulse start time, Mark >5T, Leading Space 3T 521 First pulse start time, Mark 3T, Leading Space 4T 522 First pulse start time, Mark 4T, Leading Space 4T 523 First pulse start time, Mark 5T, Leading Space 4T 524 First pulse start time, Mark >5T, Leading Space 4T 525 First pulse start time, Mark 3T, Leading Space 5T 526 First pulse start time, Mark 4T, Leading Space 5T 527 First pulse start time, Mark 5T, Leading Space 5T 528 First pulse start time, Mark >5T, Leading Space 5T 529 First pulse start time, Mark 3T, Leading Space >5T 530 First pulse start time, Mark 4T, Leading Space >5T 531 First pulse start time, Mark 5T, Leading Space >5T 532 First pulse start time, Mark >5T, Leading Space >5T 533 Last pulse end time, Mark 3T, Trailing Space 3T 534 Last pulse end time, Mark 4T, Trailing Space 3T 535 Last pulse end time, Mark 5T, Trailing Space 3T 536 Last pulse end time, Mark >5T, Trailing Space 3T 537 Last pulse end time, Mark 3T, Trailing Space 4T 538 Last pulse end time, Mark 4T, Trailing Space 4T 539 Last pulse end time, Mark 5T, Trailing Space 4T 540 Last pulse end time, Mark >5T, Trailing Space 4T 541 Last pulse end time, Mark 3T, Trailing Space 5T 542 Last pulse end time, Mark 4T, Trailing Space 5T 543 Last pulse end time, Mark 5T, Trailing Space 5T 544 Last pulse end time, Mark >5T, Trailing Space 5T 545 Last pulse end time, Mark 3T, Trailing Space >5T 546 Last pulse end time, Mark 4T, Trailing Space >5T 547 Last pulse end time, Mark 5T, Trailing Space >5T 548 Last pulse end time, Mark >5T, Trailing Space >5T 549 to 596 Disk manufacturer's name 597 to 612 Disk manufacturer's supplementary information 613 to 623 Write power control parameters 624 to 2 047 Reserved
Number of bytes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48 16 11 1 424
Byte 0 - Disk Category and Version Number Bits b 7 to b 4
shall specify the Disk Category They shall be set to 0001, indicating a rewritable disk
Bits b 3 to b 0
shall specify the Version Number They shall be set to 0110, indicating this Ecma Standard
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard.
- 41 -
Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate Bits b 7 to b 4
shall specify the disk size. They shall be set to 0000, indicating a 120 mm disk, or they shall be set to 0001, indicating a 80 mm disk.
Bits b 3 to b 0
shall specify the maximum transfer rate. They shall be set to 1111, indicating that a maximum transfer rate is not specified.
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Byte 2 - D isk structure Bits b 7
shall be set to ZERO
Bits b 6 and b 5
shall specify the numb er of recording layers accessible through an Entrance surface They shall be set to 00, indicating a single layer
Bit b 4
shall be set to ZERO
Bits b 3 to b 0
shall specify the type of the recording lay er They shall be set to 0100, indicating a rewritable recording layer
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Byte 3 - Record ing density Bits b 7 to b 4
shall specify the average Channel bit length They shall be set to 0100, indicating 0,140 µm to 0,148 µm
Bits b 3 to b 0
shall specify the average track pitch They shall be set to 001 0, indicating an average track pitch of 0,615 µm
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Byte 4 to 15 - Data Zone allocation Byte 4
shall be set to (00).
Byte 5 to 7
shall be set to (031000) to specify the S ector Number 200 704 of the first Recorded Data Field of the Data Zone.
Byte 8
shall be set to (00).
Byte 9 to 11
shall be set to (265F5F) to specify the Sector Number 2 514 783 of the last Recorded Data Field of the Data Zone in case of a 120 mm disk, or set to (0E121F) to specify the Sector Number 922 143 of the last Recorded Data Field of the Data Zone in case of a 80 mm disk.
Byte 12
shall be set to (00).
Bytes 13 to 15
shall be set to (00).
Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Bytes 16 – BCA Descriptor This byte shall specify whether or not there is a Burst Cutting Area on the disk. Bits b 0 to b 6
shall be set to ZERO
- 42 -
Bit b 7 , the BCA Flag shall specify whether or not a BCA exists. if set to ZERO, it shall indicate that no BCA exists if set to ONE, it shall indicate that a BCA exists. Bytes 17 to 31 - Reserved These bytes shall all be set to (00). Byte 32 - Disk type identification This byte shall specify the Disk type. This byte shall be set to (00), if a disk shall not be recorded without a case (10), if a disk may be recorded with or w ithout a case Bytes 33 to 499 - Reserved These bytes shall all be set to (00) . Byte 500 - Velocity This byte shall be set to 01010010, indicating a linear velocity of 8,2 m/s. Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Byte 501 - Read power at Velocity This byte shall specify the Read power on the read-out surface of the disk for playback. This byte shall be set to 00001010, indicating a Read power of 1,0 mW. Other settings are prohibited by this Ecma Standard. Byte 502 - Adaptive write pulse control mode flag This byte shall specify the mode of adaptive write pulse control, see 22.3.4. Bit b 7
shall be set to ZERO, if the mode is case 1 ONE, if the mode is case 2.
Bits b 6 to b 0
shall be set to ZEROs.
Byte 503 - Peak power for land tracks This byte shall specify the Peak power on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on land track s. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual Peak power specified by the following formula. Actual Peak power = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 504 - Bias power 1 for land tracks This byte shall specify the Bias power 1 on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on land trac ks. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual Bias power 1 specified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 1 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 505 - Bias power 2 for land tracks
- 43 -
This byte shall specify the Bias power 2 on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on land tracks. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual Bias power 2 specified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 2 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 506 - Bias power 3 for land tracks This byte shall specify the Bias power 3 on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on land tracks. This byt e shall be set to a value indicating an actual Bias power 3 specified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 3 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 507 - Peak power for groove tracks This byte shall specify the Peak power on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on g roove tracks. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual Peak power specified by the following formula. Actual Peak power = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 508 - Bias power 1 for groove tracks This byt e shall specify the Bias power 1 on the read-out surface of the disk for recording on groove tracks. T his byte shall be se t to a value indicating an actual Bias power 1 specified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 1 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 509 - Bias power 2 for groove tracks This byte shall specify the Bias power 2 on the read-ou t surface of the disk for recording on groove tracks. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an ac tua l Bias power 2 sp ecified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 2 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 510 - Bias pow er 3 for groove tracks This byte shall specify the Bias power 3 on the read-out surface of the disk for re cording on g roove tracks. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual Bias power 3 specified by the following formula. Actual Bias power 3 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 511 - First pulse end time This byte shall specify the first pulse end time (T E FP ), see Annex H. This byte shall be ignored if bit b 7 of Byte 502 is set to ONE. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) - 44 -
Byte 512 - First pulse duration This byte shall specify the first pulse duration (T FP ), see Annex H. This byte shall be ignored if bit b 7 of Byte 502 is set to ZERO. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual duration specified by the following formula. Actual duration = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 513 - Multiple pulse duration This byte shall specify the multiple pulse duration (TMP), see Annex H. Bit b7 shall be set to ZERO, indicating the same direction to the laser spot scanning. Bits b6 to b0 shall be set to 0000000, indicating a TMP of 0 ns. Byte 514 - Last pulse start time This byte shall specify the last pulse start time (T SLP ), see Annex H. This byte shall be ignored if bit b 7 of Byte 502 is set to ONE. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 515 - Last pulse duration This byte shall specify the last pulse duration (T LP ), see Annex H. This byte shall be ignored if bit b 7 of Byte 502 is set to ZERO. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual duration specified by the following formula. Actual duration = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 516 - Bias power 2 duration on land tracks at Velocity 1 This byte shall specify the Bias power 2 duration (T LC), see Annex H. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual duration specified by the following formula. Actual duration = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 517 - First puls e start time, at Mark 3T and Leading Space 3T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS3, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot s canning
- 45 -
Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 518 - First puls e start time, at Mark 4T and Leading Space 3T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacen t to and before the mark is LS3, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spo t scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 519 - First puls e start time, at Mark 5T and Leading Space 3T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (TSFP), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacen t to and before the mark is LS3, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spo t scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 520 - First puls e start time, at Mark >5T and Leading Space 3T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacen t to and before the mark is LS3, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 521 - First puls e start time, at Mark 3T and Leading Space 4T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacen t to and before the mark is LS4, see 22.3.3.
- 46 -
Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 522 - First puls e start time, at Mark 4T and Leading Space 4T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacen t to and before the mark is LS4, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 523 - First puls e start time, at Mark 5T and Leading Space 4T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS4, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot sc anning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 524 - First puls e start time, at Mark >5T and Leading Space 4T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS4, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot sca nning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 525 - First puls e start time, at Mark 3T and Leading Space 5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H.
- 47 -
This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS5, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser s pot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 526 - First pulse start time, at Mark 4T and Leading Space 5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NR ZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS5, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 sh all be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 527 - First pulse start time, at Mark 5T and Leading Space 5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS5, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot s canning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time s pecified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 528 - First pulse start time, at Mark >5T and Leading Space 5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and befo re the mark is LS5, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns)
- 48 -
Byte 529 - First pulse start time, at Mark 3T and Leading Space >5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS6, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 sha ll be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 53 0 - First pulse start time, at Mark 4T and Leading Space >5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark lengt h of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjace nt to and before the mark is LS6, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the s ame to the laser s pot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 531 - First pulse start time, at Mark 5T and Leading Space >5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NR ZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS6, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 sh all be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spot scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time specified by the following formula. Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 532 - First pulse start time, at Mark >5T and Leading Space >5T This byte shall specify the first pulse start time (T SFP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS6, see 22.3.3. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, if the direction is the same to the laser spot scanning ONE, if the direction is opposite to the laser spo t scanning Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual start time s pecified by the following formula.
- 49 -
Actual start time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 533 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 3T and Trailing Space 3T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS3, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time spec ified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 534 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 4T and Trailing Space 3T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS3, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time spec ified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 535 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 5T and Trailing Space 3T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS3, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time sp ecified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 536 - Last pulse end time, at Mark >5T and Trailing Space 3T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS3, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time spec ified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 537 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 3T and Trailing Space 4T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS4, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time speci fied by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 538 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 4T and Trailing Space 4T - 50 -
This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjac ent to and after the mark is TS4, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 539 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 5T and Trailing Space 4T T his byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS4, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 540 - Last pulse end time, at Mark >5T and Trailing Space 4T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI s ignal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS4, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 541 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 3T and Trailing Space 5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS5, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 542 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 4T and Trailing Space 5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the c at e gory of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS5, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a valu e indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end ti me = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 543 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 5T and Trailing Space 5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H.
- 51 -
This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS5, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time speci fied by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 544 - Last pulse end time, at Mark >5T and Trailing Space 5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI s ignal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adja cent to and after the mark is TS5, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 545 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 3T and Trailing Space >5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M3 and the category of the space length of the NRZI sig nal adjacent to and after the mark is TS6, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 546 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 4T and Trailing Space >5 This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M4 and the category of the sp ace length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS6, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Byte 547 - Last pulse end time, at Mark 5T and Trailing Space >5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI sig nal is M5 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS6, see 22.3.3. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) B yte 548 - Last puls e end time, at Mark >5T and Trailing Space >5T This byte shall specify the last pulse end time (T ELP ), see Annex H. This value is valid if the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M6 and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS6, see 22.3.3. - 52 -
This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual end time specified by the following formula. Actual end time = Value × 1 (ns) Bytes 549 to 596 - Disk manufacturer's name This field is optional for use. If this field is not used, it shall be set to (00). If this field is used, it shall satisfy the following conditions. i.
This field shall consist of 48 bytes of Standard ECMA-6 which correspond to the disk manufacturer's name.
ii.
The available characters for this field shall be limited to that represented by (0D) and those by (20) to (7E).
iii. The first character of the disk manufacture's name shall be recorded in the first byte of this field. iv. The disk manufacturer's name shall be terminated with (0D) if the field is not full. v. Bytes after (0D) in this field shall be set to (20). Bytes 597 to 612 - Disk manufacturer's supplementary information This field is optional for use. The disk manufacturer's supplementary information (e.g. manufacturing lot number, date, place, and so forth) can be located in this field. If this field is not used, it shall be set to all (00). If this field is used, then it shall satisfy the following conditions. i.
This field shall consist of 16 bytes of Standard ECMA-6 which correspo nd to the disk manufacturer's supplementary information.
ii .
The available ch aracters for this field shall b e limited to that represented by (0D) and those by (20) to (7E).
iii. The disk manufacturer's supp lementary name shall be terminated with (0D) if the field is not full. iv. Bytes after (0D) in this field shall be set to (20). Byte 613 to 623 – Write power c ontrol parameters This field is optional f or use. If a disk manufacturer does not use this field, then this field shall be set to (00). If a disk manufacturer uses this field, then the contents of this field shall be as follows. i.
The values in Bytes 615 to 623 shall be decided by the disk manufacturer.
ii.
The write power control parameters may be used for write power calibration by a drive.
Bytes 613 and 614 - Identifier This field shall be set to (01)(01). Byte 615 - Ratio of Peak power for land tracks to threshold peak power for land tracks This byte shall specify the ratio of the Peak power for land tracks to the threshold Peak power for land tracks. The threshold Peak power is defined as the Peak power when the jitter value of random data becomes 13% with the Bias power 1, 2, 3 and the write pulse set to the - 53 -
values given in Bytes 504 to 506, Byte 502 and Bytes 511 to 548 of the physical format information. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual ratio of Peak power for land tracks to threshold Peak power for land tracks specified by the following formula. Actual ratio = Value × 0,01 Byte 616 - Target asymmetry This byte shall specify the value of the asymmetry of 6T signal recorded on land tracks with the Peak power, Bias power 1, 2, 3 and the write pulse set to the values given in BP617 to BP620, BP502 and BP511 to BP548 of the physical format information. Bit b 7 shall be set to ZERO, in case of 0 or plus sign ONE, in case of minus sign Bits b 6 to b 0 shall be set to a value indicating an actual value of asymmetry specified by the following formula. Actual value of asymmetry = Value × 1 (%) Byte 617 - Temporary Peak power This byte shall specify the temporary Peak power on the read-out surface of the disk for determining the adaptive write control tables. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual temporary Peak power specified by the following formula. Actual temporary Peak power = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 618 - Temporary Bias power 1 This byte shall specify the temporary Bias power 1 on the read-out surface of the disk for determining the adaptive write control tables. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual temporary Bias power 1 specified by the following formula. Actual temporary Bias power 1 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 619 - Temporary Bias power 2 This byte shall specify the temporary Bias power 2 on the read-out surface of the disk for determining the adaptive write control tables. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual temporary Bias power 2 specified by the following formula. Actual temporary Bias power 2 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 620 - Temporary Bias power 3 This byte shall specify the temporary Bias power 3 on the read-out surface of the disk for determining the adaptive write control tables. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual temporary Bias power 3 specified by the following formula. Actual temporary Bias power 3 = Value × 0,1 (mW) Byte 621 - Ratio of Peak power for groove tracks to threshold peak power for groove tracks
- 54 -
This byte shall specify the ratio of the Peak power for groove tracks to the threshold Peak power for groove tracks. The threshold Peak power is defined as the Peak power when the jitter value of random data becomes 13% with the Bias power 1, 2, 3 and the write pulse set to the values given in Bytes 504 to 506, Byte 502 and Bytes 511 to 548 of the physical format information. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual ratio of Peak power for groove tracks to threshold Peak power for groove tracks specified by the following formula. Actual ratio = Value × 0,01 Byte 622 - Ratio of Peak power for land tracks to threshold 6T peak power for land tracks This byte shall specify the ratio of the Peak power for land tracks to the threshold 6T Peak power for land tracks. The threshold 6T Peak power is defined as the Peak power when the jitter value of 6T pattern becomes 13% with the Bias power 1, 2, 3 and the write pulse set to the values given in Bytes 504 to 506, Byte 502 and Bytes 511 to 548 of the physical format information. This byte shall be set to a value indicating an actual ratio of Peak power for land tracks to threshold 6T Peak power for land tracks spe cified by the following formula. Actual ratio = Value × 0,01 Byte 623 - Ratio of Peak power for groove tracks to threshold 6T peak po wer for groove tracks This byte shall specify the ratio of the Peak power for groove tracks to the threshold 6 T Peak power for groove tracks. The threshold 6T Peak power is defined as the Peak p ower when the jitter value of 6T pattern becomes 13% with the Bias power 1, 2, 3 and the write pulse set to the values given in Bytes 504 to 506, Byte 502 and Bytes 511 to 548 of the physical format information. This byte shall be set to a value i ndicating a n actual ratio of Peak power for groove tracks to thr eshold 6T Peak po wer for groove tracks specified b y the following formula. Actu al ratio = Value × 0,01 Bytes 624 to 2047 - Res erved Th ese bytes shall be set to (00 ). 16.2.6.2 Disk manufacturing information Th is Ecma Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 2 048 bytes. They shall be ignored for interchange. 16.2.7
Connection Zone The C onnection Zone i s intended to connect th e Embossed Area and the Rewritable Area. This zone shall have neither grooves nor embossed marks. The distance between the track centreline of the last sector of the Buffer Zone 2, sector No. (02FFFF), a nd that of the first sector of Guard Track Zone 1, sector N o. (030000), shall be in the range 1,42 µm to 6,16 µm, see Figure 28.
- 55 -
Figure 28 - Structure around the Connection Zone
- 56 -
16.2.8
Guard Track Zones 1 and 2 Both z ones shall consist of 512 sectors each. They shall contain grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and the Recording fields. The recording fields of the Guard Track Zones shall be unrec orded.
16.2.9
Disk Test Zone Th is z one shall consist of 1 024 sectors. It shall contain grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. This z one is intended for use by the disk manufacturers, and sha ll be ignored in interchange.
1 6 . 2 . 1 0 D r i ve T e s t Z o n e This zone shall c onsist of 1 792 sectors. It shall contain grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. This zone is intended fo r use by the d rive, and s hall be ignored in interc hange. 16.2.11 Disk Identification Zone The Disk id entificatio n Zone in the Lead-in area sh all contain Disk identification information, Drive infor mation and a reserved a rea. The Disk identification information shall comprise 4 ECC Bl o cks sta rting from se ctor number (030F00). The contents of the 16 sectors of each Disk identification information block shall be identical. The Drive information is comprised of 2 E CC Blocks starting from sector number (030F40). The content of the 16 sectors of each Dri ve information block shall be identical. Th e structure of a Disk identification zone in the Lead-in area is as shown in Figure 29. The Drive information shall be read or written in ascending order of sector number.
Disk identification information 1 16 Sectors Disk identification information 2 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F00)
Sector No. 200 480
Disk identification information 3 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F20)
Sector No. 200 496
Disk identification information 4 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F30)
Sector No. 200 512
Drive information 1 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F40)
Sector No. 200 528
Drive information 2 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F50)
Sector No. 200 544
Reserved 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F60)
Sector No. 200 560
Reserved 16 Sectors
Sector No. (030F70)
Sector No. 200 448 Sector No. 200 464
Sector No. (030F10)
Figure 29 - Structure of a Disk Identification Zone in the Lead-in Zone
16.2.11.1Disk identification information The Disk identification information shall contain the specific information which descr ibes the physical and/or logical status of the disk. The contents of the Disk identification information are as shown in Table 8. The Disk identification information shall be read or written in ascending order of sector number.
- 57 -
When the disk is initialized or re-initialized, the write inhibit flags shall be set to ZERO. T a b l e 8 - C o n t e n t s o f t h e D is k i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n Byte position
Contents
Number of bytes
0
Write inhibit flag for a disk
1
1 to 32 767
Reserved
32 767
Byte 0 – Write inhibit flag for a disk shall be set to
Bits b 7
ZERO, if the whole disk is not write inhibited ONE, if the whole disk is write inhibited except the Drive test zone and the Disk identification zone. Bits b 6 to b 0
shall be set to ZEROs
Byte 1 to 32 767 - Reserved All bytes shall be set to (00). 16.2.11.2Write inhibition The write-inhibit flag in the Disk identification information can be used for a write protection function for a disk without a case. The write-inhibit flag is optional. The write inhibit flag may be independently used for a disk in a case, in addition to the mechanical write inhibit hole on the case. 1 6 . 2 . 1 1 . 3 D r i ve i n f o r m a t i o n The Drive information is optional for use. The structure of a Drive information block is as shown in Figure 30.
Relative sector number 0
Drive description 0 2 048 bytes
1
Drive description 1 2 048 bytes
. . . . 15
. . . . Drive description 15 2 048 bytes
Figure 30 - Structure of a Drive information block
If this information is used, then this field shall satisfy the following conditions. When updating the Drive information blocks, the following procedure shall be used: 1) When Drive information 1 can be read: The new Drive description 0 shall be written in relative sector number 0 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2. The contents, which had previously been written in relative sector number 0 to 14 of Drive information 1, shall be written in relative sector number 1 to 15 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2. 2) When Drive information1 cannot be read and Drive information 2 can be read:
- 58 -
The new Drive description 0 shall be written in relative sector number 0 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2. The contents, which had previously been written in relative sector number 0 to 14 of Drive information 2, shall be written in relative sector number 1 to 15 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2. 3 ) When Drive information 1 and Drive information 2 cannot b e read: The new Drive description 0 shall be written in relative sector number 0 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2. Relative sector number 1 to 15 of both Drive information 1 and Drive information 2 shall be set to (00). The contents of the Drive description is shown in Table 9. Table 9 - Contents of the Drive description Byte position
Contents
Number of bytes
0 to 47
Drive manufacturer's name
48
48 to 95
Additional information
48
96 to 2 047
Drive condition
1 952
Bytes 0 to 47 - Drive manufacturer's name This field shall be consist of 48 bytes of Standard ECMA-6 which corresponds to the drive manufacturer's name. The available characters for this field shall be limited to that represented by (0D) and those by (20) to (7E). The first character of the drive manufacturer's name shall be specified in the first byte of this field. The drive manufacturer's name shall be terminated with (0D) if the field is not full. Bytes after (0D) in this field shall be set to (20). Bytes 48 to 95 - Additional information Additional information (e.g. manufacturing serial number, date, place, and so forth) can be located in this field. This field shall consist of 48 bytes of Standard ECMA-6 which corresponds to the drive manufacturer's additional information. The available characters for this field shall be limited to that represented by (0D) and those by (20) to (7E). The additional information shall be terminated with (0D) if the field is not full. Bytes after (0D) in this field shall set to (20). Bytes 96 to 2 047 - Drive condition Only the drive manufacturer defined in Byte 0 to 47 may write data in this field. The drive manufacturer may write any data in this field. 16.2.12 DMA 1 and DMA 2 This zone shall consist of 128 sectors. DMA 1 and DMA 2 shall be as specified in 17.1.
16.3 16.3.1
Data Zone Structure of Data Zone and of the Defect Management Areas (DMAs) The Data Zone shall contain a Rewritable Area. The Data Zone shall start from sector No. (031000). - 59 -
Each zone of the Data Zone shall comprise Guard Track Zones as specified in 16.3.2. The position of the DMAs relative to the Da ta Zone is shown in Figure 31.
Figure 31 – Location of the DMAs relative to the Data Zone
16.3.2
Guard Track Zones Each zone within the Data Zone shall start and end with a Guard Track Zone, except Zone 0 which does not start with a Guard Track Zone and Zone 34 in case of 120 mm disk and Zo ne 13 in case o f 80 m m d isk which does not end with a Guard Track Zone. The number of s ec to rs in the Guard Track Zones shall be the smallest mult iple of 16 sufficient to occupy two tracks. The Guard Track Zones shall contain embossed grooves, Header fields and Recording fields wh ich sh al l b e unre co rd e d.
16.3.3
Partitioning Th e D ata a r ea sha ll co ns is t of a s in g le G ro u p, c om p ri si ng t he U s e r a r ea a n d th e S pa re area. Th e G ro up s ha ll co ns is t of 3 5 zo n e s in c as e o f 1 2 0 m m d is k a nd 1 4 z on e s in c as e of 80 mm dis k. There are two types of the Spare area; Primary spare area and Supplementary spare area. The Primary sp ar e ar ea s ha ll b e a llo ca te d d u rin g Formatting. The Supp lementary spare area may be allocat ed afte r or d ur in g F or m at tin g , as t he ne e d ar is es . W h en the Su p pl em e nt ary spare area is al located , se c to rs in th e S u pp le m en ta r y sp a re ar ea sh a ll no t h av e L o gic al Sector Numbe r (L SN). T he la y ou t of S pa re ar ea s hall b e in de p en d en t fro m t he t im in g o f a ll oca tio n. The allocatio n of thes e a rea s is a s s ho w n in Ta b le 1 0 in c a se o f 12 0 m m di sk a nd in Ta ble 11 in case of 80 mm disk. Sectors in the User Area shall have a sequential LSN, except as specified in clause 17. All sectors i n the Us er A re a sp e ci fie d in T a ble 10 a n d T ab le 1 1 sh a ll be nu m be re d s e que ntially by the LSN in such a wa y t ha t th e f irs t se c to r in t he Us e r A re a in Zo n e 0 b e s et to 0 and incremente d by 1 fo r ev e ry s ec to r, a n d th e fir st s ec to r of t he U s er A re a in Zo n e 1 is continued from the last sector in the User Area in Zone 0. The Dat a Zone sha ll consist of Data blocks as a unit for writing and reading of EC C Blocks. Each Data block shall consist of 16 sectors having consecutive LSN unless the Data block is replace d usin g the Linear Replacement Algorithm. The Data block shall be allocated in s uch a way that the LSN of the first sector in the Data block shall be a multiple of 16.
- 60 -
The User Area and the Spare Area shall be partitioned into Data Blocks and Spare Blocks. Each sector of a Data Block shall have a LSN. A Data Block shall be in one of the following states: − It is an ECC Bloc k. − Its Data Field Number is in the range ( 000000) to ( 0000 0F). − It is unwritten.
- 61 -
Table 10 - Structure of the Group for 120 mm disk Group Number of Sector Zone Sectors number of per track the first sector of the Zone 0 25 (031000) 1 26 (039920) 2 27 (043860) 3 28 (04DDC0) 4 29 (058940) 5 30 (063AE0) 6 31 (06F2A0) 7 32 (07B080) 8 33 (087480) 9 34 (093EA0) 10 35 (0A0EE0) 11 36 (0AE540) 12 37 (0BC1C0) 13 38 (0CA460) 14 39 (0D8D20) 15 40 (0E7C00) 16 41 (0F7100) 17 42 (106C20) 18 43 (116D60) 19 44 (1274C0) 20 45 (138240) 21 46 (1495E0) 22 47 (15AFA0) 23 48 (16CF80) 24 49 (17F580)) 25 50 (1921A0) 26 51 (1A53E0) 27 52 (1B8C40) 28 53 (1CCAC0) 29 54 (1E0F60) 30 55 (1F5A20) 31 56 (20AB00) 32 57 (220200) 33 58 (235F20) 34 59 (24C260) Total
Starting Guard Track Zone Sector No. of the first and last sectors
User Area Sector Numbers
-------(039920) to (03995F) (043860) to (04389F) (04DDC0) to (04DDFF) (058940) to (05897F) (063AE0) to (063B1F) (06F2A0) to (06F2DF) (07B080) to (07B0BF) (087480) to (0874CF) (093EA0) to (093EEF) (0A0EE0) to (0A0F2F) (0AE540) to (0AE58F) (0BC1C0) to (0BC20F) (0CA460) to (0CA4AF) (0D8D20) to (0D8D6F) (0E7C00) to (0E7C4F) (0F7100) to (0F715F) (106C20) to (106C7F) (116D60) to (116DBF) (1274C0) to (12751F) (138240) to (13829F) (1495E0) to (14963F) (15AFA0) to (15AFFF) (16CF80) to (16CFDF) (17F580) to (17F5EF) (1921A0) to 19220F) (1A53E0) to (1A544F) (1B8C40) to (1B8CAF) (1CCAC0) to (1CCB2F) (1E0F60) to (1E0FCF) (1F5A20) to (1F5A8F) (20AB00) to (20AB6F) (220200) to (22027F) (235F20) to (235F9F) (24C260) to (24C2DF)
(034200) to (0398DF) (039960) to (04381F) (0438A0) to (04DD7F) (04DE00) to (0588FF) (058980) to (063A9F) (063B20) to (06F25F) (06F2E0) to (07B03F) (07B0C0) to (08743F) (0874D0) to (093E4F) (093EF0) to (0A0E8F) (0A0F30) to (0AE4EF) (0AE590) to (0BC16F) (0BC210) to (0CA40F) (0CA4B0) to (0D8CCF) (0D8D70) to (0E7BAF) (0E7C50) to (0F70AF) (0F7160) to (106BBF) (106C80) to (116CFF) (116DC0) to (12745F) (127520) to (1381DF) (1382A0) to (14957F) (149640) to (15AF3F) (15B000) to (16CF1F) (16CFE0) to (17F51F) (17F5F0) to (19212F) (192210) to (1A536F) (1A5450) to (1B8BCF) (1B8CB0) to (1CCA4F) (1CCB30) to (1E0EEF) (1E0FD0) to (1F59AF) (1F5A90) to (20AA8F) (20AB70) to (22018F) (220280) to (235E9F) (235FA0) to (24C1DF) (24C2E0) to (265F5F) See 16.3.4
Spare Area Sector Numbers
Number of blocks
1390 2540 2638 2736 2834 2932 3030 3128 3224 3322 3420 3518 3616 3714 3812 3910 4006 4104 4202 4300 4398 4496 4594 4692 4788 4886 4984 5082 5180 5278 5376 5474 5570 5668 6600-M
(031000) to (0341FF) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See 16.3.4
143442 -M
- 62 -
Number of blocks
800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 800 +M
Ending Sector LSN of the Guard Track Zone number of 1st sector in the Zone Sector No. of the first and the last last sectors sector of the Zone (0398E0) to (03991F) (043820) to (04385F) (04DD80) to (04DDBF) (058900) to (05893F) (063AA0) to (063ADF) (06F260) to (06F29F) (07B040) to (07B07F) (087440) to (08747F) (093E50) to (093E9F) (0A0E90) to (0A0EDF) (0AE4F0) to (0AE53F) (0BC170) to (0BC1BF) (0CA410) to (0CA45F) (0D8CD0) to (0D8D1F) (0E7BB0) to (0E7BFF) (0F70B0) to (0F70FF) (106BC0) to (106C1F) (116D00) to (116D5F) (127460) to (1274BF) (1381E0) to (13823F) (149580) to (1495DF) (15AF40) to (15AF9F) (16CF20) to (16CF7F) (17F520) to (17F57F) (192130) to (19219F) (1A5370) to (1A53DF) (1B8BD0) to (1B8C3F) (1CCA50) to (1CCABF) (1E0EF0) to (1E0F5F) (1F59B0) to (1F5A1F) (20AA90) to (20AAFF) (220190) to (2201FF) (235EA0) to (235F1F) (24C1E0) to (24C25F) --------
(03991F) (04385F) (04DDBF) (05893F) (063ADF) (06F29F) (07B07F) (08747F) (093E9F) (0A0EDF) (0AE53F) (0BC1BF) (0CA45F) (0D8D1F) (0E7BFF) (0F70FF) (106C1F) (116D5F) (1274BF) (13823F) (1495DF) (15AF9F) (16CF7F) (17F57F) (19219F) (1A53DF) (1B8C3F) (1CCABF) (1E0F5F) (1F5A1F) (20AAFF) (2201FF) (235F1F) (24C25F) (265F5F)
0 22240 62880 105088 148864 194208 241120 289600 339648 391232 444384 499104 555392 613248 672672 733664 796224 860320 925984 993216 1062016 1132384 1204320 1277824 1352896 1429504 1507680 1587424 1668736 1751616 1836064 1922080 2009664 2098784 2189472
Table 11 - Structure of the Group for 80 mm disk Group Sector Number of number of Zone Sectors per track the first sector of the Zone 0 25 (031000) 1 26 (039920) 2 27 (043860) 3 28 (04DDC0) 4 29 (058940) 5 30 (063AE0) 6 31 (06F2A0) 7 32 (07B080) 8 33 (087480) 9 34 (093EA0) 10 35 (0A0EE0) 11 36 (0AE540) 12 37 (0BC1C0) 13 38 (24C260)
Starting Guard Track Zone Sector No. of the first and last sectors
User Area Sector Numbers
-------(039920) to (03995F) (043860) to (04389F) (04DDC0) to (04DDFF) (058940) to (05897F) (063AE0) to (063B1F) (06F2A0) to (06F2DF) (07B080) to (07B0BF) (087480) to (0874CF) (093EA0) to (093EEF) (0A0EE0) to (0A0F2F) (0AE540) to (0AE58F) (0BC1C0) to (0BC20F) (0CA460) to (0CA4AF)
(032400) to (0398DF) (039960) to (04381F) (0438A0) to (04DD7F) (04DE00) to (0588FF) (058980) to (063A9F) (063B20) to (06F25F) (06F2E0) to (07B03F) (07B0C0) to (08743F) (0874D0) to (093E4F) (093EF0) to (0A0E8F) (0A0F30) to (0AE4EF) (0AE590) to (0BC16F) (0BC210) to (0CA40F) (0CA4B0) to (0E121F) See 16.3.4
Total
16.3.4
Spare Area Sector Numbers Numbers of blocks
Number of blocks
1870 2540 2638 2736 2834 2932 3030 3128 3224 3322 3420 3518 3616 5847-M
(031000) to (0323FF) ---------------------------------------See 16.3.4
44655-M
320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M
Ending Guard Track Zone Sector No. of the first and last sectors
Sector number of the last sector of Zone
LSN of the 1st sector in the Zone
(0398E0) to (03991F) (043820) to (04385F) (04DD80) to (04DDBF) (058900) to (05893F) (063AA0) to (063ADF) (06F260) to (06F29F) (07B040) to (07B07F) (087440) to (08747F) (093E50) to (093E9F) (0A0E90) to (0A0EDF) (0AE4F0) to (0AE53F) (0BC170) to (0BC1BF) (0CA410) to (0CA45F) --------
(03991F) (04385F) (04DDBF) (05893F) (063ADF) (06F29F) (07B07F) (08747F) (093E9F) (0A0EDF) (0AE53F) (0BC1BF) (0CA45F) (0E121F)
0 29920 70560 112768 156544 201888 248800 297280 347328 398912 452064 506784 563072 620928
320+M
Number of blocks in the supplementary spare area I n T able s 10 a nd 11 t he number of used bloc ks in the Supplemen tary spare area is identified b y M. This nu mber shall be a multiple n of 32. Eac h of these blocks shall consist o f 16 Sector s. 120 mm disk : M = n × 32 , 0 ≤ n ≤ 191
M min = 0 (No spare block assigned)
M max = 6112 (All spare blocks assigned)
M = n × 32 , 0 ≤ n ≤ 174
M min = 0 (No spare block assigned)
M max = 5568 (All spare blocks assigned)
80 mm disk :
The Sector numbers shown for Zone 34/Zone 13 correspond to Mmin . When the Supplementary spare area is assigned, the actual numbers of t he last s ecto r in the User are a and the fir st sector in the Spare ar ea are varied according to the number of blocks assigned for the Supplementary spare area. The Supplementary spare area is allocated at the last portion of the last Zone of the Data Zone.
- 63 -
16.4 16.4.1
L ead-out Zone Structure of Lead-out Zone The struct ure of the Lead-out Zone shall be as shown in Figure 32.
120 mm disk
80 mm disk
Sector No. 2 514 783 Sector No. 2 514 784
922 143 922 144
Sector No. 2 514 976
922 336
Sector No. 2 515 168
922 528
Sector No. 2 515 680
923 040
Sector No. 2 517 472
924 192
Sector No. 2 519 264
925 088
120 mm disk / 80 mm disk Data Zone DMA3 & DMA4 192 Sectors / 192 Sectors Reserved Zone 192 Sectors / 192 Sectors Guard Track Zone 1 512 Sectors / 512 Sectors Drive Test Zone 1 792 Sectors / 1 152 Sectors Disk Test Zone 1 792 Sectors / 896 Sectors Guard Track Zone 2 53 488 Sectors / 24 800 Sectors
120 mm disk
80 mm disk
Sector No. (265F5F) Sector No. (265F60)
(0E121F) (0E1220)
Sector No. (266020)
(0E12E0)
Sector No. (2660E0)
(0E13A0)
Sector No. (2662E0)
(0E15A0)
Sector No. (2669E0)
(0E1A20)
Sector No. (2670E0)
(0E1DA0)
Figure 32 - Structure of the Lead-out Zone
16.4.2
DMA 3 and DMA 4 This zone shall consist of 192 sectors. DMA 3 and DMA 4 shall be as specified in 17.1.
16.4.3
R e s e r ve d Z o n e This zone s hall co nsis t of 192 sectors se t to all ZEROs.
16.4.4
Guard Track Zone 1 This zone shall co nsi st of 512 sectors. It contains grooves, lands , H eader fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. The Recording fields shall be unrecorded.
16.4.5
D r i ve T e s t Z o n e This zon e shall cons is t of 1 792 sectors in case of 120 mm di sk and 1 152 sectors in case of 80 mm disk. It shall contain grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. This zone is intended for use by the drive. It shall be ignored in interchange.
16.4.6
Disk Test Zone This zone shall consist of 1 792 sectors in case of 120 mm disk and 896 sectors in case of 80 mm disk. It shall contain grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. This zone is intended for use by the disk manufacturers. It shall be ignored in interchange.
16.4.7
Guard Track Zone 2 This zone shall consist of 53 488 sectors in case of 120 mm disk and 24 800 sectors in case of 80 mm disk. It contains grooves, lands, Header fields, Mirror fields and Recording fields. The Recording fields shall be unrecorded.
- 64 -
17 17.1
Defect management Defect Manag ement Areas (DMAs) There are four Defect Manag ement Areas (DMAs) per side on a disk. These four DMAs contain information on the structure of the Data Zone and on the defect management. The length of each DMA shall be 32 sectors (two ECC Blocks). Tw o of the DMAs, DMA 1 and DMA 2, shall be located near the inner diameter of the disk; the other two, DMA 3 and DMA 4, shall be located near the outer diameter of the disk. The boundaries of the DMAs are indicated in Table 12 in case of 120 mm disk and in T able 13 in case of 80 mm disk. Table 12 - Locations of the DMAs on the 120 mm disk
DMA 1 Reserved DMA 2 Reserved DMA 3 Reserved DMA 4 Reserved
Sector Number of the first sector (030F80) (030FA0) (030FC0) (030FE0) (265F60) (265F80) (265FC0) (265FE0)
Sector Number of the last sector (030F9F) (030FBF) (030FDF) (030FFF) (265F7F) (265FBF) (265FDF) (26601F)
Number of blocks 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
Table 13 - Locations of the DMAs on the 80 mm disk
DMA 1 Reserved DMA 2 Reserved DMA 3 Reserved DMA 4 Reserved
Sector Number of the first sector (030F80) (030FA0) (030FC0) (030FE0) (0E1220) (0E1240) (0E1280) (0E12A0)
Sector Number of the last sector (030F9F) (030FBF) (030FDF) (030FFF) (0E123F) (0E127F) (0E129F) (0E12DF)
Number of blocks 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
DMA 1 and DMA 2 are followed by two blocks of reserved sectors. DMA 3 and DMA 4 are followed by four blocks of reserved sectors. The first ECC Block of each DMA, called the DDS/PDL block, shall contain the Disk Definition Structure (DDS) and the Primary Defect List (PDL). The second ECC Block of each DMA, called the SDL block, shall contain the Secondary Defect List (SDL). The contents of the four DMAs shall be identica l. After Initialization (see 17.8.1) of the disk, each DMA shall have the following contents. The first sector of each DDS/PDL block shall contain the DDS. The second sector of each DDS/PD L block shall be the first sector of the PDL. The first sector of each SDL block shall be the first sector of the SDL. The lengths of the PDL and SDL are determined by the number of entries in each list. The contents of the DDS a re specified in 17.2. The contents of the PDL and SDL are specified in 17.6 and 17.7. Unused sectors in the DMAs shall be set to (FF). All r eserved sectors shall be set to (00).
17.2
Disk Definition Structure (DDS) The DDS shall consist of a table with a length of one sector. The DDS specifies the formatted structure of the disk. The DDS shall be recorded in the first sector of each DMA at the end of the Formatting process.
- 65 -
The infor mation on the disk structure given in Table 14 and Table 15 for 120 mm disk and 80 m m disk respe ctively sha ll be recorded in each o f the four D D Ss. Table 14 - Byte assignment of the Disk Definition Structure of 120 mm disk Byte position 0 to 1 2 3 4 to 7 8 to 9 10 to 11 12 to 79 80 to 87 88 to 91 92 to 255 256 to 259 260 to 263 … 392 to 395 396 to 2 047
Contents DDS Identifier : (0A0A) Reserved Disk Certification flag DDS/PDL Update Count Number of Groups Number of Zones Reserved Location of Primary spare area Location of LSN0 Reserved Start LSN for Zone 0 Start LSN for Zone 1 … Start LSN for Zone 34 Reserved
Number of bytes 2 1 1 4 2 2 68 8 4 164
140 1 652
Table 15 - Byte assignment of the Disk Definition Structure of 80 mm disk Byte position 0 to 1 2 3 4 to 7 8 to 9 10 to 11 12 to 79 80 to 87 88 to 91 92 to 255 256 to 259 260 to 263 … 308 to 311 312 to 2 047
Contents DDS Identifier : (0A0A) Reserved Disk Certification flag DDS/PDL Update Count Number of Groups Number of Zones Reserved Location of Primary spare area Location of LSN0 Reserved Start LSN for Zone 0 Start LSN for Zone 1 … Start LSN for Zone 13 Reserved
- 66 -
Number of bytes 2 1 1 4 2 2 68 8 4 164
56 1 736
Bytes 0 to 1- DDS Identifier This 2-byte field shall be set to (0A)(0A), indicating DDS Identifier. Byte 2- Reserved The byte shall be set to (00) Byte 3- Disk Certification flag This 8-bit field shall be as shown in Figure 33. b7 Inprogress
b6
b2 Reserved
b1 User certification
b0 Disk manufacturer certification
Figure 33 - Disk Certification flag
This field shall be set as follows. Bit b 7 shal l be set t o ZER O , i f Formatting has been com pleted ONE, if Formatting is in-progress Bits b 6 to b 2 shall be set to 00000 Bit b 1 shall be set to ZERO, if the disk has not been certified by a user ONE, if the disk has been certified by a user Bit b 0 shall be set to ZERO, if the disk has not been certified by a manufacturer ONE, if the disk has been certified by a manufacturer NOTE Bit b7 shall be set to ONE at the start of Formattin g with any certification and shall be reset to ZERO at the end of Formatting.
Bytes 4 to 7- DDS/PDL Update Count This field shall specify the total number of the updating and rewriting operations of the DDS/PDL block. This field shall be set to 0 at th e beginning of Initialization, and shall be incremented by 1 when the DDS/PDL block is updated or rewritten. A copy of this DDS/PDL Update Count shall be recorded in Bytes 16 to 19 of SDL (see 17.7). Bytes 8 to 9- Number of Group s This 2-byte field shall be set to (00)(01), indicating 1 Group. Bytes 10 to 11- Number of Zones This 2-byte field shall be set to (00)(23), indicating 35 Zones for 120 mm disk. This 2-byte field shall be set to (00)(0E), indicating 14 Zones for 80 mm disk. Bytes 12 to 79 - Reserved These bytes shall all be set to (00). Bytes 80 to 87 – Location of the Primary spare area The 64-bit field shown in Figure 34 shall consist of 8 bytes.
- 67 -
b63
b56 b55
Reserved
b32 b31
Sector number of the first sector in the Primary spare area
b24 b23
Reserved
b0
Sector number of the last sector in the Primary spare area
Figure 34 - Location of the Primary spare area
Bit b 63 to b 56 shall be set to ZEROs. Bit b 55 to b 32 shall be set to (031000), indicating sector number of the first sector in the Primary spare area. Bits b 31 to b 24 shall be set to ZEROs. Bit b 23 to b 0 shall be set to (0341FF), indicating sector number of the last sector in the Primary spare area for 120 mm disk, or (0323FF), indicating sector number of the last sector in the Primary spare area for 80 mm disk. Bytes 88 to 91 – Location of LSN0 The 32-bit field shown in Figure 35 shall consist of 4 bytes. b31
b24 b23
b0
Reserved
Location of LSN0 Figure 35 - Location of LSN0
Bits b 31 to b 24 shall be set to ZEROs. Bit b 23 to b 0 shall be set to the sector number of the first logical sector. Bytes 92 to 255 - Reserved These bytes shall all be set to (00). Bytes 256 to 395 – Start LSN for each Zone in case of the 120 mm disk Bytes 256 to 311 – Start LSN for each Zone in case of the 80 mm disk The 32-bit field shown in Figure 36 shall consist of 4 bytes. b24 b23
b31 Reserved
b0 Start LSN for the Zone
Figure 36 - Start LSN for each Zone
Bits b 31 to b 24 shall be set to ZEROs. Bit b 23 to b 0 shall be set to the start LSN for the Zone. Bytes 396 to 2 047 Reserved, in case of the 120 mm disk and all set to (00). Bytes 312 to 2 047 Reserved, in case of the 80 mm disk and all set to (00).
- 68 -
17.3
Spare sectors Defective sectors in the Data Area shall be replaced by good sectors according to the defect management method described below, except where defective sectors are managed by specific ations other than detailed in this Ecma Standard. The disk shall be formatted before use. Formatting shall be allowed with or without Certification. The disk shall have one Primary spare area in Zone 0 and may have one expandable Supplementary spare area in Zone 34 in case of the 120 mm disk and Zone 13 in case of the 80 mm disk. The number of spare sectors in the Primary spare area shall be 12 800 in case of the 120 mm disk and 5 120 in case of the 80 mm disk. The maximum number of spare blocks in the Supplementary spare area shall be 6 112 in case of the 120 mm disk and 5 568 in case of the 80 mm disk. The number of spare Blocks of the Supplementary spare area shall be a multiple of 32. The Supplementary spare area can be expanded towards the top of Data area. Defective sectors are handled by a Slipping Algorithm or by a Linear Replacement Algorithm, or by a Block Skipping Algorithm. The total number of entries listed in the PDL (see 17.6) and the SDL (see 17.7) shall satisfy the following requirement: 1 ≤ SPDL ≤ 15, 1 ≤ SSDL ≤ 15 in case of 120 mm disk 1 ≤ SPDL ≤ 8, 1 ≤ SSDL ≤ 15 in case of 80 mm disk
(
)
⎡ E ⎤ × 4 + 4 + 2 047 ⎢ PDL ⎥ SPDL = int ⎢ ⎥ 2 048 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
(
)
⎡ E ⎤ × 8 + 24 + 2 047 ⎢ SDL ⎥ SSDL = int ⎢ ⎥ 2 048 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ where: int [x] is the largest integer not greater than x
• SPDL is the number of sectors containing PDL entries. • SSDL is the number of sectors containing SDL entries. • EPDL is the number of PDL entries. • ESDL is the number of SDL entries.
17.4
Slipping Algorithm The Slipping Algorithm shall be applied over the whole Data Area if defective sectors are listed in the PDL. A defective data sector registered in PDL shall be replaced by the first good sector following the defective sector. Each defective sector causes a slip of one sector towards the top of the zone where the defective sector is located. The defective sectors in the zone may make a fraction of an ECC Block, this fraction shall be moved to just before the Guard area at the end of the zone. In case of the outermost zone, the fraction of an ECC Block shall locate at the end of the zone. As a result, the defective sectors and an y ECC Block fraction in the zone cause the sectors in the previous zone to be slipped towards the top of the Data area shall not be used for recording user data. The defective sectors and the ECC Block fractions shall not be used for recording user data. When a sector needs to be assigned an LSN, if the sector is registered in the PDL, then t he sector shall be replaced in the manner described above.
- 69 -
The relation between Sector number and Logical Sector number when using Slipping Algorithm is shown in Figure 37.
Figure 37 - Relation between Sector numbers and Logical Sector Numbers when using the Slipping Algorithm
17.5
Linear Replacement Algorithm The Linear R eplaceme n t Algorithm is used to handle defective and deteriorated sectors found after Formatting. These may be defective sectors which were not registered in the PDL during Formatting or sectors damaged by excessive overwrite cycles. The replacement shall be performed in units of 16 sectors, called a Data block. The defective block shall be replaced by the firs t available good Spare block of the Primary spare area. If there is no Spare block left in the Primar y spare area, then the Primary spare area full flag in the SDL shall be set to ONE and the defective block shall be replaced by the first available good Spare block of the Supplementary spare area if it has been allocated. If there is no Spare block left in th e Supplementary spare area, then the Supplementary spare area full flag in the SDL shall be set to ONE. The sector number of the first sector of the replacement block in the SDL shall point to the final replacement block if the Status of Linear Replacement (SLR; see 17.7) is set to ZERO. The first available good Spare block of the Primary spare area is the first g ood block immediately before the first replacement block registered in the SD L. If there are no replacement blocks listed in the SDL, then the first available good Spare block of the Primary spare area is the first good block i m med ia tely before the f irst Data block. If the Pr ima ry spare area is exhausted and a Supplementary spare area has been allocated, then th e first available g ood Spare block is the outermost unused good block of the Supplementary s pare area. The Sp are area is used in des cending block order. Defective sectors in the Spare a rea and the corresponding replacement sectors, which have been already registered in the PDL or the SDL, shal l not be used as spare sect ors. If a block to be read from or written to is listed in the SDL with an S LR of ZERO, then the data shall be read from or written to the replacement Block of the Spare area pointed to by the SDL. If a block to be read is listed in the SDL with an SLR of ONE, then the partially corrected data or padding data of 0b for all bits shall be returned. If a block to be written to is listed in the SDL with an SLR of ONE and the field of sector number of the first sector of the replacement block is (000000) and the linear replacement of the defective - 70 -
block is allowed, then the data shall be written in the first available good Spare block. In this case the SLR in the SDL entry shall be changed to ZERO and the field of sector number of the first sector of the replacement block shall be set to the first sector number of the new replacement block. If a block to be written to is listed in the SDL with an SLR of ONE and the field of sector number of the first sector of the replacement block is not (000000) and the linear replacement of the defective block is allowed, then the data shall be written in the replacement block. In this case the SLR in the SDL entry shall be changed to ZERO. If a block to be written to is found to be defective and there is no available Spare block or the defective block is handled by the Linear Replacement Algorithm, then the defective block may be registered in the SDL with the SLR of ONE. In this case, the sector number of the first sector in the replacement block of the SDL entry shall be set to (000000). If a Data block is found to be defective after Formatting and there is an available Spare block and the defective block is handled by the Linear Replacement Algorithm, then it shall be regarded as a defective block and it shall be listed in the SDL as a new entry with the SLR set to ZERO. If a replacement block listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, then the d irect pointer method shall be applied fo r a registration into the SDL. In this method, the SDL entry in which the defective replacement blo ck has been registered shall be modif ied by changing the address of the replacement block from the defective one to a new one. At the time of updating the SDL, the SDL Update Count shall be incremented by 1. The relation between Sector number and Logical Sector number when using the Linear Replacement algorithm is shown in Figure 38.
Figure 38 - Relation between Sector numbers and Logical Sector Numbers when using the Linear Replacement algorithm
17.6
Primary Defect List (PDL) The Primary Defect List (PDL) shall always be recorded in each DDS/PDL block; even if it is empty. A list of defective sectors may be obtained by means other than Certification of the disk. The PDL shall conta in the entries of defective sectors identified at Formatting. Each entry shall specify the Entry type and the Sector number of the de fective sector. The Sector numbers shall be listed in ascending order. The PDL shall be recor ded in the minimum number of sectors necessary and shall begin in Byte 0 of the first sector of the PDL. All unused by tes of the last sector of the - 71 -
PDL shall be s et to (FF). All unused s ectors in the DDS/PDL block shall be set to (FF). The information in Table 16 shall be recorded in each PDL. In the case of multiple-sector PDL, the list of entries of the defective sectors shall continue with the first byte of the second and subsequent s ectors. Thus, the PDL Identifier and the number of entries of the PDL shall be present only in the first sector of the PDL. In an empty PDL, the Number of entries in PDL (Bytes 2 and 3 of the first PDL sector) shall be set to (0000) and Bytes 4 to 2 047 shall be set to (FF). The Entry type specifies the origin of the defective sectors:
−
Defective sectors defined by the disk ma nufacturer (P-list),
−
Defective sectors found during the Certification process (G1-list),
−
Defective sectors which are transferred from the SDL without Certification process (G2-list).
The P-list shall be preserved after any Formatting. Table 16 - Contents of the PDL Byte position 0 and 1 2 and 3
Contents PDL Identifier : (0001) Number of entries in the PDL (EPDL) The first PDL entry The second PDL entry --The last PDL entry
4 to 7 8 to 11 --n to n+3 n = 4 × EPDL
Number of bytes 2 2 4 4 --4
Bytes 0 and 1 - PDL Identifie r This field shall be set to (0001), indicating PDL Identifier Bytes 2 and 3 - Num ber of entries in the PDL This field shall specify the number of entries in the PDL (E PDL ). PDL entries Each 32-bit field shall be partitioned as shown in Figure 39. b31
b30 b29
Entry type
b24 Reserved
b23
b0
Defective Sector number
Figure 39 - PDL entry
Bits b 31 to b 30 shall be set to 00, indicating a P-list 10, indicating a G1-list 11, indicating a G2-list Bits b 29 to b 24
shall be set to ZERO
Bits b 23 to b 0 shall specify the Sector number of the defective sector.
17.7
Secondary Defect List (SDL) The Secondary Defect List (SDL) shall always be recorded in each SDL block; even if it is empty. The SDL shall contain entries which contain the sector number of the first sector of the defective ECC Blocks and the sector number of the first sector of the Spare blocks which replace them. - 72 -
Each entry i n the SDL consists of 8 bytes, thr ee bytes for t he secto r number of the first sector of the defective block, three bytes for the sector number of the firs t sector of its replacement b lock, one b yte o f wh ich one b it is used for the SLR, the remainin g 7bits reserved and one res erved byte. The sector numbers of the first sec tor in the defective b locks shall be listed in ascending order. The SDL shall be recorded in the minimum number of sectors necessary. All unused bytes of the last sector of the SDL shall be set to (FF). All unused sectors in the SDL block shall be set to (FF). The info rmat ion shown in Ta ble 17 shall be recorded in each of the four SDLs. If a replacement block listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, then the direct pointer m ethod shal l be applied for registration into the SDL. In this method, the SDL entry in which the defective replacement block has been registered shall be modified by changing the sector number of the first sect or o f the replacement bloc k from the defective replacement block to a new one. Therefore, the number of entries in the SDL shall remain unchanged by deteriorated sectors. In the case of a multiple-sector SDL, the list of entries shall continue with the first byte of the second and subsequent sectors. Thus, SDL Identif ier, SDL Update Count, Spare Area Full flags and Number of entries in the SDL shall be present only in the first sector of the SDL. Table 17 - Contents of the SDL Byte position 0 and 1 2 and 3 4 to 7 8 to 11
Contents
SDL Identifier : (0002) Reserved SDL Update Count Sector number of Supplementary spare area 12 to 15 Total number of logical sectors 16 to 19 DDS/PDL Update Count 20 Spare Area Full flags 21 Reserved 22 and 23 Number of entries in SDL (ESDL) 24 to 31 The first SDL entry ----m to m+7 The last SDL entry m = (8 ×ESDL ) + 16
Number of bytes 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 8 8
Bytes 0 and 1 - SDL Identifier This field shall be set to (0002), indicating SDL Identifier Byt es 2 and 3 - Reserved All bytes shall be set to (00). Byt es 4 to 7 - SDL Update Count This field shall specify the total number of the updating operations for the SDL block, in binary notation. This field shall be set to 0 at the Initialization (see 17.8.1), and shall be incremented by 1 when the contents of the SDL are updated. Bytes 8 to 11 - Sector number of the Supplementary spare area This field shall s pecify the first sector number of the Supplementary spare area. All bytes of this field shall be set to (00) when the Supplementary spare area is not allocated. b31
b24b23
Reserved
b0
Sector number of the first sector in the Supplementary spare area
Figure 40 - Sector number of the Supplementary spare area - 73 -
Bits b 31 to b 24
shall be set to (00)
Bits b 23 to b 0
shall specify the sector number of the first sector in the Supplementary spare area. The Supplementary spare area shall begin from the first sector of the ECC Block.
Bytes 12 to 15 - Total number of logical sectors This field shall specify the total number of the logical sectors in the User Area. Bytes 16 to 19 - DDS/PDL Update Count This field shall spec ify the total number of the updating and rewriting operations for DDS/PDL block. This field shall be set to 0 at the beginning of Initialization, and shall be incremented by 1 w hen the DDS/PDL block is updated or rewritten. All the DDS/PDL blocks and the SDL blocks shall have the identical Update Count value after completion of Formatting. B yte 20 - Spare Area Full flags These flags shall indicate the availability of Spare blocks in the corresponding Spare area. The full flag of the Supplementary spare area shall be set to ONE if a Supplementary spare area has not been allocated or if the Supplementary spare area, which has already been allocated, is exhausted. The full flag of the Supplementary spare area shall be cleared to ZERO when the Su pplementary spare area is allocated or expanded. b2
b7 Reserved
b1
b0
Supplementary spare area full flag
Primary spare area full flag
Figure 41 - Spare Area Full flags
Bits b 7 to b 2 shall be set to ZERO. Bit b 1 shall be set to ONE, if no Spare block is left in the Supplementary spare area, or Supplementary spare area is not allocated ZERO, if Spare blocks are left in the Supplementary spare area Bit b 0 shall be set to ONE, if no Spare block is left in the Primary spare area ZERO, if Spare blocks are left in the Primary spare area Byte 21 - Reserved This byte shall be set to (00). B ytes 22 and 23 - Number of entries in the SDL Th ese bytes shall specify the number of entries in the SDL (E SDL ). SD L entry This 64-bit field shall be partitioned as shown in Figure 42.
- 74 -
b63
b62
Reserved
SLR
b61
b56 b55
Reserved
b32 b31
Sector number of the first sector in the defective block
b24 b23
Reserved
b0
Sector number of the first sector in the replacement block if assigned, else set to all ZERO
Figure 42 - SDL entry
Bit b 63
shall be set to ZERO
Bit b 62
shall be set to ZERO, if the defective bloc k has been replaced with a spare block ONE, if the defective block has not been replaced
Bits b 61 to b 56
shall be set to ZERO
Bits b 55 to b 32
shall specify the sector number of the first sector of the defective block
Bits b 31 to b 24
shall be set to ZERO
Bits b 23 to b 0
shall specify the secto r number of the first sector of the replacement block if assigned shall be set to all ZEROs if the replacement block is not assigned.
17.8
F ormatting of the disk Disks shall be formatted before their use. If there is no DMA recorded on the disk before the Formatting process, then the process shall be regarded as Initialization. If there are DMAs recorded on the disk before the Formatting process, then the process shall be regarded as Reinitialization. After any Formatting of the disk, the four DMAs shall be recorded. The Data Zone shall consist of a single Group, see 16.3.3. The Group shall contain a User Area and a Spare Area. The sectors in the Spare Area can be used as replacements for defective sectors. Formatting is performed by either Initialization or Re-initialization. Either m ay include Certification whereby defective sectors are identif ied and skipped. All DDS param eters shall be recorded in the four DDS sectors. The PDL and SDL shall be recorded in the four DMAs. All reserved blocks following each DMA shall be set to (00). The requirements for the recording of the PDLs and SDLs are shown in Table 16 and Table 17 respectively. After Formatting , any Data blocks or Spare blocks which may have been allocated as a result of the Slipping Algorithm (see 17.4), shall be in either of the following states. i.
A Data block or Spare block containing a set of 16 Physical Data Units that comprise a complete ECC Block as specified in 13.3. The Physical Data Unit may have been written before the Re-initialization.
ii.
A Data block or Spare block with all sectors unwritten.
iii. A Data block or Spare block containing a data field number in the range (000000) to (00000F), which may have been written during the certification process. After Formatting, three types of entries may exist in the PDL, namely, P-list, G1-list and G2-list. The types are identified by the Entry type of every entry (see Table 16). The SDL may also contain entries. When the disk is certified, the Certification shall be applied to the sectors in the User Area and the Spare Are a. The method of Certification is not stated by this Ecma Standard. It may involve writing and reading th e sectors in the User Area and the Spare Area.
- 75 -
Defec tive sectors in User Area and Spare Area found during Certification shall be listed i n the G1list of the PDL and shall be handled by the Slipping Algorithm. Defective sectors shall not be used for reading or writing. Guid eline for replacing defective sectors is given in Annex M. If the Formatting process involves certification or other data writing processes, then the data field number shall be between (000000) to (00000F). The In-process field of the Disk certification flag shall be set to ONE during the certification process. This procedure allows the system to detect the occurrence of a failure that may have occurred during a previous Formatting involving the certification or other data writing processes. Spare blocks are also allocated at formatting, but the LSN is not assigned. A Spare block is used to replace a defective Data block or to substitute a Spare block. A Spare block is allocated in a Spare Area at Formatting. 17.8.1
Initialization If there are no DMA r ecorded on the disk, the disk shall require initialization. In initialization, the DDS/PDL Update Count and the SDL Update Count shall be set to 0. In the case of Initialization by the disk manufacturer, the defective sectors found during Initializa tion shall be listed in the P-list of the PDL. In the case of Initialization by other than the disk manufacturer, the defective sectors found during Initialization shall be listed in the G1 list of the PDL. In both cases, not only the defective sector in the User Area, but also defective sectors in the Spare Area shall be listed in the PDL. A certification process may be applied during Initialization. If a certification process is applied by the disk manufacturer, then the Disk Manufacturer C ertification field in the Disk Certification flag shall be set to ONE. If the certification process is applied by other than the disk manufacturer, then the User certification field in the Disk Certification flag shall be set to ONE. If the number of defective sectors to be registered in the PDL exceeds the criteria of 17.3 during certification, then tho se defective sectors which cannot be registered in the PDL shall be registered in the SDL. If no Spare blocks are left in the Primary spare area during initialization, then the Primary spare area full flag shall be set to 1b. If there are no available Spare blocks on the disk during certification, then the initialization shall be regarded as an error.
17.8.2
Re-initialization If DMAs are already recorded on the disk before formatting, then the Formatting is regarded as re-initialization. For the re-initialization process, the P-list, the DDS/PDL Update Count and SDL Update Count shall be preserved. The re-initialization process may involve processes of i.
Applying a certification to exclude the G1-list from the PDL, and/or to register the new PDL entries found during certification into G1-list of the PDL,
ii. Transforming SDL entries into G2-list of the PDL, iii. Excluding G2 list from the PDL and excluding SDL entries. In process i., the G2 list of PDL shall always be excluded. The defective sectors found during Certification shall be registered in the G1-list of the PDL. This process does not always require the disk Certification with writing operation. The modification of G1-list of PDL entries with the Entry type of 10 will result in the ECC Block miss-alignment which is against the required condition of 17.8, i.e. state i., ii. or iii. Therefore, the system that formats the disk shall conform to the required condition of 17.8, i.e. state i., ii. or iii.. If the Certification process is applied by other than the disk manufacturer, then the User Certification field in the Disk Certification flag shall be set to ONE. In process ii., the G1-list of the PDL shall be preserved and all of the 16 sectors of a defective block listed in the SDL shall be registered in the G2-list of the PDL as 16 PDL entries. Process iii. allows to revert the PDL entries quickly to the latest certified values. - 76 -
If the number of defective sectors to be registered in the PDL exceeds the criteria of 17.3, then those defective sectors which cannot be registered in the PDL shall be re gistered in the SDL. If no Spare blocks are left in the Primary spare area during re-initialization, then the Primary spare area full flag shal l be set to ONE. If there are no available Spare blocks on the disc during certification, then the re-initialization shall be regarded as an error. When sectors are listed in the PDL, then these sectors shall be skipped for use even if both of the User Certification field and Disk manufacturer Certification field is set to ZERO. This process is same as the process specified in 17.4. 17.8.3
Data field number resulting from Initialization and Re-initialization a) Initialization with Certification a1) The Data Field Numbers of the sectors of an unused block shall be in the range (000000) to (00000F) a2) When such an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } b) Initialization witho ut Certification b1) The Data Field Numbers of the sectors of an unused block are unwritten b2) When an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } c) Re-initialization of a disk initialized with Certification c1) Re-initialization with Certification c1.1) The Data Field Numbers of the sectors of an unused block shall be in the range (000000) to (00000F) c1.2) When such an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } c2) Re-initialization without Certification c2.1) The Data Field Number of the sectors of an unused block shall either be a multiple of (10) for the first sector and the following sectors shall be consecutively numbered with a block, or these Data Field Numbers shall be in the range (000000) to (00000F) c2.2) When suc h an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } d) Re-initialization of a disk not certifi ed d1) Re-in itialization with Certification d1.1) The Data Field Numbers of the sectors of an unused block shall be in the range (000000) to (00000F) d1.2) When suc h an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } d2) Re-initiali zation without Certification d2.1) The Data F ield Number of the sectors of an unused block shall either start with a multiple of (10 ) for the first sector and the following sectors shall be consecutively numbered with in a block, or these Data Field Numbers shall be unwritten d2.2) When such an unused block is used, then the Data Field Numbers of the sectors shall equal { LSN + (031000) } e) Re-initialization of an already re-initialized disk e1) Disk obtained by the procedure of either c1), c2) or d1) shall be handled as described in c) - 77 -
e2) Disks obtained from the procedure of d2) shall be handled as described in d).
17.9
Write procedure When writing data, a defective sector listed in the PDL shall be skipped, and the data shall be written in the next good data sector according to the Slipping Algorithm. If a block to be written to is found to be defective, then the defective block may be replaced by the first available good spare block, according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm, or may be skipped. If a block to be written to is listed in the SDL, then the Block may be replaced according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm, or may be skipped.
17.10 Read procedure 17.10.1 Read procedure When the data is read, a defective sector listed in the PDL shall be skipped, and the data shall be read from the next data sector according to the Slipping Algorithm. If a Data block to be read is listed in the SDL with an SLR of ZERO, then the data shall be read from a replacement block in the Spare Area pointed by the SDL according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm. If a Data block to be read is listed in the SDL with an SLR of ONE, then the partially corrected data or padding data of 0 for all bits shall be returned. If a Block to be read is found to be defective and correctable, and the disk is not write-inhibited, then the defective block may be replaced by the first available good spare block according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm. 17.10.2 Blank ECC Block A blank ECC Block is a block which meets either of the following two conditions:
− The Data field number in each sector of the ECC Block is between (000000) and (00000F). − The Recording field in each sector is unwritten. A blank ECC Block contains no user data.
- 78 -
Section 4 - Characteristics of embossed information 18
Method of testing The format of the embossed information on the disk is defined in section 3. Clause 19 to 21 specify the requirements for the signals from lands and grooves, Header fields and Embossed data, as obtained when using the measuring Optical Head in 9.1. Clause 19 to 21 specify only the average quality of the embossed information. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors, erroneous Header fields or errors in the Data fields.
18.1
Environme nt All signals in clauses 19 to 21 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the range of allowed environmental conditions for use defined in 8.1.2.
18.2
Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 19 to 21 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the reference drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.
18.2.1
Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.1.
18.2.2
Read power The Read power is the optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for reading the information. The Read power shall be given in the Control Data Zone (see 16.2.6). The actual power shall be within 10 % of the given power.
18.2.3
Read channels The drive shall have a Read channel 1, in which the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens is measured. The read signal from the Read channel 1 is not equalized except when measuring jitter. The drive shall have a Read channel 2, in which the differential output of the quadrant photo detectors is measured. The read signal from the Read channel 2 is not equalized except when mea suring jitter (see 9.4).
18.2.4
Tracking channel The drive shall have a Tracking channel in which the sum output and differential output of the quadrant photo detectors are measured.
18.2.5
Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and Recording layer shall not exceed e max (axial) = 0,23 µm and the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed e max (radial) = 0,022 µm
18.3
Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photo-detector and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector. The signals from the two halves of the split photo-detector are indicated by I1 and I2. The split photo-detector separator shall be parallel to the projected track axis. The signals in the Tracking channel are referenced to the signal (I1 + I2) a, which is the sum of the signals obtained from the - 79 -
unrecorded, ungrooved area in the Information Zone (see 16.1), such as the Mirror field in a sector. The signal in Read channel 1 is the sum of I1 and I2 referenced to I0, which is the signal (I1 + I2) in Read channel 1 from the unrecorded and ungrooved area in the Information Zone, such as the Mirror field in a sector. The signal in Read channel 2 is the difference of I1 and I2 referenced to I0. Figures 43 to 50 show the signals specified in clauses 19 to 21.
Figure 43 - Signals from lands and grooves in the Tracking channel
Figure 44a - Signals from Header field in Read channel 1
Figure 44b - Signals from Header field in Read channel 2
- 80 -
Figure 45 - Signals from Mirror field and Gap field in Read channel 1
Figure 46 - Signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 1
- 81 -
Figure 47 - Signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 2
- 82 -
Figure 48 - Signals in Read channel 1
Figure 49 - Track-crossing signal from Embossed Area
Figure 50 - Schematic representation of the signals from a groove or a land in Read channel 2
- 83 -
19
Signals from lands and grooves The signals (I1+I2) and (I1-I2) in the Tracking channel shall be low pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz. The low pass filter is a 1st-order filter. This condition shall not apply to the measurement of (I1+I2) a . The shape of the grooves shall be such that the following requirements for circular polarization are met.
19.1
Push-pull sign al T he push-pull signal is the difference signal (I1-I2) in the Tracking channel, when the light beam c rosses the tracks in both the written and unwritten Recording fields of Rewritable Are a. The p eak-to-peak value of the push-pull signal shall meet the following requirements: 0,35 ≤
19.2
(I1 − I 2 )pp ≤ 1,05 (I1 + I 2 )a
Divided push-pull signal The first term of the divided push-pull signal is the peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of ( I1-I2) when the light beam crosses the tracks in both of the written and unwritten Recording fiel ds of the Rewritable Area divided by the instantaneous level of (I1+I2) when the light beam crosses these tracks. The second term of the divided push-pull signal is the ratio of the minimum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of (I1-I2) divided by the instantaneous level of (I1+I2) when the light beam crosses the tracks in both of the written and unwritten Recording fields of the Rewritable Area to the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of (I1-I2) div ided by the instantaneous level of (I1+I2) when the light beam crosses these tracks . The tracking servo shall o perate in open-loop mode during this measurement. The first term shall meet the following requirements:
⎡ (I 1 − I 2 ) ⎤ ⎥ ≤ 1,65 ⎣ (I 1 + I 2 ) ⎦ pp
1,10 ≤ ⎢
The second term shall satisfy:
⎧⎪⎡ I − I ⎤ ⎫⎪ 1 2 ⎨⎢ ⎥ ⎬ ⎪⎩⎣ I 1 + I 2 ⎦ pp ⎪⎭ min . ≥ 0,70 ⎧⎪⎡ I − I ⎤ ⎫⎪ 1 2 ⎨⎢ ⎥ ⎬ + I I ⎪⎩⎣ 1 2 ⎦ pp ⎪⎭ max . 19.3
On-track signal The on-track signal Iot is the signal in Read channel 1 when the light beam is following a groove or a land in the Recording field of the Rewritable Area. The on-track signal Iot measured in the unwritten Gap field shall meet the following requirements:
- 84 -
a)
On groove track Iot 0,56 ≤ ⎯ ≤ 0,80 I0
b)
On land track Iot 0,56 ≤ ⎯ ≤ 0,80 I0
In addition the condition (Iot) groove 0,9 ≤ ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 1,1 (Iot) land shall be satisfied, on groove tracks as well as on land tracks.
19.4
Phase depth The phase depth of the g rooves shall be less than 90°.
19.5
Wobble signal The wobble signal is the signal in Read channel 2 when the light beam is following a groove or a land in the Recording fields of the Rewritable Area. The narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio of the wobble signal shall meet the following requirements. a) On groove track Narrow -band signal-to-noise ratio shall be at least 34 dB (a resolution bandwidth of 10 kHz) b) On land track Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio shall be at least 34 dB (a resolution bandwidth of 10 kHz) The wobble signal amplitude W pp shall meet the following requirements when measured in the unrecorded area: a) On groove track W pp 0,05 ≤ ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 0,10 (I1 - I2) pp b) On land track W pp 0,05 ≤ ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 0,10 ( I1 - I2) pp
(I1 - I2)pp is the peak to peak amplitude of (I1 - I2) in the Tracking channel when the light beam crosses the tracks in an unwritten recordable Recording field.
- 85 -
20
Signals from Header fields The signals obtained from the Header fields in the Rewritable Area shall be measured by both Read channel 1 and Read channel 2 in the Reference Drive. The signals from the Header field are defined as the peak-to-peak value of the signal in Read channel 1 and Read channel 2. The jitter shall be measured for each of the groove tracks and the land tracks according to the fo llowing procedure:
−
Read the signal from approximately 8 bytes of the VFO 1 field preceding the Address Mark to the PA 2 field in the Header 1 field and H eader 2 field under the conditions specified in 18.2.
−
Read the signal from approximately 8 bytes of the VFO 1 field preceding the Address Mark to the PA 2 field in the Header 3 field and H eader 4 field under the conditions specified in 18.2.
Th e jitter is the standard deviation σ of the time variation of digitized data passed through the Read ch annel 1 specified in 18.2.3. The jitter of the leading edge and trailing edge is measured relative to th e PLL clock and normalized by the Chann el bit clock period. Th e jitter shall not exceed 9,0 % of the Channel bit clock period , when measured according to Annex F.
20.1
VFO 1 an d V FO 2 The signal Isvfo from the marks in the VFO 1 and VFO 2 fields shall meet the following requirements: Isvfo
⎯⎯ ≥ 0,14 I0 In addition the condition Isvfo
⎯⎯ ≥ 0,37 Ishmax. shall be satisfied within each Header field, where Ishmax. is the maximum signal from marks of the Header fields defined in clause 20. The signal Ivfo from the marks in the VF O 1 and VFO 2 fields shall meet the following requirements: Ivfo
⎯⎯ ≥ 0,14 I0 In addition the condition Ivfo
⎯⎯ ≥ 0,37 Ihmax. shall be satisfied within each Header field, where Ihmax. is the maximum signal from marks of the Header fields defined in clause 20.
- 86 -
20.2
Address Mark, PID, PED and Postamble Th e signal Ish from marks in the Address Mark, PID, PED and Postamble fields shall meet the following requirements: Ishmin.
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,043 I0 Ishmax.
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,23 I0 Ishmin.
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,17 Ishmax. The last requirement applies over any Header field. The signals Ishmin. and Ishmax. are the signals with minimum and maximum amplitude in each of Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in a sector. The signal Ih from marks in the Address Mark, PID, PED and Postamble fields shall meet the following requirements: Ihmin.
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,10 Ihmax. The last requirement applies over any Header field. The signals Ihmin. and Ihmax. are the signals with minimum and maximum amplitude in each of Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in a sector.
20.3
S ignals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 Si gnals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 2 may be used to de tect the boundary of the land track and groove track, and may be used to detect the radial tilt. Si gnals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 1 may be used to compensate for the tracking offset. Th e signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 of groo ve sector in Read channel 2 ar e shown in Figure 42. The signals from Header 1, Header 2, Hea der 3 and Header 4 of land sector in Read channel 2 are shown in Figure 47. The signals from Header 1 and Header 2 of groove sector have opposite polarity to those of land se ctor in Read channel 2. The signals from Header 3 and Header 4 of groove sector have op posite polarity to those of land sector in Read channel 2. The signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 2 shall meet the fo llowing requirements: IAMHD2 0,9 ≤ ⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 1,1 IAMHD1 IAMHD4 0,9 ≤ ⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 1,1 IAMHD3 - 87 -
IAM13
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,8 IAMHD1 IAM31
⎯⎯⎯ ≥ 0,8 IAMHD3 The following requirements s hall also be met: - 0,10 ≤ (IβHD1 - IαHD1) / 2IAMHD1 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (IβHD2 - IαHD2) / 2IAMHD2 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (IβHD3 - IαHD3) / 2IAMHD3 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (IβHD4 - IαHD4) / 2IAMHD4 ≤ 0,10 The signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 in Read channel 1 shall meet the following requirements (see Figure 46): |(ISVFOHD1 – ISVFOHD3) / (ISVFOHD1 + ISVFOHD3) | < 0,03 : at I1-I2=0 0,04 ≤ |∆[(ISVFOHD1 – ISVFOHD3) / (ISVFOHD1 + ISVFOHD3)] | : at –0,05 µm radial offset 0,9 ≤ ISAMHD2 / ISAMHD1 ≤ 1,1 0,9 ≤ ISAMHD4 / ISAMHD3 ≤ 1,1 The value of asymmetry shall satisfy the following specifications: - 0,10 ≤ (ISβHD1 - ISαHD1) / 2ISAMHD1 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (ISβHD2 - ISαHD2) / 2ISAMHD2 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (ISβHD3 - ISαHD3) / 2ISAMHD3 ≤ 0,10 - 0,10 ≤ (ISβHD4 - ISαHD4) / 2ISAMHD4 ≤ 0,10
20.4
Phase depth The phase depth of the embossed pits shall be less than 90°.
21
Signals from Embossed Area
21.1
High Frequency (HF) signal The HF signal is the signal from marks in the Embossed Area measured in the Read channel 1. See Figure 48 and Annex F.
21.1.1
Modulated amplitude The peak to peak value generated by the largest length of mark in Figure 48 is I14 and the peak value corresponding to HF signal before high-pass filtering is I14H . The 0 Level is the no reflection level. The peak-to-peak value of the shortest wavelength is I3. The above parameters shall satisfy the following specifications: I14 / I14H ≥ 0,35 I3 / I14 ≥ 0,35 (I14H max. - I14H min. ) / I14H max. Within one disk:
0,33 max. - 88 -
Within one revolution:
0,15 max.
Where I14H max. and I14H min. are the maximum and the minimum values of I14H within a disk or a revolution. 21.1.2
S i g n a l a s ym m e t r y The value of asymmetry shall satisfy the following specifications. - 0,05 ≤ [(I14H + I14L ) - (I3H + I3L )] / 2 (I14H - I14L ) ≤ 0,15
21.1.3
Cross-track signal Cross-track signal is derived from the HF signal which is low pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz when the light beam crosses the tracks. The low pass filter is a 1st-order filter. See Figure 49. The signal shall satisfy the following specifications: IT = IH - IL IT / IH = 0,10 min.
21.2
Ji tter Th e jitter is the stan dard deviation σ of the time variation of the binarized data passed through the Read Channel 1 sp ecified in 18.2.3. The jitter of the leading and the trailing edge is measured relative to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period. Th e jitter shall not exceed 8,0 % of the Channel bit clock period, when measured according to Annex F.
2 1.3
Servo signal O utput currents of each quadrant photo detector element of the Optical Head are Ia , Ib , Ic and Id . Se e Figure 51.
21.3.1
Differential phase tracking error signal The differential phase tracking error signal is the triangular signal derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detector elements [phase(Ia+Ic) - phase(Ib+Id)], when the light beam cr osses the tracks. See Figure 52 and 53. The tracking error signal is low pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz. See Annex C. Amplitude The tracking error signa l at the positive zero crossing shall satisfy 0,5 ≤ ∆ t/T ≤ 1,1 , at 0,10 µm radial offset.
∆ t denotes the average time difference coming from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detector elements and T denotes the Channel bit clock period. Asymmetry The value of asymmetry shall satisfy the following specifications. | (T1 - T 2 ) / (T1 + T2 ) | = 0,2 max. 21.3.2
Tangential push-pull signal Tangential push-pull signal is derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output [(Ia + Id ) - (Ib + Ic )], when the light beam is following a track. See Figure 52. The above parameters shall satisfy [(Ia + Id ) - (Ib + Ic )]pp / I14 = 1,2 max.
- 89 -
Figure 51 - Quadrant photo detector
Figure 52 - Tangential push-pull signal
Figure 53 - Differential phase tracking error signal
- 90 -
Section 5 - Characteristics of the recording layer 22
Method of testing Clau se 23 describes a series of tests to assess the phase change recording properties of the Reco rding layer, as used for writing data. The tests shall be performed in the Recording field of the sect ors in the Rewritable Area. The write and read operations necessary for the tests shall be made on th e same Reference Drive.
22.1
Environment Al l signals in clause 23 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the operating environment defined in 8.1.2.
22.2
R eference Dr ive Th e overwrite and read tests described in clause 23 shall be measured in Re ad channel 1 of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.
22.2.1
Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.1. The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.3.
22.2.2
Read power The Read power is the optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for reading the information. The Read power shall be given in Control Data Zone (see 16.2.6). The actual power shall be within 10 % of the given power.
22.2.3
Read channel The Reference Drive shall have Read channel 1 which can detect marks and spaces in the Recording layer. The read signal from the Read channel 1 is not equalized except when measur ing jitter. The threshold level for binarizing the read signal shall be adjusted to minimize the effects of mark and space size changes due to overwriting. Refer to Annex F. The drive shall have a Read channel 1, in which the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens is measured. See 9.4.
22.2.4
22.3
Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the tracks as specified in 18.2.5.
W rite conditions M arks and spaces are overwritten on the disk by pulses of Peak Power, Bias Pow er 1, Bias Power 2 and Bias Power 3. M arks are overwritten on the disk by irradiating write pulses which are modulated between Peak Po wer and Bias Power 2. Sp aces are overwritten on the disk by irradiating Bias Power 1.
22.3.1
Write pulse The Write pulse consists of a sequence of light-pulses given in Figure H.1 of Annex H. A Write pulse for a 3T mark consists of a single pulse followed by a pulse o f Bias power 2. The Write pulse for a 4T mark consists of a first pulse and a last pulse followed by a pulse of Bias power 2. The Write pulse for marks longer than a 4T mark consists of a first pulse, a multi-pulse chain and a last pulse followed by a pulse of Bias power 2. T is the channel clock period.
- 91 -
a) Write pulse structure for a 3T mark The single pulse starts at T SFP after the leading edge of the NRZI signal and ends at 2T– TELP befor e the trailing edge of the NRZI signal. The duration of the single pulse is 1T– TSFP+TELP. TSFP and T ELP shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. The duration of the pulse of Bias power 2 following the single pulse is T LC . TLC shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. b) Write pulse structure for marks longer than 3T The first pulse starts at T SFP after the leading edge of the NR ZI signal and ends at TEFP after the leading edge of the NRZI signal. The duration of the first pulse is T FP, which is equal to TEFP–TSFP. TSFP, TEFP and T FP shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. The write pulses corresponding to 5T to 14T have a multi-pulse chain. The multi-pulse chain consists of repetitive pulses of duration TMP and period T. It starts at 2T after the leading edge of the NRZI signal. The last pulse of the multi-pulse chain starts at 3T before the trailing ed ge of the NRZI signal. T MP shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. The last pulse starts at 2T–TSLP before the trailing edge of the NRZI signal and ends at 2T– TELP before the trailing edge of the NRZI signa l. The duration of the last pulse is T LP, which is equal to T ELP –TSLP. TSLP, TELP and TLP shall be given i n the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. T h e duration of the Bias power 2 pulse following the last pulse is T LC . TLC shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. TFP, TMP, TLP and TLC are the full width, half maximum durations. The full width, half maximum duration of each light-pulse is defined in Figure H.2 of Annex H. The rising time Tr and the falling time Tf shall each be less than or equal to 5,0 ns. The difference between Tr and Tf shall be less than or equal to 1,0 ns. TSFP, TEFP, TFP, TSLP, TELP, TLP, TMP and TLC are given in the Control data zone in units of nano seconds and shall have value ranges as follows: TSFP shall be at least -0,5T, and shall not exceed 1,0T. TELP shall be at least 0,0T, and shall not exceed 1,5T. TEFP shall at least 1,0T, and shall not exceed 2,5T. TSLP shall at least -1,0T, and shall not exceed 0,5T. TFP shall be at least 1,0T, and shall not exceed 2,0T. TLP shall be at least 0,5T, and shall not exceed 1,5T. TLC shall at least 1,0T, and shall not exceed 2,5T. TMP is se t to 0,5T. These parameter ranges have further limitation, as specified in 22.3.4 and should be controlled to an accuracy of ± 0,5 ns. If the first pulse and the multi-pulse have an overlap in their peak power durations, then the composite peak power du ration shall become the consecutive sum total of these two peak power durations. If the first pulse and the last pulse have an overlap in their peak power durations, the n the composite peak power duration shall become the consecutive sum total of the se two peak power durations. If the last pulse of the multiple pulse train and the last pulse hav e an overlap in their peak power durations, then the composite peak power duration shall become the consecutive sum total of these two peak power durations.
- 92 -
22.3.2
Write power The write power has four levels; the Peak power, the Bias power 1, Bias power 2 and Bias power 3, which are the optical powers incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for writ ing marks and spaces. The Peak power, the Bias power 1, the Bias power 2 and the Bias power 3 shall be given in the Control data Zone (see 16.2.6) and the Bias Power 2 shall be less than or equal to Bias power 1. Bias power 3 shall be less than or equal to Bias power 1. The maximum Peak power shall not exceed 14 mW. The maximum Bias power 1 shall not exceed 10 mW. The average Peak power of single pulse, first pul se and last pulse shall satisfy the following requirement: | Av erage Peak power – given Peak power | ≤ 5 % of given Peak power The average Bias power 1 and the average Bias power 2 shall satisfy the following req uirements: | Average Bias power 1 – given Bias power 1 | ≤ 5 % of given Bias power 1 | Average Bias power 2 – given Bias power 2 | ≤ 5 % of given Bias power 1 The mean power of the mul ti-pulse chain is the mean power of the instantaneous power within the measuring period. The measuring period shall only contain all of the multi-pulse chain and shall be multiple of T. The mean power of the multi-pulse chain shall satisfy the following requirement: | The mean power of the multiple pulse chain – (given Peak power + given Bias power 3) / 2 | shall not exceed 5 % of (given Peak power + given Bias power 3) / 2. The instantaneous power is the instantaneous level of the actual power. The average power is the mean power of the instantaneous power within the given power range. The power ranges for the average powers shall satisfy the following requirement: Average Peak power: Average Bias power 1: Average Bias power 2: Average Bias power 3:
| Actual power – given Peak power | ≤ 10 % of given Peak power | Actual power – given Bias power 1 | ≤ 10 % of given Bias power1 | Actual power – given Bias power 2 | ≤ 10 % of given Peak power | Actual power – given Bias power 3 | ≤ 10 % of given Peak power
The time range for measuring the average power shall not exceed the duration of each pulse. The instantaneous power shall satisfy the following requirements: | Instantaneous Peak power – given Peak power | ≤ 10 % of given Peak power | Instantaneous Bias power 1 – given Bias power 1 | ≤ 10 % of given Bias power1 | Instantaneous Bias power 2 – given Bias power 2| ≤ 10 % of given Peak power | Instantaneous Bias power 3 – given Bias power 3| ≤ 10 % of given Peak power The definition of the average Peak power, the average Bias power 1, the average Bias power 2 and the mean power of multi-pulse chain is shown in Figure H.3 of Annex H. 22.3.3
A d a p t i ve w r i t e c o n t r o l t a b l e To precisely control the mark edge position, the timings of the first pulse, the last pulse and the single pulse can be modulated. For basic write pulse definition, see 22.3.1. Mark lengths of the NRZI signal are categorized to M3, M4, M5 and M6. Mark length of M3, M4, M5 and M6 are 3T, 4T, 5T and longer than 5T, respectively. Space lengths of the NR ZI signal adjacent to and before the mark are categorized to LS3, LS4, LS5 and LS6. Space le ngths of LS3, LS4, LS5 and LS6 are 3T, 4T, 5T and longer than 5T, respectively.
- 93 -
Space lengths of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark are categorized to TS3, TS4, TS5 and TS6. Space lengths of TS3, TS4, TS5 and TS6 are 3T, 4T, 5T and longer than 5T, respectively. TSFP can be modulated as a function of the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark. Therefore, TSFP can have sixteen kinds of values as follows: TSFP (M3, LS3) T SFP (M4, LS3) T SFP (M5, LS3) T SFP (M6, LS3) TSFP (M3, LS4) T SFP (M4, LS4) T SFP (M5, LS4) T SFP (M6, LS4) TSFP (M3, LS5) T SFP (M4, LS5) T SFP (M5, LS5) T SFP (M6, LS5) TSFP (M3, LS6) T SFP (M4, LS6) T SFP (M5, LS6) T SFP (M6, LS6) TSFP (M, LS) means the TSFP value when the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and before the mark is LS. These sixteen TSFP values shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. TELP can be modulated as a function of the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark. Therefore, TELP can have sixteen kinds of values as follows: TELP (M3, TS3) T ELP (M4, TS3) T ELP (M5, TS3) T ELP (M6, TS3) TELP (M3, TS4) T ELP (M4, TS4) T ELP (M5, TS4) T ELP (M6, TS4) TELP (M3, TS5) T ELP (M4, TS5) T ELP (M5, TS5) T ELP (M6, TS5) TELP (M3, TS6) T ELP (M4, TS6) T ELP (M5, TS6) T ELP (M6, TS6) TELP (M, TS) means the TELP value when the category of the mark length of the NRZI signal is M and the category of the space length of the NRZI signal adjacent to and after the mark is TS. These sixteen TELP values shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6. TSFP values can be represented as the letters from a to p as a function of mark length and previous space length. T ELP can be represented as the letters from q to af as a function of mark length and trailing space length. The T SFP table and the TELP table are shown in Table 18. Table 18 - Adaptive write control table structure Mark length TSFP Table 3T Leading space length
22.3.4
Mark length
3T
4T
5T
>5T
a
b
c
d
4T
e
f
g
h
5T
i
j
k
l
>5T
m
n
o
p
TELP Table
Trailing space length
3T
4T
5T
>5T
3T
q
r
s
t
4T
u
v
w
x
5T
y
x
aa
ab
>5T
ac
ad
ae
af
A d a p t i ve w r i t e p u l s e c o n t r o l m o d e There are two modes, case 1 and case 2, for adaptive write pulse control. For basic write pulse definition, refer to 22.3.1. a) Case 1 For the first pulse, TEFP and TSFP in the Control data zone shall be applied. T FP in the Control data zone shall be ignored. TEFP – TSFP shall be equal to or more than 1,0T and shall be less than or equal to 2,0T.
- 94 -
For the last pulse, TSLP and TELP in the Control da ta zone shall be applied. T LP in the Control data zone shall be ignored. TELP – TSLP shall be e qual to or more than 0,5T and shall be less than or equal to 1,5T. Value ranges of T EFP, TSFP, TEFP – TSFP, TSLP, TELP and TELP – TSLP are summarized in Table H.1 in Annex H. b) Case 2 For the first pulse, TFP and TSFP in the Control data zone shall be applied. T EFP in the Control data zone shall be ignored. T SFP + TFP shall be equal to or more than 1,0T and shall be less than or equal to 2,5T. For the last pulse, TLP and TELP in the Control data zone shall be applied. T SLP in the Control data zone shall be ignored. T ELP – TLP shall be equal to or more than –1,0T and shall be equal to or less than 0,5T. Value ranges of T FP, TSFP, TSFP + TFP, TLP, TELP and TELP – TLP are summarized in Table H.1 in Annex H. The selection of case 1 or case 2 shall be given in the Control data Zone. See 16.2.6.
22.4
Definition of signals The signals in the Read channel are linearly related to the sum of the currents through the split photo-detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.
23 23.1
Write characteristics Modulated amplitude and Signal asymmetry The Modulated amplitude and Signal asymmetry are measured in the Read channel 1. See Figure 48 and Annex F. The test on modulation depth and Signal asymmetry shall be carried out on each of a groove track and a land track according to the following procedure. Overwrite random data in the Recording fields 10 times. The write condition shall be as specified in 22.3. Read the Recording fields under the conditions specified in 22.2. The peak to peak value generated by the longest length 14T of mark and space in Figure 48 is I14 and the peak value corresponding to the read signal is I 14H . The 0 level is the signal level obtained from the measuring device when no disc is inserted. The peak-to-peak value of the shortest length 3T of mark and space is I3. The above parameters shall satisfy I14 / I14H :
0,40 min.
I3 / I14 :
0,15 min.
(I14max - I14min) / I14max = 0,10 max. Where I14max and I14min are the maximum and the minimum values of I14 within a sector. The maximum value of (I14Hmax - I14Hmin ) / I14Hmax shall be : Within a disk : 0,33 max. Within a track : 0,15 max. Where I14Hmax and I14Hmin are the maximum and minimum values of I14H and Iot within a disk or a track. - 95 -
The value of asymmetry shall satisfy -0,05 ≤ [(I14H + I14L) - (I3H + I3L) ] / 2 (I14H - I14L) ≤ 0,15
23.2
Jitter The test on jitter shall be carried out in the Recording fields of any group of five adjacent tracks, designated (m-2), (m-1), m, (m+1), (m+2). When track m is a groove, tracks of (m-2), (m+2) are grooves and tracks of (m-1), (m+1) are lands. On the other hand, when track m is a land, tracks of (m-2), (m+2) are lands and tracks of (m-1), (m+1) are grooves. The Jitter shall be measured for each of the groove and land tracks according to the following procedure: Overwrite random data in the Recording fields of all five tracks 10 times each. The write condition shall be specified in 22.3. Read the data from PS field, Data field and PA 3 field, at least, of track m under the conditions specified in 22.2. The jitter is the standard deviation σ of the time variation of digitized data passed through the Read channel 1 specified in 18.2.3 The jitter of the leading and trailing edge is measured relative to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period. The jitter shall be less than 9,0 % of the Channel bit clock period.
- 96 -
Section 6 - Characteristics of user data 24
Method of testing The user-written data may have been written by any drive in any environment. The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive. All signals shall be within their specified ranges in the operating environment defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that, before test ing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.
- 97 -
- 98 -
Annex A ( n o r ma t i ve )
Measurement of the angular deviation α The angular deviation is the angle α formed by an incid ent beam perpendicular to the Reference Plane P with the reflected beam (Figure A.1).
Figure A.1 - Angular deviation α
For me asuring the angular deviation α, the disk shall be clamped between two concen tric rings covering most of the Clamping Zone. The top clamping area shall have the same diameters as the bottom clamping area. + 0,5 mm
d in = 22,3 mm
- 0,0 mm + 0,0 mm
d out = 32,7 mm
- 0,5 mm
The to tal clamping force shall be F1 = 2,0 N ± 0,5 N. In order to prevent warping of the disk under the momen t of force gen erated by the clamping force and the chucking force F2 exerted on the rim of the centre hole of the disk, F2 shall not exceed 0,5 N (Figure A.2). This measurement shall be made under the conditions of 8.1.1.).
- 99 -
Figure A.2 - Clamping and chucking conditions
- 100 -
Annex B ( n o r m a t i ve )
Measurement of birefringence B.1 Principle of the measurement In order to measure the birefringence, circularly polarized light in a parallel beam is used. The phase retardation is measured by observing the ellipticity of the reflected light.
Figure B.1 - Ellipse with ellipticity e = b/a and orientation θ
The orientation θ of the ellipse is determined by the orientation of the optical axis
θ = γ - π/4 where γ is the angle between the optical axis and the radial direction.
(I)
The ellipticity e = b/a is a function of the phase retardation δ
⎡1 ⎛ π ⎞⎤ e = tan ⎢ ⎜ − δ ⎟ ⎥ ⎣2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦
(II)
When the phase retardation δ is known the birefringence BR can be expressed as a fraction of the wavelength
λ
(III) δ nm 2π Thus, by observing the elliptically polarized light reflected from the disk, the birefringence can be measured and the orientation of the optical axis can be assessed as well.
BR =
B.2 Measurements condi tions The measurement of the birefringence specified above shall be made under the following conditions: Mode of measurement in reflection, do uble p ass through the substrate Wavelength λ of the laser light
645 nm ± 15 nm
Beam diameter (FWHM)
1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm
- 101 -
Angle β of incidence in r ad ial d irection relative to the radial plan e perp endicular to Reference Plane P
7,0 ° ± 0,2 °
Clamping and chucking conditions
as specified by Annex A
Disk mounting
horizontally
Rot ation
less than 1 Hz
Temperature and relative humidity
as specified in 8.1.1.)
B.3 Example of a measuring set- up Wh ilst this Ecma Standard does not prescribe a specific device for measuring birefringence, the dev ice shown schematically in Figure B.2 as an ex ample, is well suited for this measurement.
Figure B.2 - Example of a device for the measurement of birefringence
Light from a laser source, collimated into a polarizer (extinction ratio ≈ 10 -5 ), is made circular by a λ /4 plate. The ellipticity of the reflected light is analyzed by a rotating analyzer and a photo detector. For every location on the disk, the minimum and the maximum values of the intensity are measured. The ellipticity can then be calculated as e2 = Imin / Imax
(IV)
Combining equations II, III and IV yields BR = λ /4 - λ / π × arctan
I min I max
This device can be easily calibrated as follows Imin is set to 0 by measuring a polarizer or a λ / 4 plate , Imin = Imax when measuring a mirror Apart from the d.c. contribution of the front surface reflection, a.c. components may occur, due to the interference of the reflection(s) of the front surface with the reflection(s) from the recorded layer. These a.c. reflectance effects are significant only if the disk substrate has an extremely accurate flatness and if the light source has a high coherence.
- 102 -
Annex C ( n o r ma t i ve )
Measurement of the differential phase tracking error C.1 Measuring method for the differential phase tracking error The reference circuit for the measurement of the tracking error shall be that shown in Figure C.1. Each output of the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant photo detector shall be digitized independently after equalization of the wave form defined by H(s) = (1 + 1,11 × 10 -7 iω) / (1 + 3,26 × 10 -8 iω) The gain of the comparators shall be sufficient to reach full saturation on the outputs, even with minimum signal amplitudes. Phases of the digitized pulse signal edges (signals B1 and B2) shall be compared to each other to produce a time-lead signal C1 and a time-lag signal C2. The phase comparator shall react to each individual edge with signal C1 or C2, depending on the sign of ∆ti . A tracking error signal shall be produced by smoothing the C1, C2 signals with low-pass filters and by subtracting by means of a unity gain differential amplifier. The low-pass filters shall be 1 st order filters with a cut-off frequency of (-3 dB) 30 kHz. Special attention shall be given to the implementation of the circuit because very small time differences have to be measured, indeed 1 % of T equals only 0,27 ns. Careful averaging is needed. The average time difference between two signals from the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant detector shall be ∆t = 1/N ∑ ∆ti
where N is the number of edges both rising and falling.
C.2 Measurement of ∆t /T without time interval analyzer The relative time difference ∆t /T is represented by the amplitude of the tracking error signal provided that the amplitudes of the C1 and C2 signals and the frequency component of the read-out signals are normalized. The relation between the tracking error amplitude difference is given by ∆TVE =
∆TVE and the time
∑ ∆t Vpc = ∑ ∆t Vpc = ∆t × Vpc N nT T n ∑T i
i
i
where Vpc is the amplitude of the C1 and C2 signals Ti is the actual length of the read-out signal in the range 3T to 14T nT is the weighted average value of the actual length N n T is the total averaging time Assuming that Vpc equals 5 V and that the measured value of n equals 5, then the above relation between the tracking error amplitude ∆TVE and the time difference ∆t can be simplified to ∆TVE = ∆t / T
- 103 -
C.3 Calibration of ∆t /T Special attention shall be given to the calibration of the gain of the phase comparator as it may tend to vary. The following check and calibration method shall be applied to the measurement of the differential phase tracking error signal: a) Checking the measurement circuit : 1) Measure the relation between the amplitude of the first comparator input (3T) and the amplitude of the tracking error signal. 2) Check the current gain of the amplifier, using the saturation area (Figure C.2). b) Determination of the calibration factor K : Because of the deviations of n and Vpc, and possibly some other circuit parameters, a calibration factor K has to be determined that
∆t / T (real ) = K × ∆TVE (measured ) This can be achieved in the following way: 1) Generate two sinusoidal signals A1 and A2 of frequency 3,767 MHz (corresponding to 5T) with phase difference, and inject them into two equalizer circuits. 2) Measure the relation between ∆t T and ∆TVE , and determine K (Figure C.3).
K=
∆t / T (injected ) ∆TVE (measured )
It is recommended to add an amplifier of gain K to the measurement equipment for Differential phase tracking error, after the differential amplifier shown in Figure C.1, which can adjust the calibration factor K and allow the measurement of ∆t T directly from the output.
- 104 -
Figure C.1 - Circuit for tracking error measurements
- 105 -
Figure C.2 - Comparator input signal amplitude vs tracking error signal amplitude
Figure C.3 - ∆t /T vs ∆TVE
- 106 -
Annex D ( n o r m a t i ve )
Reflect ivity calibration and measuring m ethod D.1 Calibration method A good reference disk shall be chosen, for instance a 0,6 mm glass disk with a golden reflective mirror. This reference disk shall be measured by a parallel beam as shown in Figure D.1
Figure D.1 - Reflectance calibration
In this Figure the following applies. I r Rs
= incident beam = reflectivity of the entrance surface = main reflectivity of the recorded layer
R int
= other reflectivities of the entrance surface and of the recorded layer
R //
= measured value, using the arrangement of Figure D.1
R // = r + R s + R int r = ( (n-1) / (n+1) ) 2 where n is the refraction index of the substrate R s = R // - r -R int R s = [ (1-r) 2 × (R // - r) ] / [ 1-r × (2 - R //) ] The reference disk shall be measured on a reference drive. Imirror obtained from the golden reflective mirror and measured by the focused beam, is equated to R s as determined above. Now the arrangement is calibrated and the focused reflectivity is a linear function of the reflectivity of the recorded layer, independently from the reflectivity of the entrance surface.
- 107 -
D.2 Measuring method a)
Reflectivity in Rewritable Area A method of measuring the reflectivity with an Optical Head. 1) Measure the reflective light power Ds from the reference disk with calibrated reflectivity Rs. 2) Measure the reflective light power Dm from Mirror field. 3) Calculate the disk reflectivity R d in the Rewritable Area as follows: Rd =
b)
Rs × Dm Ds
Reflectivity in Embossed Area A method of measuring the reflectivity by an Optical Head. 1) Measure the reflective light power Ds from the reference disk with calibrated reflectivity Rs. 2) Measure the reflective light power I14H from Embossed Area (see Figure 48). 3) Calculate the disk reflectivity R 14H in the Embossed Area as follows: R 14 H =
Rs × I 14 H Ds
- 108 -
Annex E ( n o r m a t i ve )
Tapered cone for disk clamping The device used for centring the disk for measurement shall be a cone with a taper angle β = 40,0°± 0,5° (see Figure E.1).
Figure E.1 - Tapered cone
- 109 -
- 110 -
Annex F ( n o r m a t i ve )
Measuring conditions for the operation signals 1) PLL Natural Frequency at 4T: ωn = 0,6 ×10 6 rad/s Damping Ratio
at 4T: ξ= 0,7
2) Slicer The slicer shall be a feed-back auto-slicer with a -3 dB closed-loop bandwidth of 20 kHz, 1st order integrating. 3
Jitter The jitter in a quarter revolution of the disk shall be measured. Measurement frequency bandwidth shall be from 1 kHz to HF.
Figure F.1 - An example of circuit diagram of slicer
Low-pass filter (LPF): 6 th order Bessel filter, fc (-3 dB) = 20,0 MHz Example of an analogue equalizer: 3-tap transversal filter with transfer function H(z) = 1,60 z -2 - 0,30 (1 + z -4 ) F iltering and equalization: Gain variation: 1 dB max. (below 15 MHz) Group delay variation: 1,5 ns max. (below 14 MHz) (Gain at 12 MHz - Gain at 0 Hz) = 5,5 dB ± 0,3 dB
- 111 -
Figure F.2 - Frequency characteristics for the equalizer and the low-pass filter
- 112 -
Annex G ( n o r m a t i ve )
8 -to -16 Recor d ing code with RL L (2,10) re q uire m ents Tables G.1 and G.2 list the 16-bit Code Words into which the 8-bit coded Data bytes have to be transformed . Fig ure G.1 shows s ch em a tically how the C ode Words and the associated State specification are generated.
Figure G.1 - Code Words generation
In this Figure: X( t) = H {B(t), S(t)}
X15(t) = msb and X0(t) = lsb
S( t+1 ) =G{B(t), S(t)} H is the output function G is the next-state function The Code Words leaving the States shall be chosen so that the concatenation of Code Words entering a State and those leaving that State satisfy the requireme nt that between two ONEs there shall be at least 2 and at most 10 ZEROs. As additional requirements:
− −
Code Words leaving State 2 shall have both bit X15 and bit X 3 set to ZERO, and in Code Words leaving State 3 bit X15 or bit X 3 or both shall be set to ONE.
This means that the Code Word sets of States 2 and 3 are disjointed.
- 113 -
Code Word X(t)
Next State S(t+1)
Code Word X(t+1)
Ends with 1 or no trailing ZERO
State 1
Starts with 2 or up to 9 leading ZEROs
Ends with 2 or up to 5 trailing ZEROs
State 2
Starts with 1 or up to 5 leading ZEROs, and X15(t+1),X3(t+1) = 0,0
Ends with 2 or up to 5 trailing ZEROs
State 3
Starts with none or up to 5 leading ZEROs, and X15(t+1),X3(t+1) ≠ 0,0
Ends with 6 or up to 9 trailing ZEROs
State 4
Starts with 1 or no leading ZERO
Figure G.2 - Determination of States
Note that when decoding the recorded data, knowledge about the encoder is required to be able to reconstitute the original main Data. B(t) = H -1 {X(t), S(t)} Because of the involved error propagation, such state-dependent decoding is to be avoided. In the case of this 8-to-16 recording code, the conversion tables have been chosen in such a way that knowledge about the State is not required in most cases. As can be gathered from the tables, in some cases, two 8-bit bytes, for instance the 8-bit bytes 5 and 6 in States 1 and 2 in Table F.1, generate the same 16-bit Code Words. The construction of the tables allows to solve this apparent ambiguity. Indeed, if two identical Code Words leave a State, one of them goes to State 2 and the other to State 3. Because the setting of bits X 15 and X3 is always different in these two States, any Code Word can be uniquely decoded by analysing the Code Word itself together with bits X 15 and X3 of the next Code Word : B(t) = H -1 { X(t), X15 (t+1), X3 (t+1) } In the tables, the 8-bit bytes are identified by their decimal value.
- 114 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
State 3 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 4 Next State
Code Word msb
lsb
Next State
0
0010000000001001
1
0100000100100000
2
0010000000001001
1
0100000100100000
2
1
0010000000010010
1
0010000000010010
1
1000000100100000
3
1000000100100000
3
2
0010000100100000
2
0010000100100000
2
1000000000010010
1
1000000000010010
1
3
0010000001001000
2
0100010010000000
4
0010000001001000
2
0100010010000000
4
4
0010000010010000
2
0010000010010000
2
1000000100100000
2
1000000100100000
2
5
0010000000100100
2
0010000000100100
2
1001001000000000
4
1001001000000000
4
6
0010000000100100
3
0010000000100100
3
1000100100000000
4
1000100100000000
4
7
0010000001001000
3
0100000000010010
1
0010000001001000
3
0100000000010010
1
8
0010000010010000
3
0010000010010000
3
1000010010000000
4
1000010010000000
4
9
0010000100100000
3
0010000100100000
3
1001001000000001
1
1001001000000001
1
10
0010010010000000
4
0010010010000000
4
1000100100000001
1
1000100100000001
1
11
0010001001000000
4
0010001001000000
4
1000000010010000
3
1000000010010000
3
12
0010010010000001
1
0010010010000001
1
1000000010010000
2
1000000010010000
2
13
0010001001000001
1
0010001001000001
1
1000010010000001
1
1000010010000001
1
14
0010000001001001
1
0100000000100100
3
0010000001001001
1
0100000000100100
3
15
0010000100100001
1
0010000100100001
1
1000001001000001
1
1000001001000001
1
16
0010000010010001
1
0010000010010001
1
1000000100100001
1
1000000100100001
1
17
0010000000100010
1
0010000000100010
1
1000001001000000
4
1000001001000000
4
18
0001000000001001
1
0100000010010000
2
0001000000001001
1
0100000010010000
2
19
0010000000010001
1
0010000000010001
1
1001000100000000
4
1001000100000000
4
20
0001000000010010
1
0001000000010010
1
1000100010000000
4
1000100010000000
4
21
0000100000000010
1
0000100000000010
1
1000000010010001
1
1000000010010001
1
22
0000010000000001
1
0000010000000001
1
1000000001001001
1
1000000001001001
1
23
0010001000100000
2
0010001000100000
2
1000000001001000
2
1000000001001000
2
24
0010000100010000
2
0010000100010000
2
1000000001001000
3
1000000001001000
3
25
0010000010001000
2
0100000000100100
2
0010000010001000
2
0100000000100100
2
26
0010000001000100
2
0010000001000100
2
1000000000100010
1
1000000000100010
1
27
0001000100100000
2
0001000100100000
2
1000000000010001
1
1000000000010001
1
28
0010000000001000
2
0100000010010000
3
0010000000001000
2
0100000010010000
3
29
0001000010010000
2
0001000010010000
2
1001001000000010
1
1001001000000010
1
30
0001000001001000
2
0100000100100000
3
0001000001001000
2
0100000100100000
3
31
0001000000100100
2
0001000000100100
2
1001000100000001
1
1001000100000001
1
32
0001000000000100
2
0001000000000100
2
1000100100000010
1
1000100100000010
1
33
0001000000000100
3
0001000000000100
3
1000100010000001
1
1000100010000001
1
34
0001000000100100
3
0001000000100100
3
1000000000100100
2
1000000000100100
2
35
0001000001001000
3
0100001001000000
4
0001000001001000
3
0100001001000000
4
36
0001000010010000
3
0001000010010000
3
1000000000100100
3
1000000000100100
3
37
0001000100100000
3
0001000100100000
3
1000010001000000
4
1000010001000000
4
38
0010000000001000
3
0100100100000001
1
0010000000001000
3
0100100100000001
1
39
0010000001000100
3
0010000001000100
3
1001000010000000
4
1001000010000000
4
40
0010000010001000
3
0100010010000001
1
0010000010001000
3
0100010010000001
1
41
0010000100010000
3
0010000100010000
3
1000010010000010
1
1000010010000010
1
42
0010001000100000
3
0010001000100000
3
1000001000100000
2
1000001000100000
2
43
0010010001000000
4
0010010001000000
4
1000010001000001
1
1000010001000001
1
44
0001001001000000
4
0001001001000000
4
1000001000100000
3
1000001000100000
3
45
0000001000000001
1
0100010001000000
4
1000001001000010
1
0100010001000000
4
- 115 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State msb
State 3
Code Word
Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
Next lsb
State
46
0010010010000010
1
0010010010000010
1
1000001000100001
1
1000001000100001
1
47
0010000010001001
1
0100001001000001
1
0010000010001001
1
0100001001000001
1
48
0010010001000001
1
0010010001000001
1
1000000100010000
2
1000000100010000
2
49
0010001001000010
1
0010001001000010
1
1000000010001000
2
1000000010001000
2
50
0010001000100001
1
0010001000100001
1
1000000100010000
3
1000000100010000
3
51
0001000001001001
1
0100000100100001
1
0001000001001001
1
0100000100100001
1
52
0010000100100010
1
0010000100100010
1
1000000100100010
1
1000000100100010
1
53
0010000100010001
1
0010000100010001
1
1000000100010001
1
1000000100010001
1
54
0010000010010010
1
0010000010010010
1
1000000010010010
1
1000000010010010
1
55
0010000001000010
1
0010000001000010
1
1000000010001001
1
1000000010001001
1
56
0010000000100001
1
0010000000100001
1
1000000001000010
1
1000000001000010
1
57
0000100000001001
1
0100000010010001
1
0000100000001001
1
0100000010010001
1
58
0001001001000001
1
0001001001000001
1
1000000000100001
1
1000000000100001
1
59
0001000100100001
1
0001000100100001
1
0100000001001001
1
0100000001001001
1
60
0001000010010001
1
0001000010010001
1
1001001000010010
1
1001001000010010
1
61
0001000000100010
1
0001000000100010
1
1001001000001001
1
1001001000001001
1
62
0001000000010001
1
0001000000010001
1
1001000100000010
1
1001000100000010
1
63
0000100000010010
1
0000100000010010
1
1000000001000100
2
1000000001000100
2
64
0000010000000010
1
0000010000000010
1
0100000001001000
2
0100000001001000
2
65
0010010000100000
2
0010010000100000
2
1000010000100000
2
1000010000100000
2
66
0010001000010000
2
0010001000010000
2
1000001000010000
2
1000001000010000
2
67
0010000100001000
2
0100000000100010
1
0010000100001000
2
0100000000100010
1
68
0010000010000100
2
0010000010000100
2
1000000100001000
2
1000000100001000
2
69
0010000000010000
2
0010000000010000
2
1000000010000100
2
1000000010000100
2
70
0001000010001000
2
0100001000100000
2
0001000010001000
2
0100001000100000
2
71
0001001000100000
2
0001001000100000
2
0100000010001000
2
0100000010001000
2
72
0001000000001000
2
0100000100010000
2
0001000000001000
2
0100000100010000
2
73
0001000100010000
2
0001000100010000
2
1000000001000100
3
1000000001000100
3
74
0001000001000100
2
0001000001000100
2
0100000001001000
3
0100000001001000
3
75
0000100100100000
2
0000100100100000
2
1000010000100000
3
1000010000100000
3
76
0000100010010000
2
0000100010010000
2
1000001000010000
3
1000001000010000
3
77
0000100001001000
2
0100000001000100
2
0000100001001000
2
0100000001000100
2
78
0000100000100100
2
0000100000100100
2
1000000100001000
3
1000000100001000
3
79
0000100000000100
2
0000100000000100
2
1000000010000100
3
1000000010000100
3
80
0000100000000100
3
0000100000000100
3
0100000010001000
3
0100000010001000
3
81
0000100000100100
3
0000100000100100
3
1000100001000000
4
1000100001000000
4
82
0000100001001000
3
0100000001000100
3
0000100001001000
3
0100000001000100
3
83
0000100010010000
3
0000100010010000
3
1000000010001000
3
1000000010001000
3
84
0000100100100000
3
0000100100100000
3
1001001001001000
2
1001001001001000
2
85
0001000000001000
3
0100000100010000
3
0001000000001000
3
0100000100010000
3
86
0001000001000100
3
0001000001000100
3
1001001000100100
2
1001001000100100
2
87
0001000010001000
3
0100001000100000
3
0001000010001000
3
0100001000100000
3
88
0001000100010000
3
0001000100010000
3
1001001001001000
3
1001001001001000
3
89
0001001000100000
3
0001001000100000
3
1001000010000001
1
1001000010000001
1
90
0010000000010000
3
0010000000010000
3
1000100100010010
1
1000100100010010
1
91
0010000010000100
3
0010000010000100
3
1000100100001001
1
1000100100001001
1
92
0010000100001000
3
0100000000010001
1
0010000100001000
3
0100000000010001
1
93
0010001000010000
3
0010001000010000
3
1000100010000010
1
1000100010000010
1
94
0010010000100000
3
0010010000100000
3
1000100001000001
1
1000100001000001
1
- 116 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 3 Next State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 4 Next State
Code Word msb
lsb
Next State
95
0000001000000010
1
0100100100000010
1
1000010010010010
1
0100100100000010
1
96
0000000100000001
1
0100100010000001
1
1000010010001001
1
0100100010000001
1
97
0010010010001001
1
0100010000100000
2
0010010010001001
1
0100010000100000
2
98
0010010010010010
1
0010010010010010
1
1001001000000100
2
1001001000000100
2
99
0010010001000010
1
0010010001000010
1
1001001000100100
3
1001001000100100
3
100
0010010000100001
1
0010010000100001
1
1000010001000010
1
1000010001000010
1
101
0010001001001001
1
0100010010000010
1
0010001001001001
1
0100010010000010
1
102
0010001000100010
1
0010001000100010
1
1000010000100001
1
1000010000100001
1
103
0010001000010001
1
0010001000010001
1
1000001001001001
1
1000001001001001
1
104
0010000100010010
1
0010000100010010
1
1000001000100010
1
1000001000100010
1
105
0010000010000010
1
0010000010000010
1
1000001000010001
1
1000001000010001
1
106
0010000100001001
1
0100001000010000
2
0010000100001001
1
0100001000010000
2
107
0010000001000001
1
0010000001000001
1
1000000100010010
1
1000000100010010
1
108
0001001001000010
1
0001001001000010
1
1000000100001001
1
1000000100001001
1
109
0001001000100001
1
0001001000100001
1
1000000010000010
1
1000000010000010
1
110
0001000100100010
1
0001000100100010
1
1000000001000001
1
1000000001000001
1
111
0001000100010001
1
0001000100010001
1
0100000010001001
1
0100000010001001
1
112
0001000010010010
1
0001000010010010
1
1001001001001001
1
1001001001001001
1
113
0001000001000010
1
0001000001000010
1
1001001000100010
1
1001001000100010
1
114
0001000010001001
1
0100010000100000
3
0001000010001001
1
0100010000100000
3
115
0001000000100001
1
0001000000100001
1
1001001000010001
1
1001001000010001
1
116
0000100100100001
1
0000100100100001
1
1001000100010010
1
1001000100010010
1
117
0000100010010001
1
0000100010010001
1
1001000100001001
1
1001000100001001
1
118
0000100001001001
1
0100010001000001
1
0000100001001001
1
0100010001000001
1
119
0000100000100010
1
0000100000100010
1
1000100100100100
2
1000100100100100
2
120
0000100000010001
1
0000100000010001
1
1000100100000100
2
1000100100000100
2
121
0000010000001001
1
0100001001000010
1
0000010000001001
1
0100001001000010
1
122
0000010000010010
1
0000010000010010
1
1000100000100000
2
1000100000100000
2
123
0010010010000100
2
0010010010000100
2
1000010010000100
2
1000010010000100
2
124
0010010000010000
2
0010010000010000
2
1000010000010000
2
1000010000010000
2
125
0010001000001000
2
0100001000100001
1
0010001000001000
2
0100001000100001
1
126
0010001001000100
2
0010001001000100
2
1000001001000100
2
1000001001000100
2
127
0001000100001000
2
0100000100100010
1
0001000100001000
2
0100000100100010
1
128
0010000100100100
2
0010000100100100
2
1000001000001000
2
1000001000001000
2
129
0000100010001000
2
0100000100010001
1
0000100010001000
2
0100000100010001
1
130
0010000100000100
2
0010000100000100
2
1000000100100100
2
1000000100100100
2
131
0010000000100000
2
0010000000100000
2
1001001000000100
3
1001001000000100
3
132
0001001000010000
2
0001001000010000
2
1000100100100100
3
1000100100100100
3
133
0000100000001000
2
0100000010010010
1
0000100000001000
2
0100000010010010
1
134
0001000010000100
2
0001000010000100
2
1000100000100000
3
1000100000100000
3
135
0001000000010000
2
0001000000010000
2
1000010010000100
3
1000010010000100
3
136
0000100100010000
2
0000100100010000
2
1000010000010000
3
1000010000010000
3
137
0000100001000100
2
0000100001000100
2
1000001001000100
3
1000001001000100
3
138
0000010001001000
2
0100000001000010
1
0000010001001000
2
0100000001000010
1
139
0000010010010000
2
0000010010010000
2
1000001000001000
3
1000001000001000
3
140
0000010000100100
2
0000010000100100
2
1001000010000010
1
1001000010000010
1
141
0000010000000100
2
0000010000000100
2
1000000100000100
2
1000000100000100
2
142
0000010000000100
3
0000010000000100
3
1000000100100100
3
1000000100100100
3
143
0000010000100100
3
0000010000100100
3
1000000100000100
3
1000000100000100
3
- 117 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 3 Next State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
Next State
144
0000010001001000
3
0100000010000100
2
0000010001001000
3
0100000010000100
2
145
0000010010010000
3
0000010010010000
3
1001000001000000
4
1001000001000000
4
146
0000100000001000
3
0100000000010000
2
0000100000001000
3
0100000000010000
2
147
0000100001000100
3
0000100001000100
3
1000000000100000
2
1000000000100000
2
148
0000100010001000
3
0100000010000100
3
0000100010001000
3
0100000010000100
3
149
0000100100010000
3
0000100100010000
3
1000000000100000
3
1000000000100000
3
150
0001000000010000
3
0001000000010000
3
0100000100001000
3
0100000100001000
3
151
0001000010000100
3
0001000010000100
3
1000000001000000
4
1000000001000000
4
152
0001000100001000
3
0100001000010000
3
0001000100001000
3
0100001000010000
3
153
0001001000010000
3
0001001000010000
3
1001000001000001
1
1001000001000001
1
154
0010000000100000
3
0010000000100000
3
0100000100001000
2
0100000100001000
2
155
0010000100000100
3
0010000100000100
3
1001000100100100
3
1001000100100100
3
156
0010000100100100
3
0010000100100100
3
1000100100100010
1
1000100100100010
1
157
0010001000001000
3
0100000000100001
1
0010001000001000
3
0100000000100001
1
158
0010001001000100
3
0010001001000100
3
1000100100000100
3
0100100100000000
4
159
0010010000010000
3
0010010000010000
3
1001001001000100
2
1001001001000100
2
160
0010010010000100
3
0010010010000100
3
1001001000001000
2
1001001000001000
2
161
0000001000010010
1
0100000000010000
3
1000100100010001
1
0100000000010000
3
162
0000001000001001
1
0100100100100100
2
1000100010010010
1
0100100100100100
2
163
0000000100000010
1
0100100100100100
3
1000100010001001
1
0100100100100100
3
164
0000000010000001
1
0100100100010010
1
1000100001000010
1
0100100100010010
1
165
0010010010010001
1
0010010010010001
1
1001000100100100
2
1001000100100100
2
166
0010010000100010
1
0010010000100010
1
1001000100000100
2
1001000100000100
2
167
0010010001001001
1
0100100100000100
2
0010010001001001
1
0100100100000100
2
168
0010010000010001
1
0010010000010001
1
1001001001000100
3
1001001001000100
3
169
0010001000010010
1
0010001000010010
1
1000100000100001
1
1000100000100001
1
170
0010000100000010
1
0010000100000010
1
1000010010010001
1
1000010010010001
1
171
0010001000001001
1
0100100000100000
3
0010001000001001
1
0100100000100000
3
172
0010000010000001
1
0010000010000001
1
1000010001001001
1
1000010001001001
1
173
0001001000100010
1
0001001000100010
1
1000010000100010
1
1000010000100010
1
174
0001001000010001
1
0001001000010001
1
1000010000010001
1
1000010000010001
1
175
0001000100010010
1
0001000100010010
1
1000001000010010
1
1000001000010010
1
176
0001000010000010
1
0001000010000010
1
1000001000001001
1
1000001000001001
1
177
0001001001001001
1
0100100010000010
1
0001001001001001
1
0100100010000010
1
178
0001000001000001
1
0001000001000001
1
1000000100000010
1
1000000100000010
1
179
0000100100100010
1
0000100100100010
1
1000000010000001
1
1000000010000001
1
180
0000100100010001
1
0000100100010001
1
0100100100001001
1
0100100100001001
1
181
0001000100001001
1
0100100000100000
2
0001000100001001
1
0100100000100000
2
182
0000100010010010
1
0000100010010010
1
0100010010001001
1
0100010010001001
1
183
0000100001000010
1
0000100001000010
1
0100001001001001
1
0100001001001001
1
184
0000100010001001
1
0100010010000100
3
0000100010001001
1
0100010010000100
3
185
0000100000100001
1
0000100000100001
1
1001000000100000
2
1001000000100000
2
186
0000010010010001
1
0000010010010001
1
1000100100001000
2
1000100100001000
2
187
0000010000100010
1
0000010000100010
1
1000100010000100
2
1000100010000100
2
188
0000010001001001
1
0100100001000001
1
0000010001001001
1
0100100001000001
1
189
0000010000010001
1
0000010000010001
1
1000100000010000
2
1000100000010000
2
190
0000001001001000
2
0100010010000100
2
1000010010001000
2
0100010010000100
2
191
0000001000100100
2
0100010000010000
2
1000010001000100
2
0100010000010000
2
192
0000001000000100
2
0100001001000100
2
1000010000001000
2
0100001001000100
2
- 118 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word
Next
lsb
State
msb
State 2 Code Word msb
lsb
State 3 Next State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
Next State
193
0010010010001000
2
0100010000010000
3
0010010010001000
2
0100010000010000
3
194
0010010001000100
2
0010010001000100
2
1000001001001000
2
1000001001001000
2
195
0010010000001000
2
0100010010010010
1
0010010000001000
2
0100010010010010
1
196
0010001000100100
2
0010001000100100
2
1000001000100100
2
1000001000100100
2
197
0010001000000100
2
0010001000000100
2
1000001000000100
2
1000001000000100
2
198
0010001001001000
2
0100010001000010
1
0010001001001000
2
0100010001000010
1
199
0001001001000100
2
0001001001000100
2
0100001000001000
2
0100001000001000
2
200
0001000100100100
2
0001000100100100
2
1001000000100000
3
1001000000100000
3
201
0001000100000100
2
0001000100000100
2
1000100100001000
3
1000100100001000
3
202
0001001000001000
2
0100010000100001
1
0001001000001000
2
0100010000100001
1
203
0001000000100000
2
0001000000100000
2
1000100010000100
3
1000100010000100
3
204
0000100010000100
2
0000100010000100
2
1000010010001000
3
1000010010001000
3
205
0000100000010000
2
0000100000010000
2
1000010001000100
3
1000010001000100
3
206
0000100100001000
2
0100001000100010
1
0000100100001000
2
0100001000100010
1
207
0000010010001000
2
0100001000010001
1
0000010010001000
2
0100001000010001
1
208
0000010001000100
2
0000010001000100
2
1000001000100100
3
1000001000100100
3
209
0000010000001000
2
0100000100010010
1
0000010000001000
2
0100000100010010
1
210
0000001000000100
3
0100000010000010
1
1000010000001000
3
0100000010000010
1
211
0000001000100100
3
0100000100100100
2
1000001001001000
3
0100000100100100
2
212
0000001001001000
3
0100000100000100
2
1000001000000100
3
0100000100000100
2
213
0000010000001000
3
0100000001000001
1
0000010000001000
3
0100000001000001
1
214
0000010001000100
3
0000010001000100
3
0100001000001000
3
0100001000001000
3
215
0000010010001000
3
0100000000100000
2
0000010010001000
3
0100000000100000
2
216
0000100000010000
3
0000100000010000
3
1001001000010000
3
1001001000010000
3
217
0000100010000100
3
0000100010000100
3
1001000100000100
3
1001000100000100
3
218
0000100100001000
3
0100000100000100
3
0000100100001000
3
0100000100000100
3
219
0001000000100000
3
0001000000100000
3
0100000100001001
1
0100000100001001
1
220
0001000100000100
3
0001000100000100
3
1001001000010000
2
1001001000010000
2
221
0001000100100100
3
0001000100100100
3
1001000100001000
2
1001000100001000
2
222
0001001000001000
3
0100000100100100
3
0001001000001000
3
0100000100100100
3
223
0001001001000100
3
0001001001000100
3
1001001000001000
3
1001001000001000
3
224
0010001000000100
3
0010001000000100
3
1000100000010000
3
1000100000010000
3
225
0010001000100100
3
0010001000100100
3
1001001001000010
1
1001001001000010
1
226
0010001001001000
3
0100001001000100
3
0010001001001000
3
0100001001000100
3
227
0010010000001000
3
0100100100000100
3
0010010000001000
3
0100100100000100
3
228
0010010001000100
3
0010010001000100
3
1001000100001000
3
1001000100001000
3
229
0010010010001000
3
0100000000100000
3
0010010010001000
3
0100000000100000
3
230
0010000001000000
4
0010000001000000
4
1001001000100001
1
1001001000100001
1
231
0000001001001001
1
0100100100100010
1
1001000100100010
1
0100100100100010
1
232
0000001000100010
1
0100100010000100
2
1001000100010001
1
0100100010000100
2
233
0000001000010001
1
0100100000010000
2
1001000010010010
1
0100100000010000
2
234
0000000100010010
1
0100000001000000
4
1001000010001001
1
0100000001000000
4
235
0000000100001001
1
0100100100010001
1
1001000001000010
1
0100100100010001
1
236
0000000010000010
1
0100100010010010
1
1001000000100001
1
0100100010010010
1
237
0000000001000001
1
0100100001000010
1
1000100100100001
1
0100100001000010
1
238
0010010000010010
1
0010010000010010
1
1000100010010001
1
1000100010010001
1
239
0010001000000010
1
0010001000000010
1
1001000010000100
3
1001000010000100
3
240
0010010000001001
1
0100100010000100
3
0010010000001001
1
0100100010000100
3
241
0010000100000001
1
0010000100000001
1
1001000010000100
2
1001000010000100
2
- 119 -
Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (concluded) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 3 Next State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
Next State
242
0001001000010010
1
0001001000010010
1
1000000010000000
4
1000000010000000
4
243
0001000100000010
1
0001000100000010
1
1000100001001001
1
1000100001001001
1
244
0001001000001001
1
0100100000100001
1
0001001000001001
1
0100100000100001
1
245
0001000010000001
1
0001000010000001
1
1000100000100010
1
1000100000100010
1
246
0000100100010010
1
0000100100010010
1
1000100000010001
1
1000100000010001
1
247
0000100010000010
1
0000100010000010
1
1000010000010010
1
1000010000010010
1
248
0000100100001001
1
0100010010010001
1
0000100100001001
1
0100010010010001
1
249
0000100001000001
1
0000100001000001
1
1000010000001001
1
1000010000001001
1
250
0000010010010010
1
0000010010010010
1
1000001000000010
1
1000001000000010
1
251
0000010001000010
1
0000010001000010
1
1000000100000001
1
1000000100000001
1
252
0000010010001001
1
0100010000100010
1
0000010010001001
1
0100010000100010
1
253
0000010000100001
1
0000010000100001
1
0100100010001001
1
0100100010001001
1
254
0000001001000100
2
0100010000010001
1
1001000000010000
2
0100010000010001
1
255
0000001000001000
2
0100001000010010
1
1000100100010000
2
0100001000010010
1
- 120 -
Table G.2 - Substitution table 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
State 3 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
Next lsb
State
0
0000010010000000
4
0000010010000000
4
0100100001001000
2
0100100001001000
2
1
0000100100000000
4
0000100100000000
4
0100100001001000
3
0100100001001000
3
2
0001001000000000
4
0001001000000000
4
0100100000001001
1
0100100000001001
1
3
0000001001000000
4
0100010000000001
1
1000001000000000
4
0100010000000001
1
4
0000000100100000
3
0100100000000010
1
1001000000000100
3
0100100000000010
1
5
0000000010010000
3
0100001000000000
4
1001000000100100
3
0100001000000000
4
6
0000000001001000
3
0100100000000100
2
1001000001001000
3
0100100000000100
2
7
0000000001001000
2
0100000100000000
4
1001000000000100
2
0100000100000000
4
8
0000000010010000
2
0100100010010000
3
1001000000100100
2
0100100010010000
3
9
0000000100100000
2
0100100000100100
2
1001000001001000
2
0100100000100100
2
10
0000010001000000
4
0000010001000000
4
1001001001000000
4
1001001001000000
4
11
0000100010000000
4
0000100010000000
4
1000100001001000
3
1000100001001000
3
12
0001000100000000
4
0001000100000000
4
0100010001001000
3
0100010001001000
3
13
0010001000000000
4
0010001000000000
4
1000100000000100
3
1000100000000100
3
14
0000001000100000
3
0100100000000100
3
1001000010010000
3
0100100000000100
3
15
0000000100010000
3
0100100010010000
2
1001000100100000
3
0100100010010000
2
16
0000000010001000
3
0100001000000001
1
0100100000001000
3
0100001000000001
1
17
0000000001000100
3
0100010000000010
1
0100100010001000
3
0100010000000010
1
18
0000000001000100
2
0100100000100100
3
1001000010010000
2
0100100000100100
3
19
0000000010001000
2
0100100100100000
3
1001000100100000
2
0100100100100000
3
20
0000000100010000
2
0100100100100000
2
0100010001001000
2
0100100100100000
2
21
0000001000100000
2
0100100000010010
1
0100100000001000
2
0100100000010010
1
22
0000010010000001
1
0000010010000001
1
1000100000100100
3
1000100000100100
3
23
0000100100000001
1
0000100100000001
1
1000100010010000
3
1000100010010000
3
24
0001001000000001
1
0001001000000001
1
0100100010001000
2
0100100010001000
2
25
0010010000000001
1
0010010000000001
1
1000100000000100
2
1000100000000100
2
26
0000000001001001
1
0100010000000100
3
1000010000000001
1
0100010000000100
3
27
0000000010010001
1
0100000100000001
1
1000100000000010
1
0100000100000001
1
28
0000000100100001
1
0100010000000100
2
1001000000001001
1
0100010000000100
2
29
0000001001000001
1
0100001000000010
1
1001000000010010
1
0100001000000010
1
30
0000100001000000
4
0000100001000000
4
1000100000100100
2
1000100000100100
2
31
0001000010000000
4
0001000010000000
4
1000100001001000
2
1000100001001000
2
32
0010000100000000
4
0010000100000000
4
0100010000001001
1
0100010000001001
1
33
0000010000100000
3
0000010000100000
3
0100100001001001
1
0100100001001001
1
34
0000001000010000
3
0100010000010010
1
1000100100100000
3
0100010000010010
1
35
0000000100001000
3
0100100000010001
1
1001000000001000
3
0100100000010001
1
36
0000000010000100
3
0100000010000000
4
1001000001000100
3
0100000010000000
4
37
0000010000100000
2
0000010000100000
2
1000001000000001
1
1000001000000001
1
38
0000000010000100
2
0100010000100100
3
1000100010010000
2
0100010000100100
3
39
0000000100001000
2
0100010000100100
2
1000100100100000
2
0100010000100100
2
40
0000001000010000
2
0100100000100010
1
1001000000001000
2
0100100000100010
1
41
0000010001000001
1
0000010001000001
1
1000010000000010
1
1000010000000010
1
42
0000010010000010
1
0000010010000010
1
1000000100000000
4
1000000100000000
4
43
0000100010000001
1
0000100010000001
1
1001000001000100
2
1001000001000100
2
44
0000100100000010
1
0000100100000010
1
1000100000001001
1
1000100000001001
1
45
0001000100000001
1
0001000100000001
1
1001000010001000
3
1001000010001000
3
46
0001001000000010
1
0001001000000010
1
1001000100010000
3
1001000100010000
3
- 121 -
Table G.2 - Substitution table (concluded) 8-bit
State 1
byte
Code Word msb
State 2 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
lsb
State 3 Next State
Code Word msb
State 4 Next
lsb
State
Code Word msb
Next lsb
State
47
0010001000000001
1
0010001000000001
1
1000100000010010
1
1000100000010010
1
48
0010010000000010
1
0010010000000010
1
0100010000001000
3
0100010000001000
3
49
0000000001000010
1
0100100010010001
1
1001000000010001
1
0100100010010001
1
50
0000000010001001
1
0100100001000100
3
1001000000100010
1
0100100001000100
3
51
0000000010010010
1
0100010010010000
3
1001000001001001
1
0100010010010000
3
52
0000000100010001
1
0100010010010000
2
1001000010010001
1
0100010010010000
2
53
0000000100100010
1
0100100001000100
2
1001000100100001
1
0100100001000100
2
54
0000001000100001
1
0100100100100001
1
1001001001000001
1
0100100100100001
1
55
0000001001000010
1
0100100100010000
3
0100001000001001
1
0100100100010000
3
56
0001000001000000
4
0001000001000000
4
1001001000100000
3
1001001000100000
3
57
0010000010000000
4
0010000010000000
4
1001000010001000
2
1001000010001000
2
58
0010010010010000
3
0010010010010000
3
1001000100010000
2
1001000100010000
2
59
0010010001001000
3
0100100100010000
2
0010010001001000
3
0100100100010000
2
60
0010010000100100
3
0010010000100100
3
1001001000100000
2
1001001000100000
2
61
0010010000000100
3
0010010000000100
3
0100001001001000
2
0100001001001000
2
62
0001001001001000
3
0100000010000001
1
0001001001001000
3
0100000010000001
1
63
0001001000100100
3
0001001000100100
3
0100001001001000
3
0100001001001000
3
64
0001001000000100
3
0001001000000100
3
0100010010001000
3
0100010010001000
3
65
0000100100100100
3
0000100100100100
3
0100100100001000
3
0100100100001000
3
66
0000100100000100
3
0000100100000100
3
1000010000000100
3
1000010000000100
3
67
0000100000100000
3
0000100000100000
3
1000010000100100
3
1000010000100100
3
68
0000010010000100
3
0000010010000100
3
1000010001001000
3
1000010001001000
3
69
0000010000010000
3
0000010000010000
3
1000010010010000
3
1000010010010000
3
70
0000001001000100
3
0100001000000100
2
1000100000001000
3
0100001000000100
2
71
0000001000001000
3
0100100000010000
3
1000100010001000
3
0100100000010000
3
72
0000000100100100
3
0100010001000100
3
1000100100010000
3
0100010001000100
3
73
0000000100000100
3
0100001000100100
3
1001000000010000
3
0100001000100100
3
74
0000010000010000
2
0000010000010000
2
1000100001000100
3
1000100001000100
3
75
0001001001001000
2
0100001000000100
3
0001001001001000
2
0100001000000100
3
76
0000010010000100
2
0000010010000100
2
0100010000001000
2
0100010000001000
2
77
0000100000100000
2
0000100000100000
2
0100010010001000
2
0100010010001000
2
78
0010010001001000
2
0100000100000010
1
0010010001001000
2
0100000100000010
1
79
0000100100000100
2
0000100100000100
2
0100100100001000
2
0100100100001000
2
80
0000100100100100
2
0000100100100100
2
1000010000000100
2
1000010000000100
2
81
0001001000000100
2
0001001000000100
2
1000010000100100
2
1000010000100100
2
82
0001001000100100
2
0001001000100100
2
1000010001001000
2
1000010001001000
2
83
0010010000000100
2
0010010000000100
2
1000010010010000
2
1000010010010000
2
84
0010010000100100
2
0010010000100100
2
1000100000001000
2
1000100000001000
2
85
0010010010010000
2
0010010010010000
2
0100010001001001
1
0100010001001001
1
86
0000000100000100
2
0100001000100100
2
1000100001000100
2
0100001000100100
2
87
0000000100100100
2
0100010001000100
2
1000100010001000
2
0100010001000100
2
- 122 -
Annex H ( n o r m a t i ve )
Definition of the write pulse The wave forms of the NRZI signal and the shape of light-pulse shall be as shown in Figure H.1.
Figure H.1 - The wave form of the Write pulse - 123 -
Table H.1 - The range of each parameter
Common parameter Adaptive control parameters Parameter definition case 1 Parameter definition case 2
Paramete r
Range
Parameter
Range
TLC
+1,0T to +2,5T
TMP
0,5T
TSFP
−0,5T to +1,0T
TELP
0,0T to +1,5T
Values are variable according to NRZI signal combination.
+1,0T to +2,0T +0,5T to +1,5T +1,0T to +2,5T −1,0T to +0,5T
Physical Format Information data for TFP shall be ignored. Physical Format Information data for TLP shall be ignored. Physical Format Information data for TEFP shall be ignored. Physical Format Information data for TSLP shall be ignored.
TEFP TSLP TFP TLP
+1,0T to +2,5T −1,0T to +0,5T +1,0T to +2,0T +0,5T to +1,5T
TEFP − TSLP TELP − TSLP TSFP + TFP TELP − TLP
Note
T is the channel clock period.
Figure H.2 - Definition of the light-pulse shape
- 124 -
Pp : Given Peak power Pb1 : Given Bias power 1 Pb2 : Given Bias power 2 Figure H.3 - Definition of the average Peak power, the average Bias power1, the average Bias power2 and the mean power of the multiple pulse chain
- 125 -
- 126 -
Annex J ( n o r ma t i ve )
Burst Cutting Area (BCA) J.1 General The Burst Cutting Area is an optional feature. If implemented, it shall meet the requirement of this Annex. The purpose of the code recorded in the BCA is to provide a link between the content of a disk and the software to be used with that disk. Therefore, only the structure of this code is specified in this Annex and not the content of the data bytes. The latter is to be supplied by the content provider of the disk. The BCA code can be the same for a series of disks or unique for each disk, for instance if it specifies a serial number. The BCA code is recorded after the end of the disk manufacturing process. The BCA code shall be readable by means of the Optical Head specified in 9.1.
J.2 Location of the BCA The BCA is an annular area that shall extend between diameters D min and D max +0,0 mm
D min = 44,6 mm
- 0,8 mm +0,1 mm
D max = 47,0 mm
-0,1 mm
If the BCA is implemented, the start of the Lead-in Zone shall not exceed a diameter equal to 44,5 mm.
Figure J.1 - Burst Cutting Area
J.3 Writing form The BCA code shall be written with a series of low reflectance stripes arranged in circumferential direction and extending radially between R max and R min , see Figure J.1. - 127 -
J.4 Modulation method Data intended for the BCA code shall be encoded by phase encoding according to which a ZERO bit is represented by two Channel bits set to ONE ZERO and a ONE bit by two Channel bits set to ZERO ONE. The sequence of Channel bits shall be modulated according to the Return-to-Zero modulation method (see Figure J.4). The low reflectance stripes shall be formed corresponding to pulses after the RZ modulation. They shall not exceed half the width of a Channel bit.
J.5 BCA code structure The BCA code shall consist of a Preamble, a Data Field and a Postamble.
Figure J.2 - BCA Code Structure
J.5.1 BCA Preamble The BCA Preamble shall consist of 4 bytes PR 0 to PR 3 set to (00) preceded by a BCA Sync byte identified as SB BCA . - 128 -
J.5.2 BCA Data Field The Data field of the BCA shall consist of
−
(16 × n) - 4 information bytes I0 , I1 ....I16n-5
−
where n is an integer such that 1 ≤ n ≤12
−
4 bytes D0 , D 1 , D 2 and D 3 of an error detection code EDC BCA
−
16 bytes Ci,j of an error correction code ECC BCA recorded in the order C 0,0 to C 3,0 ; C 0,1 to C 3,1 ; C 0,2 to C 3,2 and C 0,3 to C 3,3
−
a Resync byte RSBCAi shall be inserted before each 4-byte row of Ii bytes, changing every 4th row (see Figure J.3)
J.5.3 BCA Postamble The BCA Postamble shall consist of 4 bytes PO 0 to PO 3 set to (55) and preceded by Resync byte RSBCA14 and followed by Resync byte RS BCA15 .
J.6 Error Detection Code EDC BCA The 4 bytes D0 to D 3 shall follow the information bytes Ii. Polynomials EDC BCA (x) and IBCA (x) shall be as follows: 31 EDCBCA(x) = ∑ bi xi i=0 128n-1 IBCA(x) = ∑ bi xi i = 32 where, i is the bit number starting with 0 and incremented from the lsb of the last byte of EDCBCA toward the msb of the first byte of the information data, and bi represents the value of i-th bit. The polynomial EDC BCA (x) shall be calculated as follows: EDCBCA(x) = IBCA(x) mod G(x) where, G(x) = x 32 + x31 + x4 + 1
J.7 BCA Error Correction Code (ECC B C A ) A Reed-Solomon type ECC with 4-way interleaving shall be used for the information data and the BCA Error Detection Code. Polynomials RBCAj(X) and IBCAj(X) are defined as follows: 3 R BCAj (x) =
∑ Cj,i x3-i
i=0
- 129 -
4n-2 IBCAj (x) = ∑ I(j+4i) x 51-i + D j x 52-4n i=0 where, Im represents the value of the m-th information data byte and D k represents the value of k-th EDC BCA byte. The polynomial R BCAj(X) shall be calculated as follows: R BCAj(X) = IBCAj(X) mod GpBCA(X) 3 GpBCA (x) = Π ( x + αk ) k=0 where, α represents the root of the polynomial. Gp(X) = X8 + X4 + X3 + X2 + 1
J.8 BCA-Sync-Byte (SB B C A ) and BCA-Resync (RS B C A ) The BCA-Sync-Byte (SBB C A ) precedes the BCA-Preamble. The BCA-Resync (RSBCA ) shall be inserted before every 4 information bytes, before the EDCBCA , before the ECC BCA , and before and after the BCA-Postamble. The BCA-Sync-Byte and the BCA-Resync shall have patterns (Table J.1). Table J.1 - Bit pattern of BCA-Sync-Byte and BCA-Resync Sync Byte /Resync
Bit pattern Fixed pattern (Channel bit ) C 15 C 14 C 13 C 12 C 11 C 10 C 9 C 8
b3
Sync code (Data bit ) b2 b1
b0
SBBCA
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
RSBCA1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
RSBCA2 : : : RSBCAi
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
: : : 0
1
0
0
: : : RSBCA15
0
1
1
: : : i
0
: : : 0
1
0
0
: : : 0
1
1
0
Recorded in RZ modulation
- 130 -
1
1
Recorded in PE-RZ modulation
J.9 BCA signal specification J.9.1 Signals from BCA A reference circuit diagram for measuring the BCA signal is as shown in Figure J.3. During the measurement of the BCA signal, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the recording layer. The signal from Read channel 1 in the BCA area shall be filtered by a third order low pass Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 1,2 MHz (LPF B), amplified by an inverting amplifier and filtered by a high pass linear filter with a cut-off frequency of 14 kHz (HPF B). A binarized BCA signal is then produced by comparing the signal from the HPFB and the signal from a peak hold with a time constant of 320 µsec.
J.9.2 Signal specifications of the BCA signal The following specifications are specified between 22,40 mm and 23,30 mm from the center of the center hole. a) Modulated amplitude The average level of the signal from LPF B corresponding to a BCA-Code channel bit 0b (BCA space) is defined as IBS. The bottom level of the signal from LPF B corresponding to a BCACode channel bit 1b (BCA mark) is defined as I BM. The peak level of the signal from LPF B is defined as IBRmax. (Figure J.4). The above parameters shall satisfy the following specifications:
IBMmax
⎯⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 0,8 IBSmin
IBRmax ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ≤ 1,5 IBS b) The period of a BCA-Code channel bit The period of a BCA-Code channel bit shall be measured as the time period between leading edges of the binarized BCA signal. The period of a BCA-Code channel bit shall be 3,94 µsec at a rotation speed of 3246 rpm (54,10 Hz). The slice level for binarizing the BCA signal shall be set to the center of I BSmin and IBMmax of the signal form HPF B . c) Jitter The jitter is defined as the standard deviation σB of the time variation of the binarized BCA signal. The jitter between successive leading edges shall not exceed 8,5 %.
- 131 -
Figure J.3 - Circuit diagram for BCA signal measurement
- 132 -
Figure J.4 - Waveforms from the BCA signal
- 133 -
J.10 Logical format of information data The BCA-Data field has 16n-4 bytes of the information data I0 , I1 , … , I16n-5 as specified in J.5.2. This information data shall be recorded on a unit of BCA Record. The length of BCA Record shall be a multiple of 4. Each BCA Record shall consist of the BCA Record ID, the Version number field, a Data length field and a Record data field as shown in Table J.2, where m is a positive integer. Table J.2 – BCA Record format Relative Byte Position (RBP) 0 to 1 2 3 4 to 4m+3
Contents BCA Record ID Version number Data length Record data
Number of bytes 2 1 1 4m
RBP 0 to 1 – BCA Record ID This field shall be the BCA Record ID assigned uniquely for each BCA Record. RBP 2 – Version number This field shall be the Version number assigned for each BCA Record independently. RBP 3 – Data length This field shall specify the length of the Record data. RBP 4 to 4m+3 – Record data The length of this field shall be a multiple of 4 and shall contain the Record data only. The BCA Record ID shall be classified into two categories as shown in Table J.3. Table J.3 – Categories of the BCA Record ID BCA Record ID (0000) to (7FFF) (8000) to (FFFF)
Definition Assigned for authorized applications Assigned for notified applications
When two or more BCA Records are recorded in the BCA-Data field, each BCA Record shall have a different BCA Record ID and shall be recorded in ascending order of the BCA Record ID. The trailing ZEROs may be padded in order to achieve 16n-4 bytes of the Information data. An example of the Information data is shown in Table J.4. Table J.4 – An example of the Information data Byte position 0 to 11 12 to 31 32 to 43
Contents BCA Record No. 1 (Record data length is 8 bytes) BCA Record No. 2 (Record data length is 16 bytes) Trailing ZEROs
- 134 -
Number of bytes 12 20 12
Annex K ( i n f o r ma t i ve )
Guideline for randomization of the Gap length, the Guard 1 length and the recording polarity
Figure K.1 - Guideline for randomization of the Gap length, the Guard 1 length and the recording polarity
⊕ stands for Exclusive OR Figure K.2 - Example of a random signal generator
- 135 -
- 136 -
Annex L ( i n f o r m a t i ve )
Transportation L.1 General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world, it is not possible to specify mandatory conditions for transportation or for packaging.
L.2 Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in absence of such an agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take into account the following hazards:
L.2.1 Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.
L.2.2 Impact loads and vibrations Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the disk. Avoid dropping the disk. Disks should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock-absorbent material. The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.
- 137 -
- 138 -
Annex M ( i n f o r m a t i ve )
Guideline for sector replacement Clause 17 assumes that a defective sector will be replaced by the defect management. The followings are examples of the criteria which could be applied by the defect management. 1) Example 1 PID error: There are 3 or more erroneous PIDs within a sector. Row error: There are 4 or more erroneous bytes in a row of an ECC Block. Slipping Algorithm If a sector presents a PID error, it should be replaced. If a sector presents 4 or more row errors, it should be replaced. If an ECC Block presents 6 or more row errors, then enough sectors should be slipped so as to reduce the number of row errors in the ECC Block to less than 6. Linear Replacement Algorithm If an ECC Block presents 1 or more sectors containing a PID error, then the whole ECC Block should be replaced. If an ECC Block presents 8 or more row errors, then the whole ECC Block should be replaced. 2) Example 2 PID error:
There are 4 erroneous PIDs within a sector.
Row error: There are 4 or more erroneous bytes in a row of an ECC Block. Slipping replacement algorithm If a sector contains a PID error, then it should be replaced. If a sector contains 4 or more row errors, then it should be replaced. If an ECC Block contains 6 or more row errors, then enough sectors should be slipped so as to reduce the number of row errors in the ECC Block to less than 6. Linear Replacement Algorithm If an ECC Block contains 2 or more sectors with a PID error, then the whole ECC Block should be replaced. If an ECC Block contains 8 or more row errors, then the whole ECC Block should be replaced.
- 139 -
- 140 -