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ECMA-279 — 80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable disk (DVD-R) (December 1998)

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Standard ECMA-279 Dec em ber 1998

Standardizing Information and Communication Systems

80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R)

P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / www. e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h

Standard ECMA-279 D e c e mb e r 1 9 9 8

Standardizing Information and Communication Systems

80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R)

P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / www. e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h MB Ecma-279.doc

21-12-98 14,33

Brief History

ECMA Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC23 toward the development of International Standards for optical disks with a diameter of 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm and 356 mm. Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by ECMA, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards. The following ECMA Standards for 120 mm have been published by ECMA and adopted by ISO/IEC JTC1.

ECMA-130 ISO/IEC 10149

Data Interchange on Read-only 120 mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM)

ECMA-240 ISO/IEC 15485

Data Interchange on 120 mm Optical Disk Cartridges Using Phase Change PD Format - Capacity 650 Mbytes per Cartridge

ECMA-267 ISO/IEC 16448

120 mm DVD-Read-Only Disk

ECMA-272 ISO/IEC 16824

120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)

ECMA-273 ISO/IEC 16825

Case for 120 mm DVD-RAM Disks

ECMA-274 ISO/IEC 16969

Data Interchange on 120 mm Optical Disk using +RW Format Capacity : 3,0 Gbytes and 6,0 Gbytes

An 80 mm version DVD-Read-Only disk is also standardized (see Standard ECMA-268, ISO/IEC 16449). In October 1997 a project for a DVD Recordable disk (DVD-R) was adopted by ECMA. This work has led to the present Standard ECMA-xxx. It specifies two different sizes: 80 mm and 120 mm. Disks in either size can be single or double sided with a nominal capacity of 3,95 Gbytes per side for the 120 mm size and 1,23 Gbytes for the 80 mm size. It is expected that a corresponding International Standard will be proposed for adoption by ISO/IEC JTC1. ECMA has also developed and published Standard ECMA-167 for volume and file structure applicable to optical disks so as the provide full data interchange between data processing systems.

This ECMA Standard has been adopted by the ECMA General Assembly of December 1998.

- i -

Table of contents Page Section 1 - General

1 Scope

2 Conformance

2.1 Optical Disk 2.2 Generating system 2.3 Receiving system

1 1 1

3 Reference

4 Definitions

4.1 Adhesive layer 4.2 Channel bit 4.3 Clamping Zone 4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV) 4.5 Disk Reference Plane 4.6 Dummy substrate 4.7 Entrance surface 4.8 Groove 4.9 Land 4.10 Optical disk 4.11 Physical sector number 4.12 Read-only disk 4.13 Recording layer 4.14 Reed-Solomon code 4.15 Reserved field 4.16 Sector 4.17 Space 4.18 Substrate 4.19 Track 4.20 Track pitch 4.21 Zone

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

5 Conventions and notations

5.1 Representation of numbers 5.2 Names

3 3

6 List of acronyms

6.1 General

7 General description

8 General requirements

8.1 Environments

8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment

5 5 5

- ii -

8.1.4 Transportation

8.2 Safety requirements 8.3 Flammability

6 6

9 Reference measurement devices

9.1 Pick Up Head (PUH)

9.1.1 PUH for measuring recorded disks 9.1.2 PUH for measuring unrecorded disks

6 7

9.2 Measurement conditions

9.2.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk 9.2.2 Recorded disk 9.2.3 Unrecorded disk

8 8 8

9.3 Normalized servo transfer function 9.4 Reference servo for axial tracking 9.5 Reference servo for radial tracking

8 8 9

Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk

10 Dimensional characteristics

10.1 Overall dimensions 10.2 First transition area 10.3 Second transition area 10.4 Clamping Zone 10.5 Third transition area 10.6 R-Information Zone

12 12 12 12 13 13

10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the R-Information Zone

10.7 Information Zone

10.7.1 Sub-divisions of the Information zone

10.8 Track geometry 10.9 Channel bit length 10.10 Rim area 10.11 Remark on tolerances 10.12 Label

14 14 14 15 15

11 Mechanical parameters

11.1 Mass 11.2 Moment of inertia 11.3 Dynamic imbalance 11.4 Sense of rotation 11.5 Runout

15 15 15 15 15

11.5.1 Axial runout 11.5.2 Radial runout

15 15

12 Optical parameters

12.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk parameters

12.1.1 Index of refraction 12.1.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate 12.1.3 Angular deviation 12.1.4 Birefringence of the transparent substrate

16 16 16 16

12.2 Recorded disk reflectivity 12.3 Unrecorded disk parameters

17 17

- iii -

12.3.1 Polarity of reflectivity modulation 12.3.2 Recording power sensitivity variation

17 17

Section 3 - Operational signals

13 Operational signals for recorded disk

13.1 Measurement conditions 13.2 Read conditions 13.3 Recorded disk high frequency (HF) signals

17 17 17

13.3.1 Modulated amplitude 13.3.2 Signal asymmetry 13.3.3 Cross-track signal

17 18 18

13.4 Quality of signals

13.4.1 Jitter 13.4.2 Random errors 13.4.3 Defects

18 18 18

13.5 Servo signals

13.5.1 Differential phase tracking error signal

14 Operational signals for the unrecorded disk

14.1 Measurement conditions 14.2 Recording conditions 14.3 Basic write strategy for media testing 14.4 Servo signals

20 21 21 21

14.4.1 Radial push-pull tracking error signal 14.4.2 Cross-track signal before recording (Radial Contrast = RC) 14.4.3 Defects

21 22 23

14.5 Addressing signals

14.5.1 Land Pre-pit signal 14.5.2 Groove wobble signal 14.5.3 Relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-pit

24 24 25

Section 4 - Data format

15 General

16 Data Frames

16.1 Identification Data (ID) 16.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 16.3 Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI) 16.4 Error Detection Code (EDC)

26 27 27 27

17 Scrambled Frames

18 ECC Block configuration

19 Recording Frames

20 Modulation

- iv -

21 Physical Sectors

22 Suppress control of the d.c. component

23 Linking scheme

23.1 Linking sector 23.2 Linking loss area

33 33

23.2.1 Padding sectors

Section 5 - Format of the Information Zone

24 General description of the Information Zone

24.1 Layout of the Information Zone 24.2 Physical sector numbering

35 35

25 Lead-in Zone and Lead-out Zone

25.1 Lead-in Zone

25.1.1 Initial Zone 25.1.2 Reference Code Zone 25.1.3 Buffer Zone 1 25.1.4 Buffer Zone 2

36 37 37 37

25.2 Control Data Zone

25.2.1 Physical format information 25.2.2 Disk manufacturing information 25.2.3 Reserved

37 39 39

25.3 Lead-out Zone

Section 6 - Format of the Unrecorded Zone

26 General description of the Unrecorded Zone

26.1 Layout of the Unrecorded Zone 26.2 ECC block address 26.3 ECC block numbering

39 40 40

27 Pre-pit Data format

27.1 General description 27.2 Pre-pit block structure 27.3 Pre-pit data block configuration

40 43 44

27.3.1 Relative address 27.3.2 ECC block address data configuration 27.3.3 Parity A and Parity B 27.3.4 Field ID0 27.3.5 Field ID1 27.3.6 Field ID2 27.3.7 Field ID3 to Field ID5

45 46 46 46 47 49 51

28 Data structure of R-Information Zone

28.1 Layout of Power Calibration Area and Recording Management Area 28.2 Structure of the Power Calibration Area 28.3 Data configuration of the Recording Management Area (RMA)

53 53 54

- v -

28.3.1 Sector format of the Recording Management Area (figure 59) 28.3.2 Recording Management Data (RMD)

54 55

Annex A - Measurement of the angular deviation

Annex B - Measurement of birefringence

Annex C - Measurement of the differential phase tracking error

Annex D - Measurement of light reflectance

Annex E - Tapered cone for disk clamping

Annex F - Measurement of jitter

Annex G - 8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements

Annex H - Border Zone

Annex J - Optimum Power Control

Annex K - Wavelength dependency

Annex L - Light fastness of the disk

Annex M - Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude

Annex N - Measurement methods for the operational signals for an unrecorded disk

101

Annex P - Variation of the Write Strategy

103

Annex Q - Measurement method of the Land Pre-Pit signal

105

Annex R - Note on the Reference Code

107

Annex S - Running OPC

109

Annex T - Transportation

111

- vi -

Section 1 - General 1

Scope This ECMA Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of an 80 mm and a 120 mm DVD Recordable disk to enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the pre-recorded, unrecorded and the recorded signals, the format of the data, the format of the information zone, the format of the unrecorded zone, and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. This disk is identified as a DVD - Recordable (DVD-R) disk. Once data has been recorded on a DVD-R disk it cannot be modified. It can be read many times. Further data may be appended. This ECMA Standard specifies

80 mm and 120 mm nominal diameter disks that may be either single or double sided, the conditions for conformance, the environments in which the disk is to be operated and stored, the mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing systems,

the format of the pre-recorded information on an unrecorded disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used,

the format of the data and the recorded information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used,

the characteristics of the signals from pre-recorded and unrecorded areas on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the pre-recorded information and to write to the disks,

the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk. This ECMA Standard provides for interchange of disks between disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical Disk A claim of conformance shall specify the type of the disk, i.e. its size and whether it is single-sided or double sided. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements specified for this type.

2.2

Generating system A generating system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance with 2.1.

2.3

Receiving system A receiving system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle an optical disk according to 2.1.

Reference The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECMA Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subjected to revision, and parties to agreements based on this ECMA Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards listed below. ECMA-129 (1994)

Information Technology Equipment – Safety

ISO -105-B02

Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test

- 2 -

Definitions For the purpose of this ECMA Standard the following definitions apply.

4.1

Adhesive layer A layer of adhesive material bonding together the two parts of the disk.

4.2

Channel bit The elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the disk by marks.

4.3

Clamping Zone The annular part of the disk within which a clamping force is applied by a clamping device.

4.4

Digital Sum Value (DSV) The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to bits set to ONE and the decimal value –1 to bits set to ZERO.

4.5

Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.6

Dummy substrate A layer which may be transparent or not, that is provided for the mechanical support of the disk and/or of a recorded layer.

4.7

Entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.

4.8

Groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The recording is made on the centre of the groove.

4.9

Land The area between the grooves.

4.10

Optical disk A disk that accepts and retains information in the form of recorded marks in a recording layer and that can be read by an optical beam.

4.11

Physical sector number A serial number allocated to the physical sectors on the disk.

4.12

Read-only disk An optical disk in which the information has been recorded during manufacture of the disk. The information cannot be modified and can only be read from the disk.

4.13

Recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is recorded.

4.14

Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code for the correction of errors.

4.15

Reserved field A field set to all ZEROs unless otherwise stated, and reserved for future standardization.

4.16

Sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the information zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts.

- 3 -

4.17

Space The area in a track between successive marks

4.18

Substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording or recorded layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording or recorded layer.

4.19

Track A 360 turn of a continuous spiral.

4.20

Track pitch The distance between adjacent average physical track centrelines of the wobbled grooves for the unrecorded disk, or between adjacent physical track centrelines of the train of recorded marks for the recorded disk, measured in the radial direction.

4.21

Zone An annular area of the disk.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9. Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE. Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to the left. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement. In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b(8n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b0 the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b(8n-1) is recorded first.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, areas, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.

6 6.1

List of acronyms General BP BPF CLV CPR_MAI DSV ECC EDC HF ID IED LPF LSB MSB

Byte Position Band Pass Filter Constant Linear Velocity Copyright Management Information Digital Sum Value Error Correction Code Error Detection Code High Frequency Identification Data ID Error Detection (code) Low-Pass Filter Least Significant Byte Most Significant Byte

- 4 -

NRZI OPC PBS PCA PI PO PUH RMA RMD RS SYNC Code lsb msb

Non Return to Zero Inverted Optimum Power Control Polarizing Beam Splitter Power Calibration Area Parity (of the) Inner (code) Parity (of the) Outer (code) Pick-Up Head Recording Management Area Recording Management Data Reed-Solomon (code) Synchronization Code least significant bit most significant bit

General description The 80 mm and 120 mm optical disks that are the subject of this ECMA Standard consist of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer (single-sided disk) or recording layers (double-sided disk) are on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently read. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. The DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R) may be either double-sided or single-sided with respect to the number of recording layers. A double-sided disk has a recording layer on the inside of each substrate. A single-sided disk has one substrate with the recording layer on the inside and a dummy substrate without a recording layer. An unrecorded DVD-R disk provides for the data to be irreversibly written by a drive. A recorded disk provides for the data to be read many times by an optical beam of a drive. A recorded DVD-R disk is equivalent to a DVD-Read - Only Disk. Figure 1 shows schematically a double-sided and a single-sided disk. Type 1S consists of a substrate, a single recording layer, an adhesive layer, and a dummy substrate. The recording layer can be accessed from one side only. The nominal capacity is 1,23 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk and 3,95 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk. Type 2S consists of two substrates, two recording layers, and an adhesive layer. From one side of the disk only one recording layer can be accessed. The nominal capacity is 2,26 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk and 7,9 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk.

Entrance surface Substrate Recording layer

Type 1S

Adhesive layer Dummy substrate Entrance surface Substrate Recording layer

Type 2S

Adhesive layer Recording layer Substrate

Entrance surface 97-0122-A

Figure 1 - Disk outline

- 5 -

General requirements

8.1

Environments

8.1.1

Test environment The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk has the following properties. a) For dimensional measurements temperature : relative humidity: atmospheric pressure:

23 C 2 C 45 % to 55 % 86 kPa to 106 kPa

b) For other measurements 15 C to 35 C 45 % to 75 % 86 kPa to 106 kPa

Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2 8.1.2.1

Operating environment Recorded and unrecorded disk This ECMA Standard requires that an optical disk which meets all mandatory requirements of this ECMA Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. Disks used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions, when mounted in the drive supplied with voltage and measured on the outside surface of the disk. The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the operating environment for at least two hours before operating. temperature: relative humidity: absolute humidity: temperature gradient: relative humidity gradient:

-25 C to 70 C 3 % to 95 % 0,5 g/m3 to 60 g/m3 15 C/h max. 10 %/h max.

There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk. 8.1.2.2

Unrecorded disk environmental conditions during recording The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the recording environment for at least two hours before operating. temperature: relative humidity: absolute humidity:

-5 C to 55 C 10 % to 95 % 0,5 g/m3 to 30 g/m3

There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk. 8.1.3

Storage environment The storage environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk shall have the following properties. temperature: relative humidity: absolute humidity: atmospheric pressure: temperature variation: relative humidity variation:

-20 C to 50 C 5 % to 90 % 1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3 75 kPa to 106 kPa 15 C /h max. 10 %/h max.

Recorded and unrecorded disks shall be in conformance to clauses 12 and 14 after being subjected to the light fastness test. See annex L 8.1.4

Transportation This ECMA Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex T.

- 6 -

8.2

Safety requirements The disk shall satisfy the requirements of Standard ECMA-129, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information system.

8.3

Flammability The disk shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-129.

Reference measurement devices The reference measurement devices for recorded disks and for unrecorded disks shall be used for the measurements of optical parameters for conformance with this ECMA Standard. The critical components of these devices have specific properties defined in this clause.

9.1 9.1.1

Pick Up Head (PUH) PUH for measuring recorded disks The optical system for measuring the optical parameters is shown in figure 2. It shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of measurement. The combination of the polarizing beam splitter C with the quarter-wave plate D separates the incident optical beam and the beam reflected by the optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity/reflectance ratio of at least 100. Optics G generates an astigmatic difference and collimates the light reflected by the recorded layer of the optical disk F for astigmatic focusing and read-out. The position of the quadrant photo detector H shall be adjusted so that the light spot becomes a circle the centre of which coincides with the centre of the quadrant photo detector H when the objective lens is focused on the recorded layer. An example of such a photo detector H is shown in figure 2.

Ia, Ib, Ic, Id

Read Channel

b G Quadrant photo detector H

97-0019-A

A Laser diode B Collimator lens C Polarizing beam splitter D Quarter-wave plate E Objective lens

F Optical disk G Optics for the astigmatic focusing method H Quadrant photo detector Ia, Ib, Ic, Id Output currents from the quadrant photo detector J d.c. coupled amplifier

Figure 2 - Optical system of PUH for measuring Recorded disk The characteristics of the PUH shall be as follows.

- 7 -

9.1.2

Wavelength ()

650 nm ± 5 nm

Polarization

circularly polarized light

Polarizing beam splitter

shall be used unless otherwise stated

Numerical aperture

0,60 ± 0,01

Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

60 % to 70 % of the maximum intensity level in radial direction, and over 90 % of the maximum intensity level in the tangential direction

Wave front aberration

0,033 rms max.

Relative intensity noise (RIN) 10 log [(a.c. light power density / Hz) / d.c. light power ]

-134 dB/Hz max.

PUH for measuring unrecorded disks The optical system for measuring the parameters is shown in figure 3. The optical system shall be used to measure the unrecorded disk specifications and for the recordings that are necessary for disk measurements. Different components and locations of the components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as the set-up in figure 3. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.

H 1

Radial direction

+ +

Quadrant photo detector G

Ia Ib Ic I

Read Channel 1

+ +

Read Channel 2 Tracking Channel

+ +

H 3

I 1

I 2

97-0123-A

A B C D

Laser diode Collimator lens Polarizing beam splitter Quarter-wave plate

Objective lens

F G H1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 I a, I b , I c, I d

Optical disk Quadrant photo detector d.c.-coupled amplifier Output currents from the quadrant photo detector

Figure 3 - Optical system of PUH for measuring unrecorded disks The combination of polarizing beam splitter C and a quarter-wave plate D shall separate the entrance optical beam from a laser diode A and the reflected optical beam from an optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100.

- 8 -

The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties:

9.2

Wavelength ()

635 nm ± 5 nm

Polarization

circularly polarized light

Numerical aperture

0,60 ± 0,01

Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

Over 35 % of the maximum intensity level in the radial direction and over 50 % of the maximum intensity level in the tangential direction

Wave front aberration

0,033 rms max.

Relative intensity noise (RIN) of the laser diode 10 log [(a.c. light power density /Hz) / d.c. light power ]

- 130 dB/Hz max.

Measurement conditions

9.2.1

Recorded and unrecorded disk Scanning velocity at a Channel bit rate of 26,15625 Mbit/s Clamping force Clamping Zone Tapered cone angle

9.2.2

3,84 m/s 0,03 m/s 2,0 N 0,5 N See 10.5 and annex A. 40,0± 0,5° see annex E

Recorded disk The measuring conditions for the recorded disk operational signals shall be as specified in annex F.

9.2.3

Unrecorded disk The measuring conditions for the unrecorded disk operational signals shall be as specified in annex N

9.3

Normalized servo transfer function In order to specify the servo system for axial and radial tracking, a function Hs is used (equation I). It specifies the nominal values of the open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo(s) in the frequency range 23,1 Hz to 10 kHz. 3iω 1+ 2 ωo 1  ωo  H s ( iω ) = ×  (I)  × iω 3  iω  1+ 3ω o where

= 2 o =2o i=

−1

o is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo are given by lead break frequency: lag break frequency

9.4

1 = o 1/3 2 = o 3

Reference servo for axial tracking For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for axial tracking, 1+H is limited as schematically shown by the shaded surface of figure 4.

- 9 -

Gain (dB) 86,0 66,0 62,3 44,1 40,6 2

8,0 m/s

0 9,6 23,1

100

10 000

Frequency (Hz) 96-0297-A

Figure 4 - Reference servo for axial tracking Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz 1+H

shall be within 20 % of 1+Hs .

The crossover frequency o = o / 2 shall be specified by equation (II), where max shall be 1,5 times larger than the expected maximum axial acceleration of 8 m/s2. The tracking error emax shall not exceed 0,23 m. Thus, the crossover frequency o shall be f0 =

3 α max

2π

e max

8 × 1,5 × 3

2π

0,23 × 10

−6

= 2 ,0 kHz

(II)

The axial tracking error emax is the peak deviation measured axially above or below the 0 level. Bandwidth 23,1 Hz to 100 Hz 1+H

shall be within the limits defined by the following four points.

40,6 dB at 100 Hz 66,0 dB at 23,1 Hz 86,0 dB at 23,1 Hz 44,1 dB at 100 Hz

( ( ( (

1 + Hs 1 + Hs 1 + Hs 1 + Hs

- 20% at 100 Hz ) - 20% at 23,1 Hz ) - 20% at 23,1 Hz add 20 dB) + 20% at 100 Hz )

Bandwidth 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz 1+H

9.5

shall be between 66,0 dB and 86,0 dB.

Reference servo for radial tracking For an open-loop transfer function, H, of the Reference servo for radial tracking, 1+ H shall be limited within the shaded area shown in figure 5. The radial track deviation is the peak deviation measured radially inward or outward from the 0 level. Bandwidth from l00 Hz to 10k Hz 1+H

shall be within 20 % of 1+Hs .

The crossover frequency f0 = o / (2) shall be given by the equation (III), where max shall be 1,5 times as large as the expected radial acceleration of 1,1 m/s2 and emax shall not exceed 0,022 m. Thus the crossover frequency f0 shall be :

- 10 -

f0 =

1 2π

max

×c

max

1,1 × 1,5 × 3

2π

0,022 × 10

= 2,4 kHz

−6

(III)

Bandwidth from 23,1 Hz to 100Hz

1+ H shall be within the limits enclosed by the following four points. ( 1 + Hs - 20 % at 100 Hz ) ( 1 + Hs - 20 % at 23,1 Hz ) ( 1 + Hs - 20 % at 23,l Hz add 20 dB ) ( 1 + Hs + 20 % at 100 Hz )

43,7 dB at 100 Hz 69,2 dB at 23,1 Hz 89,2 dB at 23,1 Hz 47,3 dB at 100 Hz

Bandwidth from 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz

1 + H shall be between 69,2 dB and 89,2 dB. Gain (dB) 89,2 69,2 67,1 47,3 43,7 2

1,1 m/s

0 9,6 23,1 96-0298-A

100

10 000 Frequency (Hz)

Figure 5 - Reference servo for radial tracking

Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 10

Dimensional characteristics (figures 6, 7, and 8) Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and compatible use of the disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from the centre hole to the outside rim. The dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q. Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone (see 10.4) rests. Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Clamping Zone.

- 11 -

d1 Q

d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 98-0016-A

Figure 6 - Areas of the disk

ee33

d10 d1 96-0292-A

Figure 7 - Rim area

e1max.

- 12 -

15,00 mm min.

97-0001-A

Figure 8 - Hole of the assembled disk

10.1

Overall dimensions (figure 6) The 120 mm disk shall have an overall diameter d1 = 120,00 mm 0,30 mm The 80 mm disk shall have an overall diameter d1 = 80,00 mm 0,30 mm The centre hole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter + 0,15 mm

d2 = 15,00 mm - 0,00 mm

The diameter of the hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall be 15,00 mm min. See figure 8. There shall be no burr on both edges of the centre hole. The edge of the centre hole shall be rounded off or chamfered. The rounded radius shall be 0,1 mm max. The chamfer shall extend over a height of 0,1 mm max. The thickness of the disk, including adhesive layer and label(s), shall be + 0,30 mm

e1 = 1,20 mm - 0,06 mm

10.2

First transition area (figure 6) In the area defined by d2 and d3 = 16,0 mm min. the surface of the disk is permitted to be above the Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.

10.3

Second transition area (figure 6) This area shall extend between diameter d3 and diameter d4 = 22,0 mm max. In this area the disk may have an uneven surface of burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.

10.4

Clamping Zone (figure 6) This zone shall extend between diameter d4 and diameter d5 = 33,0 mm min.

- 13 -

Each side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e. that of Reference Plane Q shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm. In the Clamping zone the thickness e2 of the disk shall be + 0,20 mm

e2 = 1,20 mm - 0,10 mm

10.5

Third transition area (figure 6) This area shall extend between diameter d5 and diameter d6 = 44,0 mm max. In this area the top surface is permitted to be above the Reference Plane Q by h1 = 0,25 mm max. or below Reference Plane Q by h2 = 0,10 mm max. The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by h3 = 0,10 mm max. or below Reference Plane P by h4 = 0,25 mm max.

10.6

R-Information Zone The R-Information Zone shall extend from the beginning of the Power Calibration Area to the beginning of the Lead-in Zone as specified in clause 28. In the R-Information Zone the thickness of the disk shall be equal to e1 specified in 10.1 The R-Information Zone shall be accessed for recording only

10.6.1

Sub-divisions of the R-Information Zone The main parts of the R-Information Zone are

the Power Calibration Area (PCA) the Recording Management Area (RMA) 10.7

Information Zone (figure 6) The Information Zone shall extend from the beginning of the Lead-in Zone to diameter d10 the value of which is specified in table 1. In the Information Zone the thickness of the disk shall be equal to e1 specified in 10.1.

10.7.1

Sub-divisions of the Information zone The main parts of the Information Zone are

the Lead-in Zone the Data Zone the Lead-out Zone 10.7.1.1

Lead-in Zone (figure 6) The Lead-in Zone shall start at d7 = 45,2 mm max. and end at d8.

- 14 -

10.7.1.2

Data Zone (figure 6) The Data Zone shall start at + 0,0 mm

d8 = 48,0 mm - 0,4 mm

and shall end at d9 = 116,0 mm max. for the 120 mm diameter disk and d9 = 76,0 mm max. for the 80 mm diameter disk. 10.7.1.3

Lead-out Zone (figure 6) The Lead-out Zone shall start at d9 and shall end at d10. The value of d10 depends on the length of the Data Zone as shown in table 1. Table 1 - End of the Information Zone Outer diameter d9 of the Data Zone Less than 68,0 mm 68,0 mm to 115,0 mm 115,0 mm to 116,0 mm Less than 68,0 mm 68,0 mm to 75,0 mm

Value of diameter d10 for the 120 mm disk 70,0 mm min. Outer diameter of the Data Zone + 2,0 mm min. 117,0 mm min.

75,0 mm to 76,0 mm

10.8

Value of diameter d10 for the 80 mm disk

70,0 mm min. Outer diameter of the Data Zone + 2,0 mm min. 77,0 mm min.

Track geometry In the R-Information Zone and Information Zone tracks are constituted by a 360 turn of a spiral. The track pitch averaged over the data zone shall be 0,80 0,01 m. The maximum deviation of the track pitch from 0,80 m shall be 0,04 m.

10.9

Channel bit length The R-Information Zone and Information Zone shall be recorded in CLV mode. The Channel bit length averaged over the Data Zone shall be 146,7 nm 1,5 nm.

10.10

Rim area (figure 7) The rim area shall be that area extending from diameter d11 = 118,0 mm min. for the 120 mm disk or d11 = 78,0 mm min. for the 80 mm disk to diameter d1. In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by h5 = 0,1 mm max. and the bottom surface is permitted to be below Reference Plane P by h6 = 0,1 mm max. The total thickness of this area shall not be greater than 1,50 mm, i.e. the maximum value of e1. The thickness of the rim proper shall be e3 = 0,6 mm min.

- 15 -

The outer edges of the disk shall be either rounded off with a rounding radius of 0,2 mm max. or be chamfered over h7 = 0,2 mm max. h8 = 0,2 mm max.

10.11

Remark on tolerances All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by hi are independent from each other. This means that, for example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h2, there is no implication that the bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h3. Where dimensions have the same - generally maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.

10.12

Label The label shall be placed on the side of the disk opposite the entrance surface for the information to which the label is related. The label shall be placed either on an outer surface of the disk or inside the disk bonding plane. In the former case, the label shall not extend over the Clamping Zone. In the latter case, the label may extend over the Clamping Zone. In both cases, the label shall not extend over the rim of the centre hole nor over the outer edge of the disk. The label should not affect the performance of the disk. Labels shall not be attached to either of the read out surfaces of a double sided disk.

Mechanical parameters

11.1

Mass The mass of the 120 mm disk shall be in the range 13 g to 20 g. The mass of the 80 mm disk shall be in the range 6 g to 9 g.

11.2

Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the 120 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,040 g m2 . The moment of inertia of the 80 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g m2 .

11.3

Dynamic imbalance The dynamic imbalance of the 120 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g m. The dynamic imbalance of the 80 mm disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,0045 g m.

11.4

Sense of rotation The sense of rotation of the disk shall be counterclockwise as seen by the optical system.

11.5 11.5.1

Runout Axial runout When measured by the PUH with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the scanning velocity, the deviation of the recorded layer from its nominal position in the direction normal to the Reference Planes shall not exceed 0,3 mm for the 120 mm disk and 0,2 mm for the 80 mm disk. The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking, shall be less than 0,23 m. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒc (-3dB): 10 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.

11.5.2

Radial runout The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall be less than 0,3 mm, peak-to-peak. The radial runout of tracks at the rotational frequency determined by the scanning velocity shall be less than 70 m, peak-to-peak.. The residual tracking error below 1,1 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than 0,022 m. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒc (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.

- 16 -

The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 1,1 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than 0,016 m. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope :+80 dB/decade to 10 kHz, slope : - 80 dB/decade.

Optical parameters

12.1 12.1.1

Recorded and unrecorded disk parameters Index of refraction The index of refraction of the transparent substrate shall be 1,55 0,10

12.1.2

Thickness of the transparent substrate The thickness of the transparent substrate shall be determined by its index of refraction as specified in figure 9.

Thickness (mm) (1,45; 0,643) 0,64

(1,56; 0,630) (1,65; 0,630)

0,62

0,60

0,58

(1,45; 0,583)

(1,56; 0,570) 1,40

1,50

(1,65; 0,570) 1,60

1,70

Index of refraction

96-0300-A

Figure 9 - Substrate thickness as a function of the index of refraction 12.1.3

Angular deviation The angular deviation is the angle between a parallel incident beam and the reflected beam. The incident beam shall have a diameter in the range 0,3 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to unparallelism of the recorded layer, see annex A, figure A.1. It shall meet the following requirements when measured according to annex A. In radial direction: In tangential direction:

12.1.4

= 0,80 max. = 0,30 max.

Birefringence of the transparent substrate The birefringence of the transparent substrate shall be 100 nm max. when measured according to annex B.

- 17 -

12.2

Recorded disk reflectivity When measured according to annex D and annex K, the reflectivity of the recorded layer(s) shall be 45 % to 85 % (PUH with PBS) 60 % to 85 % (PUH without PBS and with circular polarized light)

12.3

Unrecorded disk parameters

12.3.1

Polarity of reflectivity modulation The reflectivity is high in unrecorded areas and changes to low in the recorded marks.

12.3.2

Recording power sensitivity variation The variation in optimum recording power P0 over the surface of the disk shall be P0 0,05 P0.

Section 3 - Operational signals 13

Operational signals for recorded disk

13.1

Measurement conditions The Pick Up Head (PUH) shall be as specified in 9.1.1. The measurement conditions shall be as specified in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 The HF signal equalizing for jitter measurement shall be as specified in annex F. The reference servo for axial tracking shall be as specified in 9.3. The reference servo for radial tracking shall be as specified in 9.4.

13.2

Read conditions The power of the read spot shall not exceed 1,0 mW (continuous wave in the central spot).

13.3

Recorded disk high frequency (HF) signals The HF signal is obtained by summing the currents of the four elements of the photo detector. These currents are modulated by diffraction of the light beam at the recorded marks representing the information on the recorded layer. Recording power conditions are specified in annex J. All measurements, except Jitter are executed on the HF signal before equalizing.

13.3.1

Modulated amplitude (figure 10) The peak-to-peak value generated by the longest recorded mark and space is I14. The peak value corresponding to the HF signal before high-pass filtering is I14H. The peak-to-peak value generated by the shortest recorded mark and space is I3. The zero level is the signal level obtained when no disk is inserted. These parameters shall satisfy following requirements. I14 / I14H = 0,60 min. I3 / I14 = 0,15 min. The maximum value of ( I14H max. - I14H min. ) / I14H max. shall be as specified in table 2. Table 2 - Maximum value of ( I14H max. - I14H min.) / I14H max. PUH with PBS PUH without PBS

Within one disk 0,33 0,20

Within one revolution 0,15 0,10

- 18 -

13.3.2

Signal asymmetry The value of asymmetry shall satisfy the following requirements when a DVD-R disk is recorded at the optimum recording power P0 (see figure 10). - 0,05 (I14H + I14L ) / 2 - (I3H + I3L ) / 2 / I14 0,15 where (I14H + I14L ) / 2 is the centre level of I14 (I3H + I3L ) / 2 is the centre level of I3 .

13.3.3

Cross-track signal The cross-track signal is derived from the HF signal when low pass filtered with a cut off frequency of 30 kHz when the light beam crosses the tracks (see figure 11). The low pass filter is a lst-order filter. The cross-track signal shall meet the following requirements. IT =..IH - IL IT/IH =..0,10 min. where IH is the peak value of this signal and IT is the peak-to-peak value.

13.4 13.4.1

Quality of signals Jitter Jitter is the standard deviation of the time variation of the digitized data passed through the equalizer. The jitter of the leading and the trailing edges is measured relative to the clock of the phase-lock loop and normalized by the Channel bit clock interval. Jitter shall be less than 9,0 % of the Channel bit clock period, when measured according to annex F.

13.4.2

Random errors A row of an ECC Block (see clause 18) that has at least 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. In any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks the total number of PI errors before correction shall not exceed 280.

13.4.3

Defects The maximum diameter of local defects shall meet the following requirements

for air bubbles it shall not exceed 100 µm, for black spots causing birefringence it shall not exceed 200 µm, for black spots not causing birefringence it shall not exceed 300 µm. In addition, over a distance of 80 mm in scanning direction of tracks, the following requirements shall be met

the total length of defects larger than 30 µm shall not exceed 300 µm, there shall be at most 6 such defects. 13.5

Servo signals The output currents of the four quadrants of the quadrant photo detector shown in figure 12 are identified by Ia, Ib, Ic and Id.

13.5.1

Differential phase tracking error signal The differential phase tracking error signal shall be derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detectors elements when the light beam crosses the tracks : Phase (Ia + Ic) - Phase (Ib + Id) , see figure 13. The differential phase tracking error signal shall be low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz, see annex C. This signal shall meet the following requirements (see figure 14).

- 19 -

Amplitude At the positive 0 crossing ∆t /T shall be in the range 0,5 to 1,1 at 0,10 m radial offset, where ∆t is the average time difference derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detector elements, and T is the Channel bit clock period . Asymmetry (figure 14) The asymmetry shall meet the following requirement. T1 − T2 T1 + T2

≤ 0,2

where

T1 is the positive peak value of ∆t / T T2 is the negative peak value of ∆t / T. 13.5.2

Tangential push-pull signal This signal shall be derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (Ia + Id ) - (Ib + Ic ). It shall meet the following requirement, see figure 14. 0≤

[( I + I ) − ( I + I )] a

I14

≤ 0,9

I14

14H

14L

0 Level 97-0002-B

Figure 10 - Modulated amplitude

IT IH IL 0 Level 97-0003-A

Figure 11 - Cross-track signal

- 20 -

Light beam Tangential direction

Id 97-0047-A

Figure 12 - Quadrant photo detector

∆t T

0 Level

TP 0

Radial spot displacement TP : Track pitch

97-0005-A

Figure 13 - Differential phase tracking error signal

Recorded mark

(Ia+Ib)-(Ib+Ic) pp

97-0004-A

Figure 14 - Tangential push-pull signal

14 14.1

Operational signals for the unrecorded disk Measurement conditions The drive optical Pick Up Head (PUH) for measurement of the unrecorded disk parameters and for making the recordings necessary for disk measurements shall be as specified in 9.1.2.

The measurement conditions shall be as specified in 9.2.1 and 9.2.3 The reference servo for axial tracking shall be as specified in 9.3. The reference servo for radial tracking shall be as specified in 9.4.

- 21 -

14.2

Recording conditions General recording strategy Optimum recording power Optimum recording power range of all disks Bias power Recording power window

14.3

: In groove : Determined by OPC specified in annex J : 6,0 mW P0 12,0 mW : Pb 0,7 mW : P0 0,25 mW

Basic write strategy for media testing During the recordings necessary for disk measurements (using the PUH specified in 9.1.2) the laser power is modulated according to the basic write strategy (see figure 15). Each write pulse of length 4T to 11T and 14T consists of two parts, a top pulse and a multiple-pulse train with T representing the length of one clock period. The write pulse of length 3T uses the top pulse only. The top pulse is generated by reducing the recording data width from its leading edge and ending it 3T from the leading edge time of the recording data. The top pulse width (Ttop) shall be selected according to the recording data length (Twd), as specified below. The multiple-pulse train starts at 3T from the leading edge time of the recording data and ends at the trailing edge time of the recording data. Its width (Tmp) shall be independent of the recording data length. The recommended value of each parameter is Ttop = 1,25T when Twd = 3T Ttop = 1,20T when Twd ≥ 4T Tmp = 0,65T Refer to annex P for recommended variations in write strategy.

recording data

Twd (3T)

Twd (8T) T

write pulse

0 Level

T top

Tmp

T top

Po Pb

98-0018-A

Figure 15 - Basic write strategy

14.4

Servo signals The output currents of the four quadrants of the quadrant photo detector are Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id. shown in figure 16.

14.4.1

Radial push-pull tracking error signal The radial push-pull tracking error signal is derived from the differential output of the detector elements when the light beam crosses the tracks and shall be [(Ia + Ib) - (Ic +Id)]. The radial push-pull tracking error signal shall be measured with the PUH specified in 9.1.2 before and after recording and is low pass filtered with a cut-off frequency 30 kHz.

- 22 -

The radial push-pull amplitude before recording (PPb) and after recording (PPa) shown in figure 17 are defined as : PPb, PPa = (Ia + Ib) - (Ic + Id) a.c. / (Ia + Ib + Ic + Id) d.c. The radial push-pull ratio (PPr) is defined as PPr = PPb / PPa. The above parameters must meet the following requirements.

PPb signal amplitude: Push Pull ratio: Variation in PPb signal:

0,18 < PPb < 0,36 0,5 < PPr < 1,0 PPb < 15 %

where PPb = [(PPb) max. - (PPb) min.] / [(PPb) max.+ (PPb) min.]

PPb shall be measured over the entire disk surface (from 22 mm to 58,5 mm radii). 14.4.2

Cross-track signal before recording (Radial Contrast = RC) The cross track signal for the recorded disk is specified in 13.3.3 The cross track signal before recording (Radial Contrast = RC) shown in figure 18 is defined as follows for the servo electronics: RC = 2×(Ihb-Ilb) / (Ihb + Ilb) and shall be greater than 0,05

Light beam Tangential direction

Id 97-0047-A

Figure 16 - Quadrant photo detector

- 23 -

(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id) a.c.

(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id) d .c.

differential signal

centre hole

(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id) a.c.

98-0019-A

Figure 17 - Radial push-pull tracking error signal

Ilb

Ihb

0 Level 98-0020-A

Figure 18 - Cross-track signal before recording (radial contrast) 14.4.3

Defects The requirements are the same as for 13.4.3.

14.5

Addressing signals The output currents of the four quadrants of the split photo detector are Ia, Ib, Ic,and Id. as shown in figure 16.

- 24 -

14.5.1

Land Pre-pit signal The Land Pre-pit signal is derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output when the light beam is following a track and shall be [(Ia+ Ib) - (Ic+Id)]. This differential signal shall be measured by the PUH specified in 9.1.2 before and after recording. The Land Pre-pit signal amplitude before recording (LPPb) and after recording (LPPa) are defined as: LPPb, LPPa = (Ia + Ib) - (Ic + Id) o-p / (Ia + Ib + Ic + Id) d.c. (Ia + Ib) - (Ic + Id) o-p shall be measured at the average point of maximum and minimum signals. See figure 19 and annex Q. The above parameters shall meet the following requirements.

LPPb signal amplitude: LPPa signal amplitude: Block error ratio of LPPb: Block error ratio of LPPa:

LPPb = 0,18 ± 0,04 LPPa > 0,14 BER < 3 % BER < 5 %

(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id) o-p

Before recording

Min. value (Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id) o-p

Max.value

After recording 98-0021-A

Figure 19 - Land Pre-pit signal 14.5.2

Groove wobble signal The groove wobble signal is derived from the differential output when the light beam is following a track .and is [(Ia+ Ib) - (Ic+ Id)]. The groove wobble signal shall be measured by the PUH specified in 9.1.2 before and after recording. The groove wobble signal amplitudes before recording (WOb) and after recording (WOa) are defined as:

- 25 -

Wob, Woa = [(Ia + Ib) - (Ic + Id)] pp The above parameters shall meet the following requirements. The locking frequency for the groove wobble shall be 8 times the SYNC frame frequency. CNR of Wob shall be greater than 35 dB (RBW = 1 kHz) CNR of Woa shall be greater than 31 dB (RBW = 1 kHz) The CNR of WOb and WOa shall be measured for the average value. The normalized Wobble signal (NWO) is defined to derive the wobble amplitude in nanometres. NWO = WOb / RPS and its value shall be 0,08 < NWO < 0,12 where RPS is the peak to peak value of the radial push-pull signal amplitude [(Ia+ Ib) - (Ic+ Id)] before recording, when the light spot crosses the tracks and is low pass filtered with a cut-off frequency 30 kHz (see annex R). 14.5.3

Relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-pit The groove wobble signal and Land Pre-pit signal are derived from the differential output currents [(Ia+ Ib) - (Ic+Id)]. Therefore, when the photo detector elements (Ia, Ib) are located at the outer side of the disk and groove wobble is regarded as a sine wave, the relation in phase between groove wobble and Land Pre-pit (PWP) shall meet the following requirement (see figure 20). PWP = -90 ± 10°

PWP

detected wobble signal

detected Land Pre-Pit signal

98-0022-A

Figure 20 - Relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-pit

Section 4 - Data format 15

General The data received from the host, called Main Data, is formatted in a number of steps before being recorded on the disk. It is transformed successively into

a Data Frame, a Scrambled Frame, an ECC Block, a Recording Frame, a Physical Sector

These steps are specified in the following clauses.

Data Frames (figure 21) A Data Frame shall consist of 2 064 bytes arranged in an array of 12 rows each containing 172 bytes (see figure 21). The first row shall start with three fields, called Identification Data (ID), ID Error Detection Code (IED), and Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI), followed by 160 Main Data bytes. The next 10 rows shall each

- 26 -

contain 172 Main Data bytes and the last row shall contain 168 Main Data bytes followed by four bytes for recording an Error Detection Code (EDC). The 2 048 Main Data bytes are identified as D0 to D2 047.

172 bytes 4 bytes

2 bytes

6 bytes

IED

CPR_MAI

Main Data 160 bytes (D0 to D159) Main Data 172 bytes (D160 to D331) Main Data 172 bytes (D332 to D503)

12 rows

Main Data 172 bytes (D1708 to D1879) EDC

Main Data 168 bytes (D1880 to D2047)

4 bytes 97-0020-A

Figure 21 - Data Frame

16.1

Identification Data (ID) This field shall consist of four bytes the bits of which are numbered consecutively from b0 (lsb) to b31 (msb), see figure 22. b31

b24 b23

Sector Information

Sector Number Figure 22 - Identification Data (ID)

b31

b30

Sector Format type

Tracking method

b29

b28

b27 and b26

b25

Reflectivity

Reserved

Zone type

Data type

b24 Layer number

Figure 23 - Sector Information of the Identification Data (ID) The least significant three bytes, bits b0 to b23, shall specify the sector number in binary notation. The sector number of the first sector of an ECC Block of 16 sectors shall be a multiple of 16. The bits of the most significant byte shown in figure 23, the Sector information, shall be set as follows. a) Sector format type

bit b31

shall be set to ZERO, indicating the CLV format type specified for Read-only disk and Recordable disk.

b) Tracking method

bit b30

shall be set to ZERO, indicating Pit tracking.

c) Reflectivity

bit b29

shall be set to ZERO, indicating the reflectivity is greater than

- 27 -

40% measured with PBS PUH. shall be set to ONE, indicating the reflectivity is less than 40% measured with PBS PUH. d) Reserved

bit b28

shall be set to ZERO.

e) Zone type

bit b27 and bit b26

shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone. shall be set to ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone. shall be set to ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone.

f) Data type

bit b25

shall be set to ZERO, indicating Read-Only data. shall be set to ONE, indicating Linking data.

g) Layer number

bit b24

shall be set to ZERO, indicating that through an entrance surface only one recording layer can be accessed.

Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard.

16.2

ID Error Detection Code (IED) When identifying all bytes of the array shown in figure 21 as C i,j for i = 0 to 11 and j = 0 to 171, the bytes of IED are represented by C0,j for j = 4 to 5. Their setting shall be obtained as follows. 5

C0,j x5-j = ∑ j= 4

IED(x) =

I(x) x2

mod GE(x)

where I( x ) =

∑= C 0 j ⋅ x 3− j j 0

G E ( x) =

(x + α k ) ∏ k =0

represents the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1

16.3

Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI) This field shall consist of 6 bytes. Their setting is application dependent, for instance a video application. If this setting is not specified by the application, the default setting shall be to set to all ZEROs. Within a link sector (see clause 23.1) the CPR_MAI shall be set to all ZEROs.

16.4

Error Detection Code (EDC) This 4-byte field shall contain an Error Detection Code computed over the preceding 2 060 bytes of the Data Frame. Considering the Data Frame as a single bit field starting with the most significant bit of the first byte of the ID field and ending with the least significant bit of the EDC field, then this msb will be b16 511 and the lsb will be b0. Each bit bi of the EDC shall be as follows for i = 31 to 0 : EDC( x ) =

∑ b i x i = I(x) mod G(x)

i=31

where I( x ) =

∑ bix i

i =16 511

- 28 -

G(x) = x32 + x31 + x4 + 1

Scrambled Frames The 2 048 Main Data bytes shall be scrambled by means of the circuit shown in figure 24 which shall consist of a feedback bit shift register in which bits r7 (msb) to r0 (lsb) represent a scrambling byte at each 8-bit shift. At the beginning of the scrambling procedure of a Data Frame, positions r14 to r0 shall be pre-set to the value(s) specified in table 3. The same pre-set value shall be used for 16 consecutive Data Frames. After 16 groups of 16 Data Frames, the sequence is repeated. The initial pre-set number is equal to the value represented by bits b7 (msb) to bit b4 (lsb) of the ID field of the Data Frame. Table 3 specifies the initial pre-set value of the shift register corresponding to the 16 initial pre-set numbers. Table 3 - Initial value of shift register Initial pre-set number

Initial value

Initial pre-set number

Initial value

(0)

(0001)

(8)

(0010)

(1)

(5500)

(9)

(5000)

(2)

(0002)

(A)

(0020)

(3)

(2A00)

(B)

(2001)

(4)

(0004)

(C)

(0040)

(5)

(5400)

(D)

(4002)

(6)

(0008)

(E)

(0080)

(7)

(2800)

(F)

(0005)

r14

r13

r12

r11

r10

97-0021-A

Figure 24 - Feedback shift register for generating scramble data The part of the initial value of r7 to r0 is taken out as scrambling byte S0. After that, 8-bit shift is repeated 2 047 times and the following 2 047 bytes shall be taken from r7 to r0 as scrambling bytes S1 to S2 047. The Main Data bytes Dk of the Data Frame become scrambled bytes D’k where D’k = Dk Sk

for k = 0 to 2 047

stands for Exclusive OR.

ECC Block configuration An ECC Block is formed by arranging 16 consecutive Scrambled Frames in an array of 192 rows of 172 bytes each (figure 25). To each of the 172 columns, 16 bytes of Parity of Outer Code are added, then, to each of the resulting 208 rows, 10 byte of Parity of Inner Code are added. Thus a complete ECC Block comprises 208 rows of 182 bytes each. The bytes of this array are identified as Bi,j as follows, where i is the row number and j the column number. Bi,j for i = 0 to 191 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes from the Scrambled Frames Bi,j for i = 192 to 207 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes of the Parity of Outer Code Bi,j for i = 0 to 207 and j = 172 to 181 are bytes of the Parity of Inner Code

- 29 -

PI 10 bytes

172 bytes

B0,0

B0,1

B0,170

B0,171

B0,172

B0,181

B1,0

B1,1

B1,170

B1,171

B1,172

B1,181

B2,0

B2,1

B2,170

B2,171

B2,172

B2,181

B189,0 B190,0

B189,1 B190,1

B189,170 B190,170

B189,171 B190,171

B189,172 B190,172

B189,181 B190,181

B191,0

B191,1

B191,170

B191,171

B191,172

B191,181

B192,0

B192,1

B192,170

B192,171

B192,172

B192,181

B207,0

B207,1

B207,170

B207,171

B207,172

B207,181

192 rows

PO 16 rows

97-0022-A

Figure 25 - ECC block The PO and PI bytes shall be obtained as follows. In each of columns j = 0 to 171, the 16 PO bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial Rj(x) to form the outer code RS (208,192,17). R j (x ) =

207

∑ B i, j x 207−i = I j (x )x16 mod G PO (x )

i =192

where 191

∑ B i, j x191−i

I j (x) =

i= 0

G PO ( x ) =

(x + α k ) ∏ k=0 15

In each of rows i = 0 to 207, the 10 PI bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial Ri (x) to form the inner code RS (182,172,11). R i ( x) =

181

∑ B i, j x181− j = I i ( x)x10 mod G PI ( x)

j =172

where I i ( x) =

171

∑ B i, j x171− j j=0

- 30 -

G PI ( x ) =

(x + α k ) ∏ k=0 9

is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1

Recording Frames Sixteen Recording Frames shall be obtained by interleaving one of the 16 PO rows at a time after every 12 rows of an ECC Block (figure 26). This is achieved by re-locating the bytes Bi,j of the ECC Block as Bm,n for m = i + int i / 12 and n = j for i 191 m = 13 (i - 191) - 1 and n = j for i 192 where int x represents the largest integer not greater than x. Thus the 37 856 bytes of an ECC Block are re-arranged into 16 Recording Frames of 2 366 bytes. Each Recording Frame consists of an array of 13 rows of 182 bytes.

182 bytes B 0,0

B 0,171

B 0,172

B 0,181

Recording Frame No. 0

13 rows B11,0

B 11,171

B11,172

B11,181

B 192,0

B192,171

B192,172

B192,181

B12,0

B 12,171

B12,172

B 12,181

Recording Frame No. 1

13 rows B 23,0

B 23,171

B 23,172

B 23,181

B 193,0

B 193,171

B 193,172

B 193,181

B180,0

B180,171

B 180,172

B180,181

13 rows B191,0 B 207,0

B 191,171 B 207,171

B 191,172

B191,181

B 207,172

B 207,181

Recording Frame No. 15

97-0023-A

Figure 26 - Recording Frames obtained from an ECC Block

Modulation The 8-bit bytes of each Recording Frame shall be transformed into 16-bit Code Words with the run length limitation that between 2 ONEs there shall be at least 2 ZEROs and at most 10 ZEROs (RLL 2,10). Annex G specifies the

- 31 -

conversion tables to be applied. The Main Conversion table and the Substitution table specify a 16-bit Code Word for each 8-bit bytes with one of 4 States. For each 8-bit byte, the tables indicate the corresponding Code Word, as well as the State for the next 8-bit byte to be encoded. The 16-bit Code Words shall be NRZI-converted into Channel bits before recording on the disk (figure 27).

16-bit Code Words

NRZ conversion

16 Channel bits NRZI converted pulses

Exclusive-OR

T T = 1 channel clock period 97-0024-A

Figure 27 - NRZI conversion

Physical Sectors The structure of a Physical Sector is shown in figure 28. It shall consist of 13 rows, each comprising two Sync Frames. A Sync Frame shall consist of a SYNC Code from table 4 and 1 456 Channel bits representing the first, respectively the second 91 8-bit bytes of a row of a Recording Frame. The first row of the Recording Frame is represented by the first row of the Physical Sector, the second by the second, and so on.

13 rows

1456

SY0

SY5

SY1

SY5

SY2

SY5

SY3

SY5

SY4

SY5

SY1

SY6

SY2

SY6

SY3

SY6

SY4

SY6

SY1

SY7

SY2

SY7

SY3

SY7

SY4

SY7 Sync Frame

1456

Sync Frame

97-0025-A

Figure 28 - Physical sector Recording shall start with the first Sync Frame of the first row, followed by the second Sync Frame of that row, and so on row-by-row.

- 32 -

Table 4- SYNC Codes State 1 and State 2 Primary SYNC codes Secondary SYNC codes (msb) (lsb) (msb) (lsb) SY0 = 0001001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0001001000000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 0000010000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000010001000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 0001000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0001000001000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 0000100000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000100001000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 0010000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000001000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 0010001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010001000000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 0010010010000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000010000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 0010010001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010010000000100 0000000000010001 State 3 and State 4 Primary SYNC codes Secondary SYNC codes (msb) (lsb) (msb) (lsb) SY0 = 1001001000000100 0000000000010001 / 1001001001000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 1000010001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000010000000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 1001000001000100 0000000000010001 / 1001000000000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 1000001001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000001000000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 1000100001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000100000000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 1000100100000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000100000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 1001000010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000001000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 1000100010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000010000100 0000000000010001

The physical sector is a sector after the modulation by 8/16 conversion which adds a SYNC code to the head of every 91 bytes in the Recording Frame.

Suppress control of the d.c. component To ensure a reliable radial tracking and a reliable detection of the HF signals, the low frequency content of the stream of Channel bit patterns should be kept as low as possible. In order to achieve this, the Digital Sum Value (DSV, see 4.3) shall be kept as low as possible. At the beginning of the modulation, the DSV shall be set to 0. The different ways of diminishing the current value of the DSV are as follows. a) Choice of SYNC Codes between Primary or Secondary SYNC Codes. b) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 0 to 87, the Substitution table offers an alternative 16-bit Code Word for all States. c) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 88 to 255, when the prescribed State is 1 or 4, then the 16-bit Code Word can be chosen either from State 1 or from State 4, so as to ensure that the RLL requirement is met. In order to use these possibilities, two data streams, Stream 1 and Stream 2, are generated for each Sync Frame. Stream 1 shall start with the Primary SYNC Code and Stream 2 with the Secondary SYNC Code of the same category of SYNC Codes. As both streams are modulated individually, they generate a different DSV because of the difference between the bit patterns of the Primary and Secondary SYNC Codes. In the cases b) and c), there are two possibilities to represent a 8-bit byte. The DSV of each stream is computed up to the 8-bit byte preceding the 8-bit byte for which there is this choice. The stream with the lowest DSV is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then, one of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into Stream 1 and the other into Stream 2. This operation is repeated each time case b) or c) occurs. Whilst case b) always occurs at the same pattern position in both streams, case c) may occur in one of the streams and not in the other because, for instance, the next State prescribed by the previous 8-bit byte can be 2 or 3 instead of 1 or 4. In that case the following 3-step procedure shall be applied.

- 33 -

1) Compare the DSVs of both streams. 2) If the DSV of the stream in which case c) occurs is smaller than that of the other stream, then the stream in which case c) has occurred is chosen and duplicated to the other stream. One of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into this stream and the other into the other stream. 3) If the DSV of the stream in which case c) has occurred is larger than that of the other stream, then case c) is ignored and the 8-bit byte is represented according to the prescribed State. In both cases b) and c), if the DSVs are equal, the decision to choose Stream 1 or Stream 2 is implementationdefined. The procedure for case a) shall be as follows. At the end of a Sync Frame, whether or not case b) and or case c) have occurred, the DSV of the whole Sync Frame is computed and the stream with the lower DSV is selected. If this DSV is greater than + 63 or smaller than -64, then the SYNC Code at the beginning of the Sync Frame changed from Primary to Secondary or vice versa. If this yields a smaller DSV, the change is permanent, if the DSV is not smaller, the original SYNC Code is retained. During the DSV computation, the actual values of the DSV may vary between -1000 and +1000, thus it is recommended that the count range for the DSV be at least from -1 024 to +1 023.

Linking scheme The Linking scheme shall be the specified method to append data in the Incremental Recording mode.

23.1

Linking sector Linking shall be performed as shown in figure 29 between the 82nd and 87th bytes in the second SYNC frame of the first Physical sector within the first ECC block of a new recording. This sector shall be referred to as the Linking sector. Incremental Recording using Linking shall terminate at the 86th byte in the second SYNC frame of the Linking sector and shall start between the 82nd and 87th bytes in the second SYNC frame of the Linking sector. The Data type (see clause 16.1) of the Linking sector shall be set to ZERO.

23.2

Linking loss area A Linking loss area shall be set aside to prevent any degradation of the data reliability due to the influence of linking. The minimum size of the Linking loss area shall be 2 048 bytes or 32 768 bytes. By choosing a Linking loss area of 2 048 bytes or 32 768 bytes, the user can obtain a greater user data capacity or higher reliability respectively. A 32 768 bytes Linking loss area shall include the entire ECC block containing the Linking sector plus the Padding sectors of the prior ECC block. In a 32 768 bytes Linking loss area, the Data type bit (see clause 16.1) of the 14 sectors following the Linking sector shall be set to ONE. A 2 048 bytes Linking loss area shall include only the Linking sector plus the padding sectors of the prior ECC block (see figure 30). All Main data bytes within a Linking loss area shall be set to (00).

23.2.1

Padding sectors All sectors after the last sector containing user data in the last full ECC block of an incremental recording shall be Padding sectors and shall be included in the Linking loss area. The Main Data bytes in these sectors shall be set to (00). The Data type of each of the Padding sectors and the Data type of the last sector containing user data shall be set to ONE.

- 34 -

ECC Block (data = 32 768 bytes) Physical sector (26 SYNC Frames) 1st SYNC Frame

2nd SYNC Frame

SYNC

3rd SYNC Frame

86 bytes

SYNC

Previous recording Start Area 82th

New recording 87th

98-0025-A

Figure 29 - Structure of Linking

ECC Block

Padding(00) Last Recorded Address

Linking

Data of the Linking Loss Area set to (00) Data Type bit set to : ONE

98-0026-A

Figure 30 - The structure of ECC block with Linking Loss Area of 2 048 bytes

ECC Block

Last Recorded Address

PI Linking Data of the Linking Loss Area set to (00) 98-0027-A

Data Type bit set to : ONE

Figure 31 - The structure of ECC block with Linking Loss Area of 32 768 bytes

- 35 -

Section 5 - Format of the Information Zone 24

General description of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall be divided in three parts : the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone. The Data Zone is intended for the recording of Main Data. The Lead-in Zone contains control information. The Lead-out Zone allows for a continuous smooth read-out.

24.1

Layout of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall be sub-divided as shown in table 5. The value of the radii indicated are nominal values for the first Physical Sector and that of the last track of the last Physical Sector of a zone. Table 5 - Layout of the Information Zone Nominal radius in mm

Lead-out Zone for 80 mm disk

24.2

Number of Physical Sectors

(02F000)

(02F020) (02F200) (02FE00) (030000)

480 3 072 512

22,6 max. to 24,0

Lead-in Zone Initial Zone Reference Code Zone Buffer Zone 1 Control Data Zone Buffer Zone 2 Data Zone Lead-out Zone for 120 mm disk

Sector Number of the first Physical Sector

24,0 to r1 r1 to (r1+1,0) when 34,0 r1 57,5

r1 to 35,0 min. when r1< 34,0 r1 to 35,0 min. when r1< 34,0

r1 to (r1+1,0) when 34,0 r1 37,5

r1 to 58,5 when 57,5< r1 < 58,0 r1 to 58,5 when 37,5< r1 < 38,0

Physical sector numbering The first physical sector of the Data Zone shall have the sector number (030000). Physical sectors do not comprise gaps. They follow each other continuously from the beginning of the Lead-in Zone to the end of the Lead-out Zone. The physical sector number increases continuously from the beginning of the Lead-in Zone to the end of the Leadout Zone. See figure 32. Type A Information Zone

Physical sector number

Data Zone

Lead-in Zone

Lead-out Zone Address

(02FFFF)

(030000)

97-0026-A

Figure 32 - Physical sector numbering

Radius

- 36 -

Lead-in Zone and Lead-out Zone

25.1

Lead-in Zone The Lead-in Zone is the innermost zone of the Information Zone. It shall consist of the following parts (figure 33).

Initial Zone, Reference Code Zone, Buffer Zone 1, Control Data Zone, Buffer Zone 2.

The Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of each part is indicated in figure 33 in hexadecimal and in decimal notation. In the case of incremental recording the Lead-in Zone shall be recorded sequentially without using the linking scheme except the last ECC block (Linking Loss Area) in Lead-in Zone.

Initial Zone

In all Physical Sectors the Main Data is set to (00)

Sector No.192 511 Sector No.192 512

Sector No.(02EFFF) Sector No.(02F000) Reference Code Zone 32 Physical Sectors

Sector No. 192 544

Sector No.193 024

Buffer Zone 1 480 Physical Sectors with the Main Data set to (00) Control Data Zone

Sector No.(02F020)

Sector No.(02F200)

3072 Physical Sectors Sector No.196 096

Buffer Zone 2 512 Physical Sectors with the Main Data set to (00)

Sector No.196 608

Sector No.(02FE00)

Sector No.(030000) Data Zone

Figure 33 - Lead-in Zone 25.1.1

Initial Zone The Main Data of the Data Frames eventually recorded as Physical Sectors in the Initial Zone shall have been set to (00). This ECMA Standard does not specify the number of Physical Sectors in the Initial Zone. However, the

- 37 -

Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone is large enough so as to prevent a Sector Number 0 to occur in the Initial Zone. 25.1.2

Reference Code Zone The Reference Code Zone shall consist of the 32 Physical Sectors from two ECC Blocks which generate a specific Channel bit pattern on the disk. This shall be achieved by setting to (AC) all 2 048 Main Data bytes of each corresponding Data Frame. Moreover, no scrambling shall be applied to these Data Frames, except to the first 160 Main Data bytes of the first Data Frame of each ECC Block (see annex M).

25.1.3

Buffer Zone 1 This zone shall consist of 480 Physical Sectors from 30 ECC Blocks. The Main Data of the Data Frames eventually recorded as Physical Sectors in this zone shall have been set to (00).

25.1.4

Buffer Zone 2 This zone shall consist of 512 Physical Sectors from 32 ECC Blocks. The Main Data of the Data Frames eventually recorded as Physical Sectors in this zone shall have been set to (00).

25.2

Control Data Zone This zone shall consist of 3 072 Physical Sectors from 192 ECC Blocks. The content of the 16 Physical Sectors of each ECC Block is repeated 192 times. The structure of a Control Data Block shall be as shown in figure 34.

Physical format information 2 048 bytes Disk manufacturing information 2 048 bytes

Reserved 14 2 048 bytes

Figure 34 - Structure of a Control Data Block 25.2.1

Physical format information This information shall comprise the 2 048 bytes shown in table 5 and described below. Table 6 - Physical format information

Content

0 1 2 3 4 to 15 16 to 31 32 to 39 40 to 2 047

Disk Category and Version Number Disk size and maximum transfer rate Disk structure Recording density Data Zone allocation Set to (00) Start sector number of Border zone Set to (00)

Number of bytes 1 1 1 1 12 16 8 2 008

- 38 -

Byte 0 - Disk Category and Version Number Bits b0 to b3 shall specify the Version Number. They shall be set to 0001, indicating this ECMA Standard. Bits b4 to b7 shall specify the Disk Category. These bits shall be set to 0010, indicating a recordable disk. Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate Bits b0 to b3 shall specify the maximum transfer rate: if set to 0000, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 2,52 Mbits/s if set to 0001, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 5,04 Mbits/s if set to 0010, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 10,08 Mbits/s Bits b4 to b7 shall specify the disk size: If the diameter of the disk is 120 mm ,they shall be set to 0000. If the diameter of the disk is 80 mm, they shall be set to 0001. Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. Byte 2 - Disk structure Bits b0 to b3 specify the Layer type. They shall be set to 0010, indicating that the disk contains Recordable user data Zone(s). Bit b4 shall specify the track path. It shall be set to ZERO. Bits b5 and b6 shall be set to (00), indicating that through an entrance surface only one layer can be accessed. Bit b7 shall be set to ZERO. Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard (see also annex U). Byte 3 - Recording density Bits b0 to b3 shall specify the average track pitch. They shall be set to 0001, indicating the average track pitch of 0,80 µm. Bits b4 to b7 shall specify the average Channel bit length. They shall be set to 0001, indicating 0,147 µm. Bytes 4 to 15 - Data Zone allocation Byte 4 shall be set to (00). Bytes 5 to 7 shall be set to (030000) to specify the Sector Number 196 608 of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone Byte 8 shall be set to (00). Bytes 9 to 11 shall specify the Sector Number of the last Rzone in the Bordered Area. Byte 12 shall be set to (00) Bytes 13 to 15 shall be set to (00) Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard.

- 39 -

Bytes 16 to 31 These bytes shall be set to (00). Bytes 32 to 39 - Start sector number of Border Zone Bytes 32 to 35 shall specify the Sector Numberof the first sector of the current Border Out (see annex H). Bytes 36 to 39 shall specify the Sector Number of the first sector of the next Border In (see annex H). When the Lead-in is recorded in the disk at once mode or in the Incremental Recording mode without BorderZone, these bytes shall be set to (00). Bytes 40 to 2 047 These bytes shall be set to (00). 25.2.2

Disk manufacturing information This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 2 048 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange.

25.2.3

Reserved These bytes shall be set to all ZEROs.

25.3

Lead-out Zone The Main Data of the Data Frames eventually recorded as Physical Sectors in the Lead-out Zone shall have been set to (00). This ECMA Standard does not specify the number of Physical Sectors in the Lead-out Zone.

Section 6 - Format of the Unrecorded Zone 26

General description of the Unrecorded Zone The track of the Unrecorded Zone is formed by a continuous spiral pre-groove that extends from the inner part of the disk to the outer diameter of the disk. The track is wobbled at a specified frequency to control the drive functions. The precise address information for an unrecorded disk is embossed on the land between adjacent grooved regions. The Unrecorded Zone shall be divided into two parts; the R-Information Zone and the Information Zone. The R-Information Zone shall be divided into two parts; the Power Calibration Area and the Recording Management Area. The Information Zone shown in figure 40 shall be divided as shown in 10.6.2 into three parts which have the same configuration as a Read-only disk. Starting from the inner radius, these zones are the Lead-in Zone, Data Zone, and Lead-out Zone. These three zones are essential and identical in principle to those same zones on a DVD-Read-Only disk. The sequence of recording these three areas depends on the specific recording mode. The Recording Data shall be recorded in the pre-groove guided by the wobble and Pre-pit Information that is embossed in the land. The accurate start address before recording shall be determined by decoding the Pre-pit Information on the land.

26.1

Layout of the Unrecorded Zone The Unrecorded Zone shall be sub-divided as shown in table 7. The first ECC block address (see clause 26.2) for some of the zones are shown in table 7.

- 40 -

Table 7 - Layout of Unrecorded Zone ECC block address of the first block of the zone

Number of blocks

Power Calibration Area

(002080)

443

Recording Management Area

(00223C)

701

R-Information Zone

Lead-In Zone Data Zone

(003000)

Lead-out Zone

26.2

ECC block address (see 27.3.2) The ECC block address shall be the absolute physical address of the track. The start and stop positions of each zone shall be defined using the ECC block address. The address shall increase from the inside to outside diameter of the disk. The address shall be embossed on the land as the Pre-pit Information.

26.3

ECC block numbering The ECC block address increases continuously from the inner radius to the outer radius of the disk. The ECC block address is calculated by letting the ECC block address (see 27.3.2) of the block placed at the beginning of the Data Zone be (003000). This first block of the Data Zone shall be located after the Lead-in Zone. The Power Calibration Area and Recording Management Area shown in figure 40 shall be located before the Lead in Zone.

Power Calibration Area

Recording Management Area R-Information Zone

Information Zone Lead-in Zone

ECC Block address

Data Recordable Zone

Lead-out Zone

ECC block address

(002FFF)

(003000) Radius

98-0028-A

Figure 35 - Pre-pit sector layout and ECC block numbering

27 27.1

Pre-pit Data format General description The Pre-pit Data is embossed as a sequence of Pre-pits on the land. The Pre-pit Data sequence corresponds to 16 sectors of the same physical size as 1 ECC block to be recorded in the groove. One set of Pre-pits shall be given by 3 bits (b2,b1,b0) every two SYNC frames. The first set of Pre-pits in a Pre-pit physical sector is the Pre-pit SYNC code . The first bit of the first set of bits is called the SYNC frame code bit. The first bit of the 3 bits shall be located at the special position of the recorded SYNC code of the 16-bit Code Words in the groove. The assignment of these bits shall be as shown in table 8.

- 41 -

Table 8 - Assignment of Land Pre-pit

Pre-pit SYNC code in Even position Pre-pit SYNC code in Odd position Pre-pit data ONE Pre-pit data ZERO

1 1 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 0 1 0

The assigned position of Pre-pits and the SYNC pattern of 16-bit Code words shall be as shown in figures 36 and 37. The relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-pit also shall be as specified in clause 14.5.3.

1 Pre-pit physical sector size 1 SYNC frame size

Land

Grove to be recorded Land

Pre-pit SYNC code on land in Even position

Pre-pit SYNC code on land in Odd position

Pre-pit data set to ONE

98-0029-A

Figure 36 - Track formation

Pre-pit data set to ZERO

- 42 -

SYNC pattern recorded in pre-groove XXXXX0010000000000000100 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 8-to-16 modulation SYNC code recorded in pit style

Pre-pit Sync code on land in Even position

SYNC code recorded in land style

Pre-pit Sync code on land in Odd position

Pre-pit data set to ONE

Pre-pit data set to ZERO

detected wobble signal 98-0030-A

Figure 37 - Relationship of signals recorded in groove and land There are two cases of Pre-pit position in two SYNC frames called Even position and Odd position. Normally the Pre-pit should be recorded at the Even position. In mastering, when there is already a Pre-pit on the neighbouring land, the position of the Pre-pits shall be shifted to the Odd position sequence. Such a case is described in figure 38.

Land Pre-Pit position Inside on the disk surface Groove Land Groove Land Groove Land Groove Land Groove Outside on the disk surface

Overlapped Even position

98-0058-A

Odd position

Figure 38 - Layout of land Pre-pit positioning The Pre-pit physical sector shall be the minimum unit for constructing the Pre-pit block. The Pre-pit block shall be formed with 16 Pre-pit physical sectors. ". The Pre-pit data frame shall consist of 4 bits of relative address specified in 27.3.1 and 8 bits of user data.

- 43 -

Pre-pit data shall be recorded in the user data area of the Pre-pit data frame. The Pre-pit data frame shall be as shown in figure 39. The Pre-pit physical sector shall be a Pre-pit data frame after transforming 1 bit into 3 bits and adding Pre-pit SYNC code. The Pre-pit physical sector shall be recorded on the land as part of the land Pre-pit recording. See figure 40 and table 8. Relative address 4 User data bits 8 bits Figure 39 - Pre-pit data frame structure Pre-pit SYNC code Transformed relative address 3 bits 12 bits Figure 40 - Pre-pit physical sector structure

27.2

Transformed user data 24 bits

Pre-pit block structure A Pre-pit data block shall be constructed with 16 Pre-pit data frames The Pre-pit data block shall have two data parts, part A and part B. Part A shall consist of 3 bytes of ECC block address (see clause 27.3.2) and 3 bytes of parity A (see clause 27.3.3), and relative address 0000 to 0101 (see clause 27.3), thus Part A is constructed with 6 Pre-pit data frames. Part B shall consist of 1 byte of Field ID, 6 bytes of disk information and 3 bytes of parity B and relative address 0110 to 1111. Thus Part B is constructed with 10 Pre-pit data frames. The Pre-pit physical block shall be constructed with 16 Pre-pit physical sectors which are constructed by transforming each 1 bit of Pre-pit data block to 3 bits and adding the Pre-pit SYNC code. This signal processing shall be as shown in figure 41. ECC block address + relative address

add parity A

Part A

Field ID + disk information + relative address

add parity B

Part B

Part A + Part B

Pre-pit data block

transform 1 bit into 3 bits

Pre-pit physical block before adding Pre-pit SYNC code

add Pre-pit SYNC code

Pre-pit physical block

Figure 41 - Processing order to construct a Pre-pit block The Pre-pit block structure shall be as shown in figure 42. Pre-pit physical block (using transformed Pre-pit data block (see table 8) ) Pre-pit data block

Pre-pit SYNC code

Relative address

ECC block address [3 bytes]

0000 to 0101

Parity A [3 bytes]

Relative address

Pre-pit field ID and disk information [7 bytes]

0110 to 1111

Parity B [3 bytes]

Figure 42 - Pre-pit block structure

Part A Part B

- 44 -

A Pre-pit physical block shall be as shown schematically in figure 43.

----------Pre-pit SYNC code and relative address------------------ -----Pre-pit part A and part B information---- ----------------------------------------------------------------------26 SYNC frames -------------------------------------------------

E G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L G L

E O E O E O E O E O E O E O E O

a d d r e s s a d d r e s s a d d r e s s p a r i t y A p a r i t y A p a r i t y A

111

100

111

100

101

111

100

101

100

111

100

101

111

100

101

100

111

100

101

100

101

111

100

101

100

111

100

101

111

101

100

111

101

100

101

111

101

100

101

100

111

101

100

101

111

101

111

101

111 111

r m a

101

r m a

100

r m a

101

100

101

100

101

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5

D #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12

p a r i t y p a r i t y p a r i t y

B B

#13

#14 #15

Legend: a) G means groove, L means land, E means even position, O means odd position. b) Pre-pits SYNC code is shown in even position in this representation. Relative address Pre-pit Data ONE is represented by 101 and Pre-pit Data ZERO is represented by 100 in this representation. The assignment of land Pre-pits is specified in table 8. c) Last column is the Pre-pit physical sector number in a Pre-pit physical block. d) Second from last column denotes the part A and part B of the Pre-pit physical block structure. Figure 43 - Pre-pit physical block

27.3

Pre-pit data block configuration Data of Part A and Part B is called Pre-pit information. Pre-pit information of Part A shall be the ECC block address. Pre-pit information of Part B shall be recorded in the disk information fields of Part B.

- 45 -

The contents of the disk information in Part B are classified and shall be distinguished by Field ID. Therefore each Pre-pit data block including the classified Part B shall be distinguished by a Field ID. The classification and the location of the Pre-pit data block shall be as shown in table 9. Table 9 - Classification and location of Pre-pit data blocks Field ID 0

Contents of disk-information in Part B ECC block address

Location All Zones

Application code / Physical data

Lead-in Zone

Recording information

Lead-in Zone

3 4

Manufacturer ID (1) Manufacturer ID (2)

Lead-in Zone Lead-in Zone

Manufacturer ID (3)

Lead-in Zone

In the Lead-in Zone, Pre-pit data blocks of Field ID 1 to 5 shall be recorded as shown in figure 44. Field ID

Location

ECC block address

Field ID 1 Field ID 2 Field ID 3 Field ID 4 Field ID 5 Field ID 1 Field ID 2 Field ID 3 Field ID 4 Field ID 5 Field ID 1

Start of the Lead-in Zone

(024FA)

End of the Lead-in Zone

(02FFE) (02FFF)

Field 4 Field 5 Field 0 Field 0

Figure 44 - Layout of Pre-pit data blocks in the Lead- in Zone 27.3.1

Relative address The Pre-pit data frame contains a relative address. The relative address shows the position of 16 Pre-pit data frames (one Pre-pit data block). Four bits shall be used to specify the relative address. 0000 0001 .

First Pre-pit data frame Second Pre-pit data frame

1111

Last Pre-pit data frame

. .

The relative address number shall be equal to the decimal value represented by the least significant 4 bits of the physical sector number recorded in the groove. The relative address shall not have error detection and error correction code.

- 46 -

27.3.2

ECC block address data configuration The ECC block address shall be equal to the decimal value represented by b23 to b4 of the physical sector number recorded in the groove. The ECC block address at the start of Data Zone shall be (003000) as shown in figure 45. The ECC block address shall have parity. Therefore error correction is possible. Lead-in Zone

Data Zone

Lead-out Zone

Groove: Physical sector number

(030000)

Land: ECC block address

(003000)

Figure 45 - The relation between physical sector number and ECC block address 27.3.3

Parity A and Parity B In figure 45, suppose each byte allocated in the matrix is Cj (j = 0 to 15). Then each byte for parity; Cj (j = 3 to 5 and j= 13 to 15) shall be as follows. Parity A:

∑c x 5

Parity A x =

j =3

5− j

= I x x mod G e x

where

∑c x 2

I x =

j =0

G E ( x) =

2− j

(x + α k ) ∏ k=0

Gp(x) = x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1 Parity B:

∑c x 15

Parity B x =

j =13

15− j

= I x x mod GE x

where

∑c x 12

I x =

j =6

G E ( x) =

12− j

(x + α k ) ∏ k=0

represents the primitive root of the primitive polynomial. Gp(x) = x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1 27.3.4

Field ID0 The Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID0 shall be as shown in figure 46.

- 47 -

Pre-pit

Bit position

data frame number

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address 2

1 0001 Second byte of ECC block address 1 2 0010 Third byte of ECC block address 0 3 0011 First byte of Parity A 4 0100 Second byte of Parity A 5 0101 Third byte of Parity A 6 0110 Field ID (00) 7 0111 First byte of ECC block address 8 1000 Second byte of ECC block address 9 1001 Third byte of ECC block address 10 1010 Reserved 11 1011 Reserved 12 1100 Reserved 13 1101 First byte of Parity B 14 1110 Second byte of Parity B 15 1111 Third byte of Parity B * The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block

Part A

Part B

Figure 46 - Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID0 27.3.5

Field ID1 The Pre-pit block configuration of Field ID1 shall be as shown in figure 47. Pre-pit data

Bit position

frame number

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address

0001

Second byte of ECC block address

0010

Third byte of ECC block address

0011

First byte of Parity A

0100

Second byte of Parity A

0101

Third byte of Parity A

0110

Field ID (01)

0111

Application code

1000

Disk physical code

1001

First byte of Last address of Data Zone

1010

Second byte of Last address of Data Zone

1011

Third byte of Last address of Data Zone

1100

Reserved

1101

First byte of Parity B

1110

Second byte of Parity B

1111

Third byte of Parity B

* The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block Figure 47 - Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID1

Part A

Part B

- 48 -

27.3.5.1

Application code The Application code shall be specified as follows:

27.3.5.2

Bit Position 5

set to ZERO

Bit Position 6

set to ZERO

: Disk for restricted use (disk may be used for either , but not both, of the following purposes).

Bit Position 7 to 12

set to 000000

: General purpose disk for use only in general purpose drives.

Bit Position 7 to 12

set to others

: Special purpose disk for use only in special drives.

Bit Position 6

set to ONE

: Disk for unrestricted use (disk may be used for both of the following purposes).

Bit Position 7 to 12

set to 000000

: For use in general purpose drives

Bit Position 7 to 12

set to others

: For use in general purpose drives and also for use in consumer drives for a specific registered application to be defined.

Disk physical code Basic physical characteristics of the disk shall be specified in the Disk physical code field as shown in table 10. Table 10 - Disk physical code

Bit position 5 (msb) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (lsb) 27.3.5.3

Content Track pitch Reference velocity Disk diameter Reflectivity(1) Reflectivity(2) Media type(1) Media type(2) Reserved

Bit settings and meaning ZERO = 0,8 µm ONE = 0,74 m ZERO = 3,84 m/s ONE = 3,49 m/s ZERO = 120 mm ONE = 80 mm ZERO = 45 % to 85 % ONE = 18 % to 30% Reserved ZERO = Organic dye ONE = others Reserved Reserved

Last address of Data Zone The last ECC block address of the Data Zone shall be specified in hexadecimal notation in the Last Address of Data Zone field. The Last address of Data Zone does not indicate the maximum ECC block address of the disk but indicates the outer limit of the Data Zone. The Pre-pit physical block shall extend toward the outer diameter of the disk, beyond the zone indicated by the last address of Data Zone.

- 49 -

27.3.6

Field ID2 The Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID2 shall be as shown in figure 48. Pre-pit data frame

Bit position 0

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address

0001

Second byte of ECC block address

0010

Third byte of ECC block address

0011

First byte of Parity A

0100

Second byte of Parity A

0101

Third byte of Parity A

0110

Field ID (02)

0111

OPC suggested code

1000

Wavelength code

1001

First byte of Write strategy code

1010

Second byte of Write strategy code

1011

Third byte of Write strategy code

1100

Fourth byte of Write strategy code

1101

First byte of Parity B

1110

Second byte of Parity B

1111

Third byte of Parity B

Part A

Part B

* The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block Figure 48 - Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID2 27.3.6.1

OPC code The OPC code field shall either specify a recommended recording power for the disk, or be set to (00). The OPC code shall be as shown in table 11. Table 11 - OPC code OPC code

Recording power in mW

(00)

not specified

(01)

6,0

(02)

6,5

(03)

7,0

(04)

7,5

(05)

8,0

(06)

8,5

(07)

9,0

(08)

9,5

(09)

10,0

(0A)

10,5

(0B)

11,0

(0C)

11,5

(0D)

12,0

- 50 -

Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. 27.3.6.2

Wavelength code The wavelength code field shall specify the wavelength of the laser for the recommended recording power as shown in Table 12. If the OPC code is set to (00), then all bytes of this field shall be set to (00). Table 12 - Wavelength code Wavelength code

Wavelength in nm

(00)

not specified

(01)

630

(02)

631

(03)

632

(04)

633

(05)

634

(06)

635

(07)

636

(08)

637

(09)

638

(0A)

639

(0B)

640

Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. 27.3.6.3

Write Strategy code The write strategy code field indicates the optimum Write Strategy for the disk. The Write Strategy code field consists of several fields which shall be as shown in table 13. If the first byte in the Write Strategy code field in figure 48 is set to (00), the other Write Strategy code fields are invalid and all of the bytes of these fields (i.e. the second byte of the Write Strategy code field to the fourth byte) shall be set to (00). In the Tables 13 and 14 nTtop is the top pulse length of the write pulse when recording the nT data (n = 3 to 11 and 14) (see annex P). Table 13 - Write Strategy code field Pre-pit data frame

Content

3Ttop

4Ttop

5Ttop - 11Ttop, 14Ttop

Tmp

3 - 3Tld

3 - 3Ttr

3 - 4Tld

3 - 4Ttr

4 - 3Tld

4 - 3Ttr

4 - 4Tld

4 - 4Ttr

The Write Strategy code shall consist of 4 bits of nTtop code, 4 bits of Tmp code, 2 bits of Tld code and 2 bits of Ttr Code. The Write Strategy code shall be as shown in tables 14, 15, and 16.

- 51 -

Table 14 - nTtop code Code

3Ttop

4Ttop

5Ttop to 11Ttop, 14Ttop

Tmp

0001

1,00T

0,30T

0010

1,05T

0,35T

0011

1,10T

0,40T

0100

1,15T

0,45T

0101

1,20T

0,50T

0110

1,25T

0,55T

0111

1,30T

0,60T

1000

1,35T

0,65T

1001

1,40T

0,70T

1010

1,45T

0,75T

1011

1,50T

0,80T

1100

1,55T

0,85T

1101

1,60T

0,90T

1110

1,65T

0,95T

1111

1,70T

1,00T

Table 15 - Tld code Code 00 01 10 11

Tld 0,00T 0,05T -0,05T -0,10T

Table 16 - Ttr code Code 00 01 10 11 27.3.6.3.1

Ttr 0,00T 0,05T -0,05T -0,10T

3T top field, 4T top field, 5T top to 11T top and 14T top field, T mp field Each code selected out of table 14 shall be specified in each field.

27.3.6.3.2

3-3T ld field, 3-3T tr field, 3- 4T ld field, 3-4T tr field, 4-3T ld field, 4-3T tr field, 4-4T ld field, 4-4T tr field These fields shall specify Tld code and Ttr code which are selected from table 15 and table 16 according to the combination of the preceding space length and the recording data length, see annex P. In the case that the preceding space length is mT and the recording data length is nT, Tld shall be identified as m-nTld and Ttr shall be described as m-nTtr (m = 3, 4 and n = 3, 4).

27.3.7

Field ID3 to Field ID5 The Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID3 to Field ID5 shall be as shown in figures 54, 55 and 56. This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of the 18 bytes designated as Manufacturer ID. They shall be ignored in interchange.

- 52 -

Pre-pit

Bit position

data frame

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address

0001

Second byte of ECC block address

0010

Third byte of ECC block address

0011

First byte of Parity A

0100

Second byte of Parity A

0101

Third byte of Parity A

0110

Field ID (03)

0111

First byte of Manufacturer ID

1000

Second byte of Manufacturer ID

1001

Third byte of Manufacturer ID

1010

Fourth byte of Manufacturer ID

1011

Fifth byte of Manufacturer ID

1100

Sixth byte of Manufacturer ID

1101

First byte of Parity B

1110

Second byte of Parity B

1111

Third byte of Parity B

Part A

Part B

* The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block Figure 49- Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID3 Pre-pit

Bit position

data frame

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address

0001

Second byte of ECC block address

0010

Third byte of ECC block address

0011

First byte of Parity A

0100

Second byte of Parity A

0101

Third byte of Parity A

0110

Field ID (04)

0111

Seventh byte of Manufacturer ID

1000

Eighth byte of Manufacturer ID

1001

Ninth byte of Manufacturer ID

1010

Tenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1011

Eleventh byte of Manufacturer ID

1100

Twelfth byte of Manufacturer ID

1101

First byte of Parity B

1110

Second byte of Parity B

1111

Third byte of Parity B

* The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block Figure 50 - Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID4

Part A

Part B

- 53 -

Pre-pit

Bit position

data frame

1 to 4

5 (msb) to 12 (lsb)

Pre-pit SYNC code*

0000

First byte of ECC block address

0001

Second byte of ECC block address

0010

Third byte of ECC block address

0011

First byte of Parity A

0100

Second byte of Parity A

0101

Third byte of Parity A

0110

Field ID (05)

0111

Thirteenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1000

Fourteenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1001

Fifteenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1010

Sixteenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1011

Seventeenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1100

Eighteenth byte of Manufacturer ID

1101

First byte of Parity B

1110

Second byte of Parity B

1111

Third byte of Parity B

Part A

Part B

* The Pre-pit SYNC code is added to the Pre-pit data block to construct the Pre-pit physical block Figure 51 - Pre-pit data block configuration of Field ID5

28 28.1

Data structure of R-Information Zone Layout of Power Calibration Area and Recording Management Area The Power Calibration Area and Recording Management Area shown in figure 52 are located in front of the Lead-in Zone. R-Information Zone

PCA

RMA

Lead-in Zone

Start address of R-Information Zone ECC block address:

(002080)…………………………………………………………………………(002FFF)

Physical sector number (020800)…………………………………………………………………………(02FFFF) Figure 52 - Address layout of the R-Information Zone

28.2

Structure of the Power Calibration Area The Power Calibration Area shall be located from ECC block address (002080) to (00223A). The minimum segment for a power calibration shall be one Pre-pit physical sector and is referred to as a power calibration sector. The Power Calibration Area shall be constructed with 7 088 power calibration sectors. The structure of the Power Calibration Area is shown in figure 53. Power calibration shall be performed from the outside to the inside of the disk.

- 54 -

Power Calibration Area

7088 7087

7073

............ .

Power calibration direction

(002080) ECC Block address

(00223A)

98-0017-A

Figure 53 - Structure of the Power Calibration Area

28.3 28.3.1

Data configuration of the Recording Management Area (RMA) Sector format of the Recording Management Area (figure 59) The Recording Management Area shall be located from ECC block address (00223C) to (0024F8). The RMA shall be constructed with a RMA Lead-in and Recording Management Data (RMD). The size in bytes of the RMA Lead-in is 32 768 bytes and is constructed with the System Reserved Field of size 16 384 bytes and the Unique Identifier (ID) Field of size 16 384 bytes. The data in the System Reserved Field shall be set to (00). The Unique ID Field shall be constructed with eight units which have the same 2 048 bytes size and contents. The byte assignment of each unit shall be as shown in table 17.

PCA

RMA

Lead-in Zone Linking Loss Area

RMA Lead-in

First PCA

Linking Loss Area (32 768 bytes)

System Reserved Field (16 384 bytes)

Unique ID Field (16 384 bytes)

98-0059-A

Figure 54 - Layout of the Recording Management Area Table 17 - Contents of Unique ID Field BP 0 to 31

Content Vendor ID

32 to 39 40 to 55 56 to 63 64 to 79 80 to 87 88 to 105 106 to 2047

(00) Serial Number (00) Model Number (00) Unique Disk ID (00)

First RMD

- 55 -

Byte 0 to byte 31 - Vendor ID This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 32 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Byte 32 to byte 39 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). Byte 40 to byte 55 - Serial number This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 16 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Byte 56 to byte 63 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). Byte 64 to 79 - Model number This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 16 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Byte 80 to byte 87 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). Byte 88 to byte 105 - Unique Disk Identifier (ID) This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 18 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Byte 106 to byte 2 047 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). 28.3.2

Recording Management Data (RMD) Recording Management Data (RMD) shall contain the information about the recordings on the disk. The size of the RMD shall be 32 768 bytes. The data structure of the RMD shall be as shown in table 18.

- 56 -

Table 18 - Data structure of the Recording Management Data Sector Number

Field

Sector 0

Linking Loss Area

Sector 1

RMD Field0

Sector 2

RMD Field1

Sector 3

RMD Field2

Sector 4

RMD Field3

Sector 5

RMD Field4

Sector 6

RMD Field5

Sector 7

RMD Field6

Sector 8

RMD Field7

Sector 9

RMD Field8

Sector 10

RMD Field9

Sector 11

RMD Field10

Sector 12

RMD Field11

Sector 13

RMD Field12

Sector 14

RMD Field13

Sector 15

RMD Field14

Each RMD field shall be 2 048 bytes of Main Data and shall be recorded through the signal processing according to section 4 In order to record RMD incrementally, a Linking Loss Area of 2 048 bytes shall be selected. 28.3.2.1

RMD Field 0 RMD Field 0 shall specify general information of the disk and the contents of this field shall be as specified in table 19. Table 19 - RMD Field 0 BP 0 and 1 2 3 4 to 21 22 to 85 86 to 2 047

Contents RMD format Disk status Set to (00) Unique disk identifier Copy of Pre-recorded Information Set to (00)

Number of bytes 2 1 1 18 64 1 962

Bytes 0 and 1 - RMD format These bytes shall be set to (0001). Byte 2 - Disk status This field shall specify the disk status as follows. If set to (00), they specify that the disk is empty. If set to (01), they specify that the disk is in the “Disk-at once” recording mode. If set to (02), they specify that the disk is in the “incremental recording” mode. If set to (03), they specify that the disk is a finalized disk (for the case of “incremental recording”). Other settings are prohibited by this ECMA Standard.

- 57 -

Byte 3 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). Byte 4 to byte 21- Unique disk identifier This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 18 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Byte 22 to byte 85 - Copy of Pre-pit Information The copy of Pre-pit Information which is specified in 27.3 shall be recorded in this field. The recording format shall be as shown in table 20. Table 20 - Copy of Pre-pit Information BP

Contents

Field ID set to (01)

Application code

Disk physical code

25 to 27 28 to 29

Last address of Data Zone (see 27.3.5.3) Set to (00)

Field ID set to (02)

OPC code

Wavelength code

33 to 36

Write strategy code

Set to (00)

Field ID set to (03)

39 to 44

Manufacturer ID

Set to (00)

Field ID set to (04)

47 to 52

Manufacturer ID

Set to (00)

Field ID set to (05)

55 to 60

Manufacturer ID

61 to 85

Set to (00)

Byte 86 to byte 2 047 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). 28.3.2.2

RMD Field1 RMD Field1 shall contain OPC related information. In RMD Field1 it is possible to record OPC related information for up to 4 drives that may coexist in a system. In the case of a single drive system, OPC related information shall be recorded in field #1 and the other fields shall be set to (00). In every case, the unused fields of RMD Field1 shall be set to (00).

- 58 -

Table 21 - RMD Field1 BP 0 to 79 80 to 83

Contents Power calibration information Power calibration address

Number of bytes 80 4

84 to 107

Running OPC information

108 to 127

Set to (00)

Power calibration information Power calibration address

80 4

212 to 235

Running OPC information

236 to 255

Set to (00)

Power calibration information Power calibration address

80 4

340 to 363

Running OPC information

364 to 383

Set to (00)

Power calibration information Power calibration address

80 4

468 to 491

Running OPC information

492 to 511

Set to (00)

512 to 2 047

Set to (00)

1 536

128 to 207 208 to 211

256 to 335 336 to 339

384 to 463 464 to 467

Bytes 0 to 79, 128 to 207, 256 to 335, 384 to 463 - Power calibration information This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Bytes 80 to 83, 208 to 211, 336 to 339, 464 to 467 - Power calibration address These fields shall specify the start ECC block address of the PCA where the last power calibration was performed. Bytes 84 to 107, 212 to 235, 340 to 363, 468 to 491 - Running OPC information This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. Bytes 108 to 127, 236 to 255, 364 to 383, 492 to 511, 512 to 2 047 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). 28.3.2.3

RMD Field2 RMD Field2 may specify user specific data as shown in table 23.. This ECMA Standard does not specify the format and the content of these bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange.

28.3.2.4

RMD Field3 If multiple-Border Recordings are performed, Border Zone information shall be recorded in RMD Field3 as shown in table 24. If the RMD is recorded before the first Border closing or no Borders are recorded, all fields of RMD Field3 shall be set to (00).

- 59 -

Table 22 - RMD Field3 BP 0 to 3 4 to 7 : 2 044 to 2 047 28.3.2.5

Contents Start sector number of the Border-out Area #1 Start sector number of the Border-out Area #2 : Start sector number of the Border-out Area #n

Number of bytes 4 4 : 4

RMD Field4 RMD Field4 shall specify the information of RZone and the contents of this field shall be as specified in table 23. The portion of the Data Zone that is reserved for recording user data is called the RZone. The RZone shall be divided into 2 types depending on the recording conditions. In an Open Rzone, additional data can be appended. In a Complete Rzone, no further user data can be appended. There shall not be more than two Open RZones in a Data Zone. The portion of the Data Zone that is not yet reserved for recording data is called the Invisible RZone. Zones for subsequent RZones can be reserved in the Invisible RZone. If no further data can be appended, no Invisible RZone exists. Table 23 - RMD Field4 BP 0 and 1 2 and 3 4 and 5 6 to15 16 to 19 20 to 23 24 to 27 28 to 31 : 2 040 to 2 043 2 044 to 2 047

Contents Invisible Rzone number First Open Rzone number Second Open RZone number Set to (00) Start sector number of RZone #1 Last recorded address of RZone #1 Start sector number of RZone #2 Last recorded address of RZone #2 : Start sector number of RZone #254 Last recorded address of RZone #254

Number of bytes 2 2 2 10 4 4 4 4 : 4 4

Bytes 0 and 1 - Invisible RZone number This field shall specify the Invisible RZone number. The Invisible RZone number shall be the total number of Invisible RZones, Open RZones and Complete RZones. Bytes 2 and 3 - First Open RZone number This field shall specify the first Open RZone number. If there is no first Open RZone, all bytes of this field shall be set to (00). Bytes 4 and 5 - Second Open RZone number This field shall specify the second Open RZone number. If there is no second Open RZone, all bytes of this field shall be set to (00). Bytes 6 to 15 - Reserved These bytes shall be set to (00). Bytes 16 to 19, 24 to 27,..., 2 040 to 2 043 - Start sector number of RZone #n (n = 1, 2,..., 254) These fields shall specify the start sector number of the RZone. If these fields are set to (00), there is no RZone for this RZone number.

- 60 -

Bytes 20 to 23, 28 to 31,... , 2 044 to 2 047 - Last recorded address of RZone #n (n = 1, 2,... , 254) These fields shall specify the last recorded sector number of the RZone. If these fields are set to (00), there is no RZone reserved for this RZone number. 28.3.2.6

RMD Field5 to RMD Field12 RMD Field5 to RMD Field12 may specify the information of the RZone and the contents of this field shall be as specified in table 24. If these fields are not used, they shall all be set to (00). Table 24 - RMD Field 5 to RMD Field12 BP

Contents

0 to 3

Start sector number of the Rzone #n

4 to 7

Start sector number of the Rzone #n

8 to 11

Start sector number of the Rzone #n+1

12 to 15

Last recorded address of the Rzone #n+1

Last recorded address of the Rzone #n+255

: 2 044 to 2 047

Each #n of RMD Field5 to RMD Field12 shall be as follows. RMD Field5 RMD Field6 RMD Field7 RMD Field8 RMD Field9 RMD Field10 RMD Field11 RMD Field12 28.3.2.7

Number of bytes

: #n = 255 : #n = 511 : #n = 767 : #n = 1 023 : #n = 1 279 : #n = 1 535 : #n = 1 791 : #n = 2 047

RMD Field13 and RMD Field 14 RMD Field13 and RMD Field14 shall be set to (00).

- 61 -

Annex A (normative)

Measurement of the angular deviation

The angular deviation is the angle beam (figure A.1.).

formed by an incident beam perpendicular to the Reference Plane P with the reflected

Figure A.1 - Angular deviation For measuring the angular deviation , the disk shall be clamped between two concentric rings covering most of the Clamping Zone. The top clamping area shall have the same diameters as the bottom clamping area. + 0,5 mm

din = 22,3 mm

- 0,0 mm

+ 0,0 mm

dout = 32,7 mm

- 0,5 mm

The total clamping force shall be F1 = 2,0 N 0,5 N. In order to prevent warping of the disk under the moment of force generated by the clamping force and the chucking force F2 exerted on the rim of the centre hole of the disk, F2 shall not exceed 0,5 N (figure A.2). This measurement shall be made under the conditions of 8.1.1.a).

- 62 -

Figure A.2 - Clamping and chucking conditions

- 63 -

Annex B (normative)

Measurement of birefringence

B.1

Principle of the measurement In order to measure the birefringence, circularly polarized light in a parallel beam is used. The phase retardation is measured by observing the ellipticity of the reflected light.

Figure B.1 - Ellipse with ellipticity e = b/a and orientation The orientation of the ellipse is determined by the orientation of the optical axis

= - /4

(I)

where is the angle between the optical axis and the radial direction. The ellipticity e = b/a is a function of the phase retardation

1  π   − δ 2  2  

e = tan 

(II)

When the phase retardation is known the birefringence BR can be expressed as a fraction of the wavelength

δ nm (III) 2π Thus, by observing the elliptically polarized light reflected from the disk, the birefringence can be measured and the orientation of the optical axis can be assessed as well. BR =

B.2

Measurements conditions The measurement of the birefringence specified above shall be made under the following conditions. Mode of measurement in reflection, double pass through the substrate Wavelength of the laser light

640 nm 15 nm

Beam diameter (FWHM)

1,0 mm 0,2 mm

Angle of incidence in radial direction relative to the radial plane perpendicular to Reference Plane P

7,0 0,2

- 64 -

B.3

Clamping and chucking conditions

as specified by annex A

Disk mounting

horizontally

Rotation

less than 1 Hz

Temperature and relative humidity

as specified in 8.1.1)

Example of a measuring set-up Whilst this ECMA Standard does not prescribe a specific device for measuring birefringence, the device shown schematically in figure B.2 as an example, is well suited for this measurement.

Figure B.2 - Example of a device for the measurement of birefringence Light from a laser source, collimated into a polarizer ( extinction ratio 10-5 ), is made circular by a /4 plate. The ellipticity of the reflected light is analyzed by a rotating analyzer and a photo detector. For every location on the disk, the minimum and the maximum values of the intensity are measured. The ellipticity can then be calculated as e2 = Imin / Imax

(IV)

Combining equations II, III and IV yields BR = /4 - /

arctan

I min I max

This device can be easily calibrated as follows

Imin is set to 0 by measuring a polarizer or a / 4 plate, Imin = Imax when measuring a mirror Apart of the d.c. contribution of the front surface reflection, a.c. components may occur, due to the interference of the reflection(s) of the front surface with the reflection(s) from the recorded layer. These a.c. reflectance effects are significant only if the disk substrate has an extremely accurate flatness and if the light source has a high coherence.

- 65 -

Annex C (normative)

Measurement of the differential phase tracking error

C.1

Measuring method for the differential phase tracking error The reference circuit for the measurement of the tracking error shall be that shown in figure C.1. Each output of the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant photo detector shall be digitized independently after equalization of the wave form defined by H(s) = (1 + 1,6

10-7 i) / (1 + 4,7

10-8 i)

The gain of the comparators shall be sufficient to reach full saturation on the outputs, even with minimum signal amplitudes. Phases of the digitized pulse signal edges (signals B1 and B2) shall be compared to each other to produce a time-lead signal C1 and a time-lag signal C2. The phase comparator shall react to each individual edge with signal C1 or C2, depending on the sign of ti. A tracking error signal shall be produced by smoothing the C1, C2 signals with low-pass filters and by substracting by means of a unity gain differential amplifier. The low-pass filters shall be 1st order filters with a cut-off frequency of (-3 dB) 30 kHz. Special attention shall be given to the implementation of the circuit because very small time differences have to be measured, indeed 1 % of T equals only 0,38 ns. Careful averaging is needed. The average time difference between two signals from the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant detector shall be ∆t = 1/N ti where N is the number of edges both rising and falling.

C.2

Measurement of ∆t /T without time interval analyzer The relative time difference ∆t /T is represented by the amplitude of the tracking error signal provided that the amplitudes of the C1 and C2 signals and the frequency component of the read-out signals are normalized. The relation between the tracking error amplitude ∆TVE and the time difference is given by

∆TVE =

∑ ∆t Vpc = ∑ ∆t Vpc = ∆t × Vpc N nT T n ∑T i

where Vpc is the amplitude of the C1 and C2 signals Ti is the actual length of the read-out signal in the range 3T to 14T nT is the weighted average value of the actual lengths N n T is the total averaging time Assuming that Vpc equals 5 V and that the measured value of n equals 5, then the above relation between the tracking error amplitude ∆TVE and the time difference ∆t can be simplified to ∆TVE = ∆t / T The specification for the tracking gain can now be rewritten by using the tracking error amplitude as follows

- 66 -

0,5 (Vpc/n) ∆TVE 1,1 (Vpc/n) at 0,1 m radial offset.

C.3

Calibration of ∆t /T As the gain of the phase comparator tends to vary, special attention shall be given to the calibration of the gain of the phase comparator. The following check and calibration method shall be applied for the measurement of the DPD tracking error signal. a) Checking the measurement circuit a.1) Measure the relation between the amplitude of the first comparator input ( 3T) and the amplitude of the tracking error signal. a.2) Check the current gain of the amplifier, using the saturation area (see figure C.2). b) Determination of the calibration factor K b.1) Generate two sinusoidal signals A1 and A2 of frequency 2,616 MHz (corresponding to 5T) with phase difference, and feed them into two equalizer circuits. b.2) Measure the relation between ∆t /T and ∆TVE / Vpc. ( ∆TVE / Vpc) K = ( ∆t / T) / n K = (0,2 ∆t /T) / ( ∆TVE / Vpc) for n = 5 The relation between ∆t /T and ∆TVE / Vpc is linear ( see figure C.3) c) Compare the measured ∆t /T with the calculated one c.1) Measure ∆t /T using the method of C.1. c.2) Calculate ∆t /T(real) as follows ∆t /T (real) = K

∆t /T (measured)

- 67 -

Figure C.1 - Circuit for tracking error measurements

- 68 -

Figure C.2 - Comparator input signal amplitude vs tracking error signal amplitude

Figure C.3 - ∆t /T vs ∆TVE / Vpc

- 69 -

Annex D (normative)

Measurement of light reflectance

D.1

Calibration method A good reference disk shall be chosen, for instance 0,6 mm glass disk with a golden reflective mirror. This reference disk shall be measured by a parallel beam as shown in figure D.1

Figure D.1 - Reflectance calibration In this figure the following applies. I

= incident beam

= reflectance of the entrance surface

= main reflectance of the recorded layer

Rint

= other reflectances of the entrance surface and of the recorded layer

R//

= measured value, using the arrangement of figure D.1

R// = r + Rs + Rint r = (n-1) / (n+1) )2 where n is the refraction index of the substrate Rs = R// - r -Rint Rs = (1-r)2

(R// - r) / 1-r

(2 - R//)

The reference disk shall be measured on a reference drive and Imirror measured by the focused beam is equated to Rs as determined above. Now the arrangement is calibrated and the focused reflectivity is a linear function of the reflectivity of the recorded layer, independently from the reflectivity of the entrance surface.

- 70 -

D.2

Measuring method The measuring method comprises the following steps. a) Measure the reflective light power Ds from the reference disk with calibrated reflectivity Rs b) Measure I14H in the Information Zone of the disk (see 13.2). c) Calculate the reflectivity as follows R14 H = Rs ×

I14 H Ds

- 71 -

Annex E (normative)

Tapered cone for disk clamping

The device used for centring the disk for measurement shall be a cone with a taper angle = 40,0± 0,5° (see figure E.1).

Figure E.1 - Tapered cone

- 72 -

- 73 -

Annex F (normative)

Measurement of jitter

Jitter shall be measured under the conditions of 9.1 with the additional conditions specified in this annex.

F.1

System diagram for jitter measurement The general system diagram for jitter measurement shall be as shown in figure F.1.

Figure F.1 - General diagram for jitter measurement

- 74 -

F.2

Open loop transfer function for PLL The open-loop transfer function for the PLL shown in figure F.1 shall be as shown in figure F.2

Figure F.2 - Schematic representation of the open-loop transfer function for PLL

F.3

Slicer The slicer shall be a feed-back auto-slicer with a -3 dB closed-loop bandwidth of 5 kHz, 1st order integrating

F.4

Conditions for measurement The bandwidth of the pre-amplifier of the photo detector shall be greater than 20 MHz in order to prevent group-delay distortion. Low-pass filter : 6th order Bessel filter, c (-3 dB) = 8,2 MHz Example of an analogue equalizer : 3-tap transversal filter with transfer function H(z) =1,35 z-2,093 - 0,175 (1 + z-4,186)

Filtering and equalization :

Gain variation : 1 dB max. (below 7 MHz) Group delay variation : 3 ns max. (below 6,5 MHz) (Gain at 5,0 MHz - Gain at 0 Hz) = 3,2 dB 0,3 dB a.c. coupling (high-pass filter) = 1st order, c (-3 dB) = 1 kHz Correction of the angular deviation : only d.c. deviation.

- 75 -

Figure F.3 - Frequency characteristics for the equalizer and the low-pass filter

F.5

Measurement The jitter of all leading and trailing edges over one rotation shall be measured. Under this measurement, the jitter shall be less than 8,0 % of the Channel bit clock period.

- 76 -

- 77 -

Annex G (normative)

8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements

Tables G.1 and G.2 list the 16-bit Code Words into which the 8-bit coded Data bytes have to be transformed. Figure G.1 shows schematically how the Code Words and the associated State specification are generated.

Figure G.1 - Code Words generation In this figure : X(t) = H {B(t), S(t)} S(t+1) =G{B(t), S(t)} H is the output function G is the next-state function

X15(t) = msb and X0(t) = lsb

The Code Words leaving the States shall be chosen so that the concatenation of Code Words entering a State and those leaving that State satisfy the requirement that between two ONEs there shall be at least 2 and at most 10 ZEROs. As additional requirements:

Code Words leaving State 2 shall have both bit x15 and bit x3 set to ZERO, and in Code Words leaving State 3 bit x15 or bit x3 or both shall be set to ONE. This means that the Code Word sets of States 2 and 3 are disjoint.

- 78 -

Code Word X(t)

Next State S(t+1)

Code Word X(t+1)

Ends with 1 or no trailing ZERO

State 1

Starts with 2 or up to 9 leading ZEROs

Ends with 2 or up to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 2

Ends with 2 or up to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 3

Starts with 1 or up to 5 leading ZEROs, and X15(t+1),X3(t+1) = 0,0 Starts with none or up to 5 leading ZEROs, and X15(t+1),X3(t+1) 0,0

Ends with 6 or up to 9 trailing ZEROs

State 4

Starts with 1 or no leading ZERO

Figure G.2 - Determination of States Note that when decoding the recorded data, knowledge about the encoder is required to be able to reconstitute the original main Data. B(t) = H-1 {X(t), S(t)} Because of the involved error propagation, such state-dependent decoding is to be avoided. In the case of this 8-to-16 modulation, the conversion tables have been chosen in such a way that knowledge about the State is not required in most cases. As can be gathered from the tables, in some cases, two 8-bit bytes, for instance the 8-bit bytes 5 and 6 in States 1 and 2 in table G.1, generate the same 16-bit Code Words. The construction of the tables allows to solve this apparent ambiguity. Indeed, if two identical Code Words leave a State, one of them goes to State 2 and the other to State 3. Because the setting of bits X15 and X3 is always different in these two States, any Code Word can be uniquely decoded by analysing the Code Word itself together with bits X15 and X3 of the next Code Word : B(t) = H-1 { X(t), X15(t+1), X3(t+1) } In the tables, the 8-bit bytes are identified by their decimal value.

- 79 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table

8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

State 1 State 2 State 3 Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb 0010000000001001 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0010000001001001 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0001000000001001 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0010000010001000 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0001000010010000 0001000001001000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0001000001001000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0010000001000100 0010000010001000 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0000001000000001

1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 1

0100000100100000 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0100010010000000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0100000000010010 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0100000000100100 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0100000010010000 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0100000000100100 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0100000010010000 0001000010010000 0100000100100000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0100001001000000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0100100100000001 0010000001000100 0100010010000001 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0100010001000000

2 1 2 4 2 2 3 1 3 3 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 4 4 4

0010000000001001 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0010000001001000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0010000001001000 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0010000001001001 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0001000000001001 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0010000010001000 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0010000000001000 1001001000000010 0001000001001000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0001000001001000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0010000000001000 1001000010000000 0010000010001000 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 1000001001000010

State 4 Next Next Code Word State msb lsb State 1 3 1 2 2 4 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 1

0100000100100000 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0100010010000000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0100000000010010 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0100000000100100 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0100000010010000 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0100000000100100 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0100000010010000 1001001000000010 0100000100100000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0100001001000000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0100100100000001 1001000010000000 0100010010000001 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 0100010001000000

2 3 1 4 2 4 4 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 3 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 4

continued

- 80 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued)

8-bit byte 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4 Next Next Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State 0010010010000010 0010000010001001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001 0001000001001001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0000100000001001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0010000100001000 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0001000010001000 0001001000100000 0001000000001000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0000100001001000 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0000100001001000 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0001000000001000 0001000001000100 0001000010001000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0010000100001000 0010001000010000 0010010000100000

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

0010010010000010 0100001001000001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001 0100000100100001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0100000010010001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0100000000100010 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0100001000100000 0001001000100000 0100000100010000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0100000001000100 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0100000001000100 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0100000100010000 0001000001000100 0100001000100000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0100000000010001 0010001000010000 0010010000100000

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3

1000001000100001 0010000010001001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000 0001000001001001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0000100000001001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0010000100001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0001000010001000 0100000010001000 0001000000001000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0000100001001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0000100001001000 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0001000000001000 1001001000100100 0001000010001000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0010000100001000 1000100010000010 1000100001000001

1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1

1000001000100001 0100001001000001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000 0100000100100001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0100000010010001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000000100010 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100001000100000 0100000010001000 0100000100010000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000001000100 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0100000001000100 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0100000100010000 1001001000100100 0100001000100000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0100000000010001 1000100010000010 1000100001000001

1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 81 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued)

8-bit byte

State 1 State 2 State 3 Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb

95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

0000001000000010 0000000100000001 0010010010001001 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0010001001001001 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0010000100001001 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0001000010001001 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0000100001001001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0000010000001001 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0001000100001000 0010000100100100 0000100010001000 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0000100000001000 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3

0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0100010010000010 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0100001000010000 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0100010000100000 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0100010001000001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0100001001000010 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0100001000100001 0010001001000100 0100000100100010 0010000100100100 0100000100010001 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0100000010010010 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0100000001000010 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3

1000010010010010 1000010010001001 0010010010001001 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0010001001001001 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0010000100001001 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0001000010001001 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0000100001001001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0000010000001001 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0010001000001000 1000001001000100 0001000100001000 1000001000001000 0000100010001000 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0000100000001000 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0000010001001000 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100

State 4 Next Next Code Word State msb lsb State 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3

0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0100010010000010 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0100001000010000 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0100010000100000 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0100010001000001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0100001001000010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0100001000100001 1000001001000100 0100000100100010 1000001000001000 0100000100010001 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0100000010010010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0100000001000010 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100

1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3

- 82 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued)

8-bit byte

State 1 State 2 Next Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb

144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192

0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000100000001000 0000100001000100 0000100010001000 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0001000100001000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0000001000010010 0000001000001001 0000000100000010 0000000010000001 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0010010001001001 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010 0010001000001001 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0001001001001001 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0001000100001001 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0000100010001001 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0000010001001001 0000010000010001 0000001001001000 0000001000100100 0000001000000100

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

0100000010000100 0000010010010000 0100000000010000 0000100001000100 0100000010000100 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0100001000010000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0100000000100001 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0100100100000100 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010 0100100000100000 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0100100010000010 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0100100000100000 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0100010010000100 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0100100001000001 0000010000010001 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100

State 3 State 4 Next Next Code Word Code Word State msb lsb State msb lsb 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

0000010001001000 1001000001000000 0000100000001000 1000000000100000 0000100010001000 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0001000100001000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0010001000001000 1000100100000100 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 1000100100010001 1000100010010010 1000100010001001 1000100001000010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0010010001001001 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001 0010001000001001 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0001001001001001 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0001000100001001 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0000100010001001 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0000010001001001 1000100000010000 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 1000010000001000

3 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

0100000010000100 1001000001000000 0100000000010000 1000000000100000 0100000010000100 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0100001000010000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0100000000100001 0100100100000000 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0100100100000100 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001 0100100000100000 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0100100010000010 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0100100000100000 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0100010010000100 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0100100001000001 1000100000010000 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100

Next State 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

- 83 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (continued)

8-bit byte

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4 Next Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb

193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241

0010010010001000 0010010001000100 0010010000001000 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0010001001001000 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0001001000001000 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 0000010001000100 0000010000001000 0000001000000100 0000001000100100 0000001001001000 0000010000001000 0000010001000100 0000010010001000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0000100100001000 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0001001000001000 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 0010010001000100 0010010010001000 0010000001000000 0000001001001001 0000001000100010 0000001000010001 0000000100010010 0000000100001001 0000000010000010 0000000001000001 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0010010000001001 0010000100000001

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0100010000010000 0010010001000100 0100010010010010 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0100010001000010 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0100010000100001 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 0000010001000100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0000010001000100 0100000000100000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0100000100000100 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0100000100100100 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 0010010001000100 0100000000100000 0010000001000000 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0100100010000100 0010000100000001

3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1

0010010010001000 1000001001001000 0010010000001000 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0010001001001000 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0001001000001000 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 1000001000100100 0000010000001000 1000010000001000 1000001001001000 1000001000000100 0000010000001000 0100001000001000 0000010010001000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0000100100001000 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0001001000001000 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 1001000100001000 0010010010001000 1001001000100001 1001000100100010 1001000100010001 1001000010010010 1001000010001001 1001000001000010 1001000000100001 1000100100100001 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0010010000001001 1001000010000100

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2

0100010000010000 1000001001001000 0100010010010010 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0100010001000010 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0100010000100001 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 1000001000100100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0100001000001000 0100000000100000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0100000100000100 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0100000100100100 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 1001000100001000 0100000000100000 1001001000100001 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0100100010000100 1001000010000100

Next State 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 2

- 84 -

Table G.1 - Main Conversion Table (concluded)

8-bit byte

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4 Next Next Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State

242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255

0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0001001000001001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0000100100001001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0000010010001001 0000010000100001 0000001001000100 0000001000001000

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0100100000100001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0100010010010001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0100010000100010 0000010000100001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0001001000001001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0000100100001001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0000010010001001 0100100010001001 1001000000010000 1000100100010000

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0100100000100001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0100010010010001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0100010000100010 0100100010001001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 85 -

Table G.2 - Substitution table (to be continued)

8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4 Next Next Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State 0000010010000000 0000100100000000 0001001000000000 0000001001000000 0000000100100000 0000000010010000 0000000001001000 0000000001001000 0000000010010000 0000000100100000 0000010001000000 0000100010000000 0001000100000000 0010001000000000 0000001000100000 0000000100010000 0000000010001000 0000000001000100 0000000001000100 0000000010001000 0000000100010000 0000001000100000 0000010010000001 0000100100000001 0001001000000001 0010010000000001 0000000001001001 0000000010010001 0000000100100001 0000001001000001 0000100001000000 0001000010000000 0010000100000000 0000010000100000 0000001000010000 0000000100001000 0000000010000100 0000010000100000 0000000010000100 0000000100001000 0000001000010000 0000010001000001 0000010010000010 0000100010000001 0000100100000010 0001000100000001 0001001000000010

4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

0000010010000000 0000100100000000 0001001000000000 0100010000000001 0100100000000010 0100001000000000 0100100000000100 0100000100000000 0100100010010000 0100100000100100 0000010001000000 0000100010000000 0001000100000000 0010001000000000 0100100000000100 0100100010010000 0100001000000001 0100010000000010 0100100000100100 0100100100100000 0100100100100000 0100100000010010 0000010010000001 0000100100000001 0001001000000001 0010010000000001 0100010000000100 0100000100000001 0100010000000100 0100001000000010 0000100001000000 0001000010000000 0010000100000000 0000010000100000 0100010000010010 0100100000010001 0100000010000000 0000010000100000 0100010000100100 0100010000100100 0100100000100010 0000010001000001 0000010010000010 0000100010000001 0000100100000010 0001000100000001 0001001000000010

4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 1 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0100100001001000 0100100001001000 0100100000001001 1000001000000000 1001000000000100 1001000000100100 1001000001001000 1001000000000100 1001000000100100 1001000001001000 1001001001000000 1000100001001000 0100010001001000 1000100000000100 1001000010010000 1001000100100000 0100100000001000 0100100010001000 1001000010010000 1001000100100000 0100010001001000 0100100000001000 1000100000100100 1000100010010000 0100100010001000 1000100000000100 1000010000000001 1000100000000010 1001000000001001 1001000000010010 1000100000100100 1000100001001000 0100010000001001 0100100001001001 1000100100100000 1001000000001000 1001000001000100 1000001000000001 1000100010010000 1000100100100000 1001000000001000 1000010000000010 1000000100000000 1001000001000100 1000100000001001 1001000010001000 1001000100010000

2 3 1 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 3 3

0100100001001000 0100100001001000 0100100000001001 0100010000000001 0100100000000010 0100001000000000 0100100000000100 0100000100000000 0100100010010000 0100100000100100 1001001001000000 1000100001001000 0100010001001000 1000100000000100 0100100000000100 0100100010010000 0100001000000001 0100010000000010 0100100000100100 0100100100100000 0100100100100000 0100100000010010 1000100000100100 1000100010010000 0100100010001000 1000100000000100 0100010000000100 0100000100000001 0100010000000100 0100001000000010 1000100000100100 1000100001001000 0100010000001001 0100100001001001 0100010000010010 0100100000010001 0100000010000000 1000001000000001 0100010000100100 0100010000100100 0100100000100010 1000010000000010 1000000100000000 1001000001000100 1000100000001001 1001000010001000 1001000100010000

2 3 1 1 1 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 3

- 86 -

Table G.2 - Substitution table (concluded)

8-bit byte 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4 Next Next Next Next Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State msb lsb State 0010001000000001 0010010000000010 0000000001000010 0000000010001001 0000000010010010 0000000100010001 0000000100100010 0000001000100001 0000001001000010 0001000001000000 0010000010000000 0010010010010000 0010010001001000 0010010000100100 0010010000000100 0001001001001000 0001001000100100 0001001000000100 0000100100100100 0000100100000100 0000100000100000 0000010010000100 0000010000010000 0000001001000100 0000001000001000 0000000100100100 0000000100000100 0000010000010000 0001001001001000 0000010010000100 0000100000100000 0010010001001000 0000100100000100 0000100100100100 0001001000000100 0001001000100100 0010010000000100 0010010000100100 0010010010010000 0000000100000100 0000000100100100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

0010001000000001 0010010000000010 0100100010010001 0100100001000100 0100010010010000 0100010010010000 0100100001000100 0100100100100001 0100100100010000 0001000001000000 0010000010000000 0010010010010000 0100100100010000 0010010000100100 0010010000000100 0100000010000001 0001001000100100 0001001000000100 0000100100100100 0000100100000100 0000100000100000 0000010010000100 0000010000010000 0100001000000100 0100100000010000 0100010001000100 0100001000100100 0000010000010000 0100001000000100 0000010010000100 0000100000100000 0100000100000010 0000100100000100 0000100100100100 0001001000000100 0001001000100100 0010010000000100 0010010000100100 0010010010010000 0100001000100100 0100010001000100

1 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 4 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1000100000010010 0100010000001000 1001000000010001 1001000000100010 1001000001001001 1001000010010001 1001000100100001 1001001001000001 0100001000001001 1001001000100000 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 0010010001001000 1001001000100000 0100001001001000 0001001001001000 0100001001001000 0100010010001000 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 1000100000001000 1000100010001000 1000100100010000 1001000000010000 1000100001000100 0001001001001000 0100010000001000 0100010010001000 0010010001001000 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 1000100000001000 0100010001001001 1000100001000100 1000100010001000

1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

1000100000010010 0100010000001000 0100100010010001 0100100001000100 0100010010010000 0100010010010000 0100100001000100 0100100100100001 0100100100010000 1001001000100000 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 0100100100010000 1001001000100000 0100001001001000 0100000010000001 0100001001001000 0100010010001000 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 0100001000000100 0100100000010000 0100010001000100 0100001000100100 1000100001000100 0100001000000100 0100010000001000 0100010010001000 0100000100000010 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 1000100000001000 0100010001001001 0100001000100100 0100010001000100

1 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

- 87 -

Annex H (Normative)

Border Zone

H.1

The contstruction The Border Zone is a linking region that prevents the optical pick up from over running when a DVD-R disk which is still open for appending data is played back on a DVD-Read-Only drive. The Border Zone shall have a next Border Marker to recognize the next Bordered Area. The Border Zone shall be constructed with the current Border-out and the next Border-in. The structure shall be as shown in figure H.1.

Border Zone The current Border-out

The Next Border-in

98-0060-A

Figure H.1 - Structure of the Border Zone The Border Zone for various states of a DVD-R disk are shown in figure H.2

(a) First Data Area structure Bordered Area

Data Area Data Recordable Area

Lead-in

Border-out

(b) Middle Data Area structure Bordered Area

Data Area Data Recordable Area

Border-in (c) Last Data Area structure Bordered Area

Border-in

Border-out

Data Area

Border-out

98-0078-A

Figure H.2 - Each state of the Border Zone

Lead-out

- 88 -

Information Area Data Area Bordered Area Border Zone Border-out

Lead-in

Border Zone

Border-in

Border-out

Border-in

Border-out

Lead-out

98-0079-A

Figure H.3 - State of the Border Zone after fianalization

H.2

Border Zone Size The size of a Border Zone depends on its location and the order. The First Border Zone is at least 0,5 mm in extent. The other Border Zones are at least 0,1mm in extent. The minimum sector number of a Border-out shall be larger than (3D6FF). Border-out shall be started at an ECC block boundary. The size of a Border Zone shall be shown in table H.1. Table H.1 - Size of Border Zone The physical sector number of (3D700) to (9DAFF) the Border-out First Border Zone size 32 MB 1 024 ECC blocks The other Border Zone size

H.3

6 MB 192 ECC blocks

(9DB00) to (1342FF)

(134300) to

64 MB 2 048 ECC blocks

96 MB 3 072 ECC blocks

12MB 384 ECC blocks

18MB 576 ECC blocks

Border Zone Information

H.3.1

Border Zone construction The Border Zone construction is shown in figure H.4. The contents of each unit are shown in table H.2. Each unit shall be one ECC block.

Border Zone The current Border-out \\

One unit = 1 ECC block (16 sectors)

The Next Border-in \\

N N N N N N N +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6

0 1 2 3 4 Copies of RMD

Stop Block Next Border Marker

98-0063-A

Figure H.4 - Border Zone construction

- 89 -

The address of the first Next Border Marker shall equal ((Start sector number of the next Border-in) + (Start sector number of the current Border-out)) / 2 The start sector number of the next Border-in and the start sector number of the current Border-out shall be recorded in the Lead-in or the Border-in. In table H.2, the Unit Position indicates relative position from the beginning of Border Zone, and M and N depend on the location and order of each Border Zone. Table H.2 - Configuration of Border Zone Border-out

Border-in

Unit Position 0 to 04

Contents Current RMD

05 to 36 37 & 38

Set to (00) Stop Block

39 to M-1 M to M + 1

Set to (00) Next Border Marker #1

M+2

Block SYNC Guard Area #1

M + 3 to M + 9

Set to (00)

M + 10 to M + 11 M + 12

Next Border Marker #2 Block SYNC Guard Area #2

M + 13 to M + 19 M + 20 to M + 21 M + 22 M + 23 to N - 1 N

Set to (00) Next Border Marker #3 Block SYNC Guard Area #3 Set to (00) Linking Loss Area

N + 1 to N + 5 N+6

Modified Control Data Block SYNC Guard Area

Unit Positions 0 to 4 This area shall contain the current RMD. In this area, 5 copies of the latest RMD shall be recorded from the beginning of Border-out. Unit Positions 5 to 36 These bytes shall be set to (00) Unit Positions 37 and 38 This area shall contain the Stop Block. The area type of the Stop Block shall be Lead-out attribute and the Main Data of this block shall be set to (00) Unit Positions 39 to M-1 These bytes shall be set to (00) Unit Positions M and M+1 This area shall contain the Next Border marker #1. The Next Border Marker is arranged in the Border-out to recognize the next Bordered Area. If there is no next Bordered Area, this Next Border Marker shall not be recorded. If there is a next Bordered Area, this Next Border Marker shall be recorded with data (00). The Next Border Marker structure is shown in figure H.5.

- 90 -

Unit M-1

Unit M

1 ECC block

Unit M+1

Unrecorded

Unit M+2

Block SYNC Guard Area#1

98-0061-A

Figure H.5 - Next Border Marker structure Unit Position M+2 This area shall be Block SYNC Guard Area #1 The Block SYNC Guard Area #1 shall be used to read data which are recorded in the following ECC blocks. After recording data in the Next Border marker, this area shall be the Linking Loss Area. See clause 22. Unit Positions M+3 to M+9 Set to (00) Unit Positions M+10 and M+11 This area shall contain the Next Border Marker #2. It is the same as Next Border Marker #1. Unit Position M+12 This area shall contain Block SYNC Guard Area #2 It is the same as Block SYNC Guard Area #1. Unit Positions M+13 to M+19 Set to (00) Unit Positions M+20 and M+21 This area shall contain Next Border Marker #3. It is the same as Next Border Marker #1. Unit Position M+22 This area shall contain Block SYNC Guard Area #3. It is the same as Block SYNC Guard Area #1. Unit Positions M+23 to N-1 Set to (00) Unit Position N This area shall contain the Linking Loss Area. See clause 22. Unit Positions N+1 to N+5 This area shall be Modified Control Data. In these units, the same data shall be recorded five times. This field shall specify control data which contains the updated start sector number of the current Border-out (byte position 32 to 35) and the updated start sector number of the next Border-in (byte position 36 to 39). See clause 25.2.

- 91 -

Unit Position N+6 This area shall be Block SYNC Guard Area . It is the same as Block SYNC Guard Area #1.

- 92 -

- 93 -

Annex J (normative)

Optimum Power Control The laser power used for recording a disk is dependent on both the disk and the drive that are actually used, therefore this power is determined for the combination of each drive and disk. Such a determination of the actual optimum recording power Po is called Optimum Power Control (OPC). To facilitate OPC, a reference value for the recording power is given. This value is encoded as special information in the prepits except in the Lead-in Zone (see 27.0). This value is the OPC suggested code for a wavelength specified as the Wavelength Code at the reference speed. The OPC shall be performed in an area on the DVD-R disk that is specially reserved for this purpose. This is the Power Calibration Area (PCA) (see 28.0). The optimum recording power shall be determined as the laser power at which jitter is minimized at the measuring conditions of the recorded disk specifications (see 9.0). One example of an OPC procedure which makes the determination of Po easier for practical drive electronics is described below. The asymmetry of the 16-bit code words is different for different recording powers. Therefore, the optimum recording power for the specific combination of drive and disk can be obtained by test recording 16-bit code words with different recording powers, and by measuring the resulting asymmetry in the HF signal. Directly using the definition of asymmetry is too complicated for the drive electronics. Therefore a different parameter is defined as a representation of asymmetry. This parameter is based on using the a.c. coupled HF signal before equalization, and is defined as follows.

β=

A1 + A 2 A1 - A 2

where (A1 + A2) = the difference between the peak levels A1 and A2 of the HF signal (A1 - A2) = the peak-to-peak value of the HF signal See figures J.1, J.2, and J.3. Zero asymmetry of the measured HF signal results in = 0. ß shall be measured with the drive pick up (see 9.1.2) and asymmetry shall be measured with the read only pick up (see 9.1.1) respectively. This means that for each design, a conversion shall be made from read-out conditions to the conditions of the read-only pick up.

HF signal

A1 0

0 A2

A2 98-0064-A

Figure J.1 - < 0 (low power)

Figure J.2 - = 0

Figure J.3 - > 0 (high power)

- 94 -

- 95 -

Annex K (normative)

Wavelength dependency

When organic dyes are used as the recording layer, DVD-R disks will display some wavelength dependency. The complex index of refraction (n = n - ik) of organic dyes are fundamentally dependent on the wavelength. Where n = the real part of the index of refraction i=

−1

k = the imaginary Part of the index of refraction Since the wavelength range 650 nm ± 5 nm is specified for DVD-Read-Only disks as the measuring condition, the optical characteristics of the recorded DVD-R disks are designed to satisfy the requirements using 650 ± 5 nm laser diodes. There is the possibility that laser diodes which have a wide wavelength range (for example from 630 nm to 660 nm) will be used in practical DVD drives.

- 96 -

- 97 -

Annex L (normative)

Light fastness of the disk

Light fastness of DVD-R disks shall be tested with an air-cooled Xenon lamp and test apparatus complying with ISO-105-B02.

L.1

Test conditions Black Panel Temperature shall be less than 40C. Relative humidity shall be 70 % to 80 %. Total exposure shall be 4 Mlux.

L.2

Disk illumination Disk illumination shall be through the substrate with normal incidence.

L.3

Test Requirements All disk specifications in clause 14 for recorded and for unrecorded disks shall be fulfilled, after illumination with a Xenon lamp according to ISO-105-B02. Note : Any change in the color of the DVD-R disk is irrelevant for this test.

- 98 -

- 99 -

Annex M (normative)

Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude

The wobble amplitude in nanometres shall be derived from the Normalized Wobble signal (NWO) as shown below.

M.1

Wobble signal (WOb) The wobble signal shall be calculated from the following equation. WOb / 2 = ( RPS / 2 ) sin (2a/Tp) therefore WOb = RPS sin (2a/Tp)

(I)

where (see figure M.1) WOb:

the peak to peak value of the wobble signal when neighbouring wobbles are in phase (minimum value)

RPS:

the peak to peak value of the radial push-pull signal

wobble amplitude in nanometres

T p:

track pitch in nm

therefore NWO = WOb / RPS = sin (2a/Tp)

(II)

Due to this normalization, the dependency on groove geometry, spot shape and optical aberrations have been eliminated.

M.2

Wobble amplitude By the definition in equation (II) above, the relation between NWO and the wobble amplitude for the track pitch of 0,8 µm is : Lower limit: Upper limit:

0,08 which corresponds to 10 nm 0,12 which corresponds to 15 nm

- 100 -

Track pitch (Tp) RPS 2 WOb 2 -a

Radial direction

a - WOb 2 - RPS 2 Land

Land

Groove Radial error signal

average centre

actual centre

Groove wobble 98-0065-A

Figure M.1 - Groove wobble signal

- 101 -

Annex N (normative)

Measurement methods for the operational signals for an unrecorded disk

The following measurement methods shall be used for the measurement of the operational signals of an unrecorded disk.

Focusing method:

Astigmatic method

Tracking method:

Push-pull method

Land Pre-Pit detection method:

Push-pull method

Wobble signal detection method:

Push-pull method

- 102 -

- 103 -

Annex P (informative)

Variation of the Write Strategy

In addition to the Basic Write Strategy, specified in 14.3, the following variations of write strategy are recommended. See figure P.1. Each write pulse of length 4T to 11T and 14T consists of two parts.

a top pulse and a multiple-pulse train of length one clock cycle (T). The 3T write pulse has the top pulse only. The top pulse is generated by reducing the recording data width from its leading edge, and ending it 3T from the leading edge time of the recording data. The top pulse width (Ttop) shall be selected according to the recording data length (Twd) and as specified by the Write Strategy code (see 27.3.6.3). The leading and trailing edges of the top pulse can move along the time axis independently. The shift of the leading edge (Tld) and of the trailing edge (Ttr) shall be selected according to the preceding space length (Tsp) and the recording data length (Twd). The detailed parameters for write strategy Shall be given in Write Strategy code, see 27.3.6.3. The multiple-pulse train starts at 3T from the leading edge time of the recording data and ends at the trailing edge time of the recording data, and its width (Tmp) shall be independent of the recording data length and preceding space length. This parameter is given in the Write Strategy code, see 27.3.6.3.

recording data

Tsp (3T)

Tsp (4T) Tld Tld

write pulse

Ttr Ttr

Ttop

Twd (3T) Tld Tld

Tmp

Pb 0 Level 98-0066-A

Figure P.1 - Variation of the Write Strategy

Ttr Ttr

Ttop

- 104 -

- 105 -

Annex Q (informative)

Measurement method of the Land Pre-Pit signal

The measurement method block diagram for measuring the Land Pre-Pit signal is shown in figure Q.1. An example of the Land Pre-Pit detector is shown in figure Q.2. Amp.

Amp.

Balance adjust

(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id)

Gain adjust

Land Pre-pit detector

Pre-pit detector

+ Amp.

Gain adjust

Ia+Ib+Ic+Id

LPF1

98-0074-A

Figure Q.1 - Block diagram for measuring the Land Pre-Pit signal

Comp

Over level limiter

BPF

Noise gate

+ + V1

From wobble PLL 140 kHz V2

Comp

98-0075-A

Figure Q.2 - Example of the Land Pre-Pit detector The over level limitter is provided to exclude the noise larger than the wobble amplitude. V1 and V2 are proper voltage for each equipment. BPF type : 4th order Bessel Centre frequency = 140,6 kHz (wobble frequency) Lower cut-off frequency = 118,4 kHz Upper cut-off frequency = 182,8 kHz

Pre-pit decoder

- 106 -

- 107 -

Annex R (informative)

Note on the Reference Code

The purpose of the Reference Code is to provide Channel bit patterns that generates (3T-6T-7T) separating signals. A drive may use these signals to adjust the equalizer for reading HF signals. This annex describes a practical method for generating the required Channel bit patterns. As described in Section 4, Main Data is scrambled before generating ECC bytes. In order to get, after scrambling and ECC bytes generation but just before modulation, a specific data pattern that will generate 3T, 6T and 7T modulated channel signals, pre-scrambling is applied to the Main Data. If the pre-scrambling data is the same as the normal scrambling data used by the encoding process described in this ECMA Standard, then the same scrambling data is added twice to the user data and nonscrambled data appears just before generating the ECC bytes. This means that the Recording Frames contain fixed data patterns which are duplicates of the Main Data, except for the ECC bytes. The pre-scrambling data is added to all 32 Data Frames used in the Reference Code Zone, except to the first 160 Main Data bytes of the first Data Frame in each ECC Block, so as to avoid large DSV values. The following steps show how to process the Main Data intended for the Reference Code before it is fed into the encoding system.

Step 1 Set all Main Data bytes of the 32 Data Frames to (AC).

Step2 This step is applied to the Data Frames intended for Physical Sectors with Sector Numbers 192 512, (02F000) to 192 543, (02F01F). To Physical Sectors with Sector Numbers from 192 512 (02F000) to 192 527 (02F00F) add the pre-scrambling data, generated using the scrambling procedure of clause 17 with the initial pre-set number (0) to all Main Data bytes, except the first 160 of the Physical Sector with Sector Number 192 512, (02F000). To Physical Sectors with Sector Numbers from 192 528, (02F010) to 192 543, (02F01F) add the pre-scrambling data, generated using the scrambling procedure of clause 17 with the initial pre-set number (1), to all Main Data bytes, except the first 160 such bytes of the Physical Sector with Sector Number 192 528, (02F010).

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Annex S (informative)

Running OPC

The correct recording power for the DVD-R disk is determined by means of an Optimum Power Calibration Procedure. However, after this calibration, the Optimum Power may change for several reasons.

power sensitivity fluctuation over the disk (although limited per clause 12) wavelength shift of the laser diode due to a change in operating temperature (see clause 8.1.2) change of spot aberrations due to change in disk skew, substrate thickness, defocus, etc. changed condition of disk and / or optics, particularly if OPC was carried out a long time before actual recording.

The purpose of Running OPC is to actively monitor the mark formation process and continuously adjust the recording power to the optimum power that is required. During the OPC step, the Running OPC signal associated with optimally written marks may be obtained (using, for example, the instantaneous reflected light signal) and that can be used to maintain subsequent recording at the same optimal level as that of the OPC step.

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Annex T (informative)

Transportation

T.1

General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world, it is not possible to specify mandatory conditions for transportation or for packaging.

T.2

Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in absence of such an agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take into account the following hazards.

T.2.1

Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

T.2.2

Impact loads and vibrations a) Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the disk. b) Avoid dropping the disk. c) Disks should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock-absorbent material. d) The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

Printed copies can be ordered from: ECMA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-1204 Geneva Switzerland Fax: Internet:

+41 22 849.60.01 [email protected]

Files can be downloaded from our FTP site, ftp.ecma.ch. This Standard is available from library ECMA-ST as a compacted, self-expanding file in MSWord 6.0 format (file E279-DOC.EXE) and as an Acrobat PDF file (file E279-PDF.PDF). File E279EXP.TXT gives a short presentation of the Standard. Our web site, http://www.ecma.ch, gives full information on ECMA, ECMA activities, ECMA Standards and Technical Reports.

ECMA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-1204 Geneva Switzerland This Standard ECMA-279 is available free of charge in printed form and as a file. See inside cover page for instructions.

ECMA-279 — 80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable disk (DVD-R) (December 1998)

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