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ECMA-317 — Data interchange on 300 mm optical disk cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using irreversible effects - Capacity: 30 Gbytes per cartridg (December 2000)

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S tandard ECMA-317 December 2000

Standardizing Information

and

Communication

Systems

Data Interchange on 300 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) Using Irreversible Effects - Capacity: 30 Gbytes per Cartridge

Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http://www.ecma.ch - Internet: [email protected]

S tandard ECMA-317 December 2000

Standardizing

Information

and

Communication

Systems

Data Interchange on 300 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) Using Irreversible Effects - Capacity: 30 Gbytes per Cartridge

Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http://www.ecma.ch - Internet: [email protected] MBLC Ecma-317.doc 24/01/01 09:43

Brief History Technical Committee ECMA TC31 for Optical Disk Cartridges (ODCs) was set up in 1984. The Committee made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC23 to the development of standards for 90 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm and 300 mm ODCs, and provided camera-ready copies for most International Standards for ODCs. The following ECMA Standards for WORM (Write Once Read Multiple) ODCs have been published and have been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure. ECMA-153 (1991) (ISO/IEC 11560)

Information Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of the Write Once, Read Multiple (WORM) Type, using the Magneto-Optical Effect

ECMA-189 (1993) (ISO/IEC 13403)

Information Interchange on 300 mm ODCs of the Write Once Read Multiple (WORM) Type using the SSF Method

ECMA-190 (1993) (ISO/IEC 13614)

Information Interchange on 300 mm ODCs of the Write Once Read Multiple (WORM) Type using the CCS Method

ECMA-238 (1996) (ISO/IEC 15486)

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using Irreversible Effects - Capacity: 2,6 Gbytes per Cartridge

ECMA-260 (1997) ISO/IEC 15898)

Data Interchange on 356 mm Optical Disk Cartridges – WORM, using Phase Change Technology Capacity: 14,8 and 25 Gbytes per Cartridge

ECMA-279 (1998) (ISO/IEC 20563)

80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R)

ECMA-280 (1998) (ISO/IEC 18093)

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using Irreversible Effects - Capacity: 5,2 Gbytes per Cartridge

The present ECMA Standard specifies an ODC of Type WORM that cannot be altered (erased or over-written) without detection. In order to clearly differentiate this type from type where a microcode is used to protect against undetectable over-writing of M.O. disks, the term irreversible effects has been introduced in the title.

Adopted as an ECMA Standard by the General Assembly of 15 th December 2000.

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Table of co ntents

S e ct ion 1 – Gen e ra l

S cop e

Conformance Op tical D is k Car tr idg e ( ODC) G ener ating System Re c e iv in g S y s te m Co mp a tib ility stateme n t

1 1 1 1 1

R efe r en ce

4 4.1 4.2 4.3

D ef in it io ns case Clamp ing Refer en ce Ar ea Clamp ing Zone

1 1 2 2

4.4

Cyclic Redu ndancy Ch eck ( CRC)

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4. 13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29

D a ta Zon e d efe c t ma n a g e me n t D isk Ref er e nce Plan e e n tran c e sur fac e E rror Corr ection Code ( ECC) for mat hub in ter leav ing Logica l Se c to r Log ical Blo ck Addr ess ma r k ma r k edg e ma r k edg e r eco rd ing op tical disk op tical disk car tr idge (O DC) po lar ization pr er ecord ed mark r ead power r eco rd ing la yer Reed- So lo mon code space spind le substr ate tr ack tr ack p itch

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

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4.30 5

wr ite- inh ib it ho le

Conv entio ns and notat ions Rep resen tation of nu mb ers N ames

3 3 3

List of a cro nyms

G en e ra l d e s c r ip t ion o f t h e o p t i ca l d isk ca rt r id g e

5.1 5 .2

G en e ra l re q u ir e me n t s 8.1 Env iron me n ts 8.1 .1 T e s t env iro n men t 8.1 .2 Op erating environ men t 8.1 .3 S tor ag e env iron me n t 8.1 .4 T ran spor tation 8.2 T e mp er a tur e sho ck 8 . 3 S af e t y r eq u i r e me n ts 8.4 F lammab ility

4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

R efe r en ce D riv e Op tical system Optical beam Read Ch ann el T rack ing Ro ta tion of th e disk

6 6 6 6 6 6

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5

S e ct ion 2 - Mechan ica l and phys ica l cha ra cterist ics

10 D imensiona l and phy sical chara ct e rist ics of t he ca se 10.1 G ener a l d e s crip tion of the ca se 10.2 Relation ship of Sides A and B 10.3 Refer en ce axes of th e case 10.4 Case dr aw in gs 10.5 D imension s of the case 10.5 .1 Ov era ll d ime ns ion s 10.5 .2 Lo cator slo ts 10.5 .3 S id e A / B indicator ho les 10.5 .4 S id e A / B indica tor lab e ls 10.5 .5 In ser tion slots and d e ten t featur es 10.5 .6 Gr ipp er slo ts and gr ipper no tch e s 10.5 .7 W rite- inh ib it ho le 10.5 .8 Hub ap er tur e and head window 10.5 .9 Shu tter s 10.5 .10 Shu tter op ener f eatures 10.5 .11 U ser lab el areas 10.5 .12 Bar code ar e a 10.6 Me ch an ic a l ch ar a c t er is t i cs

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13

- i ii -

10.6 .1 Mater ials 10.6 .2 Mass 10.6 .3 Edg e d istor tion 10.6 .4 Co mp lianc e 10.6 .5 Shu tter op ening force 10.7 Drop test

13 13 13 13 13 14

11 D imen s iona l, mechan ical a nd phy s ical cha ra ct erist ics of t he d is k 11.1 G ener a l d e s crip tion of the d isk 11.2 Re fer en ce a xis and p lan e of th e d isk 11.3 D imension s of the d isk 11.3 .1 Hub d ime n s ion 11.4 Me ch an ic a l ch ar a c t er is t i cs 11.4 .1 Mater ial 11.4 .2 Mass 11.4 .3 Mo men t of inertia 11.4.4 I mb alance 11.4.5 Ax i a l d ef le c t ion 11.4.6 Ax i a l ac ce l er a t ion 11.4 .7 Rad ial runo ut 11. 4. 8 Rad i a l a cc e l era t ion 11.4 .9 T ilt 11.5 Op tical ch aracteristics 11.5 .1 Ind ex of ref raction 11.5 .2 Th ickn es s 11.5 .3 Bir efr ing en ce 11.5.4 Re f le c tan c e

14 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18

12 I nt erfa c e b et we en car t ridge and d r ive 12.1 Clamp ing me thod 12.2 Clamp ing fo rce 12.3 Cap tu re cylinder 12.4 D isk positio n in the operating cond ition

18 18 18 18 18

Sect ion 3 - Format o f informa t ion

G en e ra l d e sc r ipt ion

14 Tra ck fo rmat 14.1 T rack d ef in ition 14.2 D ir ection of tr ack sp iral 14.3 T rack p itch 14.4 T rack nu mb er ing 14.5 T rack layou t 14.6 S eg me n t fo r ma t 14.7 S ervo Field for mat 14.8 Addr ess fo r mat

35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 37

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14.9

Record ab le Field for mat

15 Zo ne o rganizat ion 15.1 Log ical Sector for ma t 15.2 CRC and ECC b ytes 15.3 U ser Ar ea - For mat of D a ta Zon es 15.3 .1 D etailed for mat of D a ta Zon es

38 38 39 39 40

16 R eco rd ing cod e 16.1 T er min a tion Fie ld 16.2 D ata record ing me thod f or th e RLL( 1,7) Cod e

40 41 41

17 D efect Management 17.1 D efe c tiv e S e c tors re cord ed in th e S DI 17.2 Read ing and wr iting Pro c edure 17.3 Fo r ma t of the Relocatio n Area 17.4 Fo r ma t of the D yn amic Relocation Maps Sector s

41 41 41 41 41

18 Prerecorded Info rmat ion 18.1 P rer e corded Infor ma tion def in ition 18.2 Reserved r e gions 18.3 Sp ecif ic D isk Infor ma tion ( SDI) 18.3.1 SD I S e cto r a l loc a t ion 18.3 .2 SD I conten t 18.4 Read Focu s Optimizatio n (RFO ) T racks

42 42 42 42 42 43 43

S e ct ion 4 - C h a ra ct er i s t i cs o f P r er e co r d e d I n f o rma t io n

19 M ethod of t e st ing 19.1 Env iron me n t 19.2 U se of th e Refer en ce Dr ive 19.2 .1 Op tics and mech an ic s 19.2 .2 Read pow er 19.2 .3 Read ch ann el 19.2 .4 T rack ing 19.3 D ef in ition o f sign a ls

44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45

20 Prerecorded I nfo rmat ion s ig na l requ irement s 46 20.1 Modu la tion Depth of pr efor ma tted ma rk s 46 20.2 Ratio of min imu m and ma x imu m Clo ck Ma rk s ig nal amp litud e w ith op en track ing loop 46 20.3 Clock Mark j itter 46 20.4 Re la tiv e tan gentia l d isp lace me n t of prefor ma tte d mark s 46 20.5 V ar ia tion of QW T Mark s sign a l amp litude 46 20.6 T rack p itch 46 20.7 Rad ial runo ut 46 20.8 Rad i a l a cc e l era t ion s 47 20.9 T rack ing G a in 47

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S e ct ion 5 - Chara ct er is tics o f th e r eco rd ing la yer

21 M ethod of t e st ing 21.1 T est Reg ion s 21.2 Env iron me n t 21.3 U se of th e Refer en ce Dr ive 21.3 .1 Op tics and mech an ic s 21.3 .2 Read pow er 21.3 .3 Read Ch ann el 21.3 .4 T rack ing 21.4 W rite cond itions 21.4 .1 W rite pu lse 21.4 .2 No min al Write Power P w n o m

47 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 48 48

21.4 .3

No min al Write Power P w n o m deter min a tion

21.4 .4 21.4 .5

W riting Po wer boosts an d droops W rite Media Profile

48 49

22 W r it e cha r acte r ist ic s 22.1 S ign a l mo d ula tion 22.2 S ign a l Reso lu tion 22.3 W rite pow er marg in

49 49 49 49

S e ct ion 6 - Chara ct er is tics o f u se r data

23 M ethod of t e st ing 23.1 Env iron me n t 23.2 U se of th e Refer en ce Dr ive 23.2 .1 Op tics and mech an ic s 23.2 .2 Read pow er 23.2 .3 Read ch ann el 23.2 .4 E rror corr ection 23.2 .5 T rack ing

49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50

24 M inimum qua lity of a Sector 24.1 S ervo Field s 24.2 U ser-written data 24.3 P re-w ritten data

50 50 50 50

25 Data int er c hange r eq u irem ent s 25.1 T rack ing 25.2 U ser-written and pre-written data 25.3 Qu a lity of d isk

50 50 50 50

Annex A

Air cleanliness cla ss 100 000

An nex B

Edge d istort ion t es t

Annex C

Compliance test

- vi -

An nex D

Test met hod for meas uring th e a dso rb ent fo rce of th e hub

A n nex E

C ree p ing On e of Fou r C o de ( C O F)

Annex F

PBA, LBA fo rma ts

Annex G

Interleav e, CRC, ECC

Annex H

Content of SDI Sectors

An nex J

S ISIC (S elect iv e Int e r Sy mbo l Int erf eren ce C a n cella t ion) da ta det ect ion

Annex K

Requirem ents for interchange

A n nex L

S ha pe a nd s e quen c e o f w rit e pu l se s f o r t es t i n g

An nex M

Office env ironment

Annex N

Der ivat ion o f the op era t ing c limat ic env iron me nt

Annex P

Transportat ion

An nex Q

Tra ck d ev iat ion m eas ur em ent

Section 1 – General 1

Scope This ECMA Standard specifies the characteristics of a 300 mm optical disk cartridge (ODC) of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using irreversible effects, with a capacity of 30 Gbytes. This WORM ODC's uses writing effects that are inherently irreversible. Written marks cannot be erased and attempted modifications of the written marks are detectable. This ECMA Standard specifies − the conditions for conformance testing and the Reference Drive; − the environments in which the cartridges are to be operated and stored; − the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the cartridge, so as to provide mechanical interchange ability between data processing systems; − the format of the information on the disk, both pre-written and user-written, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correction codes, the modulation methods used; − the characteristics of the prerecorded information on the disk; − the recording characteristics of the disk, enabling processing systems to write data onto the disk; − the minimum quality of user-written data on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read data from the disk. This ECMA Standard provides for interchange between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical Disk Cartridge (ODC) An Optical Disk Cartridge shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements specified herein.

2.2

Generating System A generating system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if the ODC it generates is in accordance with 2.1.

2.3

Receiving System A receiving system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle an ODC according to 2.1.

2.4

Compatibility statement A claim of conformance by a generating or receiving system with this ECMA Standard shall include a statement listing any other ECMA or International Optical Disk Cartridge standard(s) supported by the system for which conformance is claimed. This statement shall specify the number of the standard(s), including, where appropriate, the ODC Type(s), or the Types of side, and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.

Reference ECMA-287 (1999)

Safety of electronic equipment

ECMA-6 (1991)

7-bit coded Character Set

Definitions For the purpose of this ECMA Standard, the following definitions apply.

4.1

case The housing for an optical disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.

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4.2

Clamping Reference Area The area of the Clamping Zone used to define the Disk Reference Plane.

4.3

Clamping Zone The area of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.

4.4

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC ) A method for detecting errors in data.

4.5

Data Zone An annular area within the user zone on the disk having a constant data clock frequency.

4.6

defect management A method for handling defective areas on the disk.

4.7

Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Reference Area of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.8

entrance surface The surface of the disk on to which the optical beam first impinges.

4.9

Error Correction Code (ECC) An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.

4.10

format The arrangement or layout of information on the disk.

4.11

hub The central feature on the disk which interacts with the spindle of the disk drive to provide radial centring and the clamping force.

4.12

interleaving The process of allocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.

4.13

Logical Sector The minimum addressable user data block.

4.14

Logical Block Address The address of a block of data.

4.15

mark A feature of the recording layer, which may take the form of a pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks represents the data on the disk.

4.16

mark edge The transition between a region with a mark and one without a mark or vice versa, along the track.

4.17

mark edge recording A recording method that uses a mark edge to represent a Channel bit.

4.18

optical disk A disk that will accept and retain information in the form of marks in a recording layer that can be read with an optical beam.

4.19

optical disk cartridge (ODC) A device consisting of a case containing an optical disk.

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4.20

polarization The direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam.

4.21

prerecorded mark A mark written on the recording layer during manufacturing of the disk.

4.22

read power The read power is the optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, used when reading.

4.23

recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use.

4.24

Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code that is particularly suited to the correction of errors that occur in bursts or are strongly correlated.

4.25

space The area between marks along the track.

4.26

spindle The part of the disk drive which contacts the disk and/or hub.

4.27

substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.

4.28

track The path which is followed by the focus of the optical beam during one revolution of the disk.

4.29

track pitch The distance between the centrelines of adjacent tracks, measured in a radial direction.

4.30

write-inhibit hole A hole in the case which, when detected by the drive to be open, inhibits write operation.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers − A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. It implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of +0,01, and a negative tolerance of -0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. − Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation. − The setting of a bit is denoted by ZERO or ONE. − Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1. − Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are shown with the most significant bit to the left. − Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given in TWO's complement. − In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (byte 0) is recorded first. Within each byte the least significant bit is numbered 0 and is recorded last, the most significant bit (numbered 7 in an 8-bit byte) is recorded first. This order of recording applies also to the data input of the Error Detection and Correction circuits and their output.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with a capital initial.

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List of acronyms COF CRC DCb ECC EDAC FWHM IR QWT LBA lsb LSB MR msb MSB NSB ODC OR PBA PLL RFO RLL R-S SCb SDI SISIC WORM

Creeping One of Four (code) Cyclic Redundancy Code Data Channel bit Error Correction Code Error Detection And Correction Full Width Half Maximum Internal Radius Quadrature Wobble Tracking (mark) Logical Block Address least significant bit Least Significant Byte Middle Radius most significant bit Most Significant Byte Next Significant Byte Optical Disk Cartridge Outside Radius Physical Block Address Phase–Locked Loop Read Focus Optimization Run Length Limited (code) Reed-Solomon (code) Servo Channel bit Specific Disk Information Selective Inter Symbol Interference Cancellation Write Once Read Multiple

General description of the optical disk cartridge The optical disk cartridge which is the subject of this ECMA Standard consists of a case containing an optical disk. The case is a protective enclosure for the disk. It has access windows covered by shutters. The windows are automatically uncovered by the drive when the cartridge is inserted into it. The optical disk consists of two sides assembled together with their recording layers on the inside. The optical disk is recordable on both sides. Data is written onto the disk with a focused optical beam as marks in the recording layer using irreversible effects, such that the marks cannot be erased or transformed back into an unrecorded state. The marks can be formed by either a phase transformation process, an alloy mode, or any other irreversible process yielding the recording characteristics specified in section 5. The data are read by detecting the intensity modulation of the reflected beam caused by the difference of reflectivity and diffraction of the recorded marks and the unrecorded regions. The beam accesses the recording layer through the transparent substrate of the disk. The optical disk cartridge is designed to allow for use in a drive with optical access from both sides simultaneously.

General requirements

8.1 8.1 .1

Environments Te st env iro nm ent The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature:

23 °C ± 2 °C

relative humidity:

45 % to 55 %

atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

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air cleanliness:

Class 100 000 (see annex A)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. Before testing, the optical disk cartridge shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1 .2

O perat ing env iro nment This ECMA Standard requires that an optical disk cartridge which meets all requirements of this Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. (See also annex M). The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature:

5 °C to 55 °C

relative humidity:

3 % to 85 %

absolute humidity:

1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3

atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

temperature gradient:

10 °C/h max.

relative humidity gradient: 10 %/h max. air cleanliness:

office environment (see M.1)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. If an optical disk cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 h before use. (See also annex N). 8.1 .3

S torag e env iron me nt The optical disk cartridge without any protective enclosure shall not be stored in an environment outside the range allowed for storage. The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature:

-10 °C to 55 °C

relative humidity:

3 % to 90 %

absolute humidity:

1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3

atmospheric pressure:

60 kPa to 106 kPa

temperature gradient:

15 °C/h max.

relative humidity gradient: 10 %/h max. air cleanliness:

office environment (see M.1)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. 8.1 .4

8.2

Tra ns porta t ion This ECMA Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex P.

Temperature shock The optical disk cartridge shall withstand a temperature shock of up to 20 °C when inserted into, or removed from, the drive.

8.3

Safety requirements The cartridge shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.

8.4

Flammability The cartridge and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.

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Reference Drive The Reference Drive is a drive several critical components of which have well defined properties and which is used to test the write and read parameters of the disk for conformance to this ECMA Standard. The critical components vary from test to test. This clause gives an outline of all components; components critical for tests in specific clauses are specified in those clauses.

9.1

Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the write and read parameters is shown in figure 1. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in figure 1. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.

9.2

Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties: +8 nm

a) Wavelength ( λ )

685 nm -8 nm

b) Wavelength ( λ ) divided by the numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA)

1,181 µm ± 0,013 µm

c) Filling D/W of the aperture of the objective lens in both tangential and radial direction

1,22 ± 0,15

d) Variance of the wavefront of the optical beam near the recording layer after passing through an ideal substrate (thickness: 1,205, index of refraction: 1,51) e) Polarization

0 to λ 2 /180 Circular

f) The optical power and pulse width for writing and reading shall be as specified in later clauses. D is the diameter of the lens aperture and W is the beam diameter of the Gaussian beam where the intensity is 1/e2 of the maximum intensity.

9.3

Read Channel A Read Channel, Channel 1, shall be provided to generate a read-out signal S from the pre-written and userwritten marks in the recording layer, using the change in reflectivity and diffraction of the marks. Signal S which measures the total amount of light reflected by the disk in the exit pupil of the objective lens, is the sum of the currents J1 , J2 , J3 , J4 of the four-quadrant photodiodes. This signal is not equalized before detection. It shall be low-pass filtered with a 3-pole Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of one half the Channel clock frequency.

9.4

Tracking Tracking error signals are generated to control the servos for the axial and radial tracking of the focus of the optical beam. The axial tracking error signal Sa is derived in Channel 2 from the measurement of amplitudes of the fourquadrant photodiode currents when the light spot scans a dedicated area of the disk, as specified in 19.2.4.1. The radial tracking error signal Sr is derived from the measurement of amplitudes of the read out signal S in Channel 1 at the centres of the tracking marks, as specified in 19.2.4.2. The requirement for the accuracy with which the focus of the optical beam must follow the tracks is specified in 19.2.4.3.

9.5

Rotation of the disk The spindle shall position the disk as specified in 12.4. It shall rotate the disk at 16,67 Hz ± 0,20 Hz. The direction of rotation shall be clockwise on side A and counterclockwise on side B, when viewed from the disk entrance surface of the disk of this side.

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a’

b’

J2 I a

Ch1

K2 Ch2

J4 b

00-0016-A

A B C D E F G

Laser diode Collimator lens Optional shaping prism Polarizing beam splitter Optional quarter-wave plate Objective lens Optical disk

H I J1, J2, J3, J4 K1, K2 Ch1 Ch2 aa', bb'

Astigmatic lens Four-quadrant photodiode Currents of four-quadrant photodiode D.C.-coupled amplifiers Channel 1: Read out channel Channel 2: Axial tracking error channel Astigmatic focus line directions

Fig ure 1 - Opt ica l sy st e m of t he Reference D rive

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Section 2 - Mechanical and physical characteristics 10

Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case

10.1

General description of the case The case (see figure 2) is a rigid protective container of rectangular shape. It allows the spindle of the drive to clamp the disk by its hub and have a head window on both sides. Shutters uncover the windows upon insertion into the drive, and automatically cover them upon removal from the drive. The case has write-inhibit, Side A / B detection features, and gripper slots and notches for an autochanger.

10.2

Relationship of Sides A and B The features essential for physical interchangeability are represented in figure 2. When Side A of the cartridge faces upwards, Side B of the disk faces downwards. Sides A and B of the case are identical as far as a group of features are concerned. For this group, the description is given for one side only (references to Sides A and B can be changed to B or A, respectively). Only the side identification features, the write inhibit feature and the bar code area, described in 10.5.3, 10.5.4, 10.5.7 and 10.5.12, respectively, are not identical for both sides of the case.

10.3

Reference axes of the case There are three orthogonal reference axes X,Y,Z defining three references planes XY, XZ, YZ to which the dimensions of the case are referred. The positions of these reference axes are shown on figure 3.

10.4

The Reference Axes X and Y lie in the external plane of side A: Reference Axis X is located between the centres of the two locator slots of the case and Reference Axis Y is perpendicular to Reference Axis X at the middle of the bottom of the case.

The Reference Axis Z is perpendicular to the Reference Axes X and Y at their crossing point.

Case drawings The case is represented schematically by the following drawings. -

10.5

Figure 2 shows a composite drawing of Side A of the case in isometric form, with the major features identified from Side A. Figure 3 shows the envelope of the case with Reference Axes X, Y and Z. Figures 4a, 4b show the Side A / B indicator holes and labels. Figure 5 shows the details of the insertion slots and detents. Figure 6 shows the gripper slots and notches, used for automatic handling. Figure 7 shows the write-inhibit hole. Figure 8 shows the hub aperture and head window. Figure 9 shows the shutter opening features. Figures 10a, 10b show the user label areas. Figure 11 shows the bar code area. Figures 12a, 12b, 12c show the hub/disk structure and dimensions. Figure 13 shows the capture cylinder.

Dimensions of the case The dimensions of the case shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the case in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause.

10.5 .1

Ov e ra ll dimensions The total length of the case (see figure 3) shall be L 1 = 340,0 mm ± 0,4 mm The distance from the top of the case to the reference axis X shall be L 2 = 60,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

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The distance from the bottom of the case to the reference axis X shall be L 3 = 280,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The total width of the case shall be L 4 = 320,0 mm ± 0,4 mm The width shall be linearly reduced on top and bottom, on right and left side, by a maximum length L 5 = 8,0 mm ± 0,2 mm originating from a point defined by a distance from top or bottom L 6 = 20,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The four corners of the case shall be rounded with a radius R1 = 5,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The total thickness of the case shall be L 7 = 16,0 mm ± 0,1 mm The thickness shall be linearly reduced on the two long edges on each side by a maximum length L 8 = 1,5 mm ± 0,2 mm originating from a line defined by a distance from edges L 9 = 10,0 mm ± 0,3 mm 10.5 .2

Loca tor slo ts The case shall have two locator slots positioned on the long edges of the case (see figure 3). These locator slots shall have a circular section connected to a V-shaped ramp. The centres of the circular sections shall be on the Reference Axis X at distances L 10 = 154,10 mm ± 0,15 mm from Axis Y. Their radii shall be R2 = 4,2 mm ± 0,2 mm The V-shaped ramp shall start on the long edges at a point specified by a distance L 11 = 54,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from the top of the case and shall be connected to the circular section by a straight line making an angle

α1 = 45 ° ± 1 ° with the edges of the case. 10.5 .3

S ide A / B indicato r ho les The case shall have two side A / B indicator holes going all through the case (see figures 4a and 4b) - The first side indicator hole shall have a diameter D 1 = 5,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Its centre shall be specified on side A (see figure 4a) by L 12 = 147,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 13 = 180,0 mm ± 0,2 mm - The second side indicator hole shall be rectangular with rounded corners and specified by the following dimensions on side A (see figure 4a) L 14 = 104,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

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L 15 = 116,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 16 = 248,8 mm ± 0,3 mm L 17 = 261,2 mm ± 0,3 mm R3 = 0,2 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.5 .4

S ide A / B ind icato r la be ls The case shall have one Side A / B indicator label on each side (see figures 4a and 4b). These labels shall have the minimum dimensions of 10,0 mm x 32,0 mm and shall be recessed by 0,2 mm min. Their positions are specified by the following dimensions and relations between dimensions. Side A label (see figure 4a): L 18 = 130,0 mm min. L 19 - L18 = 10,0 mm min. L 20 = 49,0 mm min. L 21 - L20 = 32,0 mm min. Side B label (see figure 4b): L 22 = 130,0 mm min. L 23 - L22 = 10,0 mm min. L 24 = 49,0 mm min. L 25 - L24 = 32,0 mm min.

10.5 .5

I nsert ion slots and det ent fea tures The case shall have two insertion slots located on top of the long edges (see figure 5). The slots shall have a length of L 26 = 88,5 mm ± 0,2 mm a width of L 27 = 7,0 mm ± 0,2 mm with a leading ramp making an angle

α2 = 8,5 ° ± 1,0 ° with the long edges, on a length L 28 = 18,0 mm ± 1,0 mm The slots shall have a depth L 29 = 8,0 mm ± 0,2 mm located L 30 = 3,5 mm ± 0,2 mm from the XY plane. Detent notches shall be located at top and bottom of the long edges. Their structure shall be symmetrical versus an axis parallel to Axis Y, located between and at equal distance of the two sides of the case. The detent notches shall be located at distances L 31 = 20,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

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from top or bottom, starting with a rectangular shape with a depth L 32 = 4,00 mm ± 0,15 mm a length L 33 = 10,0 mm ± 0,2 mm and finishing by a ramp making an angle α3 = 30 ° ± 1 ° with the long edges of the case Their heights shall be L 34 = 11,5 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.5.6

G ripper slo ts and gripper notch es The case shall have two gripper slots and four gripper notches (see figure 6). Two rectangular gripper slots shall be located symmetrically versus Axis Y on the long edges of the case. They shall have a depth of L 35 = 8,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from the edges of the case and a width L 36 = 5,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Their upper edge positions shall be L 37 = 205,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The corners of these slots on the long edges of the case shall be rounded with a radius R4 = 2,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Two gripper notches shall be located symmetrically versus Axis Y on the top of the case. The positions of their centres shall be specified by L 38 = 35,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 39 = 110,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Their width shall be L 40 = 12,0 mm ± 0,2 mm They shall have a cylindrical cross-section defined by a cylinder with an axis parallel to Axis X, positioned in a point O located outside the case and defined by L 38 and L 41 = 2,0 mm ± 0,2 mm and a radius R5 = 6,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Two rectangular gripper notches shall be located symmetrically versus Axis Y on the bottom of the case. The positions of their centres shall be specified by L 42 = 85,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 43 = 266,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Their width shall be L 44 = 12,0 mm ± 0,2 mm and their length L 45 = 10,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

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Their depth profiles shall be defined by the following dimensions L 46 = 6,5 mm ± 0,2 mm L 47 = 2,5 mm ± 0,2 mm L 48 = 9,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 49 = 3,0 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.5 .7

W r it e- in h i bit ho le The case shall have a (one) common write-inhibit hole for both sides A and B (see figure 7). The case shall include a device for opening and closing the hole. The opened condition of the opening through the case shall define the write-enabled condition; the closed condition of the opening shall define the writeinhibited condition. The write-inhibit hole shall have a diameter D 2 = 5,0 mm ± 0,2 mm Its centre shall be specified by L 50 = 147,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 51 = 60,0 mm ± 0,2 mm on side A of the case.

1 0 .5 .8

H ub a pe rt u r e an d h ead w in do w The case shall have a circular aperture on each side for the hub of the disk (see figure 8). Its position and diameter shall be specified by the following dimensions L 52 = 120,0 mm ± 0,2 mm D 3 = 194,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The relative positioning of hub, aperture and case walls is defined in 11.3.1. The case shall have a rectangular window on each side to enable the optical head to access the disk (see figure 8) specified by the following dimensions. L 53 = 25,85 mm min. L 54 = 60,2 mm min. L 55 = 57,2 mm min.

10.5 .9

S hutt e rs The case shall have a spring-loaded, unidirectional shutter for each side, designed to completely cover the head window when closed. The shutter shall be free to slide in a recessed area within the case without protrusion outside of the case.

10.5 .10 Shutt e r opener f eatures The case shall have two shutter opener features, one for each shutter (see figure 9). The shutter opener feature of one side shutter shall be within the left insertion slot, seen from this side. The movement of the shutter shall be controlled with the movement of the movable piece in the insertion slot. When the shutter is closed the movable piece edge used to push the shutter open shall be at a position L 56 = 32,5 mm ± 0,2 mm The width of this edge shall be L 57 = 2,5 mm min. The path of the movable edge shall be at a distance from the corresponding case side surface

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L 58 = 5,2 mm ± 0,2 mm A movement of the edge to L 59 = 22 mm max. shall be sufficient to ensure that the head window is opened to the minimum size specified in 10.5.8. The available length of the edge in the insertion slot shall be L 60 = 5 mm min. and 6,5 mm max. 10.5 .11 U ser label areas The case shall have the following minimum areas for user labels: on side A and side B: 60,0 mm x 208,0 mm (see figure 10a), on the bottom side: 146,0 mm x 11,0 mm (see figure 10b). These areas shall be recessed by 0,2 mm min. Their positions shall be specified by the following dimensions and relations between dimensions L 61 = 190,0 mm min. L 62 - L61 = 60,0 mm min. L 63 + L 64 = 208,0 mm min. L 65 + L 66 = 146,0 mm min. L 67 = 11,0 mm min. 10.5 .12 Bar co de area The case shall have an area for bar code on side A (see figure 11). This area shall be recessed by 0,2 mm min. Its position shall be specified by the following dimensions L 68 = 130,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 69 = 140,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 70 = 49,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 71 = 81,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

10.6

Mechanical characteristics All requirements of this clause shall be met in the operating environment.

10.6 .1

Mat eria ls The case shall be constructed from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this ECMA Standard.

10.6 .2

Mass The mass of the case without the optical disk shall not exceed 800 g.

10.6 .3

Edg e disto r tion The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the edge distortion test defined in annex B.

10.6 .4

Co mp lian ce The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the compliance (flexibility) test defined in annex C. The requirement guarantees that a cartridge can be constrained in the proper operation position within the drive.

10.6 .5

S hutt e r opening fo rce The spring force on the shutter shall be such that the force required to open the shutter does not exceed 10 N. It shall be sufficiently strong to close a free-sliding shutter, irrespective of the orientation of the case.

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10.7

Drop test The optical disk cartridge shall withstand dropping on each surface and on each corner from a height of 760 mm on to a concrete floor covered with a vinyl layer 2 mm thick. The cartridge shall withstand all such impacts without any functional failure.

Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk

11.1

General description of the disk The disk shall consist of two sides (see figure 12a). Each disk side A, B, shall consist of a circular substrate with a recording layer coated on one face. The recording layer can be protected from environmental influences by a protective layer. The prerecorded, formatted area (see clause 15) of the substrate shall be transparent to allow an optical beam to focus on the recording layer through the substrate. The two disk sides shall be assembled with the recording layer facing inwards. A circular hub is positioned in the centre of the disk. It interacts with the spindle of the drive, and provides the radial centring, the clamping force and torque transmission.

11.2

Reference axis and plane of the disk Some dimensions of the hub are referred to a Disk Reference Plane P (see figures 12a, 12c). The Disk Reference Plane P is defined by the perfectly flat surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Reference Area of the disk (located on side B) is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation of this spindle. This axis A passes through the centre of the centre hole of the hub, and is normal to Disk Reference Plane P.

11.3

Dimensions of the disk The dimensions of the disk shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the disk in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause. The outer diameter of the disk shall be 306,7 mm maximum. The tolerance is determined by the movement of the disk inside the case allowed by 12.3 and 12.4. The total thickness of the disk outside the hub area shall be 2,7 mm min. and 3,3 mm max.

1 1 .3 .1

H ub d im en s ion The diameter of the centre hole of the hub (see figures 12b, 12c) shall be +0,50 mm

D 4 = 36,65 mm -0,50 mm

The upper position of the hole, at diameter D 4 , shall be at a distance h 1 = 4,45 mm ± 0,20 mm from the Disk Reference Plane P. The opening profile between this upper position and the external hub surface of side B shall be conical with an angle α4 = 20 ° ± 1°. The centring length at diameter D 4 shall be h 2 = 0,4 mm min. The upper edge of the centring length (connected to the conical opening) shall be rounded off with a radius R6 = 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The opening shall have a diameter larger than, or equal to, D 4 between the centring length and the external surface of side A.

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A magnetizable ring, defining the area of the hub where the clamping mechanism of the optical drive grips the disk, shall be positioned on side B of the hub with an inner diameter of D 5 = 48 mm max. and an outside diameter of D 6 = 70,8 mm min. The position of the top of the magnetizable ring relative to the Disk Reference Plane P shall be +0,0 mm

h 3 = 0,7 mm -0,1 mm

The Clamping Reference Area, defining the Disk Reference Plane P, shall be constituted of 3 diskshaped surfaces S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , located on side B of the hub with a diameter D 7 = 4 mm min. and centres positioned on a circle with a diameter D 8 = 90,30 mm ± 0,20 mm and spaced by an angle α5 = 120 ° ± 1 ° The active recording layers shall be L 72 = 6,4 mm ± 0,4 mm for side B, and L 73 = 9,6 mm ± 0,4 mm for side A. from the Disk Reference Plane P. Series of rectangular indents shall be located on side B of the hub between diameters D 9 = 73,5 mm ± 0,3 mm and D 10 = 85,5 mm ± 0,3 mm The centres of the indents shall be spaced by α6 = 12 ° ± 1 ° They shall have a depth of h 4 = 4,10 mm ± 0,20 mm a length of L 74 = 6,67 mm ± 0,20 mm and rounded corners with a radius R7 = 1,6 mm max. The separating walls of the indents shall have leading edges with an angle α7 = 45,5 ° ± 0,5 ° The outer diameter of the hub shall be +0,2 mm

D 11 = 100,0 mm -0,2 mm

and shall have lips on each side A and B used to cover the cartridge wall and close the cartridge hub aperture (see annex C).

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These lips shall have profiles defined by the following dimensions L 75 = 5,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L 76 = 2,5 mm ± 0,1 mm h 5 = 2,05 mm ± 0,10 mm h 6 = 0,2 mm ± 0,1 mm h 7 = 0,6 mm ± 0,1 mm h 8 = 14,9 mm ± 0,1 mm h 9 = 12,25 mm ± 0,10 mm The hub on side A shall not extend outside of the cylinder defined by D 11 and h 8.

11.4

Mechanical characteristics All requirements in this clause must be met in the operating environment.

11.4 .1

Mat eria l The disk shall be made from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this Standard. The only material properties specified by this ECMA Standard are the magnetic properties of the magnetizable zone in the hub (see 12.2 and annex D) and the optical properties of the substrate in the formatted area (see 11.5).

11.4 .2

Mass The mass of the disk shall not exceed 0,6 kg.

11.4 .3

Moment of inert ia The moment of inertia of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 8 g . m2.

11.4 .4

I mba la nc e The imbalance of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,1 g. m.

11.4 .5

Ax ia l def le ct ion The axial deflection of the disk is measured as the axial deviation of the recording layer, as seen from the optical head of the Reference Drive (see clause 9). Thus it comprises the tolerances on the thickness of the substrate, on its index of refraction and the deviation of the entrance surface from the Disk Reference Plane. The nominal position of the recording layer of each disk side with respect to the Disk Reference Plane is determined by the nominal position of the entrance surface of this side with respect to the Reference Plane and by the nominal thickness of the substrate. The deviation of any point of the recording layer from its nominal position, in a direction normal to the Disk Reference Plane P, shall not exceed 200 µm for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5.

11.4 .6

Ax ia l a c ce lera t ion The maximum allowed axial error emax (see annex Q) shall not exceed 0,50 µm, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking of the recording layer. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function 1ω  H s (iω ) =  0  3  iω 

where

ω = 2πf

ω 0 /2π = 1 115 Hz

3iω ω0 iω 1+ 3ω 0

2 1+

- 17 -

-1

or any other servo with 1+H

within 20% of 1+H s

in the bandwidth of 16 Hz to 16 kHz. Thus, the

disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 8,2 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4 .7

Radia l runout The radial runout of the tracks in the recording layer in the Information zone is measured as seen by the optical head of the Reference Drive (see clause 9). Thus it includes the distance between the axis of rotation of the spindle and reference axis A, the tolerances on the dimensions between axis A and the location of the track, and effects of non-uniformity's in the index of refraction. The difference between the maximum and the minimum distance of any track from the axis of rotation, measured along a fixed radial line over one physical track of the disk, shall not exceed 100 µm as measured by the optical system under conditions of a hub mounted on a perfect sized test fixture shaft, for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5.

11.4.8

Ra d ia l a c c e le ra t ion The maximum allowed radial error emax (see annex Q) shall not exceed 0,08 µm, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking of the tracks. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function 1ω  H s (iω ) =  0  3  iω 

3iω ω0 iω 1+ 3ω 0

2 1+

where

ω = 2πf ω 0/2π = 1 700 Hz i=

-1

or any other servo with 1+H within 20% of 1+H s  in the bandwidth of 16 Hz to 16 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 3 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4 .9

11.5

Tilt The tilt angle, defined as the angle which the normal to the entrance surface, averaged over a circular area of 1,0 mm diameter, makes with the normal to the Disk Reference Plane P, shall not exceed 2 mrad in radial and tangential directions.

Optical characteristics

11.5.1

I ndex of refraction Within the formatted area (see clause 15) the index of refraction of the substrate shall be within the range 1,49 to 1,53.

1 1 .5 .2

Th i ckn e ss The thickness of the substrate from the entrance surface to the recording layer shall be within the range 1,180 mm to 1,230 mm.

11.5 .3

Bir ef r ing en ce The birefringence shall not exceed: -

40 nm, in the User Area (radii 73,70 mm to 141,40 mm),

80 nm, in the Lead-in Area (radii 73,00 mm to 73,70 mm) and the Lead-out Area (radii 141,40 mm to 142,10 mm).

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11.5 .4 R ef le cta nc e 11.5 .4.1 G enera l The reflectance R is the value of the reflectance of the User area, measured through the substrate and does not include the reflectance of the entrance surface. The nominal value Rn of the reflectance, defined as the average for the entire User area, shall be 38 %. 11.5 .4.2

M easured v alue The measured value Rm of the reflectance shall be measured in the User area under the conditions a) to e) of 9.2.

11.5 .4.2

R equirement At any point in the User area, the reflectance R shall meet the following requirement. The maximum allowed deviation for Rn , for any disk shall be ± 0,1 Rn . The maximum allowed circumferential variation for Rm shall be ± 0,05 Rn (for f<100 Hz). The maximum allowed radial variation for Rm shall be ± 0,05 Rn .

12 12.1

Interface between cartridge and drive Clamping method When the cartridge is inserted into the drive, the shutters of the case are opened and the drive spindle engages the disk on side B. The disk is held against the spindle by an axial clamping force, provided by the magnetizable material in the hub and the magnets in the spindle. The radial positioning of the disk is provided by the centring of the axis of the spindle in the centre hole of the hub. A turntable of the spindle shall support the disk in its clamping zone, determining the axial position of the disk in the case.

12.2

Clamping force The clamping force exerted by the spindle shall be less than 20 N. The adsorbent force measured by the test device specified in annex D shall be in the range of 10 N to 12 N.

12.3

Capture cylinder The capture cylinder (see figure 13) is defined as the volume in which the spindle can expect the centre of the conical opening of the hole of the hub to be at the maximum height of the hub, just prior to capture. The size of the cylinder limits the allowable play of the disk inside its cavity in the case. This cylinder is referred to perfectly located and perfectly sized alignment and location pins in the drive, and includes tolerances of dimensions of the case and the disk between the pins mentioned and the centre of the hub. The bottom of the cylinder is parallel to the Plane Q b containing the parallel long edges CC', DD' of Side B of the case (see also annex C), and shall be located at a distance of L 77 = 4 mm min. above this Plane. The top of the cylinder shall be located at a distance of L 78 = 12 mm max. above the plane Qb. The diameter of the cylinder shall be D 12 = 6 mm max. Its centre shall be defined on Axis Y by the nominal value of L 52 .

12.4

Disk position in the operating condition When the disk is in the operating condition (see figure 13) within the drive, the position of Reference Plane P of the disk shall be L 79 = 0,5 mm ± 0,25 mm above the plane Q b and the axis of rotation shall be within a circle with a diameter

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D 13 = 0,2 mm max. and a centre defined on Axis Y by the nominal value of L 52 . The torque to be exerted on the disk in order to maintain a rotational frequency of 16,67 Hz shall not exceed 0,01 N . m.

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Locator slot Gripper notches

A Side label (Write rite protect label) AS

IDE

Head window and shutter

Side A/B indicator hole

Insertion slot Side A/B indicator hole

Write rite inhibit hole

User label areas Gripper slot Gripper notches

Bar code area (B side label)

00-0054-A

F ig u r e 2 – C a s e s ee n f r o m s i d e A (D iff e rent f eat ures s een o n s ide B are sho wn b et ween bra c kets )

- 21 -

L11

R2 L10

L1 L3

Locatorr slot s

Z L8 L9

F ig ur e 3 - Ove ra ll d im ens io ns , R ef er en ce Axe s

- 22 -

X L20 L21 L13 L17 L16

L14 L15

L18 L19

L12 Y

00-0024-A

Fig ure 4 a– Side A / B ind icato r ho les and lab el on sid e A

- 23 -

X L24

L22 L23 Y 00-0025-A

F ig ur e 4 b– S id e A / B in d icat o r ho le s a n d lab e l o n s id e B

L25

- 24 -

L31

L33

L34

A’

L32

Section AA’ AA

L30

L29

L27 2

L31 L26 L28

L42

L31

L33 L32

L34 B

L31

B’

00-0035-A

Fig ure 5 – Insert ion slots an d d et ents

Section BB BB’

- 25 -

L41 L38

C’

R5 L38 L37

L43

Section C C C’ ged scale) (enlarged R4 D

F’ E

L45 L44

D’

L35

E’ L39

L42

L36

L46 L40

L46

L46 L47

L47

Y Indicatorr hole h

L48

Section D D D’ ged scale) (enlarged

Section F F F’ 00-0037-A

Fig ure 6 – Grip per s lot s and gripp er not ch es

L47

L49 Section E E E’ ged scale) (enlarged

- 26 -

X L51

L50

Y 00-0026-A

F ig u r e 7 - Wr it e- in h ib i t h o l e s e en f ro m s i d e A

- 27 -

L55

L54 L52

L53

L53 Y

00-0033-A

F ig u r e 8 – H u b a p e rt u r e a n d h ea d w in d o w

- 28 -

Fig ure 9 – Shutt e r op ener

- 29 -

L62

L61

User Label Area

L64

L63 Y 00-0027-A

F ig ur e 1 0 a - Use r la be l a r ea o n s i d e A / B

Fig ure 10 b - User lab e l area on bot tom surfa ce

- 30 -

X L70

L68 L69 Y 00-0029-A

F ig u r e 1 1 - Ba r cod e a r ea ( s i d e A )

L71

- 31 -

Reference Axis A Hub

Focussed Beam

Hub Hole

Focussed Beam Recording Layers

Side A

Substrate

Substrate Side B

Reference Plane P

00-0041-A

Fig ure 12a - Hub, S ide A, S id e B, Disk Ref e ren ce Plan e P and Ax is A

- 32 -

H’

S2 R7 Section HH’ HH 6

S1 G

G’

L74

D7 S3 5 00-0052-A

F ig ur e 12 b - Hub

- 33 -

h5 h6 h7 L76

h4 Reference Plane P

L75

D11 D8 D10 D9 D6 D5 D4

Sidee B

Reference Plane P 4

L72

L73

h1 Sidee A g layer l Sidee A recording r h8

Reference Plane P h8 h9 L75

00-0053-A

Fig ure 12 c – Sect io n GG' of hu b

Sidee B rrecording g layer l

- 34 -

C’

D’

D13 L52

D12

L77

L79 P

Side B CC’

DD’

00-0032-A

F ig ur e 13 – Captu re cy lin de r

L78

- 35 -

Section 3 - Format of information 13

General description The 300 mm optical disk is two-sided and designed to allow for use in a drive with optical access from both sides simultaneously. The recording area on each side is partitioned into zones. Within each zone, the preformatted data, and disk drive recorded pre-written and user data are all recorded on a common spiral track centreline intended for the sampled servo tracking method.

14 14.1

Track format Track definition A track consists of a 360 ° turn of a spiral materialized by a succession of pre-written marks recorded on the spiral centreline.

14.2

Direction of track spiral The disk has two formatted sides (A, B). On side A, the track spirals outwards from the inner diameter to the outer diameter when the disk rotates clockwise as viewed from the disk entrance surface of this side. On side B, the track spirals outwards from the inner diameter to the outer diameter when the disk rotates counter clockwise as viewed from the disk entrance surface of this side.

14.3

Track pitch The track pitch is the distance between the centrelines of a pair of adjacent tracks, measured in a radial direction. It shall be 800 nm ± 35 nm.

14.4

Track numbering Each track shall be identified by a track number. Track 0 shall be located at radius 73,80 mm ± 0,20 mm. Track 84 366 shall be located at radius 141,30 mm ± 0,20 mm. The track numbers of tracks located at radii greater than that of Track 0 shall be increased by 1 for each track. The track numbers of tracks located at radii smaller than that of Track 0 shall be negative, and decrease by 1 for each track. Track address polarity is indicated by the most significant bit of the 20 bits track address, which is ONE for negative tracks and ZERO for positive tracks (see 14.8).

14.5

Track layout A track shall contain 225 Segments of equal length (see figure 14).

14.6

Segment format Each Segment shall contain 16 Frames of equal length, each consisting of a Servo Field and a Recordable Field. Each Segment shall contain one Address Block (see 14.8).

14.7

Servo Field format The Servo Field is intended to allow the drive to focus, track, access and generate a clock. Each Servo Field shall contain 5 on-track prerecorded marks (see figure 15). The unit length of the prerecorded marks in the Servo Field is the Servo Channel bit (SCb). The corresponding Servo Channel clock frequency shall be constant within the whole Information Area irrespective of the radial position. The Servo Field shall be 45 SCb long.

- 36 -

Onee track t Segment 0

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Segment 222

Segment 223

Segment 224

Each Segment contains 16 Frames

Address bytes: FRAME No.

TMS

TLS

SEGM

TLS

Ext Ext

TLS

TMS

TLS

1 0

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 1

1 5

One Frame

Servo Field

Recordable Field

Each Servo Field contains 45 Servo bits

G A P

B O S

Mirror or Ar Area ea and Unique Distance

C L O C K

G A P

ABCD T Tracking Marks

G A P

Address Marks

G A P

00-0022-A

F ig ur e 14 – Track layo ut 3

4 5

Servo bit locations

BOS MARK

CLOCK MARK

TURE WOBBLE QUADRATURE TRACKING MARKS

00-0020-A

Fig ure 15 - Servo Field format

ADDRESS MARKS

- 37 -

The layout of the Servo Field is shown in figure 15 on a SCb scale. All marks shall have a 2 SCb length. - Beginning of Segment (BOS) Mark (location 3 or 4)

Beginning of the Servo Field and unique distance. At location 3 in the first Frame of each Segment and location 4 in all other Frames.

- Clock Mark (location 17)

For clock synchronization.

- Quadrature Wobble Tracking (QWT) Mark (location 21, 28, 24, 31, on successive tracks)

For track following based on Also provides direction information.

- Address Marks (location 35 to 43)

Two marks which provide Segment address information and track counting information during seeks.

radial

crosstalk.

The mirrored area from location 5 to 16 is designed for focus sampling and unique distance for initializing the PLL.

14.8

Address format Each Frame contains, in the Servo Field, one address nibble, resulting in a total of 8 address bytes per Segment (see figures 14 and 15). The address nibbles are preformatted as shown on figure 14. The Segment address byte (SEGM) shall be in Frames 0 and 1 (most significant nibble first). The Track Least Significant (TLS) byte shall be in Frames 2+3, 6+7, 10+11 and 14+15. The Track Most Significant (TMS) byte shall be in frames 4+5 and 12+13. The Extended Address Nibble (Ext) defined as the 4 most significant bits of the 20 bits track address shall be in Frames 8 and 9. A bar over the acronym means that it is a complementary to ONE byte or nibble. On the media the most significant nibble precedes the least significant one. The code used to represent the address nibles shall be the so-called Creeping One of Four code (COF) defined in annex E. Two address bits shall be represented by one mark, which may be in one of four Servo bit locations 40, 41, 42, 43 (see figure 15). The address is read by differential detection and the creeping feature enables the reading of track addresses during high velocity seeks.

14.9

Recordable Field format The Recordable Field is intended to record Data Information. The unit length of the recorded information in the Recordable Field is the Data Channel bit (DCb). The number of Data Channel bits per Recordable Field varies over the disk, depending of the radius, to maximize the capacity in maintaining almost the same aerial density. The corresponding Data Channel clock frequency and period (T) varies accordingly over the disk, depending of the radius. The Recordable Field Format described in reference to a T scale, shall consist of 3 parts (see figure 16): - A Reference Field, with a length of 13T, in which two 3T length marks are recorded during any write operation, to be used as a data phase and amplitude reference during subsequent read operation. These marks are recorded at locations 3 and 9 of the Reference Field. -

A User Data Field with a number of Data Channel bits depending of the Zone (more Data Channel bits in outer Zones).

A termination field (3 Data Channel bits) necessary for the RLL(1,7) modulation code (see 16.1).

- 38 -

Recordable Field (with recorded data)

Address Field 41

Reference Field

GAP 43

3T mark

3T space

User Data Field 10

3T mark

00-0019-A

F ig ur e 16 – Reco rda b le f ie ld

Zone organization The formatted area is partitioned in three parts: a Lead-in Zone, a User Area comprising 16 Data Zones and a Lead-out Zone, organized as shown in table 1.

Table 1 - Zone o rganizat ion Nominal radius in mm

Track number

Description

73,00

-1 000

Start of Lead-in Zone

73,80

00 000

First User Track, start of Data Zone 0

141,30

84 366

Last User Track, end of Data Zone 15

142,10

85 366

End of Lead-out Zone

The radii shown in table 1 are the nominal values of the radius of the centre of the corresponding tracks. The tolerances on the location of Track 0 and Track 84 366 are specified in 14.4.

15.1

Logical Sector format The logical Sector format shall be the same for all 16 Data Zones. All logical Sectors shall begin at Frame boundaries (following a Servo-Field). The structure of the Sector shall be as shown on table 2. The first 10 Preamble bytes shall have the same mark-pattern as the Reference Field (a 3T pattern), recorded by writing bytes set to (AA). The last 2 Preamble bytes shall consist of a 2T pattern, recorded by writing bytes set to (EE). The structure of the CRC and ECC Bytes shall be as defined in 15.2. Bytes 5 to 7 of Control Record shall specify the Logical Block Address (LBA) of the Sector.

- 39 -

Bytes 8 to 10 of Control Record shall specify the Physical Block Address (PBA) of the Sector. PBA/LBA formats shall be as defined in Annex F. Other bytes of Control Record are not defined by this ECMA Standard. Data could be recorded at these locations by the drive. Tab le 2 - Logica l S ecto r for mat Preamble

12 bytes (non-interleaved)

Data

2 048 bytes (interleaved)

CRC

4 bytes (interleaved

Control Record

18 bytes (interleaved) (bytes 5 to 7: LBA, bytes 8 to 10: PBA)

ECC

160 bytes (interleaved)

Total:

2 242 bytes per Sector

With the exception of the 12 Preamble bytes, all other bytes of a Sector shall be interleaved as specified by table G.1 of annex G.

15.2

CRC and ECC bytes The Cyclic Redundancy Check bytes and Error Correction Code bytes shall be used by the error detection and correction system to correct erroneous data. The ECC is a Reed-Solomon code of degree 16. The computation of the check bytes of the CRC and ECC shall be as specified in annex G.

15.3

User Area - Format of Data Zones The User Area shall consist of 16 Data Zones, each with a different number of Sectors per track (to maximize the total capacity while maintaining the same aerial density), as shown in table 3. Table 3 - Format fo r D ata Zo nes Data Zone Start number Track

End Track

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 User Data 7 Spares 7 WPC 8 User Data 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 Total: User:

5 271 10 544 15 817 21 090 26 363 31 636 36 909 41 802 42 182 42 563 47 455 52 728 58 001 63 274 68 547 73 820 79 093 79 093 84 366

0 5 273 10 546 15 819 21 092 26 365 31 638 36 911 41 803 42 184 42 564 47 457 52 730 58 003 63 276 68 549 73 822 73 822 79 095

Number of Number of Number of tracks per Sectors per Sectors per Data Zone track Data Zone 5 272 63 332 136 5 272 66 347 952 5 272 70 369 040 5 272 73 384 856 5 272 76 400 672 5 272 81 427 032 5 272 83 437 576 4 892 87 425 604 380 87 33 060 380 90 34 200 4 892 90 440 280 5 272 94 495 568 5 272 97 511 384 5 272 100 527 200 5 272 102 537 744 5 272 105 553 560 5 272 109 574 648 5 272 109 574 648 5 272 112 590 464 84 352 7 422 976 83 592 7 355 716

Percent of Capacity Start total in Mbytes radius in mm 4,47 680,21 73,80 4,69 712,61 78,02 4,97 755,79 82,24 5,18 788,19 86,46 5,40 820,58 90,67 5,75 874,56 94,89 5,89 896,16 99,11 5,73 871,64 103,33 0,45 67,71 107,24 0,46 70,04 107,55 5,93 901,69 107,85 6,68 1 014,92 111,77 6,89 1 047,31 115,98 7,10 1 079,71 120,20 7,24 1 101,30 124,42 7,46 1 133,69 128,64 7,74 1 176,88 132,86 7,74 1 176,88 132,86 7,95 1 209,27 137,08 15 202,25 141,29 99,09 15 064,51

- 40 -

One track at each Zone boundary shall not be used to record data and shall be left blank. The WPC tracks shall be used for calibration of the write power of the drive (see 21.4.3). 15.3 .1

D eta ile d fo rma t of Da t a Zon es The detailed format of the Data Zones is shown in table 4. Table 4 - D eta iled fo rmat fo r Data Zo nes

Zone Sectors Clocks Clock No. per per frequency track Frame in kHz 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

63 66 70 73 76 81 83 87 90 94 97 100 102 105 109 112

569 597 625 652 680 721 749 776 804 832 859 887 914 928 956 997

32 774,40 34 387,20 36 000,00 37 555,20 39 168,00 41 529,60 43 142,40 44 697,60 46 310,40 47 923,20 49 478,40 51 091,20 52 646,40 53 452,80 55 065,60 57 427,20

DCb per Data Field 480 504 528 552 576 612 636 660 684 708 732 756 780 792 816 852

Arial Bytes Frames DCb Data rate Linear per per period T in density in density in Data Field Sector in ns Mbyte/s µm/DCb Mbit/mm2 40,00 42,00 44,00 46,00 48,00 51,00 53,00 55,00 57,00 59,00 61,00 63,00 65,00 66,00 68,00 71,00

57 54 51 49 47 44 43 41 40 38 37 36 35 34 33 32

30,51 29,08 27,78 26,63 25,53 24,08 23,18 22,37 21,59 20,87 20,21 19,57 18,99 18,71 18,16 17,41

2,06 2,16 2,29 2,39 2,49 2,65 2,72 2,85 2,95 3,08 3,18 3,28 3,34 3,44 3,57 3,67

0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,233 0,230 0,231 0,232 0,234 0,235 0,236 0,237 0,238 0,242 0,243 0,240

3,681 3,651 3,624 3,599 3,577 3,626 3,605 3,585 3,567 3,550 3,534 3,520 3,507 3,443 3,433 3,471

Recording code The recording code used to record all data in the formatted areas of the disk shall be the run-length limited code known as RLL(1,7) as defined in table 5. A ONE indicates a transition (mark-to-land or land-to-mark) while a ZERO indicates no transition. An X means the inverse of the preceding Channel bit (if the preceding Channel bit was ONE, the X means ZERO and vice versa). Basically 2 data bits translate into 3 Channel bits (group A). However, if these first 2 data bits are both ZERO then the next 2 data bits are evaluated too and the 4 data bits translate into 6 Channel bits (group B). Tab le 5 - C onversion t able fo r R LL(1 ,7) Cod e Data Bits (msb first) 01 10 11 0001 0010 0011 0000

Transitions

Group

X00 010 X01 X00001 X00000 010001 010000

A A A B B B B

- 41 -

16.1

Termination Field The Termination Field shall consist of 3 Data Channel bits which are added to the RLL(1,7) sequence at the end of each Recordable Field within each Frame, to properly terminate the last string of marks or spaces before entering the next Servo Field. A mark may be written at the centre of the two first termination bits. The third termination bit is always blank (merging bit).

16.2

Data recording method for the RLL(1,7) Code The method of recording shall be the so-called pulse length modulation. However, any length of continuous mark shall be simulated by a string of single marks. A 2T mark shall be made by a single laser pulse and it shall be centred between two Channel bits so as to create a 11 pattern.

17 17.1

Defect Management Defective Sectors recorded in the SDI Addresses of Sectors detected defective during manufacturing of the disk shall be recorded in the SDI as specified in bytes 64 to 2039 (see 18.3.2 and annex H).

17.2

Reading and writing Procedure When reading and writing, all defective sectors listed in the SDI shall be skipped and the data shall be read or written in the Static Relocation Area (see 17.3). If a write failure or a verify failure occurs the failed Sector shall be written to the Relocation Area and the failed sector address shall be added to the Dynamic Relocation Maps Area (see 17.4).

17.3

Format of the Relocation Area The area dedicated to relocation shall be in the Spare Area (see 15.3) the range from Track 41803, Sector 0 to Track 42179, Sector 86 defining 32 799 blocks of data (each with one Sector length), numbered 0 to 32 798 and partitioned as follows:

17.4

Static Relocation Area: from block 0 to n, where n is the number of bad Sectors recorded in the SDI (see annex H, bytes 64 to n).

Gap: 1 Track (87 Blocks) from Block n to n+87

Dynamic Relocation and Dynamic Relocation Maps Areas: The range from Block n+88 to 32 798 shall be subdivided in groups of 260 blocks of which first 256 shall be dedicated to the Dynamic Relocation and last 4 to Dynamic Relocation Maps

Format of the Dynamic Relocation Maps Sectors Dynamic Relocation Maps shall provide for LBA to PBA association for LBAs which were relocated to the Dynamic Relocation Area. Each Dynamic Relocation Map Sector covers 248 sectors in the Dynamic Relocation Area. Dynamic Relocation Map Sectors shall have the format specified in table 6 Table 6- Dy namic R elo cat ion Ma ps Secto r format Byte Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Content PBA0 Offset (Offset into PBA range covered by this Map Sector) LBA0 MSB (Most Significant Byte) LBA0 NSB (Next Significant Byte) LBA0 LSB (Least Significant Byte) PBA1 Offset LBA1 MSB LBA1 NSB LBA1 LSB PBA2 Offset LBA2 MSB LBA2 NSB continued

- 42 -

11 M 992 to 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 to 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 to 2047

LBA2 LSB M Not defined by this ECMA Standard Start PBA MSB Start PBA NSB Start PBA LSB Number of PBAs covered by this Map Sector (always 248) ID (Map Identification, numbered 0 to n ) 248 248 Not defined by this ECMA Standard

The LBA to PBA association for a Sector covered by a Dynamic Relocation Map shall be computed as follows: For LBAn: PBAn = Start PBA + PBAn Offset

Prerecorded Information

18.1

Prerecorded Information definition Prerecorded Information is data that is written by the disk manufacturer during the final test for each disk.

18.2

Reserved regions Prerecorded Information shall be written in specific tracks of groups of reserved tracks (Reserved Regions). Table 7 shows detailed track locations of the various Reserved Regions and tracks at the middle radius of the disk. Tab le 7 – R es erv ed tra ck locat io ns Track Number

Zone Number

41 803 – 42 179 7 42 180 7 42 181 7 42 182 7 42 183 7 42 184 8 42 185 8 42 186 8 42 187 8 42 188 8 42 189 – 42 199 8 42 200 – 42 562 8 42 563 8 (Tracks –1 and –3 are blank)

18.3

Information type

Use / Comments

Defect Management and Spares Blank SDI Blank Blank Blank RFO Track RFO Track RFO Track Blank Media Test WPC Drive WPC Blank

For Drive Controller In every 8th Sector For baseline reference Crosstalk data pattern for RFO Read Focus Optimization Track Crosstalk data pattern for RFO For media test and calibration For Write Power Calibration.

Specific Disk Information (SDI) The Specific Disk Information (SDI) is data that is specific to each side and contains information such as write sensitivity and defects location. SDI data is fully encoded including complete ECC and interleave. A primary SDI shall be recorded on Track 42 181 of Data Zone 7. A secondary SDI shall be recorded on Track –2 of the Lead-in Zone for backup.

18.3 .1

SD I Secto r allo cat ion Both SDI Tracks shall be divided into groups of 8 Sectors (SDI 0 to SDI 7). SDI 0 shall be written by the disk manufacturer, while SDI 1 (and higher) can be written later if it becomes necessary to override the information contained in SDI 0 (or higher). This allows for 7 updates after writing the original SDI.

- 43 -

Each side of the disk shall have its own SDI Sectors, which are repeated in every 8th Sector as follows: SDI 0:

in Sectors 7, 15, 23, 31, etc.

SDI 1:

in Sectors 6, 14, 22, 30, etc.

SDI 2:

in Sectors 5, 13, 21, 29, etc.

etc. for SDI 3 to SDI 7. 18.3 .2

SD I cont ent A-side SDI shall be recorded on the A-side of the disk; B-side SDI shall be recorded on the B-side of the disk. Table 8 gives a summary of the SDI content. The detailed description of the SDI bytes is given in annex H. In Table 8, “n” (Bytes 64 to 2039) is determined by the actual number of bad Sector ranges on the disk side. There is room for 247 bad Sector ranges. Each range may cover hundreds of tracks and multiple Sectors. The error codes for the Bad Sector Maps shall be as defined in table 9.

18.4

Read Focus Optimization (RFO) Tracks The RFO Tracks contain data patterns with worst case read-margins for allowing the drives to optimize their focus offset for each disk and thus also reduce the effects of temperature and mechanical drift. The RFO data pattern is identical to the WPC data pattern as described in 21.4.3. The Crosstalk data pattern is worst case for the WPC pattern. The RFO Tracks shall be written by the Media manufacturer at the locations as defined in 18.2 at nominal Write Power. Tab le 8 - D ata in eac h SDI Se cto r ( Sum ma ry)

Byte Number

Information

Setting

Comments

SDI Revision Code

(01)

For this ECMA Standard

Product Identifier

(08)

For this ECMA Standard

Servo Writer Number

Retrieved

Defined by media manufacturer

Media Tester Number

Retrieved

Defined by media manufacturer

4 to 7

Test Date

Retrieved

Year (2B), Month (1B), Day(1B)

8 to 11

OMA Number

Retrieved

From drive

Clock Mark Signal Amplitude

Measured

Value = 100 × Ic /Io , (typical value)

Data Mark Signal Amplitude

Measured

Value = 100 × Id /Io , for 3T marks, (typical value)

Optimum Read Power

Measured

Value = 100 × Power in mW

Maximum Read Power

Measured

Value = 100 × Power in mW

Radial Tracking Gain Multiplier IR

Measured

(64) = 100%, measured on sample basis

Radial Tracking Gain Multiplier MR

Measured

(64) = 100%, measured on sample basis

Radial Tracking Gain Multiplier OR

Measured

(64) = 100%, measured on sample basis

Axial Tracking Gain Multiplier IR

(64)

(64) = 100%, for this ECMA Standard

Axial Tracking Gain Multiplier MR

(64)

(64) = 100%, for this ECMA Standard

Axial Tracking Gain Multiplier OR

(64)

(64) = 100% for this ECMA Standard

Write Power Boost Z0

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Boost for Cold Burns in Zone 0

Write Power Boost Z8

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Boost for Cold Burns in Zone 8

Write Power Boost Z15

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Boost for Cold Burns in Zone15

Write Power Droop Z0

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Droop for Long Marks in Zone 0

Write Power Droop Z8

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Droop for Long Marks in Zone 8

Write Power Droop Z15

Measured

Percentage of Write Power Droop for Long Marks in Zone 15

Nominal Write Power for Zone 8

Measured

Value = 10 × Power in mW, measured on each disk

Write Power Multiplier for Zone 0

Measured

(64) = 100%, measured on each disk

continued

- 44 -

Byte Number

Information

Setting

Comments

Write Power Multiplier for Zone 8

(64)

Always set to (64) (= 100%)

Write Power Multiplier for Zone 15

Measured

(64) = 100%, measured on each disk

32 to 47

Write Power Media Profile for zones 0 – 15 Media Identifier

(64)

(64) = 100% , all set to 100% for this ECMA Standard This profile is not measured on each disk Eight 7-bit coded characters, from File

48 to 55

Retrieved

Disk side

Retrieved

One 7-bit coded character A or B, from File

A/B sector alignment

Measured

Position of sector 0 on the B-side relative to sector 0 on the A-side (in segment units)

58 to 63

Not used

(00)

64 to n

Measured

n to 2039

Bad Sector Maps 8 Bytes for each defect range Remainder of maps area

(00)

Error Code (1 byte), Start Track (3 bytes), Number of Tracks (2 bytes), Start Sector (1 byte), Number of Sectors (1 byte) Fill the remainder of the maps area with ZEROs

2040 to 2041

Total number of Bad Sectors

Computed

As contained in the maps above

2042 to 2043

Not used

(00)

2044 to 2045

Checksum (4 bytes)

Computed

Sum of bytes 0 to 2043

Tab le 9 - Erro r Cod e s of th e Er ro r Byt e Typ e for t he Ba d Se cto r Map s Setting

Error Type

Bit 0 set to ONE

Servo Field Defect (including Clock and Wobble)

Bit 1 set to ONE

Tracking over Limit

Bit 2 set to ONE

Focus over Limit

Bit 3 set to ONE

Quadrature Wobble Defect

Bit 4 set to ONE

Data Field Defect

Bit 5 set to ONE

"No Transfer Start" status (usually due to defects in the previous sector)

Bit 6 set to ONE

Clock Defect

Bit 7 set to ONE

PLL loss (fatal defect)

A designated bit set to ZERO indicates no error of the corresponding type.

Section 4 - Characteristics of Prerecorded Information 19

Method of testing The format of the Prerecorded Information on the disk is defined in 14.5 to 14.8. Clause 20 specifies the requirements for the signals from prerecorded information marks, as obtained when using the Reference Drive specified in clause 9. Clause 20 specifies the quality of the prerecorded marks averaged over one track and measured at 7 Tracks: 00 000, 10 000, 26 000, 42 200, 58 000, 74 366, 84 366. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors, erroneous Servo Fields, or errors in the Recordable Fields. These errors are covered in section 6.

19.1

Environment All signals specified in clause 20 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.

19.2

Use of the Reference Drive All signals specified in clause 20 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

- 45 -

19.2 .1

O pt ics a nd mecha n ics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to e). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

19.2 .2

R ead po wer The read power is the optical power incident at the entrance surface, used when reading. It shall be

19.2 .3

−

0,8 mW on spin up,

−

the Optimum Read Power Pr opt recorded in the SDI, after spin up and reading of the SDI.

R ead cha nn e l The Read Channel shall have the implementation as given by Channel 1 in 9.3. The edge positions of the data signal shall be measured for testing purposes by a combination of the threshold and so-called SISIC methods as defined in annex J. The threshold value is referenced to the centre of the peak to peak of the read out signal in each Recorded Reference Field (see 14.9).

19.2 .4 Tra ck ing 19.2 .4.1 Ax ia l Tracking erro r signal deriva t ion The axial tracking error signal Sa (see 9.4) is derived by sampling and holding signal (J1 + J3) - (J2 + J4 ) delivered by Channel 2 (see figure 1) when the light spot scans the mirrored area of the Servo Field (from Servo bit locations 5 to 16, see 14.7 and figure 15). 19.2 .4.2

Radia l Tra cking error signa l deriv atio n The amplitude of radial tracking error signal Sr (see 9.4) is derived by sampling and holding difference of signals I w delivered by Channel 1 (see figure 1) when the light spot passes in front of the centres of the two successive Quadrature Wobble Tracking Marks of the neighboured tracks (see figures 15 and 17). The sign of the radial tracking signal is depending of the right/left side occurrence of the two successive Quadrature Wobble Tracking Marks of the neighboured tracks. This sign changes every two tracks and can be determined by the position of the Quadrature Wobble Tracking centred Mark of the track being scanned.

19.2 .4.3

Tra cking requirement s During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall have an axial deviation of not more than e max (axial) = 0,50 µm from the recording layer, and it shall have a radial deviation of not more than e max (radial) = 0,08 µm from the centre of a track.

19.3

Definition of signals Figure 17 shows the signals specified in clause 20 (for a track with Tracking Mark at location C). Where (see also figure 15): I o , is the signal amplitude of the nominal reflection level of the unrecorded area. I c , is the signal amplitude at the centre of the Clock Mark. I wa , I wb , I wc, are the signal amplitudes at centres of QWT Marks, positioned at A, B, C. All signals are linearly related to currents through a photodiode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.

- 46 -

Iwb

Iwa Ic

Iwc

Nominal Reflection Level

Zero Level 00-0021-A

F ig ur e 17 - Read S igna l fro m Se rv o-M a rks

20 20.1

Prerecorded Information signal requirements Modulation Depth of preformatted marks The Modulation Depth of preformatted marks I c /I o , measured while tracking at track centre, shall be within 5% of the typical value recorded in the SDI (see 18.3.2). The change of the Modulation Depth over one revolution shall be less than 5%. The Modulation Depth variation over the entire User Area shall be less than 10% of the SDI recorded figure.

20.2

Ratio of minimum and maximum Clock Mark signal amplitude with open tracking loop The ratio I min / I max of minimum and maximum Clock Mark signal amplitude with open tracking loop shall be less than 0,75.

20.3

Clock Mark jitter The maximum allowable jitter of the Clock Marks shall be: Between any pair of adjacent tracks: 1/4 Servo Channel bit In-track for f > 1 kHz: 1/20 Servo Channel bit In-track for f < 1 kHz: 1/4 Servo Channel bit

20.4

Relative tangential displacement of preformatted marks The maximum displacement of the preformatted marks relative to their intended position as determined by the repetition of the Clock Marks shall be 1/20 Servo Channel bit.

20.5

Variation of QWT Marks signal amplitude While tracking at the track centre of any track: - The signal amplitude from both adjacent QWT Marks (I wa and I wb in figure 17) shall be at least 15 % of the Clock Mark signal amplitude I c. - The local amplitude variation of signals from the 4 adjacent QWT Marks shall be less than 5 %.

20.6

Track pitch The track pitch for the entire preformatted area shall be 800 nm ± 35 nm (see 14.3).

20.7

Radial runout The radial runout of tracks shall not exceed 100 µm (see 11.4.7).

- 47 -

20.8

Radial accelerations Radial accelerations shall not exceed 3 m/s2 in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 500 Hz (see 11.4.8). (For frequencies below 100 Hz, the runout shall be as specified in 11.4.7). Sectors containing accelerations above 1 500 Hz shall be considered defective and shall be relocated according to the rules of defect management defined in clause 17.

20.9

Tracking Gain The Tracking Gain is defined as the magnitude, expressed in dB, of the open-loop frequency response measured at 3 kHz with the Reference Tracking Servos defined in 11.4.6 and 11.4.8 (see also annex K.2.3). Typical Tracking Gain-multipliers defined as a multiplying factor to be applied to the measured tracking axial and radial error signals in the tracking servo loops, determined for internal radius IR, middle radius MR and outer radius OR during manufacturing of the disk, shall be recorded in the SDI (see 18.3.2). The tolerance of the small signal gain with respect to the typical SDI recorded gains shall be less than 1,0 dB. The local variations of the small signal gain shall be less than 0,5 dB.

Section 5 - Characteristics of the recording layer 21

Method of testing Clauses 21.1 to 21.4 describe a series of tests to assess the properties of the Recording layer, as used for writing and reading data. The tests shall be performed in the Recording Fields of the Test Regions dedicated to write testing on each side of the disk. The write and read operations necessary for the tests shall be made on the same Reference Drive. Clause 22 specifies only the average quality of the recording layer. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause write problems. These defects are covered in section 6.

21.1

Test Regions There are three Test Regions for write testing on each side of the disk: Test Region 1 is at the inner radius, in the Lead-in Zone, from Track -20 to Track -4. Test Region 2 is at the middle radius, starting at Track 42 189. This is in the WPC Region (see 18.2) and is shared with drive calibration. Test Region 3 is at the outer radius, in the Lead-out zone, from Track 84 368 to Track 84 400. These Test Regions are available to the media manufacturers for performing the write sensitivity testing of the media. If necessary, more tracks in the Lead-in Zone and Lead-out Zone may be used for additional write testing.

21.2

Environment All signals in clause 22 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.

21.3

Use of the Reference Drive The write tests described in clause 22 shall be measured in Channel 1 of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

21.3 .1

O pt ics a nd mecha n ics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to e). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

21.3 .2

R ead po wer The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for reading the information shall be the Optimum Read Power Pr opt recorded in the SDI (see 18.3.2).

- 48 -

21.3 .3

R ead C hannel The Reference Drive shall have a Read Channel that can detect marks in the recording layer. This channel shall have an implementation equivalent to that given by Channel 1 in 9.3. The edge positions of the data signal shall be measured for testing purposes by a combination of the threshold and so-called SISIC methods as defined in annex J. The threshold value is referenced to the centre of the peak to peak of the read out signal in each Recorded Reference Field (see 14.9).

21.3 .4

21.4

Tra ck ing During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the track as specified in 19.2.4.3.

Write conditions The requirement for all tests shall be met over the operating environment except where otherwise noted.

2 1 . 4 .1

W r it e p u ls e Marks are recorded on the disk by pulses of optical power synchronized with the data clock. The pulse shape for the purpose of testing will be a nominally rectangular pulse as shown in figure L.1 of annex L with duration T p and peak power Pw. Each mark shall be written by an initial T p = 1T pulse followed by a succession of T p = T/2 pulses separated by T/2 spaces, as shown by figure L.2 of annex L, with boosts and droops depending of the data sequence and the recording Zone, as defined in 21.4.4. T p is the full width, half-maximum duration of the light pulse. T p shall be measured by a high-speed photo detector at the output of the laser. T varies with Data Zone (see 15.3.1). The tolerances of T p shall be ± 10% T p with a 10 % to 90 % rise and fall time of less than 10 % T p. The measurement of laser power shall be done in pulsed operation by averaging, for example one pulse every 50 ns, using a spherical radiometer. The averaging method of measuring the laser power will minimize the accumulation of pulse width and pulse amplitude tolerances. The values of Pw used in any media tests shall be as defined in 21.4.3.

21.4 .2

No mina l W r it e Po we r P w n o m The Nominal Write Power Pw nom is defined as the write power at which readable data is recorded with optimal amplitude margin for worst case data patterns, including worst case crosstalk from both adjacent tracks. Pw nom shall not exceed 15 mW anywhere in the User Area. The maximum allowed change of Pw nom over the specified lifetime for writing shall be +15 % to –5 %.

21.4 .3

No mina l W r it e Po we r P w n o m d ete r mi n a t ion Pw nom for each disk side shall be calibrated by writing in the Write Power Calibration (WPC) Region in Data Zone 8. Each WPC execution consumes 1 Sector. Hence each disk side allows 32 670 WPCs. The media manufacturer will measure the average Pw nom per track in the three Test Regions defined in 21.1 and write these three Pw nom in the SDI as defined in 18.3.2. This Pw nom information for inner, middle and outer radii, enables the drive to set the write power for each Data Zone by means of interpolation. The WPC pattern is generated by writing a data pattern of alternating (AAAA) and (EEEE). This data pattern results in alternating Channel bit strings of 3T and 2T. The WPC pattern shall be also used for Read Focus Optimization (see 18.4).

21.4 .4

W rit ing Po wer boo sts a nd droops For Cold Burns, defined as written marks preceded by unwritten gaps larger than 3T, the peak power of the initial writing pulse shall be increased (boost) as specified in bytes 22, 23, 24 of the SDI for the different Zones 0, 8, 15 (see 18.3, annexes H and L).

- 49 -

For Long Marks, defined as written marks longer than 6T, the peak power of the two last writing pulses shall be reduced (droop) as specified in bytes 25, 26, 27 of the SDI for the different Zones 0, 8, 15 (see 18.3, annexes H and L). For 6T marks, only the peak power of the last writing pulse shall be reduced as specified here above. 21.4 .5

W rit e M ed ia Pro f ile The Write Media Profile specifies the media sensitivity profile of the media in intermediate Zones 0 to 15. This profile is defined by multipliers by which the linearly interpolated values of Pw nom as defined for each Zone in 21.4.3 shall be multiplied. These multipliers shall be defined by bytes 32 to 47 of the SDI (see 18.3 and annex H).

Write characteristics

22.1

Signal modulation The signal amplitude of Long Marks (marks of duration larger than 6T) shall be at least larger than 30 % of the base line reflectivity.

22.2

Signal Resolution The signal amplitude of 2T marks shall be at least larger than 15 % of the Long Marks amplitude.

22.3

Write power margin The write power margin is defined as the write power range over which sectors can be recorded with a maximum of 2 bytes errors per code word. The write power margin shall be at least Pw nom + 25 % in each of the 16 Data Zones.

Section 6 - Characteristics of user data 23

Method of testing Clauses 24 and 25 describe a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this ECMA Standard. It checks the legibility of both pre-written and user-written data. The data is assumed to be arbitrary. The user-written data may have been written by any drive in any environment. The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive. Whereas clauses 19 to 22 disregard defects, clauses 24 and 25 include them as unavoidable deterioration of the read signals. The gravity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the error detection and correction circuit in the read channel defined below. The requirements in clauses 24 and 25 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.

23.1

Environment All signals specified in clauses 24 and 25 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing, the entrance surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.

23.2

Use of the Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 24 and 25 shall be measured in the indicated channel of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:

23.2 .1

O pt ics a nd mecha n ics The focused optical beam shall have the properties specified in 9.2 a) to e). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

23.2 .2

R ead po wer The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be the Optimum Read Power Pr opt recorded in the SDI (see 18.3.2).

- 50 -

23.2 .3

R ead cha nn e l The Reference Drive shall have a Read Channel that can detect marks in the recording layer. This channel shall have an implementation equivalent to that given by Channel 1 in 9.3. The edge positions of the data signal shall be measured for testing purposes by a combination of the threshold and so-called SISIC methods as defined in annex J. The threshold value is referenced to the centre of the peak to peak of the read out signal in each Recorded Reference Field (see 14.9).

23.2.4

Er ro r co r r e ct io n Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by error detection and correction system based on the definition of the CRC and ECC of annex G.

23.2 .5

Tra ck ing The tracking channel shall have an implementation equivalent to that given by Channel 2 in 9.4. During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the track as specified in 19.2.4.3.

Minimum quality of a Sector This clause specifies the minimum quality of the Servo Fields and Recordable Fields of a Sector as required for interchange of the data contained in that Sector. The quality shall be measured on the Reference Drive specified in 23.2. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong setting, as detected by ECC and/or CRC circuits.

24.1

Servo Fields An unwritten Sector shall have no more than 2 consecutive Frames with a defect, as defined hereafter, in its Servo Fields. Any sector which fails to meet this criterion shall be mapped into the defect list. Defects in the Servo Fields shall be defined as follows: − − − −

24.2

Individual BOS and Clock Marks amplitudes lower than 75 % of the mean value for the disk, Axial tracking error signal variation between successive Frames larger than 0,25 µm, QWT signal showing a centre sample amplitude lower than the average of the amplitudes of adjacent samples, Two successive unreadable addresses.

User-written data The user-written data in a sector as read by Channel 1 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by error correction defined in 23.2.4.

24.3

Pre-written data The pre-written data in a sector as read by Channel 1 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by error correction defined in 23.2.4.

Data interchange requirements A disk offered for interchange of data shall comply with the following requirements (see also annex K).

25.1

Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

25.2

User-written and pre-written data The user-written or pre-written data in a sector as read by Channel 1 that shall not comply with 24.2 and 24.3 shall be replaced according to the rules of the defect management as defined in clause 17.

25.3

Quality of disk The quality of the disk is reflected in the number of replaced Sectors in the Data Zones. This ECMA Standard allows a maximum of 7 400 Static and 14 800 Dynamic replaced Sectors per side (see clause 17).

- 51 -

Annex A ( nor mat ive )

Air cleanliness class 100 000 The classification of air cleanliness is based on a particle count with a maximum allowable number of specified minimum sized particles per unit volume, and on a statistical average particle size distribution.

A.1

Definition The particle count shall not exceed a total of 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size 0,5 µm and larger. The statistical average particle size distribution is given in figure A.1. Class 100 000 means that 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 0,5 µm and larger are allowed, but only 25 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 5,0 µm and larger. It shall be recognized that single sample distribution may deviate from this curve because of local or temporary conditions. Counts below 350 000 particles per cubic metre are unreliable except when a large number of a samplings is taken.

Test method For particles of size in the range of 0,5 µm to 5,0 µm, equipment employing light-scattering principles shall be used. The air in the controlled environment is sampled at a known flow rate. Particles contained in the sampled air are passed through an illuminated sensing zone in the optical chamber of the instrument. Light scattered by individual particles is received by a photo detector that converts the light pulses into electrical current pulses. An electronic system relates the pulse height to particle size and counts the pulses such that the number of particles in relation to particle size is registered or displayed.

100 000 000

Total number of particle per m equal to, or greater than, the stated particle size.

10 000 000

A.2

1 000 000 100 000 10 000 1 000 100

0,1

0,51

5 10

100

1 000

Particle size micrometres 94-109-B

Fig ure A .1 - Part icle size d ist rib ut ion curv e

- 52 -

- 53 -

Annex B (normative)

Edge distortion test B.1

The distortion test checks if the case is free from unacceptable distortion and protrusions along its edges. The test is made by causing the cartridge to pass through the vertical slot of a gauge while applying a specified force in addition to the gravitational pull.

B.2

The gauge shall be made of a suitable material, e.g. of chrome-plated carbon steel. The inner surfaces shall be polished to a surface finish of 5 µm peak-to-peak.

B.3

The dimensions shall be as follows (see figure B.1): L a = 350,0 mm L b = 321,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L c = 12,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L d = 17,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L e = 25 mm min.

B.4

When the cartridge is inserted vertically into the gauge, a vertical downward force F of 6,7 N maximum, applied to the centre of the top edge of the cartridge, shall cause the cartridge to pass through the gauge.

- 54 -

Lc La

Ld Lb

00-0034-A

Fig ure B.1 - Disto rt ion gauge

- 55 -

Annex C ( nor mat ive )

Compliance test C.1

In non-operating conditions the flexible walls of the case shall contact the disk hub around the hub aperture area so that to close this aperture. The compliance test checks the flexibility of the case, used to liberate the hub from the case walls contact during loading in the drive.

C.2

The long edges AA', BB', CC', DD' of the case (see figure C.1) shall be held horizontally between the rigid guide rails of figure C.2 defined by L f = 10,0 mm ± 1,0 mm L g = 16 mm ± 0,2 mm and the four surfaces S defined on each side of the case, by (see figure C.3) D a = 4,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L h = 72,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L i = 168,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L j = 54,6 mm ± 0,1 mm shall be brought to the positions shown on figure C.4 below the plane Q a (AA',BB') and above the plane Q b (CC', DD'), defined by L k = 0,75 mm ± 0,20 mm

C.3

Requirements Under the conditions of C.2, the total reaction force exerted by the four surfaces of each side shall not exceed 4 N.

- 56 -

A’

C’

B’ D’

E’

A C

B D

00-0042-A

Fig ure C .1 – Long edg e s AA', BB', CC', DD ' o f the ca se

case (section EE’) EE’)

rails

00-0074-A

Fig ure C .2 Posit io n of th e ca s e in t he gu ide ra ils

- 57 -

Lh X

Lj Y

00-0043-A

Fig ure C .3 – Positio ns and d imens ions of Su rf aces S

Case wall Qa

Qb Lk

00-0044-A

Fig ure C .4 – Positio n o f ca se wa lls during co mplian ce t est

- 58 -

- 59 -

Annex D ( nor mat ive )

Test method for measuring the adsorbent force of the hub D.1

The purpose of this test is to determine the magnetic characteristic of the magnetizable material of the hub.

D.2

Dimensions The test device (see figure D.1) consists of a spacer, a magnet, a back yoke and a centre shaft. The dimensions of test device are as follows: Db =

50,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

Dc =

76,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

Dd =

70 mm max. + 0,0 mm

De =

36,0 mm - 0,1 mm

D.3

Ha =

0,40 mm ± 0,01 mm

Hb =

6 mm (typical, to be adjusted to meet the force requirement of D.4)

Material The material of the test device shall be : Magnet Back yoke Spacer Centre shaft

D.4

: Any magnetizable material, typically Sm-Co : Any suitable magnetizable material : Non-magnetizable material or air gap : Non-magnetizable material

Characteristics of the magnet with back yoke Number of poles: 12 (typical) Maximum energy product (Bh max): 300 kJ/m3 ± 15 J/m3 The characteristics of the magnet with back yoke shall be adjusted so that with a pure nickel plate of the following dimensions (see figure D.2), and the adsorbent force of this plate at the point of H c = 0,4 mm when spaced from the magnet surface shall be 11 N ± 1 N.

D.5

Df =

50,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

Dg =

70,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

Hc =

2,00 mm ± 0,05 mm

Test condition for temperature These conditions shall be as specified in 8.1.1.

- 60 -

Dd De

Hub side B Magnet Back yoke Hb Db

Spacer

Dc Centre shaft 00-0050-A

Fig ure D .1 - Test d ev ice for th e c la mp ing cha r acterist ic of the hu b

Df Dg

00-0051-A

Fig ure D .2 - Calib rat io n p late of t he t est d ev ice

- 61 -

Annex E ( nor mat ive )

Creeping One of Four Code (COF) The following table gives the mark-positions for all 256 combinations in one address byte constituted of 4 nibles J, K, L, M, with numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 representing mark positioned respectively at 40, 41, 42, 43 of the SCb scale (see figure 15).

Number

JKLM

Number

JKLM

Number

JKLM

Number

JKLM

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

0000 0001 0002 0003 0013 0012 0011 0010 0020 0021 0022 0023 0033 0032 0031 0030 0130 0131 0132 0133 0123 0122 0121 0120 0110 0111 0112 0113 0103 0102 0101 0100 0200 0201 0202 0203 0213 0212 0211 0210 0220 0221 0222 0223 0233 0232 0231 0230 0330 0331 0332 0333 0323 0322 0321 0320 0310 0311 0312 0313 0303 0302 0301 0300

64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127

1300 1301 1302 1303 1313 1312 1311 1310 1320 1321 1322 1323 1333 1332 1331 1330 1230 1231 1232 1233 1223 1222 1221 1220 1210 1211 1212 1213 1203 1202 1201 1200 1100 1101 1102 1103 1113 1112 1111 1110 1120 1121 1122 1123 1133 1132 1131 1130 1030 1031 1032 1033 1023 1022 1021 1020 1010 1011 1012 1013 1003 1002 1001 1000

128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191

2000 2001 2002 2003 2013 2012 2011 2010 2020 2021 2022 2023 2033 2032 2031 2030 2130 2131 2132 2133 2123 2122 2121 2120 2110 2111 2112 2113 2103 2102 2101 2100 2200 2201 2202 2203 2213 2212 2211 2210 2220 2221 2222 2223 2233 2232 2231 2230 2330 2331 2332 2333 2323 2322 2321 2320 2310 2311 2312 2313 2303 2302 2301 2300

192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255

3300 3301 3302 3303 3313 3312 3311 3310 3320 3321 3322 3323 3333 3332 3331 3330 3230 3231 3232 3233 3223 3222 3221 3220 3210 3211 3212 3213 3203 3202 3201 3200 3100 3101 3102 3103 3113 3112 3111 3110 3120 3121 3122 3123 3133 3132 3131 3130 3030 3031 3032 3033 3023 3022 3021 3020 3010 3011 3012 3013 3003 3002 3001 3000

- 62 -

- 63 -

Annex F ( nor mat ive )

PBA, LBA formats

F.1

PBA format The PBA format shall be as defined in table F.1. PBAs 0 to 7 469 071 cover Side A and PBAs 7 469 072 to 14 938 143 cover Side B. Tab le F.1 – P BA fo r ma t

F.2

PBA

Side

Track

Sector

0 1 : 7 469 071 7 469 072 7 469 073 : 14 938 143

A A : A B B : B

- 256 - 256 : 84 622 - 256 - 256 : 84 622

0 1 : 111 0 1 : 111

LBA format LBAs shall be assigned to alternating Sectors of each side. The alternating shall associate Zones of each side (in order to maintain a constant data rate across the radius of the disk), as defined in sequences 1 to 16 given in table F.2, where sides A and B are identified by A and B, respectively. LBA 0 shall be assigned to Side A, Track 0, Sector 0. LBA 1 shall be assigned to side B, Track 0, Sector n, where n is the value defined in byte 57 of the SDI. Following LBAs shall be assigned using successively the sequences 1 to 16: LBA

Side

Track

Sector

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...

A B B A B B A B B A ...

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...

0 n n+1 1 n+2 n+3 2 n+4 n+5 3 ...

When arriving at the end of a sequence the assignment shall resume at the beginning of the sequence and this shall be repeated until all LBAs of the two associated Zones have been assigned. This alternating shall successively cover associated Zones 0-15, 1-14, 2-13, etc., as defined by the sequences of table F.2.

- 64 -

Tab le F.2 – A lte rna tin g se qu en ce s

Sequence 1 associating Zones 0, A and 15, B

Sequence 9 associating Zones 8, A and 7, B

ABBABBABBABBABABBABBABBABABBABBA BBABBABABBABBABBABABBABBABBABBAB ABBABBABBABABBABBABBABBABABBABBA BBABABBABBABBABBABABBABBABBABABB ABBABBABBABABBABBABBABABBABBABBA BBABABBABBABBAB

ABABABABABABABABABABABABABABABAB ABABABABABABABABABABABABABAABABA BABABABABABABABABABABABABABABABA BABABABABABABABABABAABABABABABAB ABABABABABABABABABABABABABABABAB ABABABABABABABAAB

Sequence 2 associating Zones 1, A and 14, B

Sequence 10 associating Zones 9, A and 6, B

ABBABBABABBABBABABBABBABABBABBAB ABBABBABABBABBABABBABBABABBABABB ABBABABBABBABABBABBABABBABBABABB ABBABABBABBABABBABABBABBABABBABB ABABBABBABABBABBABABBABBABABBABB ABABBABBABABBAB

ABABABABABABABABAABABABABABABABA ABABABABABABABABAABABABABABABABA ABABABABABABABABAABABABABABABABA ABABABABABABABABAABABABABABABABA ABABABABABABABABAABABABABABABABA ABABABABABABABABA

Sequence 3 associating Zones 2, A and 13, B

Sequence 11 associating Zones 10, A and 5, B

ABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABAB BABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBA BABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABA BBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABB ABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBABABBAB ABBABABBABABBAB

ABABABABABABAABABABABABAABABABAB ABAABABABABABAABABABABABAABABABA BABAABABABABABAABABABABABAABABAB ABABAABABABABABAABABABABABAABABA BABABAABABABABABAABABABABABAABAB ABABABAABABABABABA

Sequence 4 associating Zones 3, A and 12, B

Sequence 12 associating Zones 11, A and 4, B

ABBABABBABABABBABABBABABABBABABB ABABABBABABBABABABBABABBABABABBA BABBABABABBABABBABABABBABABBABAB ABBABABBABABABBABABBABABABBABABB ABABABBABABBABABABBABABBABABABBA BABABBABABBABAB

ABABABABAABABABAABABABAABABABAAB ABABAABABABAABABABABAABABABAABAB ABAABABABAABABABAABABABAABABABAB AABABABAABABABAABABABAABABABAABA BABAABABABABAABABABAABABABAABABA BAABABABAABABABA

Sequence 5 associating Zones 4, A and 11, B

Sequence 13 associating Zones 12, A and 3, B

ABBABABABBABABABBABABABBABABABBA BABABBABABABABBABABABBABABABBABA BABBABABABBABABABBABABABABBABABA BBABABABBABABABBABABABBABABABBAB ABABABBABABABBABABABBABABABBABAB ABBABABABABBABAB

ABABABAABABABAABABAABABABAABABAA BABABAABABAABABABAABABAABABABAAB ABAABABABAABABAABABABAABABAABABA BAABABAABABABAABABAABABABAABABAA BABABAABABAABABABAABABAABABABAAB ABAABABABAABABA

Sequence 6 associating Zones 5, A and 10, B

Sequence 14 associating Zones 13, A and 2, B

ABBABABABABABBABABABABABBABABABA BABBABABABABABBABABABABABBABABAB ABABBABABABABABBABABABABABBABABA BABABBABABABABABBABABABABABBABAB ABABABBABABABABABBABABABABABABBA BABABABABBABABABAB

ABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAAB ABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABAB AABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAA BABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABA BAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABAABABA ABABAABABAABABA

Sequence 7 associating Zones 6, A and 9, B

Sequence 15 associating Zones 14, A and 1, B

ABBABABABABABABABBABABABABABABAB ABBABABABABABABABBABABABABABABAB ABBABABABABABABABBABABABABABABAB ABBABABABABABABABABBABABABABABAB ABBABABABABABABABABBABABABABABAB ABBABABABABABABAB

ABABAABABAABAABABAABAABABAABAABA BAABAABABAABAABABAABAABABAABAABA BAABABAABAABABAABAABABAABAABABAA BAABABAABAABABAABAABABAABAABABAA BABAABAABABAABAABABAABAABABAABAA BABAABAABABAABA

Sequence 8 associating Zones 7, A and 8, B

Sequence 16 associating Zones 15, A and 0, B

ABBABABABABABABABABABABABABABABA BABABABABABABABABABABABABABABBAB ABABABABABABABABABABABABABABABAB ABABABABABABABABABABABABBABABABA BABABABABABABABABABABABABABABABA BABABABABABABABAB

ABABAABAABAABABAABAABAABAABABAAB AABAABABAABAABAABAABABAABAABAABA BAABAABAABAABABAABAABAABABAABAAB AABAABABAABAABAABABAABAABAABAABA BAABAABAABABAABAABAABAABABAABAAB AABABAABAABAABA

- 65 -

Annex G ( nor mat ive )

Interleave, CRC, ECC

G.1

Interleave table for Sector The bytes of a Sector shall be interleaved as shown in table G.1.

Code Word Offset     ↓

Hex

Dec

(00) (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08) (09) (0A) (0B) (0C) (0D) (0E) (0F) (10) (11) (12) . . . (C1) (C2) (C3) (C4) (C5) (C6) (C7) (C8) (C9) (CA) (CB) (CC) (CD) (CE) (CF) (D0) (D1) (D2) (D3) (D4) (D5) (D6) (D7) (D8) (D9) (DA) (DB) (DC) (DD) (DE)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 . . . 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 231 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222

Code Word →

R/W Direction → 000 00A 014 01E 028 032 03C 046 050 05A 064 06E 078 082 08C 096 0A0 0AA 0B4

001 00B 015 01F 029 033 03D 047 051 05B 065 06F 079 083 08D 097 0A1 0AB

User Data ↓ 002 00C 016 020 02A 034 03E 048 052 05C 066 070 07A 084 08E 098 0A2

7E4 7EE 7F8 802 80C 816 820 82A 834 83E 848 852 85C 866 870 87A 884 88E 898 8A2 8AC

7DB 7E5 7EF 7F9 803 80D 817 821 82B 835 83F 849 853 85D 867 871 87B 885 88F 899 8A3 8AD

7D2 7DC 7E6 7F0 7FA 804 80E 818 822 82C 836 840 84A 854 85E 868 872 87C 886 890 89A 8A4 8AE

003 00D 017 021 02B 035 03F 049 053 05D 067 071 07B 085 08F 099

004 00E 018 022 02C 036 040 04A 054 05E 068 072 07C 086 090

7C0 7CA 7D4 7DE 7E8 7F2 7FC 806 810 ↑ 81A  824  82E  838  842  84C  856  860  86A  874  87E  888  892  89C  8A6  8B0  4 5 Control Record

7C9 7D3 7DD 7E7 7F1 7FB 805 80F 819 823 82D 837 841 84B 855 85F 869 873 87D 887 891 89B 8A5 8AF

005 00F 019 023 02D 037 041 04B 055 05F 069 073 07D 087

006 010 01A 024 02E 038 042 04C 056 060 06A 074 07E

7B7 7C1 7CB 7D5 7DF 7E9 7F3 7FD 807 811 81B 825 82F 839 843 84D 857 861 86B 875 87F 889 893 89D 8A7 8B1

7AE 7B8 7C2 7CC 7D6 7E0 7EA 7F4 7FE 808 812 81C 826 830 83A 844 84E 858 862 86C 876 880 88A 894 89E 8A8 8B2

Tab le G .1 - In te r leav e tab le

007 011 01B 025 02F 039 043 04D 057 061 06B 075

008 012 01C 026 030 03A 044 04E 058 062 06C

79C 7A5 7A6 7AF 7B0 7B9 7BA 7C3 7C4 7CD 7CE 7D7 7D8 7E1 7E2 7EB 7EC 7F5 7F6 7FF 800 809 80A 813 814 81D ↑ 81E 827  828 831  832 83B  83C 845  846 84F  850 859  85A 863  864 86D  86E 877  878 881  882 88B  88C 895  896 89F  8A0 8A9  8AA 8B3  8B4  8 9 CRC

009 013 01D 027 031 03B 045 04F 059 063

793 79D 7A7 7B1 7BB 7C5 7CF 7D9 7E3 7ED 7F7 801 80B 815 81F 829 833 83D 847 851 85B 865 86F 879 883 88D 897 8A1 8AB 8B5 10

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G.2

ECC The ECC check bytes shall be computed over the Galois field based on the primitive polynomial G (x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 p

The generator polynomial for the ECC bytes shall be

∏ (x + α ) i =15

G e (x) =

i =0

where the element αi = (ß i ) 88, with ß being a primitive root of G (x). The value of the n-th bit in a byte is the p

coefficient of the n-th power of ß, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 7, when ß is expressed on a polynomial basis.

G.3

CRC The primitive polynomial and elements shall be the same as in G.2. The generator polynomial for the CRC check bytes shall be

∏ (x + α ) i = 23

G c (x) =

i = 20

The initial setting shall be all ZERO's.

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Annex H ( nor mat ive )

Content of SDI Sectors Each SDI Sector shall specify the following.

Byte 0 This byte shall specify the SDI revision version. For this ECMA Standard, this byte shall be set to (01). Byte 1 This byte shall specify the product version. For this ECMA Standard, this byte shall be set to (08). Byte 2 This byte shall specify the identification of the Servo-writer used to format the disk. Its setting shall be defined by the manufacturer. Byte 3 This byte shall specify the identification of the Media tester used to derive media characteristics recorded in the SDI. Its setting shall be defined by the manufacturer. Bytes 4 to 7 These bytes shall specify the date of the test of the media in a format Year (bytes 4,5), Month (byte 6), Day (byte 7). Bytes 8 to 11 These bytes shall specify the identification number of the Optical Module Assembly of the Media tester used to derive media characteristics recorded in the SDI. Byte 12 This byte shall specify the clock signal amplitude expressed in binary notation by a number n representing 100 times the ratio of the typical values of the Clock Mark amplitude signal I c and the nominal reflection amplitude level I o (see figure 17) n = 100 × I c /I o Byte 13 This byte shall specify the data signal amplitude expressed in binary notation by a number n representing 100 times the ratio of the typical values of the data mark amplitude signal I d and the nominal reflection amplitude level I o n = 100 × I d /I o Byte 14 This byte shall specify the Optimum Read Power Pr opt in milliwatts, by a number n = 100 × Pr opt Byte 15 This byte shall specify the Maximum Read Power Pr max in milliwatts, expressed in binary notation by a number n = 100 × Pr max

- 68 -

Byte 16 This byte shall specify the Tracking Gain Multiplier T gm for the inner radius, expressed in binary notation by a number n = 100 × Tgm /(64) Byte 17 This byte shall specify the Tracking Gain Multiplier T gm for the middle radius, expressed in binary notation by a number n = 100 × Tgm /(64) Byte 18 This byte shall specify the Tracking Gain Multiplier T gm for the outside radius, expressed in binary notation by a number n = 100 × Tgm /(64) Byte 19 This byte shall specify the Focus Gain Multiplier for the inner radius expressed in binary notation. For this Standard, this byte shall be set to (64) (=100%). Byte 20 This byte shall specify the Focus Gain Multiplier for the middle radius, expressed in binary notation. For this Standard, this byte shall be set to (64) (=100%). Byte 21 This byte shall specify the Focus Gain Multiplier for the outer radius, expressed in binary notation. For this Standard, this byte shall be set to (64) (=100%). Byte 22 This byte shall specify the Write Power Boost for Cold Burns of Data Zone 0, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) ×. Write Power Boost for Data Zone 0 Byte 23 This byte shall specify the Write Power Boost for Cold Burns of Data Zone 8, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Write Power Boost for Data Zone 8 Byte 24 This byte shall specify the Write Power Boost for Cold Burns of Data Zone 15, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Write Power Boost for Data Zone 15 Byte 25 This byte shall specify the Write Power Droop for Long Marks of Data Zone 0, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Write Power Droop for Data Zone 0 Byte 26 This byte shall specify the Write Power Droop for Long Marks of Data Zone 8, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Write Power Droop for Data Zone 8

- 69 -

Byte 27 This byte shall specify the Write Power Droop for Long Marks of Data Zone 15, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) . Write Power Droop for Data Zone 15 Byte 28 This byte shall specify the Nominal Write Power Pw nom in milliwatts for Data Zone 8, expressed in binary notation by a number n = 10 × Pw nom Byte 29 This byte shall specify the Nominal Write Power Pw nom for Data Zone 0, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Pw nom for Data Zone 8 / Pw nom for Data Zone 0 Byte 30 This byte shall specify the Nominal Write Power Pw nom for Data Zone 8, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Pw nom / Pw nom for Data Zone 8 This byte shall be set to (64). Byte 31 This byte shall specify the Nominal Write Power Pw nom for Data Zone 15, expressed in binary notation by a number n = (64) × Pw nom for Data Zone 8 / Pw nom for Data Zone 15 Bytes 32 to 47 These bytes shall specify the Write Power Media Profile, by a number n used to multiply the linearly interpolated value of the Nominal Write Power Pw nom of each Zone determined from the Nominal Write Power Pw nom of Zones 0, 8, 15, to derive the actual Write Power Pw nom of the Zone n = (64) × Pw nom actual / Pw nom linearly interpolated Bytes 48 to 55 This byte shall specify a media identification in the form of eight 7-Bits coded ECMA-6 (IRV) characters. Byte 56 This byte shall specify the side A, B, in the form of one 7-Bit coded ECMA-6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A or B character. Byte 57 This byte shall specify the misalignment of Sector 0 of side B relative to Sector 0 of side A, expressed in number of segment units. Bytes 58 to 63 These bytes are not used and shall be set to (00). Bytes 64 to n These bytes shall specify bad Sector maps. Each defect range of these maps shall be specified by -

an error code of 1 byte set as defined by table 9,

a start track number of 3 bytes,

a number of bad tracks of the range of 2 bytes,

a start Sector number of 1 byte,

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a number of bad Sector of the range of 1 byte.

Bytes n to 2039 These bytes correspond to the remainder of the bad Sector maps area. These bytes shall all be set to (00). Bytes 2040 and 2041 These bytes shall specify the number of bad sectors listed in the map defined in bytes 64 to 2039. Bytes 2042 and 2043 These bytes are not used and shall be set to (00). Bytes 2044 and 2045 These bytes shall specify a check sum computed on bytes 0 to 2043.

- 71 -

Annex J ( nor mat ive )

SISIC (Selective Inter Symbol Interference Cancellation) data detection

The slice level detection method is used to make a preliminary data detection decision on all data samples, but the SISIC data detection scheme described herafter may overrule this decision. The slice level for each frame is determined by the reference byte pattern at the beginning of each data frame. Selective ISI Cancellation searches for the 2T marks and spaces in the digitized readout signal from encoded data. Those samples identified as 2T marks or spaces are then considered clear logical ONEs or logical ZEROs. Any channel bit value as defined by the slice level detection for those signal samples is then overruled. SISIC decides on the logical value for digitized sample N by comparing its value with samples N-2 and N+2, as specified hereafter. Waveform of figure J.1 shows a possible worst-case situation, because the 2T space (samples C and D) is preceded by a long mark and the 2T mark (E and F) is followed by a long space. It also shows a slice-level, which in this (realistic) case is not controlled at the optimal level for the 2T waveforms. In figure J.1, the samples C and D are recognized as a 2T space because the following SISIC conditions are all met: C is lower than A C is lower than E D is lower than B D is lower than F Likewise the samples E and F are recognized as a 2T mark because the following conditions are all met: E is greater than C E is greater than G F is greater than D F is greater than H So even though samples C and D are above the slice level, they are turned into logical ZEROs by the SISIC detection scheme. These “SISIC ZEROs” are shown as triangles, while the “SISIC ONEs" are shown as squares. All other samples are shown as dots. Samples A and B are considered logical ONEs because they are above the slice level. Samples G and H are considered logical ZEROs because they are below the slice level.

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A Waveform

B E C

D Slice level

G H

00-0040-A

Fig ure J .1 – Examp le o f readou t waveform a nd SIS IC detect ion

- 73 -

Annex K ( nor mat ive )

Requirements for interchange

K.1

Equipment for writing The disk under test shall have been written with arbitrary data by a disk drive for data interchange use in the operating environment.

K.2

Test equipment for reading

K.2.1 General The read test shall be performed on a test drive in the test environment. The rotational frequency and direction of rotation of the disk when reading shall be as defined in 9.5.

K.2.2 Read Channel K.2.2.1 Cha ra cterist ic s of the opt ica l beam The optical beam used for reading shall comply with the requirements of 9.2 a) to e). K.2.2.2 R ead po we r The read power shall comply with the requirements of 9.3. K.2.2.3 O pt ic s The optical head used for reading shall comply with the requirements of annex K. K.2.2.4 R ead a mplifier The read amplifier after the photo detector in Channel 1 shall have a flat response from d.c. to 30 MHz within 1 dB. K.2.2.5 Ana log to binary co nversion The signals from the read amplifier shall be converted from analog to binary. The converter shall work properly for signals from recorded marks with properties as defined in clause 20. K.2.2.6 Bina ry-to- d ig ita l conv e rsion The binary signal shall be converted to a digital signal according to the rules of the recording code.

K.2.3 Tracking The open-loop transfer function for the axial and radial tracking servo shall be 

sc   ( 2πf 0 )  2πf 0  H= cs 2  1 + s    2πf 0 c   2  1+

where s = i2πf, within an accuracy such that 1+H does not deviate by more than 20% from its nominal value in a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 10 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The open-loop 0 dB frequency f0 shall be 1 115 Hz for the axial servo and 1 700 Hz for the radial servo. The open-loop d.c. gain of the axial servo shall be at least 80 dB.

- 74 -

K.3

Requirements for the digital read signals A byte error is defined by a byte in which one or more bits have a wrong setting, as detected by the error detection and correction circuit.

K.3.1 Any sector accepted as valid during the writing process shall not contain byte errors after the error correction circuit.

K.3.2 Any sector not accepted as valid during the writing process shall have been rewritten according to the rules for defect management.

K.4

Requirements for the digital servo signals The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks voluntarily.

K.5

Requirement for interchange An interchanged optical disk cartridge meets the requirements for interchangeability if it meets the requirements of K.3 and K.4 when it is written on an interchange drive according to K.1 and read on a test drive according to K.2.

- 75 -

Annex L ( nor mat ive )

Shape and sequence of write pulses for testing Tp

0,5P Pw

0,9P

0,1P

00-0017-A

where: Pw : Write power, T f : Fall time, T r : Rise time, T p : Write pulse width

Fig ure L.1 – Shape of indiv idua l p ulses

Boost

Droops

T T/2

Cold Burn and Long Mark 00-0049-A

Fig ure L.2 – Pulses seq uen ce with in ma rk s, with boost s an d d roop s

- 76 -

- 77 -

Annex M ( in for mat iv e)

Office environment

M.1 Air cleanliness Due to their construction and mode of operation optical disk cartridges have considerable resistance to the effects of dust particles around and inside the disk drive. Consequently it is not generally necessary to take special precautions to maintain a sufficiently low concentration of dust particles. Operation in heavy concentrations of dust should be avoided e.g. in a machine shop or on a building site. Office environment implies an environment in which personnel may spend a full working day without protection and without suffering temporary or permanent discomfort.

M.2 Effects of operation In the office environment (as well as other environments) it is possible for an optical disk drive to degrade the quality of written marks if the read power is applied to a single track for a long period of time. This would happen if a media in a drive remains loaded, the drive remains in the ready status, and is in jump-back mode on one particular track. If this occurs at the maximum operating temperature (55 oC), the marks on the media may be degraded. The media manufacturer’s selection of the value for the maximum read powers allowed in the User Zone as well as the optical drive manufacturer’s read power management method should reflect this possibility and be designed to minimize any risk to data integrity.

- 78 -

- 79 -

Annex N ( in for mat iv e)

Derivation of the operating climatic environment

This annex gives some background on how some of the conditions of the operating environment in 8.1.2 have been derived.

N.1

Standard climatic environment classes The conditions of the ODC operating environment are, with a few exceptions mentioned below, based on parameter values of the IEC standard climatic environment class 3K3 described in IEC publication 721-3-3. This publication defines environmental classes for stationary use of equipment at weather-protected locations. The IEC class 3K3 refers to climatic conditions which "... may be found in normal living or working areas, e.g. living rooms, rooms for general use (theatres restaurants etc.), offices, shops, workshops for electronic assemblies and other electrotechnical products, telecommunication centres, storage rooms for valuable and sensitive products."

N.2

Overtemperature considerations While IEC class 3K3 defines the limits for the room climate only, the ODC operating environment specification in this ECMA Standard takes into consideration also system and drive overtemperature. This means that when inserted in a drive, the ODC will sense a temperature that is above the ambient room temperature. The figures in the operating environment specification have been calculated from the assumption that overtemperature may be up to 20°C.

N.3

Absolute humidity The introduction of the parameter absolute humidity

(unit: g water / m3 of air)

is very useful when studying overtemperature. When the temperature rises inside a drive, the relative humidity goes down but the absolute humidity remains substantially constant. So, making room for overtemperature in the operating environment specification affects not only the upper temperature limit but also the lower relative humidity limit. The relationship between these parameters is shown in the climatogram (the relative humidity vs. temperature map) of the ODC operating environment, figure N.1. The absolute humidity restrictions influence the operating environment in the following two ways: i. Combination of high temperatures and high relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations could have negative influence on the performance and the life of ODCs. ii. Combinations of low temperatures and low relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations are very unlikely to occur in worldwide normal office environments.

N.4

Deviations from the IEC standard environment class Apart from the change introduced by the overtemperature considerations above, there are a few more parameter values which are not based on IEC class 3K3. These are:

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− Atmospheric pressure The IEC 3K3 lower limit of 70 kPa has been extended to 60 kPa. ODCs according to this ECMA Standard show no intrinsic pressure sensitivity and 70 kPa excludes some possible markets for ODCs. − Absolute humidity The IEC 3K3 value for the upper limit of 25 g/m3 has been raised to 30 g/m3 in view of some expected operation in portable devices outside the controlled office environment. − Temperature The maximum temperature around the ODC, i.e. room temperature plus overtemperature, has been limited to 55 °C (while IEC 3K3 + 20 °C would have become 60 °C). For ODCs according to this ECMA Standard, however, the 55°C limit is considered to be a physical limit above which operation (as well as storage) is not safe. This means that equipment designers may want to ensure adequate cooling inside the drive especially when the room temperature approaches the upper IEC 3K3 limit of 40°C. − Further The rates of change (the gradients) of temperature and relative humidity are not according to IEC 3K3.

N.5

Wet bulb temperature specifications Instead of specifying limits for the absolute humidity, some of the earlier standards for ODCs as well as those for other digital data storage media often use restrictions of the parameter wet bulb temperature

(unit: °C)

in order to avoid too severe combinations of high temperatures and high relative humidities. In order to facilitate comparisons between different specifications, figure N.2 and table N.1 show wet bulb temperatures of interest for the ODC operating environment, as well as for the testing and storage environments. Since wet bulb temperatures vary slightly with the atmospheric pressure, the diagram is valid for the normal pressure of 101,3 kPa only.

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Fig ure N .1 - Climatog r am of IEC Class 3 K3 and the ODC operat ing environment

- 82 -

Fig ure N .2 - Wet bulb t emperat ures of the operat ing a nd storage env ironment s

The points A to I and area T are defined in table N.1.

- 83 -

T ab l e N.1 - Pos it i on of the ma in po int s of F igu re N.2 Air temperature

Relative humidity

°C

Wet bulb temperature °C

31,7

90,0

30,3

32,8

85,0

30,6

55,0

28,8

35,5

55,0

3,0

22,2

31,7

3,0

12,1

5,0

14,7

-1,4

-10,0

90,0

-10,3

5,0

85,0

3,9

46,8

-11,6

50,0% ± 5,0%

---

10,0

Test environment

23,0 C ± 2,0 C o

(T) Storage environment

is determined by A-B-C-D-E-F-G

Operating environment

is determined by B-C-D-E-F-H

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- 85 -

Annex P ( in for mat iv e)

Transportation

P.1

General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world it is not possible to specify conditions for transportation or for packaging.

P.2

Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in the absence of such agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take account of the following hazards.

P.2.1

Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

P.2.2

Impact loads and vibration Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the cartridge. Avoid dropping the cartridge. Cartridges should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock absorbent material. The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provide sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

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- 87 -

Annex Q ( in for mat iv e)

Track deviation measurement

The deviation of a track from its nominal location is measured in the same way as a drive sees a track, i.e. through a tracking servo. The strength of the Reference Servo used for the test is in general less that the strength of the same servo in a normal drive. The difference in strength is intended for margins in the drive. The deviation of the track is related to the tracking error between the track and the focus of the optical beam, remaining after the Reference Servo. The tracking error directly influences the performance of the drive, and is the best criterion for testing track deviations. The specification of the axial and radial deviations can be described in the same terms. Therefore, this annex applies to both axial and radial track deviations.

Q.1

Relation between requirements The acceleration required by the motor of the tracking servo to make the focus of the optical beam follow the tracks on the disk (see 11.4.6 and 11.4.8) is a measure for the allowed deviations of the tracks. An additional measure is the allowed tracking error between the focus and the track (see 19.2.4.3). The relation between both is given in figure Q.1 where the maximum allowed amplitude of a sinusoidal track deviation is given as a function of the frequency of the deviation. It is assumed in the figure that there is only one sinusoidal deviation present at a time.

log (x

max )

max

log(f )

94-0145-A

F ig ur e Q.1 - Maxim um allo wed am p litud e o f a s ing le s inu s oida l t ra ck dev ia t ion At low frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude xmax is given by x max = x max / (2πf) 2 , where xmax is the maximum acceleration of the servo motor. At high frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude xmax is given by

(1)

- 88 -

x max = e max

(2)

where emax is the maximum allowed tracking error. The connection between both frequency regions is given in Q.3.

Q.2

Reference Servo The above restrictions of the track deviations are equal to the restriction of the track deviations for a Reference Servo. A Reference Servo has a well-defined transfer function, and reduces a single, sinusoidal track deviation with amplitude xmax to a tracking error emax as in figure Q.1. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo shall be iωc 2 1+ ω ω0 1  H s (iω ) =  0  iω c  iω  1+ cω 0

(3)

where i = − 1 , ω = 2πf and ω0 = 2πf0 , with f0 the 0 dB frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The constant c gives the cross-over frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo: the lead break frequency f f 2 = 0 and the lag break frequency f2 = f0 × c. The reduction of a track deviation x to a tracking error e by c the Reference Servo is given by e x

(4)

1+H s

If the 0 dB frequency is specified as

ω0 =

a max c emax

(5)

then a low-frequency track deviation with an acceleration a max will be reduced to a tracking error emax , and a high frequency track deviation will not be reduced. The curve in figure Q.1 is given by xmax = emax 1+H s 

(6)

The maximum acceleration required from the motor of this Reference Servo is a max (motor) = emax ω2 1+H s  At low frequencies f <

(7)

f0 applies c

a max (motor) = a max (track) =

ω 02 emax c

(8)

Hence, it is permitted to use a max (motor) as specified for low frequencies in 11.4.6 and 11.4.8 for the calculation of ω 0 of a Reference Servo.

Q.3

Requirement for track deviations The track deviations shall be such that, when tracking with a Reference Servo on a disk rotating at the specified frequency, the tracking error shall not be larger than emax during more than 200 µs. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo for axial and radial tracking shall be given by equation (3) within an accuracy such that |1+H| does not differ by more than ± 20% from its nominal value in a

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ω0 shall be given by 2π equation (5), where a max and emax for axial and radial tracking are specified in 19.2.4.3, 11.4.6 and 11.4.8. bandwidth from 50 Hz to 170 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The 0 dB frequency

Q.4

Measurement implementation Three possible implementations for an axial or radial measurement system have been given below. H a is the open-loop transfer function of the actual tracking servo of the drive. H s is the transfer function for the Reference Servo as given in equation (3). x and y are the position of the track and the focus of the optical beam. es is the tracking error after a Reference Servo, the signal of which has to be checked according to the previous paragraph.

Position Sensor Filter

+ y

Servo

1 1 + Hs

94-0081-B

F ig ur e Q.2 - Imp l em en ta t ion o f a R ef er en ce S e rv o by f i lte r ing t h e track po s it io n s ig na l wit h th e r e duct ion c ha ract er ist ics of the Ref e r enc e Se rvo

Hs Ha

94-0082-B

F ig ur e Q.3 - Imp lem en tat ion of a Ref er en ce S e rvo by cha n ging th e t ra nsfe r fun ct ion of t he a ctua l s erv o

- 90 -

1+Ha 1+Hs Ha

es y

94-0083-B

F ig ur e Q.4 - Imp lem en tat ion of a Ref er en ce S e rvo by cha n ging th e t ra ck ing e rro r of th e a ctua l s erv o

The optimum implementation depends on the characteristics H a and H s. Good results for motors in leaf springs are often obtained by using separate circuits in a low and high frequency Channel. The implementation of figure Q.2 is used in the low-frequency Channel, while that of figures Q.3 or Q.4 is used in the highfrequency Channel. The signals from both channels are added with a reversed cross-over filter to get the required tracking error. In the low-frequency Channel one can also use the current through the motor as a measure of the acceleration of the motor, provided the latter is free from hysteresis. The current must be corrected for the transfer function of the motor and then be converted to a tracking error with a filter with a e e = transfer function 2 derived from equation (4). a xω

Free printed copies can be ordered from: ECMA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-1204 Geneva Switzerland Fax: Email:

+41 22 849.60.01 [email protected]

Files of this Standard can be freely downloaded from the ECMA web site (www.ecma.ch). This site gives full information on ECMA, ECMA activities, ECMA Standards and Technical Reports.

ECMA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-1204 Geneva Switzerland See inside cover page for obtaining further soft or hard copies.

ECMA-317 — Data interchange on 300 mm optical disk cartridges of Type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using irreversible effects - Capacity: 30 Gbytes per cartridg (December 2000)

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