Standard ECMA-240 J une 1 9 9 6
Standardizing
Information
and
Communication
Systems
Data Interchange on 120 mm Optical Disk Cartridges using Phase Change PD Format Capacity: 650 Mbytes per Cartridge
P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / www. e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h
Standard ECMA-240 J une 1 9 9 6
Standardizing
Information
and
Communication
Systems
Data Interchange on 120 mm Optical Disk Cartridges using Phase Change PD Format Capacity: 650 Mbytes per Cartridge
P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / www. e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h MB ECMA-240.DOC
10-07-96 08,41
Brief History
ECMA Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disk Cartridges (ODCs). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC23 toward the development of International Standards for 90 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm and 300 mm ODCs. Numerous ODC standards have been developed by ECMA TC31 and published as ECMA Standards, many of which have since been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast track procedure. In December 1995 a group of six companies proposed the establishment of a project within ECMA TC31 for the development of a standard for the 120 mm ODCs with a format commonly known as PD. This ODC has a large degree of commonality with CD-ROM so as to allow drive manufacturers to develop drives which can offer read compatibility with CD-ROM as defined in Standard ECMA-130. Receiving strong support for this effort from its members, ECMA TC31 began work to bring the specification into a form suitable for an ECMA Standard by reviewing the first draft at its December 1995 meeting in Nice, France. This ECMA Standard specifies two types of ODCs (Type R/W and Type WORM) both of which are intended for use in dualfunction optical disk drives with the capability to handle both the 120 mm ODCs and CD-ROM disks such as those conforming to the ECMA-130 (ISO/IEC 10149) standard.
Adopted as an ECMA Standard by the ECMA General Assembly of 20th June 1996.
i
Table of contents Page Section 1 - General
1
1 Scope
1
2 Conformance
1
2.1 Optical disk cartridge 2.2 Generating system 2.3 Receiving system 2.4 Compatibility statement
1 1 1 1
3 Reference
1
4 Definitions
2
4.1 addressable track 4.2 band 4.3 case 4.4 Channel bit 4.5 Clamping Zone 4.6 control track 4.7 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 4.8 defect management 4.9 disk reference plane 4.10 embossed mark 4.11 entrance surface 4.12 Error Correction Code (ECC) 4.13 field 4.14 format 4.15 interleaving 4.16 land and groove 4.17 mark 4.18 one-beam overwrite 4.19 optical disk 4.20 optical disk cartridge (ODC) 4.21 phase change (PC) 4.22 physical track 4.23 pitch 4.24 polarization 4.25 read power 4.26 recording layer 4.27 Reed-Solomon code 4.28 rewritable disk 4.29 sector 4.30 spindle 4.31 substrate 4.32 write once disk 4.33 ZCAV 4.34 zone
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
5 Conventions and notations
4
5.1 Representation of numbers
4
ii
5.2 Names
4
6 List of acronyms
4
7 General description of the optical disk cartridge
5
8 General requirements
5
8.1 Environments
5
8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation
5 5 5 6
8.2 Temperature shock 8.3 Safety requirements 8.4 Flammability
6 6 6
9 Reference Drive
6
9.1 Optical system 9.2 Optical beam 9.3 Read channel 9.4 Tracking 9.5 Rotation of the disk
6 7 7 8 8
Section 2 - Mechanical and physical characteristics
8
10 Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case
8
10.1 General description of the case 10.2 Reference planes of the case 10.3 Dimensions of the case
8 8 8
10.3.1 Overall dimensions 10.3.2 Location hole 10.3.3 Alignment hole 10.3.4 Reference surfaces 10.3.5 Detents 10.3.6 Write inhibit hole 10.3.7 Media sensor area 10.3.8 Spindle and head windows 10.3.9 Shutter and shutter opener 10.3.10 Mis-insertion protection 10.3.11 Gripper slots 10.3.12 Label area
8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14
10.4 Mechanical characteristics
15
10.4.1 Material 10.4.2 Mass 10.4.3 Edge distortion 10.4.4 Compliance 10.4.5 Shutter opening force
15 15 15 15 15
11 Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk
15
11.1 General description of the disk 11.2 Reference axis and plane of the disk 11.3 Dimensions of the disk
15 15 15
iii
11.3.1 Clamping Zone 11.3.2 Clamping force
15 16
11.4 Mechanical characteristics
16
11.4.1 Material 11.4.2 Mass 11.4.3 Moment of inertia 11.4.4 Imbalance 11.4.5 Axial deflection 11.4.6 Axial acceleration 11.4.7 Radial runout 11.4.8 Radial acceleration 11.4.9 Tilt
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17
11.5 Optical characteristics
17
11.5.1 Index of refraction 11.5.2 Thickness of the substrate 11.5.3 Birefringence 11.5.4 Reflectance
17 17 17 17
12 Interface between cartridge and drive
18
12.1 Capture cylinder 12.2 Disk position in operating condition
18 18
Section 3 - Format of information
33
13 Geometry of physical tracks
33
13.1 Physical track shape 13.2 Direction of rotation 13.3 Physical track pitch 13.4 Addressable track number
33 33 33 33
14 Format of the Information Zone
33
14.1 General description of the Information Zone 14.2 Division of the Information Zone
33 33
14.2.1 Initial Zone 14.2.2 Test Zones for drives and manufacturers 14.2.3 Test Zones for servo 14.2.4 Control Zone 14.2.5 Data Zone
34 34 35 35 35
15 Addressable track format
35
15.1 Addressable track layout 15.2 Clock frequencies and periods 15.3 Radial alignment 15.4 Sector number
35 35 36 36
16 Sector format
37
16.1 Sector layout 16.2 Sector Mark (SM) 16.3 VFO fields 16.4 Address Mark (AM) 16.5 ID fields 16.6 Postamble 1 (PA1)
37 37 38 38 38 38
iv
16.7 Offset Detection Field (ODF) 16.8 Gap 16.9 Sync 16.10 Data field
39 39 39 39
16.10.1 User data bytes 16.10.2 CRC and ECC bytes 16.10.3 Resync bytes 16.10.4 Postamble 2 (PA2)
39 39 39 39
16.11 Buffer field
39
17 Recording code
40
18 Format of the Data Zone
41
18.1 Buffer tracks in the Data Zone 18.2 Defect Management Areas (DMAs) 18.3 Disk Definition Structure (DDS) 18.4 Defect Management Sector (DMS) 18.5 Working Defect List (WDL) 18.6 Partitioning
45 45 45 46 47 47
19 Defect management
47
19.1 Initialization of the disk 19. 2 Certification
48 48
19. 2.1 Slipping Algorithm 19. 2.2 Linear Replacement Algorithm
48 48
19. 3 Disks not certified 19. 4 Write procedure
48 49
19.4.1 Rewritable disk 19.4.2 Write once disk
49 49
19.5 Primary Defect List (PDL) 19. 6 Secondary Defect List (SDL) and Working Defect List (WDL)
49 50
19.6.1 Rewritable disk 19.6.2 Write once disk
50 51
Section 4 - Characteristics of embossed information
53
20 Method of testing
53
20.1 Environment 20.2 Reference Drive
53 53
20.2.1 Optics and mechanics 20.2.2 Read power 20.2.3 Read channels 20.2.4 Tracking
53 53 54 54
20.3 Definition of signals
54
21 Signals from grooves
56
21.1 Push-pull signal 21.2 Divided push-pull signal 21.3 On-track signal 21.4 Phase depth 21.5 Track location
56 56 57 57 57
v
22 Signals from Headers
57
22.1 Sector Mark 22.2 VFO 1 and VFO 2 22.3 Address Mark, ID field and Postamble
57 57 57
23 Signals from embossed Recording fields
58
Section 5 - Characteristics of the recording layer
58
24 Method of testing
58
24.1 Environment 24.2 Reference Drive
58 58
24.2.1 Optics and mechanics 24.2.2 Read power 24.2.3 Read channel 24.2.4 Tracking
58 58 58 58
24.3 Write conditions
58
24.3.1 Write pulse 24.3.2 Write power and pulse width
59 59
24.4 Definition of signals
59
25 Write characteristics
59
25.1 Resolution and modulation depth 25.2 Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio 25.3 Cross-talk
59 59 60
26 Overwrite erasability
60
Section 6 - Characteristics of user data
61
27 Method of testing
61
27.1 Environment 27.2 Reference Drive
61 61
27.2.1 Optics and mechanics 27.2.2 Read power 27.2.3 Read amplifiers 27.2.4 Analog-to-binary converters 27.2.5 Error correction 27.2.6 Tracking
61 61 61 61 61 61
28 Minimum quality of a sector
61
28.1 Headers
62
28.1.1 Sector Mark 28.1.2 ID fields
62 62
28.2 User-written data 28.3 Embossed data
62 62
29 Data interchange requirements
62
29.1 Tracking 29.2 User-written data
62 62
vi
29.3 Quality of disk
62
Annex A
Edge distortion test
63
Annex B
Compliance test
65
Annex C
CRC for ID fields
67
Annex D
Format of the Data field of a sector
69
Annex E
Contents of the Control Zone
73
Annex F
Definition of the overwrite pulse
77
Annex G
Air cleanliness class 100 000
79
Annex H
Position of the cartridge relative to the reference planes
81
Annex J
Relaxation by zones of the requirements for signals
83
Annex K
Track deviation measurement
85
Annex L
Guidelines for sector replacement
89
Annex M
Derivation of the operating climatic environment
91
Annex N
Transportation
97
Annex P
Office environment
99
Annex Q
Measurement of birefringence
101
Section 1 - General 1
Scope This ECMA Standard specifies the characteristics of 120 mm Optical Disk Cartridges (ODCs) with a capacity of 650 Mbytes using Phase Change PD format. The present ECMA Standard specifies two related, but different implementations of such cartridges, viz. Type R/W
Provides for data to be written, read and overwritten many times over the whole recording surface of the disk using the phase change recording and read-out method .
Type WORM
Provides for data to be written once and read many times over the whole recording surface of the disk using the phase change recording and read-out method.
Type R/W and Type WORM are also referred to as “rewritable” and “write-once” respectively. This ECMA Standard specifies − the conditions for conformance testing and the Reference Drive; − the environments in which the cartridges are to be operated and stored; − the mechanical and physical characteristics of the cartridge, so as to provide mechanical interchangeability between data processing systems; − the format of the information on the disk known as the PD format; including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correction codes, and the modulation method used; − the characteristics of the embossed information on the disk; − the phase change recording characteristics of the disk, enabling data processing systems to write data onto the disk; − the minimum quality of user-written data on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read data from the disk. This ECMA Standard provides for interchange between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 2.1
Conformance Optical disk cartridge An optical disk cartridge shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements specified herein for its Type.
2.2
Generating system A generating system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if the ODC it generates is in accordance with 2.1.
2.3
Receiving system A receiving system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle an ODC according to 2.1.
2.4
Compatibility statement A claim of conformance by a generating or receiving system with this ECMA Standard shall include a statement listing any other ECMA or International Optical Disk Cartridge Standard(s) supported. This statement shall specify the number of the standard(s), including, where appropriate, the ODC type(s) and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.
3
Reference ECMA-129 (1994)
Information Technology Equipment - Safety
- 2 -
4
Definitions For the purpose of this ECMA Standard the following definitions apply.
4.1
addressable track A continuous group of 64 sectors in which each sector can be addressed in a linear manner beginning with sector number 0.
4.2
band A part of the Data Zone comprising a fixed number of consecutive physical tracks.
4.3
case The housing for an optical disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.
4.4
Channel bit The elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the disk by either a space or a mark. NOTE In this ECMA Standard each input bit is represented by two Channel bits. Their sequence depends on that of the input bits.
4.5
Clamping Zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.
4.6
control track A track containing the information on media parameters and format necessary for writing and reading the remaining tracks of the optical disk.
4.7
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) A method for detecting errors in data.
4.8
defect management A method for handling the defective areas on the disk.
4.9
disk reference plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.10
embossed mark A mark so formed as to be unalterable by optical means.
4.11
entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.
4.12
Error Correction Code (ECC) An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.
4.13
field A subdivision of a sector.
4.14
format The arrangement of information on the disk.
4.15
interleaving The process of allocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.
4.16
land and groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land with which it is paired to form a track.
- 3 -
4.17
mark A feature of the recording layer that may take the form of an amorphous spot, crystalline spot, a pit, or other form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks represents the data on the disk. NOTE Subdivisions of a sector that are named 'mark' are not marks in the sense of this definition.
4.18
one-beam overwrite A method in which the information is written using a laser beam by overwriting without a prior erasing.
4.19
optical disk A disk that will accept and retain information in the form of marks in a recording layer, that can be read with an optical beam.
4.20
optical disk cartridge (ODC) A device consisting of a case containing an optical disk.
4.21
phase change (PC) A physical effect in which the laser beam irradiated area of a recording film is heated so as to reversibly change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state, and vice versa.
4.22
physical track The path that is followed by the focus of the optical beam during one revolution of the disk.
4.23
pitch The distance between adjacent physical track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.
4.24
polarization The direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam. NOTE The plane of polarization is the plane containing the electric vector and the direction of propagation of the beam. The polarization is right-handed when to an observer looking in the direction of propagation of the beam, the endpoint of the electric vector would appear to describe an ellipse in the clockwise sense.
4.25
read power The optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, used when reading.
4.26
recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use.
4.27
Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code for the correction of errors that occur in bursts or are strongly correlated.
4.28
rewritable disk An optical disk in which the data in specified areas can be rewritten by an optical beam.
4.29
sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts of the zone.
4.30
spindle The part of the disk drive which contacts the disk.
4.31
substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.
- 4 -
4.32
write once disk An optical disk in which the data in specified areas is irreversibly written and read many times by an optical beam.
4.33
ZCAV A disk format requiring Zoned Constant Angular Velocity operations.
4.34
zone An annular area of the disk.
5 5.1
Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. It implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of +0,01, and a negative tolerance of -0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. − Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation. [ i.e. (F0) etc. ] − The setting of a bit is denoted by ZERO or ONE. − Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1. − Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are shown with the most significant bit to the left. − Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given in TWO's complement. − In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (byte 0) is recorded first. Within each byte the least significant bit is numbered 0 and is recorded last, the most significant bit (numbered 7 in an 8-bit byte) is recorded first. This order of recording applies also to the data input of the Error Detection and Correction circuits and to their output. − Unless otherwise stated, all track numbers refer to addressable tracks.
5.2
Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks,fields, etc., are given with a capital.
6
List of acronyms AM CRC DC DDS DMA DMS ECC ID LSB MSB ODC ODF PA PC PDL RLL(2,7) R/W SDL SM VFO WDL WORM
Address Mark Cyclic Redundancy Check Direct Current (d.c.) Disk Definition Structure Defect Management Area Defect Management Sector Error Correction Code Identifier Least Significant Byte Most Significant Byte Optical Disk Cartridge Offset DetectionField Postamble Phase Change Primary Defect List Run Length Limited (code) rewritable Secondary Defect List Sector Mark Variable Frequency Oscillator Working Defect List Write Once Read Many
- 5 -
ZCAV
7
Zoned Constant Angular Velocity
General description of the optical disk cartridge The optical disk cartridge that is the subject of this ECMA Standard consists of a case containing an optical disk. The case is a protective enclosure for the disk. It has access windows covered by a shutter. The windows are automatically uncovered by the drive when the cartridge is inserted into it. The optical disk is recordable on one side. In the rewritable disk, data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of amorphous spots in the crystalline recording layer and can be overwritten on it with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect between amorphous and crystalline states. In the write once disk, data can be irreversibly written onto the disk as marks in the form of crystalline spots in the amorphous recording layer, using phase change effect. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using phase change effect as the reflective difference between amorphous and crystalline states. The beam accesses the recording layer through the transparent substrate of the disk. Part of the disk contains read-only data for the drive in the form of pits embossed by the manufacturer. This data can be read using the diffraction of the optical beam by the embossed pits.
8
General requirements
8.1 8.1.1
Environments Test environment The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature relative humidity atmospheric pressure air cleanliness
: 23 °C ± 2 °C : 45 % to 55 % : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : Class 100 000 (see annex G)
No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. Before testing, the optical disk cartridge shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2
Operating environment This ECMA Standard requires that an optical disk cartridge which meets all requirements of this ECMA Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient air cleanliness
: 5 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 85 % : 1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 10 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max. : Office environment (see annex P)
No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. If an optical disk cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 h before use. (See also annex M.) 8.1.3
Storage environment The optical disk cartridge without any protective enclosure shall not be stored in an environment outside the range allowed for storage. The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties:
- 6 -
temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient air cleanliness
: -10 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 90 % : 1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 15 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max. : Office environment (see annex P)
No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. 8.1.4
Transportation This ECMA Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex N.
8.2
Temperature shock The optical disk cartridge shall withstand a temperature shock of up to 20°C when inserted into, or removed from, the drive.
8.3
Safety requirements The cartridge shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-129, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.
8.4
Flammability The cartridge and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-129.
9
Reference Drive The Reference Drive is a drive of which several critical components have well defined properties and which is used to test write, read and overwrite parameters of the disk for conformance to this ECMA Standard. The critical components vary from test to test. This clause gives an outline of all components; components critical for tests in specific clauses only are specified in these clauses.
9.1
Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the overwrite and read parameters are shown in figure 1. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in figure 1. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.
- 7 -
H1
Read Channel
+ + I1
I2 − +
G
H2
Tracking
F A
B
C
A B C D E
Laser diode Collimator lens Polarizing beam splitter Quarter-wave plate Objective lens
D
F G H1,H2 I1,I2
E
Optical disk Split photodiode d.c.-coupled amplifier Output from split photodiode
Figure 1 - Optical system of the Reference Drive The combination of polarizing beam splitter C and a quarter-wave plate D shall separate the entrance optical beam from a laser diode A and the reflected optical beam from an optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100.
9.2
Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties: + 20 nm
a) Wavelength (λ)
780 nm
b) Wavelength (λ) divided by the numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA)
λ/ NA = 1,565 µm ± 0,030 µm
c) Filling D/W of the aperture of the objective lens
radial tangential
d) Variance of the wavefront of the objective lens near the recording layer after passing through an ideal substrate e) Polarization
0 to λ2 / 180
Circular
f) Read power g) Write power and pulse width
see 20.2.2, 24.2.2 and 27.2.2 see 24.3.2
- 10 nm
0,75 < D/W < 1,20 D/W < 0,65
D is the diameter of the lens aperture and W is the beam diameter of the Gaussian beam where the intensity is 1/e2 of the maximum intensity.
9.3
Read channel One Read channel shall be provided to generate signals from the marks in the recording layer. This Read channel shall be used for reading the embossed marks, using the diffraction of the optical beam by the marks, and be used for reading the user-written marks, using the change of reflected intensity of the optical beam due to the phase change effect of the marks. The read amplifiers after the photo-detectors in the Read channel shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 17,7 MHz.
- 8 -
9.4
Tracking The Tracking channel of the drive provides the tracking error signals to control the servos for the axial and radial tracking of the optical beam. The method of generating the axial tracking error is not specified for the Reference Drive. The radial tracking error is generated by a split photodiode detector in the tracking channel. The division of the diode runs parallel to the image of the physical tracks on the diode. The requirements for the accuracy with which the focus of the optical beam must follow the tracks is specified in 20.2.4.
9.5
Rotation of the disk The spindle shall position the disk as specified in 12.2. It shall rotate the disk at 33,8 Hz ± 0,3 Hz. The direction of rotation shall be counter-clockwise when viewed from the objective lens.
Section 2 - Mechanical and physical characteristics 10
Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case
10.1
General description of the case (see figure 2a and 2b) The case is a rigid protective container of rectangular shape. It has a spindle window on Side A to allow the spindle of the drive to clamp the disk. Both Side A and Side B of the case have a head window, the one on Side A for the optical head of the drive, the other one on Side B for the clamping means. A shutter uncovers the windows upon insertion into the drive, and automatically covers them upon removal from the drive. The case has features that enable a drive to reject a mis-inserted cartridge, to inhibit writing, gripper slots for an autochanger, and detents for autoloading, and for vertical use of the cartridge.
10.2
Reference planes of the case The dimensions of the case shall be referred to three orthogonal reference planes X, Y and Z. The four reference surfaces S1 to S4 on Side A of the case shall lie in plane Z when measuring those dimensions of the case in 10.3 which are referenced to this plane. The intersection of the three planes defines the centre of the location hole. The centre of the alignment hole shall lie at the intersection of the X and Z planes (see annex H). A dimension of a feature referenced to one of the planes is the shortest distance from the feature to the plane.
10.3
Dimensions of the case The dimensions of the case shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the case in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause.
10.3.1
Overall dimensions (see figure 3) The total length of the case shall be L1 = 135,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The distance from the top of the case to reference plane X shall be L2 = 113,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The distance from the bottom of the case to reference plane X shall be L3 = 22,0 mm ± 0,1 mm The total width of the case shall be + 0,0 mm
L4 =124,0 mm − 0,3 mm The distance from the left hand side of the case to reference plane Y shall be + 0,0 mm
L5 = 113,0 mm − 0,2 mm The distance from the right hand side of the case to reference plane Y shall be
- 9 -
+ 0,0 mm
L6 = 11,0 mm − 0,1 mm A corner at the top shall be rounded with a radius R1 = 2,0 mm ± 0,2 mm and the two corners at the bottom with a radius R2 = 2,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from the left-hand and right-hand edges of the case, the thickness of the case shall be + 0,2 mm
L7 = 7,8 mm − 0,1 mm The eight long edges of the case shall be rounded with a radius R3 = 0,5 mm ± 0,1 mm 10.3.2
Location hole (see figure 3) The centre of the location hole shall coincide with the intersection of the X,Y and Z plane. The diameter of the hole shall be + 0,05 mm
D1 = 4,00 mm
− 0,00 mm
held to a depth L8 = 1,5 mm min The location hole shall extend below plane Z by L9 = 5,0 mm min. with a diameter equal to, or greater than, D1. The location hole shall not extend through Side B. The lead-in edges shall be chamfered and rounded off with a chamfer C1 and a radius R4 for the inner edge. C1 = 0,5 mm ± 0,1 mm + 0,1 mm
R4 = 0,2 mm
− 0,0 mm
10.3.3
Alignment hole (see figure 3) The centre of the alignment hole shall lie at the intersection of planes X and Z at a distance L10 = 102,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from reference plane Y. The alignment hole shall have a substantially rectangular shape. Its dimensions shall be + 0,05 mm
L11 = 4,00 mm − 0,00 mm + 0,2 mm
L12 = 5,6 mm − 0,0 mm held to a depth L8. The alignment hole shall extend below plane Z by L9. The alignment hole shall not extend through Side B.
- 10 -
The lead-in edges shall be chamfered and rounded with a chamfer C1 and radius R4. 10.3.4
Reference surfaces (see figure 4) Side A of the case shall contain four reference surfaces S1, S2, S3, and S4. Surface S1 shall be circular with a diameter D2 = 7,0 mm min. and S2 shall be oval-shaped having centres at the points specified by L13 with dimensions R5 = 3,5 mm min. L13 = 1,6 mm min. L14 = 7,0 mm min. S1 shall be centred on the location hole, and S2 shall be centred on the alignment hole. Surfaces S3 and S4 shall be rectangular and shall be surrounded by the boundaries located at distances L15, L16, L17 and L18 from plane Y L15 = 10,3 mm min. L16 = 5,0 mm max. L17 = 112,2 mm min. L18 =107,5 mm max. and shall be surrounded by the boundaries located at distances L19 and L20 from plane X. L19 =105,0 mm min. L20 =101,3 mm max. No portion of the case or of the shutter mechanism shall protrude more than L21 = 0,15 mm max. beyond the reference plane Z and the surface of the other side of the case.
10.3.5
Detents (see figure 5) The case shall have two symmetrical side detents and two symmetrical bottom detents. The two symmetrical side detents are intended for autoloading. Each side detent shall extend from plane Z up to + 0,20 mm
L22 = 6,90 mm − 0,05 mm and shall not extend through Side B. Each side detent is defined and positioned by the dimensions R6 = 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L23 = 100,5 mm ± 0,3 mm L24 = 98,1 mm ± 0,4 mm L25 = 92,9 mm ± 0,4 mm L26 = 3,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The outside edges of the side detents toward the top side of the cartridge shall be rounded off by a radius R7 = 0,5 mm ± 0,2 mm The two symmetrical bottom detents are intended for clamping the cartridge in case of vertical use. The cartridge can be clamped by the bottom detents and prevented from falling during vertical loading or unloading. Each bottom detent is defined by the dimensions
- 11 -
L27 = 3,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L28 = 3,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L29 = 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm with their centres located at distances L30 and L31 from plane Y and at a distance L32 from plane Z. L30 = 108,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L31 = 6,0 mm ± 0,1 mm 10.3.6
L32 = 3,9 mm ± 0,1 mm Write inhibit hole (see figure 6) The case shall have a Write inhibit hole W in Side A. The diameter of the Write inhibit hole shall be D3 = 3,0 mm min. Its centre line shall be in the reference plane Z, and parallel to the reference plane X at a distance L33 = 18,5 mm ± 0,1 mm and at a distance L34 = 9,0 mm ± 0,1 mm from plane Y. When writing of the disk is not allowed, the Write inhibit hole W shall be extended from side A to side B. The cartridge shall have a device capable of closing the Write inhibit hole. When writing of the disk is allowed, the device is moved to close the Write inhibit hole W at the position L34. The Write inhibit hole W shall indicate whether or not writing on the disk is permitted as specified in table 1. Table 1 - Use of the Write inhibit hole W
Writing
Open
Inhibited
Closed
Permitted
The recess of the device surface shall be L35 = 0,05 mm max. from plane Z. The device surface shall not protrude from plane Z. 10.3.7
Media sensor area (see figure 6) The case shall have a reserved media sensor area A1 with a diameter D4 = 3,0 mm min. The centre of the area shall be at a distance L36 = 14,5 mm ± 0,1 mm from the reference plane Y, and at a distance L33 from the reference plane X. The reserved media sensor area shall be closed according to this ECMA Standard. The recess of the reserved area shall not be more than L35 = 0,05 mm max. The reserved media sensor area shall not protrude from plane Z. The reserved media sensor area shall be reserved for future use.
- 12 -
10.3.8
Spindle and head windows (see figure 7a and 7b) Side A of the case shall have a window to enable the spindle and the optical head of the drive to access the disk. The dimensions of the window are referenced to a centreline, located at a distance L37 = 51,0 mm ± 0,1 mm from plane Y. The width of the window shall be given by + 0,1 mm
L38 = 16,5 mm − 0,0 mm and + 0,1 mm
L39 = 16,5 mm − 0,0 mm The top of the window shall be given by radius R8 = 64,0 mm ± 0,4 mm originating from L37 and L40 = 40,0 mm ± 0,1 mm The bottom of the window shall be the arc of the semi-circle which joins the sides of the window. The centre of the semi-circle shall be defined by L37 and L40 and the radius shall be defined by R9. +0,1 mm
R9 = 18,0 mm
−0,0 mm
The diameter of the semi-circle opening is set larger than the width of the window for the purpose to secure the clamping zone. Side B of the case shall have a window that enables clamping of the disk. The dimensions of the window are referenced to a centreline, located at a distance L37 from plane Y. The width of the window shall be given by L38 and L39. The top and bottom of the window shall be the arc and semi-circle with radii R8 and R9. The area bounded by R8 and top of the case on side A shall be recessed from plane Z by + 0,10 mm
L 41 = 2,90 mm
− 0,05 mm
over the width of the window. The area bounded by R8 and the top of the case shall be, over the window, at a distance + 0,10 mm
L 42 = 5,70 mm
− 0,15 mm
10.3.9
Shutter and shutter opener (see figures 7a, 7b, 8 and 9) The case shall have a spring-loaded shutter designed to completely cover the spindle and head windows when closed. When open, the shutter shall expose the windows up to at least the minimum size allowed by the following dimensions, given in 10.3.8: on Side A: from the semi-circle at the bottom of the window up to the top of the case, and from L38 to L39; on Side B: from the semi-circle at the bottom of the window up to the top of the case, and from L38 to L39; on the top: from plane Z to L41, from L38 to L39, from L42 up to Side B, and from L38 to L39. The profile on the top of the case provides a path over which the shutter opener of the drive can travel. The shutter of the cartridge shall have a slot with an edge, against which the shutter opener of the drive can push to open the shutter.
- 13 -
The path shall run from L43 = 31,5 mm ± 0,3 mm to the position of just open + 0,3 mm
L44 = 67,8 mm − 0,0 mm at a distance L45 which is from plane X to the bottom of the slot for shutter opener. L45 = 109,9 mm ± 0,3 mm The lead-in edge of the slot for shutter opener shall have a ramp with an angle A1 = 45º ± 5º The bottom of the slot for shutter opener shall have a width + 0,2 mm
L46 = 3,5 mm − 0,1 mm A movement of the edge to + 0,3 mm
L47 = 75,3 mm − 0,0 mm shall be sufficient to open the windows to the minimum size specified in 10.3.8 without exceeding the shutter opening force as specified in 10.4.5, while leaving the minimum size window open. It shall be possible to move the edge to
10.3.10
L48 = 76,0 mm max. Mis-insertion protection (see figure 10) The case shall have two features to prevent the case from being inserted in the drive upside-down. The first feature consists in mis-insertion protection notches which block the loading of a case if it is inserted upside-down. It shall have the dimensions L 49 = 8,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L 50 = 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm + 0,1 mm
L 51 = 110,0 mm
− 0,3 mm
+ 0,1 mm
L 52 = 8,0 mm
− 0,3 mm
The depth of the mis-insertion protection notches shall be L53 and shall not be extended to side B. L 53 = 5,9 mm ± 0,1 mm The corners of mis-insertion protection notches are rounded by R10 = 0,3 mm ± 0,1 mm R11 = 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The second feature is a chamfer and a case corner. The profile on the top of the case shall have a feature to prevent the case from being inserted in the drive upside-down.
- 14 -
If the case is correctly loaded, the chamfer pushes aside a possible pawl in the drive. If the case is inserted upside-down, the case corner pushes against the pawl and the case is prevented from further insertion of the case. The chamfer shall have an angle A2 = 45° ± 2° and a height +0,3 mm
L54= 3,7 mm
− 0,1 mm
10.3.11
Gripper slots (see figure 11) The case shall have two symmetrical gripper slots. The slots shall have a depth of + 0,3 mm
L55 = 6,0 mm − 0,0 mm from the edge of the case and a width of + 0,3 mm
L56 = 6,0 mm − 0,0 mm The upper edge of a slot shall be + 0,0 mm
L57 = 5,0 mm − 0,3 mm below reference plane X. The corners of the gripper slots shall be rounded off by radii R12 = 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.3.12
Label area (see figure 12) The case shall have two label areas located on Side B and the bottom, with dimensions SideB: L58 = 5,3 mm ± 0,2 mm L59 = 29,2mm ± 0,2 mm L60 = 44,0 mm ± 0,2mm L61= 89,0 mm ± 0,2 mm The four corners of the area shall be rounded with a radius R13 = 1,5 mm max. When there is no label, the area shall be recessed by L62 = 0,3 mm min. Bottom: L63 = 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L64 = 103,0 mm ± 0,3 mm L65 = 6,0 mm ± 0,2 mm with centre line located at a distance L66 from plane Z. L66 = 3,9 mm ± 0,2 mm The four corners of the area shall be rounded with a radius R14 = 1,0 mm max. When there is no label, the area shall be recessed by L67 = 0,3 mm min.
- 15 -
10.4
Mechanical characteristics The requirements of 10.4.1 to10.4.4 shall all be met in the operating environment.
10.4.1
Material The case shall be constructed from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this ECMA Standard.
10.4.2
Mass The mass of the case without the optical disk shall not exceed 75 g.
10.4.3
Edge distortion The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the edge distortion test defined in annex A.
10.4.4
Compliance The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the compliance (flexibility) test defined in annex B. The requirement ensures that a cartridge can be constrained in the proper plane of operation within the drive.
10.4.5
Shutter opening force The spring force on the shutter shall be such that the force required to fully open the shutter does not exceed 1,6 N. It shall be sufficiently strong to close a free-sliding shutter, irrespective of the orientation of the case.
11
Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk
11.1
General description of the disk The disk shall consist of a circular substrate with a recording layer coated on one side. The recording layer can be protected from environmental influences by a protective layer. The Information Zone of the substrate is transparent so as to allow an optical beam to focus on the recording layer through the substrate. The disk has a centre hole which provides the radial centring of the disk .
11.2
Reference axis and plane of the disk (see figure 13) The disk reference plane P is defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation of this spindle which passes through the centre of the centre hole of the disk, and is normal to plane P.
11.3
Dimensions of the disk (see figure 13) The dimensions of the disk shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the disk in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified below. The outer diameter of the disk shall be + 0,2 mm
D5 = 120,0 mm
− 0,2 mm
Excluding axial deflection (see 11.4.5), the total thickness of the disk shall not exceed 1,4 mm with the exception of the annular region between concentric circles of diameter 40,0 mm and 42,5 mm. Within this annular region of the disk, a projection of not more than 0,24 mm in height below the reference plane of the disk is permitted. The diameter of the centre hole of the disk shall be + 0,1 mm
D6 = 15,0 mm 11.3.1
− 0,0 mm
Clamping Zone (see figure 13 ) The outer diameter of the Clamping Zone shall be D7 = 33,0 mm min. The inner diameter of the Clamping Zone shall be D8 = 26,0 mm max. The lead-in edge of the centre hole shall have a chamfer C2 of 45° by 0,1 mm max. or shall be rounded off by a radius
- 16 -
R15 = 0,1 mm max. Burrs opposite the entrance surface of the centre hole are permitted. The height of such burrs shall be less than 0,2 mm. 11.3.2
Clamping force The clamping force on the Clamping Zone of a disk shall not exceed 10 N.
11.4
Mechanical characteristics The requirements of 11.4.1 to 11.4.4 shall all be met in the operating environment.
11.4.1
Material The disk shall be made from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this ECMA Standard. The only material properties specified by this ECMA Standard are the optical properties of the substrate in the Information Zone (see 11.5).
11.4.2
Mass The mass of the disk shall not exceed 20,0 g.
11.4.3
Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,040 g•m2.
11.4.4
Imbalance The imbalance of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,006 g•m.
11.4.5
Axial deflection The axial deflection of the disk is measured as the axial deviation of the recording layer. Thus, it comprises the tolerances on the thickness of the substrate, on its index of refraction and the deviation of the entrance surface from plane P. The nominal position of the recording layer with respect to reference plane P is determined by the nominal thickness of the substrate. The deflection of any point of the recording layer in the Information Zone from its nominal position, in a direction normal to plane P, shall not exceed 0,35 mm for rotational frequencies of the disk up to 33,8 Hz.
11.4.6
Axial acceleration The maximum allowed axial error emax (see annex K) shall not exceed ± 1,0 µm, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking of the recording layer. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be 33,8 Hz ± 0,3 Hz. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function
3iω 2 1 ω 0 1 + ω 0 H s (iω ) = × × iω 3 iω 1+ 3ω 0 where
ω = 2πƒ ω0/ 2π = 1 085 Hz i = −1 or any other servo with |1+H| within 20% of |1+Hs| in the bandwidth of 33,8 Hz to 100 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an axial acceleration of more than 15,5 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4.7
Radial runout The radial runout of the tracks in the recording layer in the Information Zone is measured as seen by the optical head of the Reference Drive. Thus, it includes the distance between the axis of rotation of the spindle and reference axis A, the tolerances on the dimensions between axis A and the location of the track, and effects of non-uniformities in the index of refraction.
- 17 -
The runout, defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum distance of the centre of any track from the axis of rotation, measured along a fixed radial line over one revolution of the disk, shall not exceed 70 µm at a rotational frequency of the disk of 33,8 Hz ± 0,3 Hz. 11.4.8
Radial acceleration The maximum allowed tracking error emax (see annex K) shall not exceed ± 0,15 µm, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking of the tracks. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be 33,8 Hz ± 0,3 Hz. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function
3iω 1 ω 0 ω0 H s (iω ) = × × iω 3 iω 1+ 3ω 0 2
1+
where ω = 2πƒ ω0/ 2π = 1 425 Hz i = −1 or any other servo with |1+H| within 20% of |1+Hs| in the bandwidth of 33,8 Hz to 100 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require a radial acceleration of more than 4 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. 11.4.9
Tilt The tilt is the angle which the normal to the entrance surface, averaged over an area of 1 mm in diameter, makes with the normal to plane P. It shall not exceed 7 mrad in the Information Zone.
11.5 11.5.1
Optical characteristics Index of refraction The index of refraction of the substrate in the Information Zone shall be within the range from 1,46 to 1,60.
11.5.2
Thickness of the substrate The thickness of the substrate, from the entrance surface to the recording layer, in the Information Zone shall be
t (n) = 0,509 ×
n3 n 2 + 0,265 × mm n 2 − 1 n 2 + 0,593
with a tolerance of ± 0,05 mm where n is the index of refraction. 11.5.3
Birefringence The effect of the birefringence of the substrate is included in the measurement of the imbalance of the signals in Channels 1 and 2 of the set-up for measurement in annex Q. The imbalance can be measured by the optical beam on a double passage through a substrate when measured as described in annex Q. It shall not exceed 0,10 in the Data zone 0,15 in the Lead-In and Lead-Out Zones.
11.5.4
Reflectance The double-pass optical transmission of the substrate and the reflectance of the recording layer are measured together as the reflectance R of the disk. The value of R shall lie within the range from 0,19 to 0,38 for Type R/W disks. The value of R shall lie within the range from 0,24 to 0,48 for Type WORM disks. The actual value Rm shall be measured with the focused beam and wavelength of the Reference Drive. It shall be measured in unrecorded, ungrooved areas, e.g. the ODF of a sector (see 16.7). The value Rm shall equal R(1± 0,12).
- 18 -
12 12.1
Interface between cartridge and drive Capture cylinder (see figure 14) The capture cylinder is defined as the volume in which the spindle can expect the centre of the hole in the disk to be, just prior to capture, and with the cartridge constrained as in 10.4.4. The size of the cylinder defines the permissible play of the disk inside its cavity in the case. The cylinder is referred to perfectly located and perfectly sized alignment and location pins in the drive; it includes the tolerances of those dimensions of the case and the disk which are between the two pins mentioned and the centre of the disk. The bottom of the cylinder is parallel to plane Z, and shall be located a distance L68 = 2,25 mm min. above plane Z. The top of the cylinder is located a distance L69 = 4,7 mm max. above plane Z. The diameter of the cylinder shall be D9 = 2,1 mm max. and its centre shall be given by the nominal values of L37 and L40 in the drive.
12.2
Disk position in operating condition (see figure 15) When the disk is in the operating condition within the drive, the position of plane P of the disk shall be L70 = 3,3 mm ± 0,1 mm above plane Z of the case, and the axis of rotation shall be within a circle with a diameter D10 = 0,2 mm max. and a centre given by the nominal values of L37 and L40.
- 19 -
Reference Surface S4 (figure 4) AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA
Side Detent for autoloading (figure 5)
Reference Surface S3 (figure 4) AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA
Reference Surface S2 (figure 4) AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA
Alignment hole (figure 3) Reference Surface S1 (figure 4) Bottom detent (figure 5) AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AA
Spindle and head windows (figure 7)
Gripper slot (figure 11)
Bottom Label area (figure 12) Location hole (figure 3)
Figure 2a - General view of the case side A Mis-insertion protection chamfer (figure 10) Slot for shutter opener (figure 9) Path for shutter opener (figure 9)
Label area (figure 12)
Shutter (figure 8)
Mis-insertion protection notch (figure 10)
Write inhibit hole (figure 6)
Figure 2b - General view of the case side B
- 20 -
-Y-
L2
L12
L11
L1
R1
L3
-X-
A
A
L10 L5 L4
R2
D1
L6
R3 L7
-Z-
L9
R4
L8
L9
R4
-ZL8
-Z-
C1 Section A-A (Larger scale) Figure 3 - Overall dimensions, viewed on side A
C1
- 21 -
L17
L15
L18
L16
L20
S3
L14
R5
-XS2
S1
D2
R5 L9
-YL21
L13
-Z-
L21
L7
L19
S4
Figure 4 - Reference surface on side A
- 22 -
L26
L22
-Y-
L23
L24 L25
A
-X-
-Z-
L30
-YL31 -Z-
L28
B
L27
L27
L26
L32 L28
B
L29 R6
L25
L24
L23
R7
Detail A (Larger scale) Figure 5 - Detents on side A and bottom
Section B-B (Larger scale)
- 23 -
L33
-X-
D4
A1 D3
W
C
C
L34 L36 -Y-
L35
L35
(Larger scale)
-Z-
-Z-
A1 W Section C-C Writing inhibited (Larger scale)
A1 W Section C-C Writing permitted (Larger scale)
Figure 6 - Write inhibit hole W, Media sensor area A1 seen on side A and in cross section
- 24 -
L37 L39
L38
R8
L40
R9
-X-
-Y-
Figure 7a - Spindle and head windows on side A
L37
L38
L41
L42
-Z-
L39
R9
L40
R8
-X-
-YFigure 7b - Spindle and head windows on side B
- 25 -
-YL47 L44 L43
L46 B
L45
A1
-X-
Detail B
L46
(Larger scale) Figure 8 - Shutter and shutter opener seen from side A (Shutter in just open position)
- 26 -
-YL48
Figure 9 - Shutter and shutter opener seen from side A (Shutter in maximum open position)
L54
- 27 -
-Y-
L49 L50
L2
A2
C
-X-
L53
L51 L52
L7 -Z-
L50
Detail C
R10 R11
-X(Larger scale) Figure 10 - Mis-insertion protection, seen from side A
- 28 -
L57
L56
-Y-
-XD
-ZDetail D
R 12 L56
R12 R12
R12 L55 (Larger scale)
Figure 11 - Gripper slots of side A
- 29 -
L59 L58
D
D
L61 L60 R13
-X-
R14
-YE
E
L65
L64
L63 -Y-
L67 L62 Section D-D
Section E-E (Larger scale)
Figure 12 - Label area
L66
-Z-
- 30 -
D7 D8 Clamping Zone
D6 Information side
E
AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA
AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAA A AAAA
-P-
C2 or R15
D5 -A-
Detail E
C2 or R15 Edge of the centre hole (Larger scale)
Figure 13 - Dimensions of the disk, Clamping Zone and edge shape of the centre hole
- 31 -
L37
L40
D9
-X-
-Y-
-Y-
Figure 14 - Capture cylinder
L69
L68
-Z-
- 32 -
L37
L40
D10
-X-
-Y-
-P-
L70
-Z-
Figure 15 - Disk position in the operating condition
- 33 -
Section 3 - Format of information 13 13.1
Geometry of physical tracks Physical track shape The Information Zone shall contain tracks intended for the Continuous Composite Servo tracking method. A physical track defined in 14.2.5 consists of a land-groove-land combination, where each land is shared with a neighbouring physical track. A groove is a trench-like feature, the bottom of which is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The centre of the physical track, i.e. where the recording is made, is the centre of the groove. The grooves shall be continuous, except for Header fields and ODFs defined in 16.5 and 16.7. The shape of the groove is determined by the requirements in clause 21. Each physical track shall form a 360° turn of a continuous spiral.
13.2
Direction of rotation The disk shall rotate counter-clockwise as viewed from the optical head. The track shall spiral inward from the outer diameter to the inner diameter.
13.3
Physical track pitch The physical track pitch is the distance between adjacent physical track centrelines, measured in a radial direction. It shall be 1,20 µm ± 0,08 µm except in a Control Zone and the transition zone between the Control Zone and Inner Test Zone for drives defined in 14.2.4. The physical track pitch in the Control Zone shall be 1,60 µm ± 0,10 µm. The width of a band of 27 200 physical tracks shall be 32,64 mm ± 0,10 mm.
13.4
Addressable track number Each addressable track shall be identified by a track number. Track 0 shall be the first addressable track of the Data Zone. It shall be located at a radius of 57,64 mm ± 0,10 mm. The track numbers of addressable tracks located at radii smaller than that of track 0 shall be increased by 1 for each addressable track. The track numbers of addressable tracks located at radii larger than that of track 0 shall be negative, and decrease by 1 for each addressable track. Their value is given in the ID field in TWO's complement, thus track −1 is indicated by (FFFF).
14 14.1
Format of the Information Zone General description of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall contain all information on the disk relevant for data interchange. The information comprises embossed tracking provisions, embossed headers, embossed data and, where applicable, user-written data. In this clause, the term 'data' is reserved for the content of the data field of a sector, which, in general, is transferred to the host. This clause defines the layout of the information; the characteristics of signals obtained from this information are specified in section 4.
14.2
Division of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall be divided in three parts: a Lead-in Zone, a Data Zone and a Lead-out Zone. The Data Zone is intended for the recording of user data. The Lead-in and Lead-out Zones contain control information for the drive and zones for performing tests by the disk manufacturer or drive. The division of the Information Zone shall be as given in table 2. The radii of a zone in the table are the nominal values of the radius of the centre of the first addressable track and of the radius of the centre of the last addressable track of the zone. The tolerance on the outer radius of the Data Zone is specified in 13.4; the tolerance on other radii is determined by the tolerance on the track pitch as specified in 13.3.
- 34 -
Table 2 - Layout of the Information Zone Nominal radius (start to end) (mm) Lead-in Zone Initial Zone Outer Test Zone for drives for manufacturers for servo Blank track 3T track Blank track 8T track Blank track Data Zone Band 0 Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 Band 4 Band 5 Band 6 Band 7 Band 8 Band 9 Lead-out Zone Inner Test Zone for servo Blank Track 3T Track Blank Track 8T Track Blank Track for manufacturers for drives Control Zone 14.2.1
Number of Number of physical sectors per tracks physical and sectors track
Number of addressable tracks
Number of sectors per addressable track
Addressable track number (decimal value)
58,64 to 57,87
640
66
660
64
- 858 to -199
57,87 to 57,79 57,79 to 57,72 57,72 to 57,64
64 64 64 6 + 52s 9 + 46s 5 + 54s 9 + 46s 32
66 66 66
66 66 66 7 10 6 10 33
64 64 64
- 198 to -133 - 132 to - 67 - 66 to - 1 - 66 to - 60 - 59 to - 50 - 49 to - 44 - 43 to - 34 - 33 to -1
57,64 to 54,38 54,38 to 51,11 51,11 to 47,85 47,85 to 44,58 44,58 to 41,32 41,32 to 38,06 38,06 to 34,79 34,79 to 31,53 31,53 to 28,26 28,26 to 25,00
2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720 2 720
66 62 58 54 50 46 42 38 34 30
2 805 2 635 2 465 2 295 2 125 1 955 1 785 1 615 1 445 1 275
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
0 to 2 804 2 805 to 5 439 5 440 to 7 904 7 905 to 10 199 10 200 to 12 324 12 325 to 14 279 14 280 to 16 064 16 065 to 17 679 17 680 to 19 124 19 125 to 20 399
25,00 to 24,88
96 53 + 10s 17 + 2s 4 + 8s 17 + 2s 4 + 8s 64 64 1 280
30
45 25 8 2 8 2 30 30 600
64
20 400 to 20 444 20 400 to 20 424 20 425 to 20 432 20 433 to 20 434 20 435 to 20 442 20 443 to 20 444 20 445 to 20 474 20 475 to 20 504 20 505 to 21 104
24,88 to 24,81 24,81 to 24,73 24,73 to 22,68
30 30 30
64 64 64
Initial Zone The Initial Zone is intended to enable the drive to get the position of the optical head when it moves beyond the Data Zone. It shall have embossed grooves, Headers, and ODFs with same format, same reflectivity and same signal characteristics as those in the Data Zone defined in clauses 15, 16, 21 and 22. This zone shall not be used for data or test recording.
14.2.2
Test Zones for drives and manufacturers There shall be two Test Zones for drives and two Test Zones for manufacturers located in Lead-in Zone and Lead-out Zone respectively. These Test Zones shall contain embossed grooves, Headers, ODFs and the Recording fields. The Test Zones for drives are intended for tests to enable a drive to set its write power, and shall not consist of embossed data in the case of rewritable disks. The tracks used for testing should be chosen from the Test Zone in a random way, so as to ensure a gradual degradation of the entire Test Zones for drives due to use. Then each track in this zone will remain representative for the characteristics of tracks in the Data Zone of the disk.
- 35 -
The Test Zones for manufacturers are intended for quality tests by the media manufacturer. The Test Zones for drives shall not be used for such tests, as they can cause serious degradation of the Test Zones. 14.2.3
Test Zones for servo There shall be two Test Zones for servo located in Lead-in Zone and Lead-out Zone respectively. Each Test Zone for servo has three kinds of different tracks. They are blank tracks, 3T tracks and 8T tracks, where T is the period of one Channel bit. Blank tracks shall contain embossed grooves, Headers, ODFs and the Recording fields. The 3T tracks shall contain embossed grooves, Headers, ODFs and embossed marks which is formed over VFO3 fields, Sync fields and Data fields of the Recording fields of each sector defined in clause 16. The embossed marks in the 3T tracks shall be formed as a series of repeated Channel bit pattern 100100100.... . The 8T tracks shall contain embossed grooves, Headers, ODFs and embossed marks which is formed over VFO3 fields, Sync fields and Data fields of the Recording fields of each sector defined in clause 16. The embossed marks in the 8T tracks shall be formed as a series of repeated Channel bit pattern 100000001000000010000000100... . These tracks are intended to enable a drive to remove focus offsets by maximising the read signal from the Channel bit pattern.
14.2.4
Control Zone There shall be a Control Zone located in the innermost area of the Lead-out Zone. The Control Zone shall contain 1 280 physical tracks with embossed grooves, ODFs and sectors formatted according to clause 16. The physical track pitch in the Control Zone and the other zones on the disk are different. The outer area of the Control Zone shall be a transition zone from narrower track pitch zone to wider track pitch zone which has 1,60 µm track pitch as defined in 13.3. The width of the transition zone shall be less than 20 µm. The Data fields of all sectors in the Control Zone shall be identical, and contain embossed Control data for the drive. The Control data in a Data field is specified in annex E.
14.2.5
Data Zone The Data Zone shall contain embossed grooves, ODFs and Headers. The Recording fields can be user-written or contain embossed data, in the format of clause 16. The layout of the Data Zone is specified in clause 18. The Data Zone shall be divided into 10 bands numbered 0 to 9. Each band shall consist of the same number of physical tracks. A physical track shall be the path followed by the focused optical beam during one revolution of the disk. Each physical track shall be divided into sectors. The number of sectors per physical track shall be as shown in table 2 and decreases from band to band moving from the outer radius to the inner radius so as to keep the recording density constant in any band. Each sector of an addressable track shall be identified by a track and sector address in its Header field . The sector and addressable track address shall be applied to the track which is defined separately from the physical track and has same number of sectors. The number of sectors per addressable track shall be as shown in table 2 and be constant in any track. The number of addressable tracks per band shall decrease from band to band moving from the outer radius to the inner radius as shown in table 2. The Data Zone shall start with track 0 and end with track 20 399.
15 15.1
Addressable track format Addressable track layout On each addressable track there shall be 64 sectors. Each sector shall comprise 746 bit combinations, where each bit combination on the disk is represented by 16 Channel bits. The sectors shall be equally spaced over a track in such a way that the distance between the first Channel bit of a sector and the first Channel bit of the next sector shall be 11 936 Channel bits ± 3 Channel bits.
15.2
Clock frequencies and periods The nominal clock frequency and period of a Channel bit for each data band at the rotational speed of 33,8 Hz is different in each band and shown in table 3 below. These values are for reference only. The actual frequency and
- 36 -
period shall be adjusted so that there is the correct number of Channel bits in one physical track by the formula below. (66 - (4 × Data Band Number)) × 16 × 746 where 16 is the number of Channel bits representing a bit combination and 746 is the number of bit combinations per sector. Table 3 - Nominal Clock Frequencies and Periods Period of a Period of a Byte Period of a Sector Clock Frequency (µs) (MHz) Channel bit (ns) (ns) Lead-in Zone Initial Zone
26,61
37,6
601
449
for drives
26,61
37,6
601
449
for manufacturers
26,61
37,6
601
449
for servo
26,61
37,6
601
449
Band 0
26,61
37,6
601
449
Band 1
25,00
40,0
640
477
Band 2
23,39
42,8
684
510
Band 3
21,77
45,9
735
548
Band 4
20,16
49,6
794
592
Band 5
18,55
53,9
863
644
Band 6
16,93
59,1
945
705
Band 7
15,32
65,3
1 044
779
Band 8
13,71
72,9
1 167
871
Band 9
12,10
82,7
1 323
987
for servo
12,10
82,7
1 323
987
for manufacturers
12,10
82,7
1 323
987
for drives
12,10
82,7
1 323
Control Zone
12,10
82,7
1 323
987 987
Outer Test Zone
Data Zone
Lead-out Zone Inner Test Zone
15.3
Radial alignment The Headers of the sectors shall be radially aligned in such a way that the angular distance between the first Channel bit of sectors in adjacent tracks within each data band, Lead-in Zone or Lead-out Zone shall be less than 4 Channel bits.
15.4
Sector number The sectors on an addressable track shall be numbered consecutively from 0 to 63.
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16 16.1
Sector format Sector layout A sector shall comprise a Header field, an Offset Detection Field (ODF) and a Recording field in which 512 user data bytes can be recorded. The Header of each sector shall be embossed. The Recording field can be empty, userwritten or embossed. The length of the sector shall be 746 bytes nominally. Tolerances allowed by 15.1 are taken up by the Buffer, i.e. the last field of the sector. The length of the Header field is 52 bytes, the length of the ODF is 2 bytes and the length of the Recording field is 692 bytes. The layout of a sector is shown in figure 16. The numbers indicate the length of each field in bytes.
Figure 16 - Sector Field Layout
16.2
Sector Mark (SM) The Sector Mark shall consist of an embossed pattern that does not occur in RLL(2,7) code (see clause 17), and is intended to enable the drive to identify the start of the sector without recourse to a phase-locked loop. The Sector Mark shall have a length of 80 Channel bits. It shall consist of embossed, continuous long marks of different length followed by a lead-in to the VFO1 field, formed as an interruption of the groove. The timing pattern of the Sector Mark shall be as shown in figure 17, where T is the period of one Channel bit. The signal obtained from a mark is less than a signal obtained from no mark. The Lead-in shall have the Channel bit pattern 0000010010.
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Figure 17 - Pattern of the Sector Mark
16.3
VFO fields There shall be one embossed VFO1 field and two embossed VFO2 fields in the Header and one VFO3 field in the Recording field to give the voltage-frequency oscillator of the phase-locked loop of the read Channel bit synchronization. VFO1 shall have a length of 192 Channel bits, both VFO2 shall have a length of 128 Channel bits and VFO3 shall have a length of 176 Channel bits. The start of VFO2 depends on the contents of the preceding ID field because of the closure required for the RLL(2,7) recording code. Therefore, VFO2 shall be the appropriate one of two patterns differing only in the first Channel bit. The continuous Channel bit pattern for the VFO fields shall be VFO1, 192 Channel bits: VFO2, 128 Channel bits: VFO2, 128 Channel bits: VFO3, 176 Channel bits:
16.4
0100100100100.... 100100100100.... 000100100100.... 100100100100....
10010 10010 10010 10010.
Address Mark (AM) The Address Mark shall consist of an embossed pattern that does not occur in RLL(2,7) code. The field is intended to give the drive byte synchronization for the following ID field. It shall have a length of 16 Channel bits with the following pattern: 0100 1000 0000 0100.
16.5
ID fields The three ID fields shall each contain the address of the sector, i.e. the track number and the sector number of the sector, and CRC bytes. Each field shall consist of five bytes with the following embossed contents: 1st and 2nd byte 3rd byte bits 7 and 6
bits 5 to 0 4th and 5th byte
16.6
MSB, LSB of the addressable track number 00 shall indicate the ID1 field 01 shall indicate the ID2 field 10 shall indicate the ID3 field sector number in binary notation CRC field containing the CRC bits computed over the first three bytes according to annex C.
Postamble 1 (PA1) The Postamble 1 field shall be equal in length to 16 Channel bits and shall follow ID3. A Postamble 1 allows closure of the last byte of the preceding CRC as required by the RLL(2,7) recording code (see clause 17). The Postamble 1 is necessary to be able to start the following ODF in a predictable manner.
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16.7
Offset Detection Field (ODF) This field shall be an area equal in length to 32 Channel bits. This field shall have neither embossed groove nor embossed mark.
16.8
Gap The Gap shall be a field with a nominal length of 208 to 224 Channel bits. The nominal length of the Gap varies randomly to shift the position of the marks formed in the Recording field. The variation of the nominal length shall be compensated by the nominal length of the Buffer field. The content of the Gap is not specified and shall be ignored on interchange, but shall not be embossed. It is the first field of the Recording field, and gives the drive some time for processing after it has finished reading the header and before it has to write or read the VFO3 field. The length of the Gap has a tolerance of ±8 Channel bits, i.e. the following VFO3 field can start between 200 and 232 Channel bits after the ODF. Moreover, it need not start exactly on a Channel bit position as extrapolated from the Header. The tolerance is subtracted from the length of the Buffer field, e.g. a Gap length of 232 Channel bits results in a reduction of the Buffer length by 24 Channel bits.
16.9
Sync The Sync field is intended to allow the drive to obtain byte synchronization for the following Data field. It shall have a length of 48 Channel bits and be recorded with the Channel bit pattern 0100 0010 0100 0010 0010 0010 0100 0100 1000 0010 0100 1000.
16.10
Data field The Data field is intended for recording user data. It shall have a length of 650 bytes and shall comprise • • • • • •
512 bytes of user data 4 bytes of which the contents are not specified by this ECMA Standard and shall be ignored in interchange 10 bytes set to (FF) 4 bytes of CRC 80 bytes of ECC, and 40 bytes for resynchronization
The disposition of these bytes in the Data field with their five-way interleave and the contents of CRC, ECC and resynchronization shall be as specified in annex D. 16.10.1
User data bytes The user data bytes are at the disposal of the user for recording information.
16.10.2
CRC and ECC bytes The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bytes and Error Correction Code (ECC) bytes are used by the error detection and correction system to rectify erroneous data. The ECC is a Reed-Solomon code of degree 16. The bytes shall be as specified in annex D.
16.10.3
Resync bytes The Resync bytes enable a drive to regain byte synchronization after a large defect in the Data field. Their content and location in the Data field shall be as specified in annex D.
16.10.4
Postamble 2 (PA2) The Postamble 2 field shall be equal in length 64 Channel bits. This field shall follow the Data field. A Postamble 2 allows closure of the last byte of the preceding Data field as required by the RLL(2,7) recording code (see clause 17). This field may include additional data pattern which is not specified in this ECMA Standard and shall be ignored in interchange. The Postamble 2 is necessary to be able to start the following Buffer field in a predictable manner.
16.11
Buffer field The Buffer field shall have a nominal length of 160 to 176 Channel bits compensating the variation of the nominal length of the Gap field with a tolerance of ± 16 Channel bits and shall not contain any data. The tolerance is needed for four reasons. Firstly, the tolerance on the Header-to-Header distance as specified in 15.1. Secondly, the tolerance in the start of the VFO3 field as specified in 16.8. Thirdly, the actual length of the written data, as
- 40 -
determined by the runout of the track and the speed variations of the disk during writing of the data. Fourthly, overwriting these entire written data whose length has the tolerance explained above.
17
Recording code The 8-bit bytes in the three ID fields and in the Data field, except for the Resync bytes, shall be converted to Channel bits on the disk according to table 4. All other fields in a sector have already been defined in terms of Channel bits. Each ONE Channel bit shall be recorded as a mark produced by a write pulse of the appropriate power and width. The recording code used to record all data in the Information Zone on the disk shall be the run-length limited code known as RLL(2,7). Table 4 - Conversion of Input bits to Channel bits Input bits 10 010 0010 11 011 0011 000
Channel bits 0100 100100 00100100 1000 001000 00001000 000100
The coding start at the first bit of the first byte of the field to be converted. After a Resync byte the RLL(2,7) coding shall start again with the first bit of the next byte of input data. The RLL(2,7) coding can seldom be terminated at the end of the last input byte in a field, due to leftover bits which cannot be converted on their own. To achieve closure of the recording code, three pad bits are added at the end of field before converting the data to Channel bits. Table 5 defines the closure for all possible combinations of leftover bits. The ID1and ID2 fields shall lead to one of the two patterns for the VFO2 (table 5a). The bytes in the Data field preceding a Resync byte shall lead to the Resync pattern (table 5b). With the exception of providing a suitable closure pattern for the ID3 field and the last byte in the Data field, the contents of the PA1 field following the ID3 field and the contents of the PA2 field following the last byte in the Data field, respectively, are not specified by this ECMA Standard and shall be ignored in interchange. Table 5a - Transition from the end of the ID1 and ID2 field to the VFO2 field Leftover input bits
Pad bits
Channel bits of the closure pattern, leading to one of the two VFO2 patterns
none
010
0
010
00
100100100100100100......10010
1
010
01
000100100100100100......10010
00
010
0001
000100100100100100......10010
01
010
1001
000100100100100100......10010
001
010
001001
000100100100100100......10010
100100100100100100......10010
End of the
End of the
ID field →
ID field →
← VFO2 field →
- 41 -
Table 5b - Transition from the byte in the Data field preceding a Resync to the Resync byte
18
Leftover input bits
Pad bits
Channel bits of the closure pattern, leading to the Resync pattern
none
011
0
011
00
0010000000100100
1
011
01
0010000000100100
00
011
0001
0010000000100100
01
011
1001
0010000000100100
001
011
001001
0010000000100100
0010000000100100
End of the
End of the
Data field →
Data field →
← Resync →
Format of the Data Zone The Data Zone shall contain four Defect Management Areas (DMAs), two at the beginning of the zone after the two Buffer tracks in the Data Zone specified in 18.1 and two at the end of the zone before the two Buffer tracks shown in table 6. The area between the two sets of DMAs is called the User Area. The User Area is intended for the user to write data into. The Rewritable Zone is the User Area for Type R/W disks. The Write Once Zone is the User Area for Type WORM disks. The data field of all sectors in these zones shall not contain any embossed data. The User Area shall be interrupted by the Buffer tracks at each Band boundary as specified in 18.1. The layout of the Data Zone and adjacent zones is shown in table 7a and table 7b. For Type R/W disks, the Rewritable Zone shall extend from sector 0 of track 5 to the last sector of track 20 394. Each band shall start and end with two Buffer tracks, see 18.1 and table 7a, and be recorded in bytes 6 to 15 of the DDS as being rewritable. For the Type WORM disks, the Write Once Zone shall extend from sector 0 of track 135 to the last sector of track 20 264. Each band shall start and end with two Buffer tracks, see 18.1 and table 7b, and be recorded in bytes 6 to 15 of the DDS as being write once.
- 42 -
Table 6 - Layout of rewritable (Type R/W) disk and write once (Type WORM) disk
Rewritable
Write Once
Blank tracks
Blank tracks
Buffer tracks
Buffer tracks
DMA1
DMA1
DMA2
DMA2 WDL1
WDL2 Data
Data
Zone
Zone Rewritable Zone
Write Once Zone
User
User
Area
Area
WDL3
WDL4 DMA3
DMA3
DMA4
DMA4
Buffer tracks
Buffer tracks
Blank tracks
Blank tracks
- 43 -
Table 7a - Layout of the Data Zone and the Buffer tracks of rewritable (Type R/W) disk Band
Track
Band 0
Buffer DMA1 DMA2 User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare DMA3 DMA4 Buffer
Band 1
Band 2
Band 3
Data Zone
Band 4 User Area
Band 5
Band 6
Band 7
Band 8
Band 9
Total
Addressable track / sector address 0/0 to 1/63 2/0 to 3/31 3/32 to 4/63 5/0 to 2 793/63 2 794/0 to 2 802/63 2 803/0 to 2 804/63 2 805/0 to 2 806/63 2 807/0 to 5 429/63 5 430/0 to 5 437/63 5 438/0 to 5 439/63 5 440/0 to 5 441/63 5 442/0 to 7 894/63 7 895/0 to 7 902/63 7 903/0 to 7 904/63 7 905/0 to 7 906/63 7 907/0 to 10 190/63 10 191/0 to 10 197/63 10 198/0 to 10 199/63 10 200/0 to 10 201/63 10 202/0 to 12 315/63 12 316/0 to 12 322/63 12 323/0 to 12 324/63 12 325/0 to 12 326/63 12 327/0 to 14 271/63 14 272/0 to 14 277/63 14 278/0 to 14 279/63 14 280/0 to 14 281/63 14 282/0 to 16 056/63 16 057/0 to 16 062/63 16 063/0 to 16 064/63 16 065/0 to 16 066/63 16 067/0 to 17 672/63 17 673/0 to 17 677/63 17 678/0 to 17 679/63 17 680/0 to 17 681/63 17 682/0 to 19 117/63 19 118/0 to 19 122/63 19 123/0 to 19 124/63 19 125/0 to 19 126/63 19 127/0 to 20 390/63 20 391/0 to 20 394/63 20 395/0 to 20 396/31 20 396/32 to 20 397/63 20 398/0 to 20 399/63
Number of user sectors
Number of spare sectors
Number of other sectors 128 96 96
178 496 576 128 128 167 872 512 128 128 156 992 512 128 128 146 176 448 128 128 135 296 448 128 128 124 480 384 128 128 113 600 384 128 128 102 784 320 128 128 91 904 320 128 128 80 896 256
1 298 496
4 160
96 96 128 2 944
- 44 -
Table 7b - Layout of the Data Zone and the Buffer tracks of write once (Type WORM) disk Band
Track
Band 0
Buffer DMA1 DMA2 WDL1 WDL2 User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare Buffer Buffer User Spare WDL3 WDL4 DMA3 DMA4 Buffer
Band 1
Band 2
Band 3 Data Zone
Band 4
Band 5 User Area Band 6
Band 7
Band 8
Band 9
Total
Addressable track / sector address 0/0 to 1/63 2/0 to 3/31 3/32 to 4/63 5/0 to 69/63 70/0 to 134/63 135/0 to 2 793/63 2 794/0 to 2 802/63 2 803/0 to 2 804/63 2 805/0 to 2 806/63 2 807/0 to 5 429/63 5 430/0 to 5 437/63 5 438/0 to 5 439/63 5 440/0 to 5 441/63 5 442/0 to 7 894/63 7 895/0 to 7 902/63 7 903/0 to 7 904/63 7 905/0 to 7 906/63 7 907/0 to 10 190/63 10 191/0 to 10 197/63 10 198/0 to 10 199/63 10 200/0 to 10 201/63 10 202/0 to 12 315/63 12 316/0 to 12 322/63 12 323/0 to 12 324/63 12 325/0 to 12 326/63 12 327/0 to 14 271/63 14 272/0 to 14 277/63 14 278/0 to 14 279/63 14 280/0 to 14 281/63 14 282/0 to 16 056/63 16 057/0 to 16 062/63 16 063/0 to 16 064/63 16 065/0 to 16 066/63 16 067/0 to 17 672/63 17 673/0 to 17 677/63 17 678/0 to 17 679/63 17 680/0 to 17 681/63 17 682/0 to 19 117/63 19 118/0 to 19 122/63 19 123/0 to 19 124/63 19 125/0 to 19 126/63 19 127/0 to 20 260/63 20 261/0 to 20 264/63 20 265/0 to 20 329/63 20 330/0 to 20 394/63 20 395/0 to 20 396/31 20 396/32 to 20 397/63 20 398/0 to 20 399/63
Number of user sectors
Number of spare sectors
Number of other sectors 128 96 96 4 160 4 160
170 176 576 128 128 167 872 512 128 128 156 992 512 128 128 146 176 448 128 128 135 296 448 128 128 124 480 384 128 128 113 600 384 128 128 102 784 320 128 128 91 904 320 128 128 72 576 256
1 281 856
4 160
4 160 4 160 96 96 128 19 584
- 45 -
18.1
Buffer tracks in the Data Zone The two tracks at the beginning of each band and the two tracks at the end of each band of the Data Zone shall be Buffer tracks. The Buffer tracks shall contain embossed grooves, ODFs and Headers, and shall not be used for the user data. The sectors of the Buffer tracks of rewritable disks and write once disks shall not contain data or embossed data in the Recording field.
18.2
Defect Management Areas (DMAs) The four Defect Management Areas contain information on the structure of the Data Zone and on the defect management. The length of each DMA shall be 96 sectors. Two of the DMAs, DMA1 and DMA2, shall be located near the outer diameter of the disk; two others, DMA3 and DMA4, shall be located near the inner diameter of the disk. The boundaries of the DMAs are indicated in table 7a and table 7b. Each DMA shall contain a Disk Definition Structure (DDS), a Defect Management Sector (DMS), a Primary Defect List (PDL), and a Secondary Defect List (SDL). The contents of the four DDSs, the content of the four PDLs and the contents of the four SDLs shall be identical. The differences between the contents of the four DMSs shall be the pointers to each associated PDLs and SDLs. After initialization of the disk, each DMA shall have the following content: • The first DMA sector shall contain the DDS • The second DMA sector shall contain the DMS • The third DMA sector shall primarily be the first sector of the PDL for rewritable disks and write once disks • The SDL shall primarily be located immediately after the PDL for rewritable disks and write once disks • The positions of PDLs and SDLs might be slipped to the next sector from the primarily defined sector depending on the defect condition of the sectors • The accurate position of the PDLs and SDLs shall be defined in the DMS The lengths of the PDL and SDL are determined by the number of entries in each. The contents of the DDS and DMS are specified in 18.3 and 18.4; those of the PDL and SDL are specified in 19.5 and 19.6.
18.3
Disk Definition Structure (DDS) The DDS shall consist of a table with a length of one sector. It specifies the method of initialization of the disk, the division of the Rewritable and the Write Once Zones into groups, the kind of user sectors within each band. The DDS shall be recorded in the first sector of each DMA at the end of initialization of the disk. The information on the disk structure given in table 8 shall be recorded in each of the four DDSs. In the table 8, for bytes 6 to 15, the setting (01) means rewritable data group, the setting (02) means write once data group and the other setting shall be ignored in this ECMA Standard.
- 46 -
Table 8 - Byte assignment of the Disk Definition Structure (DDS) Byte No. 0 1 2 3 4 5
DDS Identifier DDS Identifier Reserved Disk has been certified Disk has not been certified Reserved Number of bands
Setting (50) (44) (00) (01) (02) (00) (0A)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Band 0 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 1 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 2 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 3 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 4 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 5 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 6 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 7 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 8 Type (rewritable/write once) Band 9 Type (rewritable/write once)
(01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02) (01)/(02)
16 to 511
18.4
Description
Reserved
(00)
Defect Management Sector (DMS) The DMS shall consist of a table with a length of one sector. It specifies the location of the PDLs and the SDLs. The DMS shall be recorded in the second sector of each DMA at the end of initialization of the disk. The information of the location of the PDLs and the SDLs given in table 9 shall be recorded in each of the four DMSs. The addresses of the PDL sectors and the SDL sectors shall be listed in ascending order respectively in the DMS. Each addresse of the PDL sectors and the SDL sectors in the DMS sector may not be continuous numbers depending on the defect condition of the sectors. The PDL sectors and the SDL sectors shall be used according to the order of the address list registered in the DMS sector. The number of SDL entries shall be set to (FF) and the address of only first SDL sector shall be registered in the write once disk.
- 47 -
Table 9 - Byte assignment of the Defect Management Sector (DMS) Byte No. 0 1 2 to 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 : (4x+4) (4x+5) (4x+6) (4x+7) (4x+8) (4x+9) (4x+10) (4x+11) (4x+12) (4x+13) (4x+14) (4x+15) : (4y+4x+8) (4y+4x+9) (4y+4x+10) (4y+4x+11) (4y+4x+12) to 511
18.5
Description DMS Identifier DMS Identifier Reserved PDL Identifier Number(x) of PDL Sectors Address of the first PDL sector (Track number, MSB) Address of the first PDL sector (Track number) Address of the first PDL sector (Track number, LSB) Address of the first PDL sector (Sector number)
Setting (44) (4D) (00) (01) [1≤x≤33] -
Address of the last PDL sector (Track number, MSB) Address of the last PDL sector (Track number) Address of the last PDL sector (Track number, LSB) Address of the last PDL sector (Sector number) Reserved Reserved SDL Identifier Number(y) of SDL Sectors Address of the first SDL sector (Track number, MSB) Address of the first SDL sector (Track number) Address of the first SDL sector (Track number, LSB) Address of the first SDL sector, (Sector number)
(00) (00) (02) [1≤y≤66 or (FF)] -
Address of the last SDL sector (Track number, MSB) Address of the last SDL sector (Track number) Address of the last SDL sector (Track number, LSB) Address of the last SDL sector (Sector number) Reserved
(00)
Working Defect List (WDL) The Working Defect List (WDL) is created and used only for the write once disk. The WDL contains the working defect list for creating SDL which is registered up to sector capacity. Two WDLs named WDL1 and WDL2 are located at the outermost area and two WDLs named WDL3 and WDL4 are located at the innermost area of the Data Zone. All WDLs are identical and consist of 4 160 sectors. The contents of WDLs are specified in 19.6.
18.6
Partitioning During initialization of the disk, the User Area shall be partitioned into 10 consecutive groups. Each group shall span one complete band excluding the two Buffer tracks at the beginning and the two Buffer tracks at the end of each band with the exception of tracks 2 to 4 in band 0 and tracks 20 395 to 20 397 of band 9 in case of rewritable disk and tracks 2 to 134 in band 0 and tracks 20 265 to 20 397 of band 9 in case of write-once disk. Each group shall comprise full tracks of user sectors followed by full tracks of spare sectors. The number of spare tracks per group are shown in table 7a and table 7b.
19
Defect management Defective sectors in the User Area shall be replaced by good sectors according to the defect management method described below. The disk shall be initialized before use. This ECMA Standard allows initialization with or without certification. Defective sectors are handled by a Linear Replacement Algorithm and a sector Slipping Algorithm. The total number of defective sectors replaced by both algorithms shall not be greater than 4 160. The spare tracks are distributed among groups proportionally to the number of data tracks in each group as shown in table 7a and table 7b.
- 48 -
19.1
Initialization of the disk During initialization of the disk, the four DMAs are recorded and four WDLs are also recorded as empty WDL in case of write once disk prior to the first use of the disk. The User Area shall be partitioned into 10 groups. Each group shall contain a number of tracks for user sectors followed by a number of tracks for spare sectors. The spare sectors are used as replacements for defective user sectors. Initialization can include a certification of the groups whereby defective sectors are identified and skipped. In an empty WDL, byte 3, byte 6 and byte 7 shall be set to (00) and bytes 8 to 511 shall be set to (FF). All DDS parameters and DMS parameters shall be recorded in the four DDS and DMS sectors. The PDL and SDL shall be recorded in the four DMAs. The contents of the PDLs and SDLs are specified in tables 10, 11a and 11b, respectively.
19.2
Certification If the disk is certified, the certification shall be applied to the user sectors and to the spare sectors in the groups. The method of certification is not stated by this ECMA Standard. It may involve writing and reading the sectors in the groups. Defective sectors found during certification shall be handled by the Slipping Algorithm. Defective sectors shall not be used for reading or writing. Guidelines for replacing defective sectors are given in annex L.
19.2.1
Slipping Algorithm The Slipping Algorithm shall be applied individually to each and every group in the User Area in case of certification is performed. A defective user sector found during certification shall be replaced by the first good sector following the defective sector, and so causes a slip of one sector towards the end of the group. The last user sectors will slip into the spare sector area of the group. The address of the defective sector is written in the PDL. If no defective sectors are found during certification, an empty PDL is recorded. The addresses of spare sectors, beyond the last user sector slipped into the spare area (if any), which are found to be defective during certification shall be recorded in the PDL. Thus, the number of available spare sectors is diminished accordingly. If the spare sector area of a group becomes exhausted during certification, the defective sector shall be handled by the Linear Replacement Algorithm. This process involves assigning a replacement sector from the spare sector area of another group and cannot be accomplished until the other group has been certified. This is due to the fact that the next available spare sector is not known until its group is certified, i.e. the Slipping Algorithm has been applied.
19.2.2
Linear Replacement Algorithm The Linear Replacement Algorithm is used to handle defective sectors found after certification. It is also used during certification in the event of the spare area of a group becoming exhausted. The defective sector shall be replaced by the first available good spare sector of the group. If there are no spare sectors left in the group, the defective sector shall be replaced by the first good spare sector of another group. The addresses of the defective sector and of the replacement sector shall be recorded in the SDL. The addresses of sectors already recorded in the PDL shall not be recorded in the SDL. If a replacement sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective in case of the rewritable disk, the entry in the SDL shall be rewrite with new replacement sector for that defective sector. If a replacement sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective in case of the write once disk, the new WDL which has new entry indicating a new replacement sector for that defective sector shall be added.
19.3
Disks not certified The Linear Replacement Algorithm is also used to handle sectors found defective on disks which have not been certified. A defective sector shall be replaced by the first available good spare sector of the group. If there are no spare sectors left in the group, the defective sector shall be replaced by the first good spare sector of another group. The addresses of the defective sector and of the replacement sector shall be recorded in the SDL.
- 49 -
If there exists a list of addresses of the defective sectors in the PDL, these sectors shall be skipped for use even if the disks are not certified. This process is same as the process specified in 19.2.1 for the certified disks.
19.4 19.4.1
Write procedure Rewritable disk When writing data in the sectors of a group, a defective sector listed in the PDL shall be skipped, and the data shall be written in the next user sector, according to the Slipping Algorithm. If a sector to be written is listed in the SDL, the data shall be written in the spare sector pointed to by the SDL, according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm. When a defective sector is detected, it shall be registered in the SDL with the assigned spare sector and the data shall be written in the spare sector. When the SDL is increased over the sector capacity, the next SDL sector shall be assigned and registered the next SDL sector in the DMS. When a PDL or an SDL sector is found to be defective, it shall not be used. These defective PDL or SDL sectors shall be skipped and the next good sector shall be used. These good PDL or SDL sectors shall be registered in the DMS sector. This procedure shall be applied to the four DMAs.
19.4.2
Write once disk When writing data in the sectors of a group, a defective sector listed in the PDL shall be skipped, and the data shall be written in the next user sector, according to the Slipping Algorithm. When a defective sector is detected, it shall be registered in the WDL with the assigned spare sector and the data shall be written in the spare sector. When the WDL is increased over the sector capacity, the new SDL sector shall be assigned and the contents of the WDL shall be registered in the new SDL sector. When a WDL or an SDL sector is found to be defective, the WDL sector or the SDL sector shall not be used. These defective WDL or SDL sectors shall be skipped and the next good sector shall be used.
19.5
Primary Defect List (PDL) A PDL shall always be recorded; it may be empty. A list of defective sectors may be obtained by means other than certification of the disk. The PDL shall contain the addresses of all defective sectors identified at initialization. The addresses shall be listed in ascending order. The PDL shall be recorded in the minimum number of sectors necessary, and it shall begin in the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes of the last sector of the PDL shall be set to (FF). The information in table 10 shall be recorded in each PDL. In the case of multiple-sector PDL, the list of addresses of the defective sectors shall continue with the first byte of the second and subsequent sectors. Thus, the PDL Identifier and the Number of PDL Sector Entries shall be present only in the first sector. In an empty PDL, bytes 2 and 3 shall be set to (00) and bytes 4 to 511 shall be set to (FF).
- 50 -
Table 10 - Content of the PDL Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 : (4n) (4n+1) (4n+2) (4n+3) (4n+4) to 511
19.6 19.6.1
PDL Content PDL Identifier PDL Identifier Number (n) of PDL Entries, MSB Number (n) of PDL Entries , LSB Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Sector Number) : Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Sector Number)
Setting (00) (01) (FF)
Secondary Defect List (SDL) and Working Defect List (WDL) Rewritable disk The Secondary Defect List (SDL) is used in rewritable disk for handling defective sectors using Linear Replacement Algorithm. The SDL is created during initialization and used after certification. All disks with a Rewritable Zone shall have the SDLs recorded during initialization. The SDL shall contain entries in the form of addresses of defective user sectors and addresses of the spare sectors which replace them. Each entry in the SDL contains 8 bytes, viz. four each for the address of a defective sector and for the address of its replacement sector. The addresses of the defective sectors shall be in ascending order. The SDL shall be recorded in the minimum number of sector necessary, and it shall begin at the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes of the last sectors of the SDL shall be set to (FF). The following information shall be recorded in each of the four SDLs ; - SDL Identifier - Number of SDL update - Number of SDL Entries - Address of defective sectors and their replacement sectors The addresses of sectors already recorded in the PDL shall not be recorded in the SDL. The number of the SDL entries is registered as the number of total defect list entries in the SDL. If a replacement sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, the entry shall be rewrite with new replacement sector for that defective sector. The number of SDL updates shall be updated when rewriting the SDL list for both the beginning and ending of SDL entries. These numbers of SDL update registered in the beginning bytes and the ending bytes shall be equivalent. If these numbers are not equivalent, this SDL shall be ignored. The SDL with the highest number of updates shall be used. In the case of a multiple-sector SDL, the list of addresses of defective and of replacement sectors shall continue with the first byte of the second and subsequent sectors. Thus, the SDL Identifier and the number of SDL entries in table 11a shall be present only in the first sector. The number of SDL updates shall be written in the first and the last sector in the SDL sectors. In an empty SDL, bytes 6 and 7 shall be set to (00) and bytes 4, 5, 8 and 9 shall be set to (01) and bytes 10 to 511 shall be set to (FF).
- 51 -
Table 11a - Content of the SDL ( Rewritable disk ) Byte 0 1 2 to 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 : (8m) (8m+1) (8m+2) (8m+3) (8m+4) (8m+5) (8m+6) (8m+7) (8m+8) (8m+9) (8m+10) to 511 19.6.2
SDL Content SDL Identifier SDL Identifier Reserved Number of SDL update, (MSB) Number of SDL update, (LSB) Number (m) of SDL Entries , (MSB) Number (m) of SDL Entries , (LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Sector Number) : Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Sector Number) Number of SDL update, (MSB) Number of SDL update, (LSB)
Setting (00) (02) (00)
-
(FF)
Write once disk Both the SDL and the WDL are used in write once disk for handling defective sectors using Linear Replacement Algorithm. The SDL and the WDL are created during initialization and used after certification. All disks with a Write Once Zone shall have the SDLs and the WDLs recorded during initialization. The WDL is specified as the working defect list and the defect list is updated using a new sector in the WDL area specified in clause 18 when a new defective sector is detected. When the WDL is increased over a sector capacity, an SDL sector is registered containing same defect list information as in the WDL. After registration of an SDL sector, the rest of defect list over a sector capacity is registered in a sector of WDL area. The SDL and the WDL shall contain entries in the form of addresses of defective user sectors and addresses of the spare sectors which replace them. Each entry in the SDL and the WDL contains 8 bytes, viz. four each for the address of a defective sector and for the address of its replacement sector. The addresses of the defective sectors shall be in ascending order. The SDL and the WDL shall be recorded in the minimum number of sectors necessary, and it shall begin in the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes of the WDL shall be set to (FF). The following information shall be recorded in each of the four SDLs - SDL Identifier - Number of SDL page - Number of SDL Entries - Address of defective sectors and their replacement sectors The following information shall be recorded in each of the four WDLs
- 52 -
- WDL Identifier - Number of WDL page - Number of WDL Entries - Address of defective sectors and their replacement sectors The addresses of sectors already recorded in the PDL shall not be recorded in the SDL and the WDL. The number of the SDL page and the WDL page are used for identifying the latest defect list in the SDL and in the WDL. The page number in the SDL and in the WDL are registered as a number of active sectors in the SDL and the WDL. The number of the SDL entries is registered as a calculated value of multiplying with number of SDL sectors which is used and the total defect list entries in a sector. The number of the WDL entries is registered as the number of entries in the WDL sector. If a replacement sector listed in the WDL is later found to be defective, the next good sector in the WDL area shall be used as the WDL. The number of the WDL page in the new WDL sector shall be the same as the defective WDL sector. In the case of a multiple-sector SDL, the list of addresses of defective and of replacement sectors shall continue from the 8th byte of the second and subsequent sectors. The SDL Identifier, number of the SDL page and the number of SDL entries in table 11b shall be present in every sectors. In an empty SDL, byte 3 shall be set to (01) and bytes 6 and 7 shall be set to (00) and bytes 10 to 511 shall be set to (FF). Table 11b - Content of the SDL ( write once disk ) Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 : (8m) (8m+1) (8m+2) (8m+3) (8m+4) (8m+5) (8m+6) (8m+7) (8m+8) to 511
SDL Content SDL Identifier SDL Identifier Reserved Number of SDL page reserved reserved Number (m) of SDL Entries, (MSB) Number (m) of SDL Entries, (LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Sector Number) : Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Sector Number)
Setting (00) (02) (00) (00) (00) (FF)
- 53 -
Table 12 - Content of the WDL ( write once disk ) Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 : (8k) (8k+1) (8k+2) (8k+3) (8k+4) (8k+5) (8k+6) (8k+7) (8k+8) to 511
WDL Content
Setting
WDL Identifier WDL Identifier Reserved Number of WDL page Reserved Reserved Number (k) of WDL Entries, (MSB) Number (k) of WDL Entries, (LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the First Replacement Sector (Sector Number)
(00) (03) (00) (00) (00) -
Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Defective Sector (Sector Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, MSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Track Number, LSB) Address of the Last Replacement Sector (Sector Number)
(FF)
Section 4 - Characteristics of embossed information 20
Method of testing The format of the embossed information on the disk is defined in clauses 13 to 18. Clauses 21 to 23 specify the requirements for the signals from grooves with no written marks, Headers and embossed data from the recording field of the Control Zone, as obtained when using the Reference Drive defined in clause 9. Clauses 21 to 23 specify only the average quality of the embossed information. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors, erroneous Headers or errors in the Data fields. These errors are covered by section 6.
20.1
Environment All signals in clauses 21 to 23 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.
20.2
Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 21 to 23 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.
20.2.1
Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to g). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.
20.2.2
Read power For the wavelength 780 nm, the optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be in the range from 0,8 mW to 1,2 mW.
- 54 -
For other wavelengths the values for this range are not specified by this ECMA Standard. 20.2.3
Read channels The drive shall have a read channel, in which the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens is measured. This channel can have the implementation as given by Read channel in 9.3.
20.2.4
Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and recording layer shall not exceed emax(axial) = 0,8 µm and the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed emax(radial) = 0,09 µm The radial tracking servo used for this measurement requires a higher performance than that specified in 11.4.8.
20.3
Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photodiode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector. The signals from the two halves of the split photodiode detector are indicated by I1 and I2. The signals in the tracking channel are referenced to the signal (I1 + I2)a, which is the sum of the signals obtained from the ODF which is unrecorded, ungrooved area of the Information Zone. The signals in Read channel are referenced to the signal I0, which is Read channel signal from the ODF.
- 55 -
Beam on ungrooved area
(I1+I2) Light beam
(I1+I2) a
Beam across tracks Push pull signal
I2
I1
0 Level
Split photodiode
(I1 - I2 ) pp Signals from the tracking channel
Sector Mark area
ODF
Land Level
AM, ID, PA area
VFO area
Data area
I sm
I vfo "0"
Groove Level
I dmax I dmin
Beam on unrecorded track
Io
0 Level Signals from Headers in Read channel
I ot
"1"
Read channel output for Rewritable (Type R/W)
ODF
Sector Mark area Land Level VFO area
I sm
IL
IH
AM, ID, PA area
Data area
I vfo
IH
"0"
Groove Level Beam on unrecorded track
"1"
IL
I dmax I dmin 0 Level Signals from Headers in Read channel
Io
I ot Read channel output for WORM (Type WORM)
Figure 18 - Signals from embossed area and Recording field.
- 56 -
21
Signals from grooves Embossed data of Headers field, ODF and the recording field of the Control Zone are in the form of groove interruptions which are defined in 14.2.4 and clause 16. The signals (I1 + I2) and (I1 - I2) shall be filtered in order that frequencies above 1 MHz are attenuated by at least 40 dB thereby eliminating the effect of modulation due to embossed marks. This condition shall not be applied to the measurement of the signal (I1+ I2)a. The shape of the grooves and the embossed information from the Header fields, ODF and the recording field of the Control Zone shall be such that the following requirements for circular polarization are met (see annex J).
21.1
Push-pull signal The push-pull signal is the sinusoidal difference signal (I1 − I2) in the tracking channel, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The signal can be used by the drive for radial tracking. The peak-to-peak value of the pushpull signal shall meet the following requirements: a) in Control Zone:
0,35 ≤
( I 1 − I 2 ) pp ( I1 + I 2 )
≤ 0,58
b) in grooved areas in the Information Zone without embossed Recording fields:
0,21 ≤ 21.2
( I 1 − I 2 ) pp ( I1 + I 2 )
≤ 0,31
Divided push-pull signal The first term of the divided push-pull signal is the peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the unrecorded or preformatted data area of grooved tracks divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses these areas. The second term of the divided push-pull signal is the ratio of the minimum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the preformatted data area of grooved tracks to the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the preformatted data area of grooved tracks. The split photodiode detector separator shall be parallel to the projected track axis. In this measurement, the I1 and I2 signals shall be provided by the split photodiode detector. The tracking servo shall be operating in open-loop mode during this measurement. The first term shall meet the following requirements: a) in Control Zone:
( I − I2 ) 0,50 ≤ 1 ( I1 + I 2 )
≤ 0,90 pp
b) in grooved areas in the Information Zone without embossed Recording fields: (I − I ) 0,33 ≤ 1 2 ≤ 0,58 ( I 1 + I 2 ) pp
- 57 -
The second term shall satisfy: ( I1 − I 2 ) ( I1 + I 2 )
min pp
( I1 − I 2 ) max ( I 1 + I 2 ) pp
21.3
≥ 0,80
On-track signal The on-track signal is the signal in Read channel when tracking in a grooved area without embossed data. The ontrack signal Iot shall meet the following requirements: 0,42 ≤
21.4
I ot I0
≤ 0,65
Phase depth The phase depth of the grooves shall be less than 180°.
21.5
Track location The tracks are located at those radii on the disk where the push-pull signal equals 0 and the sum output (I1 + I2) has its minimum value.
22
Signals from Headers The signals obtained from the embossed Headers shall be measured in Read channel of the Reference Drive. The signal from an embossed mark in the recording layer is defined as the peak-to-peak value of the modulation of the signal in Read channel caused by the mark when the beam follows a recorded track (see annex J). The level of all signals from embossed marks shall be higher than Iot.
22.1
Sector Mark The signal Ism from the Sector Mark shall meet the following requirements:
Ism
≥ 0,40
I0
22.2
VFO 1 and VFO 2 The signal Ivfo from the marks in the VFO1 and VFO2 fields shall meet the following requirements: I vfo
≥ 0,09 I0 In addition the condition I vfo I dmax
≥ 0,50
shall be satisfied within each Header, where Idmax is the maximum signal from marks of that Header in the fields defined in 22.3.
22.3
Address Mark, ID field and Postamble The signal Id from marks in the Address Mark, ID and Postamble fields shall meet the following requirements: I dmax I0 I dmin I dmax
≥ 0,11 ≥ 0,50
- 58 -
The last requirement applies over any Header. Idmin and Idmax are the signals with minimum and maximum amplitude in those fields of a sector mentioned above.
23
Signals from embossed Recording fields The Recording field of the Control Zone shall contain embossed marks. The signals from these marks shall be measured in the Read channel (see 9.3 and annex J). Acceptable defects of the marks are specified in section 6. The signal from all embossed Recording fields is defined as the peak-to-peak value of the modulation of the signal. The signal Id from marks in the Recording fields of the Control Zone shall meet the following requirements: I dmax I0 I dmin I dmax
≥ 0,11 ≥ 0,50
The last requirement applies over Recording fields. Idmin and Imax are the signals with minimum and maximum amplitude in the Recording field of a sector.
Section 5 - Characteristics of the recording layer 24
Method of testing Clauses 25 and 26 describe a series of tests to assess the phase change recording properties of the recording layer, as used for overwriting data. The tests shall be performed only in the Recording field of the sectors in the Data Zone. The write, read and overwrite operations necessary for the tests shall be made on the same Reference Drive. Clauses 25 and 26 specify only the average quality of the recording layer. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause write or overwrite problems. These defects are covered by section 6.
24.1
Environment All signals in clauses 25 and 26 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.
24.2
Reference Drive The write and overwrite tests described in clauses 25 and 26 shall be measured in Read channel of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.
24.2.1
Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to g). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.
24.2.2
Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for reading the information shall be in the range from 0,8 mW to 1,2 mW.
24.2.3
Read channel The Reference Drive shall have a Read channel which can detect marks in the recording layer.
24.2.4
Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the tracks as specified in 20.2.4.
24.3
Write conditions Marks of rewritable disks are overwritten on the disk by pulses of optical power superimposed on an erase power (see figure F.1 of annex F). Marks of write once disks are written on the disk by pulses of optical power superimposed on a power less than, or equal to, the read power.
- 59 -
24.3.1
Write pulse The overwrite pulse for rewritable disks has two levels of laser power; write power (Pw) and erase power (Pe) (see figure F.1 of annex F). In the case of write once disks, the erase power of the overwrite pulse (figure F.1) is set to a power level less than, or equal to, the read power. The write pulse for write once disks is a pulse of optical power superimposed on a power less than, or equal to, the read power. The write conditions are defined in byte 5 and bytes 200 to 239 of Control data as the media sensitivity (see annex E). The rise and fall times Tr and Tf shall each be less than 10 ns when the pulse width Tp exceeds 50 ns. They shall each be less than 0,2Tp when Tp is less than 50 ns.
24.3.2
Write power and pulse width The write power (Pw) and the erase power (Pe) are the optical powers incident on the entrance surface of the disk which are used for overwriting marks on rewritable disks. The write power (Pw) is used for writing marks on write once disks. The tests shall be carried out at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, using one of the write condition of the media as given in byte 5 and bytes 200 to 239 of Control data (see in annex E). The actual power and pulse width used shall be within 5 % of those selected. The required write power shall not exceed 17 mW.
24.4
Definition of signals The signal in Read channel is linearly related to the sum of the currents through the split photo-diode detector G, and is therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector G (see 9.1).
25 25.1
Write characteristics Resolution and modulation depth The resolution is the ratio of the signal amplitude from a high-density pattern of marks (maximum frequency) to the signal amplitude from a low-density pattern of marks (minimum frequency). It shall be measured as follows. Write in the Recording field of a sector two series of marks, one spaced eight Channel bits apart and one spaced three Channel bits apart. The write condition shall be as specified in 24.3. Read the signals in Channel under the conditions 24.2.2 and 24.2.3. IL is the peak to peak value of the signal obtained from the widely spaced marks. IH is the peak-to-peak value of the signal obtained from the narrowly spaced marks(see figure 18). The reflectivity of written marks shall change high to low in case of rewritable disks. The reflectivity of written marks shall change low to high in case of write once disks (see figure 18). The resolution IH /IL shall not be less than 0,3 within any sector in the Data Zone. The modulation depth IL /Iot shall not be less than 0,17 within any sector in the Data Zone.
25.2
Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio The narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the signal level to the noise level of a specified pattern, measured in a 30 kHz bandwidth. It shall be determined as follows. Write a series of marks spaced three Channel bits apart in the Recording fields of a series of sectors. The write conditions shall be as specified in 24.3. Read the signal from the Recording fields in the Read channel under the conditions specified in 24.2.2 and 24.2.3, using a spectrum analyser with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. Measure the amplitude of the signal obtained from narrowly spaced marks at the frequency appropriate to the band and the noise as indicated in figure 19. The measurements shall be corrected for the effect of the Header fields, in order to obtain the value for the Recording field only. The narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio is Signal level 20 log 10 Noise level
- 60 -
The narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio after correction for the effects of Header fields, shall be greater than 46 dB in any sector in the Data Zone for all tracks.
Amplitude
Signal level
Noise level
Frequency
f0 Figure 19 - Spectrum analyser display
25.3
Cross-talk The test on cross-talk shall be carried out on any group of five adjacent unrecorded tracks, designated (n-2), (n-1), n, (n+1), (n+2), in the Data Zone according to the following procedure: − Write a series of marks spaced eight Channel bit apart in the Recording fields of the sectors in track n. The write condition shall be specified in 24.3. − Read the signal from the Recording fields of the sectors in the tracks (n-1), n and (n+1) under the conditions specified in 24.2.2 and 24.2.3. The cross-talk from a track n to track (n-1) and to track (n+1) shall be lower than −26 dB.
26
Overwrite erasability The overwrite erasability is defined as
Residual signal level of marks spaced three channel bits apart Signal level of the overwritten marks spaced three Channel bits apart
20 log 10
This ratio shall be less than −18 dB for all the Data field. The test of the overwrite erasability of rewritable disks shall be carried out in the Data Zone according to the following procedure: a) Overwrite a series of marks spaced three Channel bits apart in the Recording fields of any series of sectors in the Data Zone. The write conditions shall be as specified in 24.3. b) Read the Recording fields under the conditions specified in 24.2.2 and 24.2.3, using a spectrum analyser with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. Note the amplitude of the signal of the marks spaced three Channel bits apart.. c) Overwrite a series of marks spaced eight Channel bits apart in the Recording fields of any series of sectors in the Data Zone. The write condition shall be as specified in 24.3. d) Read the Recording field under the conditions specified in 24.2.2 and 24.2.3, using spectrum analyzer with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. Note the amplitude of the residual signal of the marks spaced three Channel bits apart. e) Repeat a) and c) 1 000 times.
- 61 -
f) Repeat a) and b). Note the amplitude of the signal of the marks spaced three Channel bits apart. g) Repeat c) and d). Note the amplitude of the residual signal spaced three Channel bits apart.
Section 6 - Characteristics of user data 27
Method of testing Clauses 28 and 29 describe a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this ECMA Standard. It checks the legibility of both embossed and user-written data. The data is assumed to be arbitrary. The userwritten data may have been written by any drive in any environment. The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive. Whereas clauses 20 to 26 disregard defects, clauses 28 and 29 include them as an unavoidable deterioration of the read signals. The gravity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the error detection and correction circuit in the read channel defined below. The requirements in clauses 28 and 29 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.
27.1
Environment All signals in clauses 28 to 29 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing the entrance surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.
27.2
Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 28 to 29 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:
27.2.1
Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties already defined in 9.2 a) to g). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.
27.2.2
Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be in the range from 0,8 mW to 1,2 mW.
27.2.3
Read amplifiers The Read amplifiers after the photo-detectors in read channels shall be as specified in 9.3.
27.2.4
Analog-to-binary converters The signals from both read amplifiers shall be converted from analog-to-binary with a peak detector. The converter for Read channel shall operate correctly for analog signals from both user-written marks and embossed marks with amplitudes as determined by clauses 22, 23 and 25.
27.2.5
Error correction Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by an error detection and correction system based on the definition in D.3 of annex D.
27.2.6
Tracking During measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the tracks as specified in 20.2.4.
28
Minimum quality of a sector This clause specifies the minimum quality of the Header and Recording field of a sector as required for interchange of the data contained in that sector. The quality shall be measured on the Reference Drive specified in 27.2. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong setting, as detected by the ECC and/or CRC circuits.
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28.1
Headers
28.1.1
Sector Mark At least three of the five long marks of the Sector Mark shall have the timing specified in 16.2 and the signals shall have the amplitude specified in 22.1.
28.1.2
ID fields At least one of the three ID fields in a Header read in Read channel shall not have any byte errors, as checked by the CRC in the field.
28.2
User-written data The user-written data in a sector as read in Read channel shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 27.2.5.
28.3
Embossed data The embossed data in a sector as read in Read channel shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 27.2.5.
29
Data interchange requirements A disk offered for interchange of data shall comply with the following requirements.
29.1
Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.
29.2
User-written data Any sector written in the User Area that does not comply with 28.1 and 28.2 shall have been replaced according to the rules of the defect management as defined in clause 19.
29.3
Quality of disk The quality of the disk is reflected in the number of replaced sectors in the User Area. This ECMA Standard allows a maximum of 4 160 replaced sectors.
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Annex A (normative)
Edge distortion test A.1
The distortion test checks if the case is free from unacceptable distortions and protrusions along its edges. The test is made by causing the cartridge to pass through the vertical slot of a gauge while applying a specified force in addition to the gravitational pull.
A.2
The gauge shall be made of a suitable material, e.g. of chrome-plated carbon steel. The inner surfaces shall be polished to a surface finish of 5 µm peak-to-peak.
A.3
The dimensions shall be as follows (see figure A.1): A = 137,0 mm min. B = 125,0 mm ± 0,1mm C = 8,0 mm ± 0,1mm D = 8,20 mm ± 0,01mm E = 8,6 mm min.
A.4
When the cartridge is inserted vertically into the gauge, a vertical downward force F of 2,7 N maximum applied to the centre of the top edge of the cartridge shall cause the cartridge to pass through the gauge.
F
D
C A
B
C
D
Figure A.1 - Distortion Gauge
E
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Annex B (normative)
Compliance test B.1
The compliance test checks the flatness and flexibility of the case by forcing the four reference surfaces of the case into a plane. The test is made by placing the cartridge on the supports of a gauge and applying forces on the cartridge opposite to the supports.
B.2
The location of the four reference surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 is defined in 10.3.4 and figure 4.
B.3
The test gauge consists of a base plate on which four posts P1, P2, P3 and P4 are fixed so as to correspond to the four surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively (see figure B.1). The dimensions are as follows (see figure B.2): Posts P1 and P2 Da = 6,50 mm ± 0,01 mm + 0,02 mm
Db = 3,90 mm
- 0,00 mm
Ha = 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm Hb = 2,0 mm max. The top area (Hb - Ha) of posts P1 and P2 has a chamfer Posts P3 and P4 Dc = 5,00 mm ± 0,01 mm After assembly, the upper annular surfaces of the four posts shall lie between two horizontal planes spaced 0,01 mm apart.
B.4
The cartridge shall be placed with its reference surfaces onto the posts of the horizontal gauge. A vertical downward force Fc of 1,0 N shall be exerted on the cartridge opposite each of the four posts.
B.5
Requirements Under the conditions of B.4, three of the four surfaces S1 to S4 shall be in contact with the annular surface of their respective posts, and any gap between the remaining surface S and the annular surface of its post shall not exceed 0,1 mm.
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FC
FC FC
FC
P2
P4
P1
P3
Figure B.1 - Compliance gauge
Db
Ha
Hb
-ZDa
Dc
P1, P2
P3, P4
Figure B.2 - Detail of posts
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Annex C (normative)
CRC for ID fields The 16 check bits of the CRC of the ID field shall be computed over the first three bytes of this field. The generator polynomial shall be 16
12
5
G(x) = x + x + x + 1 The residual polynomial is defined by
i = 23
i=7
i =8
i=0
R(x) = ∑ bi xi + ∑ bi x i x16 mod G ( x ) where bi denotes a bit of the first three bytes and b i an inverted bit. Bit b23 is the highest order bit of the first byte. The contents of the 16 check bits ck of the CRC are defined by k =15
Rc(x) = ∑ ck x k k =0
c15 is recorded in the highest order bit of the fourth byte in the ID field.
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Annex D (normative)
Format of the Data field of a sector D.1
Contents of Data field The bytes in the Data field constitute an ordered sequence An. The elements of An are, depending on the value of n: 1 ≤ n ≤ 512: An = Dn
user data bytes
513 ≤ n ≤ 516: An = Pm
bytes with non-specified content
517 ≤ n ≤ 526: An = Fl
reserved data and set to (FF)
527 ≤ n ≤ 530: An = Ck
CRC check bytes
531 ≤ n ≤ 610: An = Est
ECC check bytes,
where m = n - 512 l = n - 516 k = n - 526 s = [( n - 531 ) mod 5 ] + 1
n − 531 t = int +1 5 The notation int[x] denotes the largest integer not greater than x; (x mod y) denotes the remainder of the integer division x/y. The order of the user data bytes Dn is the same as the order in which they are input into the controller of the drive, i.e. D1 comes first. The Resync bytes are not included in An.
D.2
Interleaving Before the ECC and CRC bytes are calculated, the bytes in the Data field are five-way interleaved. For that purpose, the first four sub-groups of An are mapped onto a two-dimensional matrix Bij with 106 rows and 5 columns (see table D.1). Thus for 1 ≤ n ≤ 530: Bij = An where
n − 1 i = 105 − int 5 j = ( n - 1 ) mod 5
D.3 D.3.1
CRC and ECC General The CRC and ECC shall be computed over the Galois field based on the primitive polynomial
Gp(x) = x8 + x5 + x3 + x2 + 1 The elements of the field are ai = (βi)88, where β is a primitive root of Gp(x). The value of the n-th bit in a byte is the coefficient of the n-th power of β, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 7, when β is expressed on a polynomial basis.
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D.3.2
CRC The generator polynomial for the CRC bytes shall be i=139
Gc(x) = ∏ ( x + α i ) i=136
The four check bytes of the CRC shall be computed over the user data, the four Pm bytes and the ten Fl bytes. The information polynomial shall be
i=105 j = 4
i=1 j = 0
Ic(x) = ∑ ∑ (Bij )x i + (B0,0 )x 0 The contents of the four check bytes Ck of the CRC are defined by the residual polynomial 4
Rc(x) = Ic(x) x mod Gc(x) The storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomial are specified by k =4
Rc(x) = ∑ Ck x 4 − k k =1
D.3.3
ECC The primitive polynomial and the elements shall be as specified in D.3.1. The generator polynomial for the check bytes of the ECC shall be i=135
Ge(x) = ∏ ( x + α i ) i=120
The 80 check bytes of the ECC shall be computed over the user data, the four P m bytes, the ten Fl bytes and the four CRC bytes. The corresponding five information polynomials shall be i=105
Iej(x) = ∑ ( Bi, j ) x i
where 0 ≤ j ≤ 4
i= 0
The contents of the 16 check bytes Est for each polynomial Iej(x) are defined by the five residual polynomials
Rej(x) = Iej(x) x
16
mod Ge(x)
The storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomials are specified by t =16
Rej(x) = ∑ E( j + l ), t x 16−t t =1
The bits of the computed check bytes shall be inverted before they are encoded into Channel bits, as indicated by the use of E in the above formula and E in table D.1.
D.4
Resync The Resync fields shall be inserted in the Data field to prevent loss of byte synchronization and to limit the propagation of errors in the user data. Whilst they are numbered consecutively, all Resync fields are identical. They contain the following pattern in Channel bits which does not occur in user data. 0010 0000 0010 0100 The Resync field RSn shall be inserted between bytes A15n and A15n+1, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 40.
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D.5
Recording Sequence The bytes of the Data field shall be recorded on the disk immediately after the Sync field. Their order shall be according to the sequence A with the Resync bytes inserted as specified in D.4.
n
Table D.1 shows in matrix form the arrangement of the bytes. The sequence of recording is from left to right and top to bottom. The first three bytes SB1, SB2 and SB3 form the Data Sync field, which precedes the Data field. The first 106 rows of the Data field contain user data and a few bytes with unspecified contents and CRC data. The last 16 rows contain the ECC check bytes.
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Table D.1 - Data field configuration. The indices i and j of bytes Bij are given along the sides of the matrix Row No. i Colum
No. j
SB1
SB2
SB3
RS1
0 D1 D6 D11 D16
1 D2 D7 D12 D17
2 D3 D8 D13 D18
3 D4 D9 D14 D19
4 D5 D10 D15 D20
: : :
RS2 106 rows
RS33
16 rows
105 104 103 102
D501 D502 D503 D504 D505 D506 D507 D508 D509 D510 RS34 D511 D512 P1 P2 P3 P4 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 RS35 F10 C1 C2 C3 C4
: 5 4 3 2 1 0
E1,1 E1,2 RS36 E1,3 E1,4
-1 -2 -3 -4
E2,1 E2,2 E2,3 E2,4
E3,1 E3,2 E3,3 E3,4
E4,1 E4,2 E4,3 E4,4
E5,1 E5,2 E5,3 E5,4
RS40 E1,15 E2,15 E3,15 E4,15 E5,15 -15 E1,16 E2,16 E3,16 E4,16 E5,16 -16
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Annex E (normative)
Contents of the Control Zone
E.1
Structure of the Control Zone Sectors in the Control Zone shall contain embossed Headers, ODFs and embossed data in the Recording field. The total number of sectors used for the Control data shall be defined in the second byte of the Control data. The contents of sectors in the Control Zone shall be repeated each such number of sectors as defined in the second byte of the Control data.
E.2
Contents of the Control data Sectors in the Control Zone shall contain the Control data provided by the manufacturer of the media.
E.2.1
Byte 0 : Sector identifier This byte shall define an identification data for recognition of the Control Zone sectors. This byte defined in this ECMA Standard shall be (1A). Other setting shall be reserved and be ignored in this ECMA Standard.
E.2.2
Byte 1 : Number of sectors This byte shall define the number of sectors used for containing a series of the Control data.
E.2.3
Byte 2 : Sector number This byte shall define the sector number of the Control Zone sector.
E.2.4
Byte 3 : Generation number This byte shall define the generation of the media based on the recording density. This byte of the Control data defined in this ECMA Standard shall be (01) indicating a capacity of 650 Mbytes. Other settings are reserved.
E.2.5
Byte 4 : Media type This byte shall define the type of media. This ECMA Standard shall specify rewritable optical disk and write once optical disk using 780 nm laser and 2 026 rpm rotational speed. The following values shall be used for this ECMA Standard: (01) shall mean rewritable optical disk (Type R/W)using 780 nm laser and 2 026 rpm rotational speed. (02) shall mean write once optical disk (Type WORM) using 780 nm laser and 2 026 rpm rotational speed. Other setting shall be reserved and be ignored in this ECMA Standard.
E.2.6
Byte 5 : Media identifier This byte shall define the media identifier for the information recording depending on the recording layer of the media. This byte defined in this ECMA Standard shall be (00) or (A0). The values (AX), (BX), (CX), (DX), (EX) and (FX) shall be reserved for future use in order to identifying the future media characteristics. The value (00) shall require detailed definition for media sensitivity defined in bytes 200 to 239 in the Control data. The value (A0) shall be reserved in this ECMA Standard. Other setting shall be ignored in this ECMA Standard.
E.2.7
Bytes 6 to 7 : Start track address of user written data area These bytes shall define start track address of user written data area. These bytes shall be set to (00).
E.2.8
Bytes 8 to 9 : End track address of user written data area These bytes shall define end track address of user written data area. Byte 8 shall be set to (4F) and Byte 9 shall be set to (AF).
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E.2.9
Bytes 10 to 25 : Media manufacturer identification These bytes may be used for media manufacturer identification. The contents in these bytes shall be ignored in this ECMA Standard.
E 2.10 Bytes 26 to 199 : Reserved These bytes shall be reserved for future use and be set to (CC).
E.2.11 Bytes 200 to 239 : Write condition These bytes shall define the write condition for each band of the Data Zone. Each definition consists of 4 bytes and the definition of write condition for 10 bands shall be stored in these bytes. The first byte of each shall specify the write laser power on the entrance surface of the media for recording. It is specified as a number l such that l=
(actual write power in mW) 0,1
The second byte of each shall specify the erase laser power on the entrance surface of the media for recording. It is specified as a number m such that (actual erase power in mW) 0,1 The third byte of each shall specify the write pulse width of 3T signal. It is specified as a number n such that m=
(actual pulse width in ns) 0,5 The fourth byte of each shall specify the recording strategy if it is applied and set to (CC) if it is not applied. The value of this byte is not defined in this ECMA Standard when the recording strategy is applied. n=
The definition of these bytes are shown in table E.1.
E.2.12 Bytes 240 to 511 : Reserved These bytes shall be reserved for future use and be set to (CC).
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Table E.1 - Definition of write condition Byte Number 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239
Definition Write power l of Band 0 Erase power m of Band 0 Pulse width n of Band 0 Recording strategy of Band 0 Write power l of Band 1 Erase power m of Band 1 Pulse width n of Band 1 Recording strategy of Band 1 Write power l of Band 2 Erase power m of Band 2 Pulse width n of Band 2 Recording strategy of Band 2 Write power l of Band 3 Erase power m of Band 3 Pulse width n of Band 3 Recording strategy of Band 3 Write power l of Band 4 Erase power m of Band 4 Pulse width n of Band 4 Recording strategy of Band 4 Write power l of Band 5 Erase power m of Band 5 Pulse width n of Band 5 Recording strategy of Band 5 Write power l of Band 6 Erase power m of Band 6 Pulse width n of Band 6 Recording strategy of Band 6 Write power l of Band 7 Erase power m of Band 7 Pulse width n of Band 7 Recording strategy of Band 7 Write power l of Band 8 Erase power m of Band 8 Pulse width n of Band 8 Recording strategy of Band 8 Write power l of Band 9 Erase power m of Band 9 Pulse width n of Band 9 Recording strategy of Band 9
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Annex F (normative)
Definition of the overwrite pulse The waveform of the overwrite pulses shall be as given in figure F.1. This waveform shall have three level which are write power level, erase power level and read power level.
Laser Power
Write power level (Pw )
Erase power level (Pe)
Read power level (Pr )
Time Figure F.1 - The wave form of overwrite pulse The shape of the write pulse shall be as given in figure F.2. The rise and fall times Tr and Tf shall each be less than 10 nsec, when the write pulse width Tp exceeds 50 nsec. When Tp is less than 50 nsec, Tr and Tf shall each be less than 0,2 Tp nsec.
Tp
0,5P
0,9P
P
0,1P
Pw
Tr
Tf
Pe
P w : write power P e : erase power P : Pw-Pe
Figure F.2 - Definition of the pulse shape
T r : rise time T f : fall time T p : write pulse width
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Annex G (normative)
Air cleanliness class 100 000 The classification of air cleanliness is based on a particle count with a maximum allowable number of specified minimum sized particles per unit volume, and on a statistical average particle size distribution.
G.1
Definition The particle count shall not exceed a total of 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size 0,5 µm and larger. The statistical average particle size distribution is given in figure G.1. Class 100 000 means that 3 500 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 0,5 µm and larger are allowed, but only 25 000 particles per cubic metre of a size of 5,0 µm and larger. It should be recognized that single sample distribution may deviate from this curve because of local or temporary conditions. Counts below 350 000 particles per cubic metre are unreliable except when a large number of samplings is taken.
Test method For particles of sizes 0,5 µm to 5,0 µm, equipment employing light-scattering principles shall be used. The air in the controlled environment is sampled at a known flow rate. Particles contained in the sampled air are passed through an illuminated sensing zone in the optical chamber of the instrument. Light scattered by individual particles is received by a photo detector which converts the light pulses into electrical current pulses. An electronic system relates the pulse height to particle size and counts the pulses such that the number of particles in relation to particle size is registered or displayed.
100 000 000
Total number of particles per m3 equal to, or greater than, the stated particles size
G.2
10 000 000 1 000 000 100 000 10 000 1 000 100 0,1 0,5 1
5 10
Particle size in m m 94-0109-B
Figure G.1 - Particle size distribution curve
100
1 000
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Annex H (normative) Position of the cartridge relative to the reference planes This annex shows the position of the cartridge relative to the reference planes, as specified in 10.2.
S3 AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA A AA A AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA A AA A AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA A AA A AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA 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AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA
Y
Location hole
X
S1
Z
Alignment hole
S2
S4
Figure H.1 - Position of the cartridge
- 82 -
- 83 -
Annex J (normative)
Relaxation by zones of the requirements for signals Table J.1 shows the zones in which the requirements specified in the body of this ECMA Standard shall be satisfied and those in which they are relaxed. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAA AAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA
indicates the zones in which the values of the signals shall be within the range specified.
indicates the zones in which the range is extended from 80 % of the lower limit to 120 % of the upper limit. The requirement for uniformity is extended from ± 12 % to ± 20 %.
No marking indicates the zones for which the requirements are not applicable.
Table J.1 - Requirements for signals in each zone ZONES CLAUSE
SIGNAL
LEAD IN
TEST DRIVE
11.5.4
Reflectance
21.1.a)
PP
21.1.b)
PP
21.2.a)
DPP
21.2.b)
DPP (first) DPP (second)
21.3
On Track
22.1
SM
22.2
VFO1, VFO2
22.3
AM, ID, PA
23
Embossed Data
24.3.2
Write Power
24.4.1
Erase Power
25.1
Resolution
25.2
NBSNR
25.3
Cross Talk
26
Erase Char.
M.F.G
DATA SERVO
TEST SERVO
M.F.G
CONTROL DRIVE
ZONE
AAA AAA AAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAA AA AAAA AAA AAAA AAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AA AAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA A AAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAA AA AAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA A AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA A AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAA AA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AA AAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAA AA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA 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AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAA AA AAAA AAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA A AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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Annex K (informative)
Track deviation measurement The deviation of a track from its nominal location is measured in the same way as a drive sees a track, i.e. through a tracking servo. The strength of the reference servo used for the test is in general less than the strength of the same servo in a normal drive. The difference in strength is intended for margins in the drive. The deviation of the track is related to the tracking error between the track and the focus of the optical beam, remaining after the reference servo. The tracking error directly influences the performance of the drive, and is the best criterion for testing track deviations. The specification of the axial and radial track deviations can be described in the same terms. Therefore, this annex applies to both axial and radial track deviations.
K.1
Relation between requirements The acceleration required by the motor of the tracking servo to make the focus of the optical beam follow the tracks on the disk (see 11.4.6 and 11.4.8) is a measure for the allowed deviations of the tracks. An additional measure is the allowed tracking error between the focus and the track (see 20.2.4). The relation between both is given in figure K1, where the maximum allowed amplitude of a sinusoidal track deviation is given as function of the frequency of the deviation. It is assumed in the figure that there is only one sinusoidal deviation present at a time.
log (xmax)
e max log(f )
94-0145-A
Figure K .1 - Maximum allowed amplitude of a single, sinusoidal track deviation At low frequencies, the maximum allowed amplitude xmax is given by xmax = amax / (2π f)2,
(1)
where amax is the maximum acceleration of the servo motor. At high frequencies we have xmax = emax
(2)
where emax is the maximum allowed tracking error. The connection between both frequency regions is given in K.3.
- 86 -
K.2
Reference Servo The above restriction of the track deviations is equal to the restriction of the track deviations for a Reference Servo. A Reference Servo has a well-defined transfer function, and reduces a single, sinusoidal track deviation with amplitude xmax to a tracking error emax as in figure K.1. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo shall be
icω ω0 1 ω Hs(iω) = × 0 × iω c iω 1+ cω 0 2
1+
(3)
where i = -1 , ω = 2π f and ω0 = 2π f0, with f0 the 0 dB frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The constant c gives the cross-over frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo: the lead break frequency f1 = f0 / c and the lag break frequency f2 = f0 × c . The reduction of a track deviation x to a tracking error e by the reference servo is given by e x
=
1
(4)
1+ H s
If the 0 dB frequency is specified as ω0 =
(5)
a max c e max
then a low-frequency track deviation with an acceleration amax will be reduced to a tracking error emax, and a highfrequency track deviation will not be reduced. The curve in figure K.1 is given by xmax = emax | 1 + Hs |
(6)
The maximum acceleration required from the motor of this reference servo is amax(motor) = emax ω2 | 1 + Hs |
(7)
At low frequencies (f < f0 / c ) applies amax(motor) = amax(track) =
ω 0 2 e max c
(8)
Hence, it is permitted to use amax(motor) as specified for low frequencies in 11.4.6 and 11.4.8 for the calculation of ω0 of a reference servo.
K.3
Requirement for track deviations The track deviations shall be such that, when tracking with a Reference Servo on a disk rotating at the specified frequency, the tracking error shall not be larger than emax during more than 12 µs. The open-loop transfer function of the Reference Servo for axial and radial tracking shall be given by equation (3) within an accuracy such that |1 + H| does not differ by more than ± 20 % from its nominal value in a bandwidth from 30 Hz to 100 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The 0 dB frequency ω0 / (2π) shall be given by equation (5), where amax and emax for axial and radial tracking are specified in 20.2.4, 11.4.6 and 11.4.8.
K.4
Measurement implementation Three possible implementations for an axial or radial measurement system have been given below. Ha is the open-loop transfer function of the actual tracking servo of the drive, Hs is the transfer function for the Reference Servo as given in equation (3). x and y are the position of the track and the focus of the optical beam. es is the tracking error after a Reference Servo, which signal has to be checked according to the previous paragraph.
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POSITION SENSOR +
y +
SERVO
x
Filter 1 1 + Hs
es
ea
94-0081-A
Figure K.2 - Implementation of a Reference Servo by filtering the track position signal with the reduction characteristics of the Reference Servo
es
x
+
Hs Ha
Ha
y
94-0082-A
Figure K.3 - Implementation of a Reference Servo by changing the transfer function of the actual servo
e 1 + Ha s 1 + Hs
ea
x
+
Ha
es
y
94-0083-A
Figure K.4 - Implementation of a Reference Servo by changing the tracking error of the actual servo The optimum implementation depends on the characteristics of Ha and Hs. Good results for motors in leaf springs are often obtained by using separate circuits in a low and high frequency channel. The implementation of figure K.2 is used in the low-frequency channel, while figure K.3 or K.4 is used in the high-frequency channel. The signals from both channels are added with a reversed cross-over filter to get the required tracking error. In the low-frequency channel one can also use the current through the motor as a measure of the acceleration of the motor, provided the
- 88 -
latter is free from hysteresis. The current must be corrected for the transfer function of the motor and then be converted to a tracking error with a filter with a transfer function e/a = e/(xω2), derived from equation (4).
- 89 -
Annex L (informative)
Guidelines for sector replacement Clause 19 assumes that a sector is defective and will be replaced by the defect management, for instance when any of the following conditions exist: a) a sector has at least two of its three ID fields each with an error as detected by the CRC check; b) the Sector Mark cannot be recognized; c) a column in the Data field (see table D.1) contains more than three defective bytes An.
- 90 -
- 91 -
Annex M (informative)
Derivation of the operating climatic environment This annex gives some background on how some of the conditions of the operating environment in 8.1.2 have been derived.
M.1
Standard climatic environment classes The conditions of the ODC operating environment are, with a few exceptions mentioned below, based on parameter 1 values of the IEC Standard climatic environment class 3K3 described in IEC publication 721-3-3:1987 . This publication defines environmental classes for stationary use of equipment at weather-protected locations. The IEC class 3K3 refers to climatic conditions which "... may be found in normal living or working areas, e.g. living rooms, rooms for general use (theatres, restaurants, etc.), offices, shops, workshops for electronic assemblies and other electrotechnical products, telecommunication centres, storage rooms for valuable and sensitive products."
M.2
Overtemperature considerations While IEC class 3K3 defines the limits for the room climate only, the ODC operating environment specification in this ECMA Standard takes into consideration also system and drive overtemperature. This means that when inserted in a drive, the ODC will sense a temperature which is above the ambient room temperature. The figures in the operating environment specification have been calculated from the assumption that this overtemperature may be up to 20 °C.
M.3
Absolute humidity The introduction of the parameter absolute humidity [unit: g water / m3 of air] is very useful when studying overtemperature. When the temperature rises inside a drive, the relative humidity goes down but the absolute humidity remains substantially constant. So, making room for overtemperature in the operating environment specification affects not only the upper temperature limit but also the lower relative humidity limit. The relationship between these parameters is shown in the climatogram (the relative humidity versus temperature map) of the ODC operating environment, figure M.1. The absolute humidity restrictions influence the operating environment in the following two ways: a) Combinations of high temperatures and high relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations could have negative influence on the performance and the life of ODCs. b) Combinations of low temperatures and low relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations are very unlikely to occur in worldwide normal office environments.
M.4
Deviations from the IEC Standard environment class Apart from the changes introduced by the overtemperature considerations mentioned above, there are a few more parameter values which are not based on IEC class 3K3. These are: − Atmospheric pressure
1
Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities. Stationary use at weatherprotected locations.
- 92 -
The IEC class 3K3 lower limit of 70 kPa has been extended to 60 kPa. ODCs according to this ECMA Standard show no intrinsic pressure sensitivity and 70 kPa excludes some possible markets for ODCs. − Absolute humidity The IEC class 3K3 value for the upper limit of 25 g/m3 has been raised to 30 g/m3 in view of some expected operation in portable devices outside the controlled office environment. − Temperature The maximum temperature around the ODC, i.e. room temperature plus overtemperature, has been limited to 55 °C (while IEC class 3K3 + 20 °C would have become 60 °C). For ODCs according to this ECMA Standard, however, the 55 °C limit is considered to be a physical limit above which operation (as well as storage) is not safe. This means that equipment designers may want to ensure adequate cooling inside the drive especially when the room temperature approaches the upper IEC class 3K3 limit of 40 °C. − Further The rates of change (the gradients) of temperature and relative humidity are not according to IEC class 3K3.
M.5
Wet bulb temperature specifications Instead of specifying limits for the absolute humidity, some of the earlier standards for ODCs as well as those for other digital data storage media often used restrictions of the parameter wet bulb temperature
[unit: °C]
in order to avoid too severe combinations of high temperatures and high relative humidities. In order to facilitate comparisons between different specifications, figure M.2 and table M.1 show wet bulb temperatures of interest for the ODC operating environment, as well as for the testing and storage environments. Since wet bulb temperatures vary slightly with the atmospheric pressure, the diagram is valid for the normal pressure of 101,3 kPa only.
- 93 -
Absolute air humidity
( g/m3 )
Figure M.1 - Climatogram of IEC Class 3K3 and the ODC operating environment
- 94 -
Wet Bulb temperature (°C) -20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
100
A
G
90
B
H
Relative humidity (%)
80
70
30 g/m3 60
50
T T
I
40
30
C 20
1g/m3
F
10
D
E
0 -20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Air temperature (°C) ECMA-95-0186-A
Figure M.2 - Wet bulb temperatures of the operating and storage environments
70
- 95 -
Table M.1 - Position of the main points in figure M.2 Position
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Wet bulb temperature
A
31,7 °C
90,0 %
30,3 °C
B
32,8 °C
85,0 %
30,6 °C
C
55,0 °C
28,8 %
35,5 °C
D
55,0 °C
3,0 %
21,9 °C
E
31,7 °C
3,0 %
12,1 °C
F
5,0 °C
14,6 %
-1,4 °C
G
-10,0 °C
90,0 %
-10,3 °C
H
5,0 °C
85,0 %
4,0 °C
I
-10,0 °C
46,9 %
-11,8 °C
Test environment (T)
23,0 °C ± 2,0 °C
50,0 % ± 5,0 %
--------
Storage environment
is determined by A-B-C-D-E-F-I-G-A
Operating environment
is determined by B-C-D-E-F-H-B
- 96 -
- 97 -
Annex N (informative)
Transportation
N.1
General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world it is not possible to specify conditions for transportation or for packaging.
N.2
Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in the absence of such agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take account of the following hazards.
N.2.1
Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.
N.2.2
Impact loads and vibration a) Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the cartridge. b) Avoid dropping the cartridge. c) Cartridges should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock-absorbent material. d) The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.
- 98 -
- 99 -
Annex P (informative)
Office environment Due to their construction and mode of operation optical disk cartridges have considerable resistance to the effects of dust particles around and inside the disk drive. Consequently it is not generally necessary to take special precaution to maintain a sufficiently low concentration of dust particles. Operation in heavy concentrations of dust should be avoided, e.g. in a machine shop or on a building site. Office environment implies an environment in which personnel may spend a full working day without protection and without suffering temporary or permanent discomfort.
- 100 -
- 101 -
Annex Q (informative)
Measurement of birefringence
Q.1
Optical conditions Optical conditions shall be as defined in 9.2 a) to g)
Q.2
Measuring set-ups There are two possible set-ups for measurement of birefringence. In either case, the design of the optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface is minimized, so as not to influence accuracy of the measurement.
Q.2.1
First Set- up The first set-up for measuring birefringence of B is shown in figure Q.1. The light power which is emitted from the laser diode A is I. After passing through a beam splitter BS and a polarizing beam splitter E, the light is converted to right-handed circularly polarized light by a quarter-wave plate F. Approximately (1/2)I reaches the disk. If the reflectivity of the disk is R, (1/2)IR is reflected back. Due to the birefrengence of the disk, the reflected light is composed of a fraction (1-B) of the left-handed circularly polarized light and a fraction B of right-handed circularly polarized light. Then, (1/2)RI(1-B) arrives at the detector K2 and (1/4)RIB at the detector K1. The conversion factor from light intensity to current is given by C1 and C2 for the photodiode K1 and K2, respectively. Generated current of D1 and D2 at each detector are given as following. D1=(1/4)C1RIB and D2 =(1/2)C2 RI(1-B) The value of B can be estimated from the following equation. B=
D1 (1 / 4)C1 B = D1 + D2 (1 / 4)C1 B + (1 / 2)C 2 (1 − B )
The last equality holds when C1=2 C2. Any losses in the optical paths can be compensated for by fine-tuning the ratio C1/C2. The optical components shall be aligned such that in the absence of birefringence, D2 is at a maximum value and D1 as close to zero as possible.
Q.2.2
Second Set-up The second set-up measuring birefringence of B is shown in figure Q.2. The components shall be aligned in such a way that, in the absence of birefringence, D2 is at a maximum value and D1 at the a minimum value. P is a linear polarizer. The amount of light reaching D1 in the absence of birefringence is (1/8)RIB and that of D2 is (1/8)RI(1-B), assuming all non-polarizing beam splitters to be fifty-fifty splitters. The conversion factor are set to C1= C2 B=
D1 C1 B = D1 + D2 C1 B + C2 (1 − B)
- 102 -
J2
J1 C1
K1
D1
D2
C2
K2 Servo
I A
E BS
F G
A : Laser diode BS: Beam splitter E : Polarizing beam splitter F : Quarter-wave plate G : Objective lens H : Optical disk
H
J1 , J 2 : d.c.-coupled amplifiers K1 , K2 : Photodiode detectors
Figure Q.1 - Optical system of the birefringence measurement 1
Q.2.3
Calibration method There are two methods of calibration. Insert a sample with a known amount of birefringence in a parallel beam, and adjust C1 and C2 to give B the required value. In the second method, such an amount of birefringence is inserted, that D1 falls to half its value of non-birefringence case. C1 and C2 should be adjusted to make B = 0,5
- 103 -
A I Q Servo
BS P
K1
J1 C1
E
D1
K2
F
J2 C2
G
D2
H A : Laser diode BS: Beam splitter E : Beam splitter F : Quarter-wave plate G : Objective lens H : Optical disk
J 1 , J 2 : d.c.-coupled amplifiers K 1 , K 2 : Photodiode detectors P : Polarizing beam splitter Q : Polarizer
Figure Q.2 - Optical system of the birefringence measurement 2
Q.2.4
Conversion to the retardation The retardation d of the measured value B is given by the following equation.
B = sin 2 (πd / λ )
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ECMA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-1204 Geneva Switzerland This Standard ECMA-240 is available free of charge in printed form and as a file. See inside cover page for instructions