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ECMA-195 — Data interchange on 130 mm optical disk cartridges - Capacity: 2 Gigabytes per cartridge (June 1995)

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Standard ECMA-195 2nd E dition - J une 1995

Standardizing

Information

and

Communication

Systems

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges Capacity: 2 Gigabytes per Cartridge

Phone: +41 22 849.60.00

Fax: +41 22 849.60.01

URL: http://www.ecma.ch

Internet: [email protected]

Standard ECMA-195 2nd E dition - J une 1995

Standardizing

Information

and

Communication

Systems

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges Capacity: 2 Gigabytes per Cartridge

Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 MB- ECMA-195.DOC - 12.03.96 11,28

Fax: +41 22 849.60.01

URL: http://www.ecma.ch

Internet: [email protected]

Brief History

Technical Committee ECMA TC31 for Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC) was set up in 1984. The committee made major contributions to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC23 for the development of 130 mm WORM Optical Disk Cartridges (ISO/IEC 9171) and of 130 mm Rewritable Optical Disk Cartridges using M.O. (ISO/IEC 10089). ECMA produced camera-ready copies for these International Standards. In addition ECMA published the following Standards:

ECMA-130 (1988)

Data Interchange on Read-only 120 mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM)

ECMA-153 (1994)

Information Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of the Write Once, Read Multiple Type, using the Magneto-Optical Effect

ECMA-154 (1994)

Data Interchange on 90 mm Optical Disk Cartridges, Read Only and Rewritable, M.O.

ECMA-183 (1992)

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges - Capacity: 1 Gbyte per Cartridge

ECMA-184 (1992)

Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges - Capacity: 1,3 Gbytes per Cartridge

ECMA-201 (1994)

Data Interchange on 90 mm Optical Disk Cartridges - Capacity: 230 Mbytes per Cartridge

These ECMA Standards have been adopted unter the fast track procedure of ISO/IEC as International Standards ISO/IEC 10149, ISO/IEC 11560, ISO/IEC 10090, ISO/IEC 13841, ISO/IEC 13549 and ISO/IEC 13963, respectively. Standards ECMA-183 and ECMA-184 are the first of a series of ECMA Standards for ODCs of different capacities, based on the optical disk cartridge specified in ISO/IEC 10089. Whilst the latter specifies a fully re-writable disk, these ECMA Standards specify several related implementations depending on the application considered. Two or more Types are defined, including fully re-writable, partially pre-recorded and partially re-writable, fully pre-recorded disks or cartridges and those with write once, read multiple functionality. The present standard is a further ECMA Standard of this series. It specifies nine Types providing a capacity of 2 Gbytes per cartridge. It is identical to International Standard ISO/IEC 13842.

Adopted as 2nd Edition of Standard ECMA-195 by the ECMA General Assembly in June 1995.

- i -

Table of contents Section 1: General

1 Scope

2 Conformance

2.1 Optical Disk Cartridge (ODC) 2.2 Generating system 2.3 Receiving system 2.4 Compatibility statement

1 2 2 2

3 Reference

4 Definitions

4.1 band 4.2 case 4.3 clamping zone 4.4 control track 4.5 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 4.6 defect management 4.7 disk reference plane 4.8 entrance surface 4.9 Error Correction Code (ECC) 4.10 format 4.11 hub 4.12 interleaving 4.13 Kerr rotation 4.14 land and groove 4.15 logical track 4.16 mark 4.17 mark edge 4.18 mark edge recording 4.19 optical disk 4.20 optical disk cartridge (ODC) 4.21 physical track 4.22 polarization 4.23 pre-recorded mark 4.24 read power 4.25 recording layer 4.26 Reed-Solomon code 4.27 spindle 4.28 substrate 4.29 track pitch 4.30 write-inhibit hole 4.31 write once functionality 4.32 zone4

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

5 Conventions and notations

5.1 Representation of numbers 5.2 Names

4 4

6 List of acronyms

- ii -

7 General description of the optical disk cartridge

8 General requirements

8.1 Environments

8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation

5 6 6 6

8.2 Temperature shock 8.3 Safety requirements 8.4 Flammability

6 6 7

9 Reference Drive

9.1 Optical system 9.2 Optical beam 9.3 Read channels 9.4 Tracking 9.5 Rotation of the disk

7 9 9 9 9

Section 2 : Mechanical and physical characteristics

10 Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case

10.1 General description of the case 10.2 Relationship of Sides A and B 10.3 Reference axes and case reference planes 10.4 Case drawings 10.5 Dimensions of the case

10 10 10 10 10

10.5.1 Overall dimensions 10.5.2 Location hole 10.5.3 Alignment hole 10.5.4 Surfaces on Reference Planes P 10.5.5 Insertion slots and detent features 10.5.6 Gripper slots 10.5.7 Write-inhibit holes 10.5.8 Media sensor holes 10.5.9 Head and motor window 10.5.10 Shutter 10.5.11 Slot for shutter opener 10.5.12 Shutter sensor notch 10.5.13 User label areas

10 11 11 12 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 17

10.6 Mechanical characteristics

10.6.1 Materials 10.6.2 Mass 10.6.3 Edge distortion 10.6.4 Compliance 10.6.5 Shutter opening force

17 17 17 17 17

10.7 Drop test

11 Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk

11.1 General description of the disk 11.2 Reference axis and plane of the disk 11.3 Dimensions of the disk

18 18 18

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11.3.1 Hub dimension

11.4 Mechanical characteristics

11.4.1 Material 11.4.2 Mass 11.4.3 Moment of inertia 11.4.4 Imbalance 11.4.5 Axial deflection 11.4.6 Axial acceleration 11.4.7 Radial runout 11.4.8 Radial acceleration 11.4.9 Tilt

19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21

11.5 Optical characteristics

11.5.1 Index of refraction 11.5.2 Thickness 11.5.3 Birefringence 11.5.4 Reflectance

21 21 21 21

12 Interface between cartridge and drive

12.1 Clamping method 12.2 Clamping force 12.3 Capture cylinder 12.4 Disk position in the operating condition

21 21 22 22

Section 3 : Format of information

13 Track geometry

13.1 Track shape 13.2 Direction of track spiral 13.3 Track pitch 13.4 Logical track number 13.5 Physical track number

37 37 37 37 37

14 Track format

14.1 Physical track layout 14.2 Logical track layout 14.3 Radial alignment 14.4 Sector number

37 38 38 38

15 Sector format

15.1 Sector layout 15.2 Sector mark 15.3 VFO fields 15.4 Address Mark (AM) 15.5 ID fields 15.6 Postamble (PA) 15.7 Gap 15.8 Auto Laser Power Control (ALPC) 15.9 Sync 15.10 Data field

38 39 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42

15.10.1 User data bytes 15.10.2 CRC and ECC bytes 15.10.3 Bytes for control information (DMP) 15.10.4 Last bytes of the data field of the 512-byte sector format

42 42 42 43

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15.10.5 Resync bytes

15.11 Buffer field

16 Recording code

17 Formatted Zone

17.1 General description of the Formatted Zone 17.2 Division of the Formatted Zone

44 44

17.2.1 Lead-in Zone 17.2.2 Manufacturer Zones 17.2.3 User Zone 17.2.4 Reflective Zone 17.2.5 Control Track Zones

46 46 47 47 47

17.3 Control Track PEP Zone

17.3.1 Recording in the PEP Zone 17.3.2 Format of the tracks of the PEP Zone

47 48

17.4 Control Track SFP Zones

17.4.1 Duplicate of the PEP information 17.4.2 Media information 17.4.3 System Information

51 51 56

18 Layout of the User Zone

18.1 General description of the User Zone 18.2 Divisions of the User Zone 18.3 User Area 18.4 Defect Management Areas (DMAs) 18.5 Disk Definition Structure 18.6 Rewritable Zone

57 57 58 64 65 67

18.6.1 Location 18.6.2 Partitioning

68 68

18.7 Embossed Zone

18.7.1 Location 18.7.2 Partitioning 18.7.3 Parity sectors

68 68 68

18.8 Write Once Zone

18.8.1 Location 18.8.2 Partitioning

69 69

19 Defect Management in the Rewritable and Write Once Zones

19.1 Initialization of the disk 19.2 Certification

69 69

19.2.1 Slipping Algorithm 19.2.2 Linear Replacement Algorithm

69 70

19.3 Disks not certified 19.4 Write procedure 19.5 Primary Defect List (PDL) 19.6 Secondary Defect List (SDL)

70 70 70 71

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Section 4 : Characteristics of embossed information

20 Method of testing

20.1 Environment 20.2 Use of the Reference Drive

73 73

20.2.1 Optics and mechanics 20.2.2 Read power 20.2.3 Read channels 20.2.4 Tracking

73 73 73 73

20.3 Definition of signals

21 Signal from grooves

21.1 Cross-track signal modulation ratio 21.2 Cross-track minimum signal ratio 21.3 Push-pull ratio 21.4 Divided push-pull signal 21.5 On-track signal ratio 21.6 Phase depth 21.7 Track location

75 75 75 76 76 76 77

22 Signals from Headers

22.1 Sector Mark Signals 22.2 VFO signals 22.3 Address Mark, ID and PA signals 22.4 Timing jitter

77 77 77 77

23 Signals from embossed Recording fields

23.1 Signal amplitude 23.2 Modulation method offset 23.3 Timing Jitter

78 78 78

24 Signals from Control Track PEP marks

Section 5 : Characteristics of the recording layer

25 Method of testing

25.1 Environment 25.2 Reference Drive

80 80

25.2.1 Optics and mechanics 25.2.2 Read power 25.2.3 Read Channel 25.2.4 Tracking 25.2.5 Signal detection for testing purposes

80 80 80 80 80

25.3 Write conditions

25.3.1 Write pulse and power 25.3.2 Write magnetic field and temperature 25.3.3 2T and 4T pulse power determination 25.3.4 Media power sensitivity

81 81 81 81

25.4 Erase conditions

25.4.1 Erase power 25.4.2 Erase magnetic field

82 82

- vi -

25.5 Definition of signals

26 Magneto-optical characteristics

26.1 Figure of merit for magneto-optical signal 26.2 Imbalance of magneto-optical signal

82 82

27 Write characteristics

27.1 Resolution 27.2 Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio 27.3 Cross-talk ratio

83 83 84

27.3.1 Rewritable track test method 27.3.2 Embossed track test method

84 84

27.4 Timing Jitter 27.5 Media thermal build-up during mark formation

85 85

28 Erase power determination

Section 6 : Characteristics of user data

29 Method of testing

29.1 Environment 29.2 Reference Drive

87 87

29.2.1 Optics and mechanics 29.2.2 Read power 29.2.3 Read amplifiers 29.2.4 Mark Quality 29.2.5 Channel bit clock 29.2.6 Binary-to-digital converters 29.2.7 Error correction 29.2.8 Tracking

87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88

30 Minimum quality of a sector

30.1 Headers

30.1.1 Sector Mark 30.1.2 D fields

88 88

30.2 User-written data

30.2.1 Byte errors 30.2.2 Modulation method offset 30.2.3 Timing jitter

88 88 88

30.3 Embossed data

30.3.1 Byte errors 30.3.2 Modulation method offset 30.3.3 Timing jitter

88 89 89

31 Data interchange requirements

31.1 Tracking 31.2 User-written data 31.3 Embossed data 31.4 Quality of disk

89 89 89 89

- vii -

Annexes Annex A - Air cleanliness 100 000

Annex B - Edge distortion test

Annex C - Compliance test

Annex D - Test method for measuring the adsorbent force of the hub

Annex E - CRC for ID fields

Annex F - Interleave, CRC, ECC, Resync for the data field

101

Annex G - Determination of Resync pattern

107

Annex H - Read Channel for measuring C/N and jitter

113

Annex J - Timing jitter measuring procedure

115

Annex K - Definition of write pulse shape

117

Annex L - Measurement of figure of merit

119

Annex M - Implementation Independent Mark Quality Determination (IIMQD) for the interchange of recorded media

121

Annex N - Requirements for interchange

123

Annex P - Office environment

125

Annex Q - Derivation of the operating climatic environment

127

Annex R - Transportation

133

Annex S - Sector retirement guidelines

135

Annex T - Track deviation measurement

137

Annex U - Values to be implemented in existing and future standards

141

Annex V - Guidelines for the use of Type WO ODCs

143

- 1 -

Section 1: General 1

Scope This ECMA Standard specifies the characteristics of a series of related 130 mm optical disk cartridges (ODCs) by using a number of Type designations. The two sides of the disk, called Side A and Side B, with each a nominal storage capacity of 1 Gigabyte are given specific Type designations. Thus, Side A and Side B may be different types. Types R/W, R/W-R

provide for data to be written, read and erased many times over the whole of both recording surfaces of the corresponding disk side, using the thermo-magnetic and magneto-optical effects.

Types P-ROM, P-ROM-R

provide for part of both disk surfaces to be pre-recorded and reproduced by stamping or other means. This part of the disk is read without recourse to the magneticooptical effect. All parts which are not pre-recorded provide for data to meet the requirements of Types R/W and R/W-R, respectively.

Types O-ROM, O-ROM-R

provide for the whole of both disk surfaces to be pre-recorded and reproduced by stamping or other means. The disk sides are read without recourse to the magnetooptical effects.

Types WO, WO-R

provide write-once, read-multiple functionality using the thermo-magnetic and the magneto-optical effects.

Type B

indicates that the cartridge side shall not be used. This Type designation may be used for Side B only.

The suffix - R, which may be used for Side B only, indicates that the tracks of Side B spiral in the opposite direction to those on Side A. Such ODCs facilitate simultaneous access to both sides of the disk by a dual optical system. The 20 combinations of Types allowed by this ECMA Standard for the two sides of disks are specified in table 2 in 10.5.8. In addition, for each Type, this ECMA Standard provides for 512-byte and 1 024-byte sector sizes. All sectors of an ODC are the same size. This ECMA Standard specifies − the conditions for conformance testing and the Reference Drive; − the environments in which the cartridges are to be operated and stored; − the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the cartridge, so as to provide mechanical interchangeability between data processing systems; − the format of the information on the disk, both embossed and user-written, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correction codes, the modulation methods used; − the characteristics of the embossed information on the disk; − the magneto-optical characteristics of the disk, enabling processing systems to write data onto the disk; − the minimum quality of user-written data on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read data from the disk. This ECMA Standard provides for interchange between optical disk drives. Together with a Standard for volume and file structure it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical Disk Cartridge (ODC) An ODC claiming conformance with this ECMA Standard shall specify the Type of its two sides. It shall be in conformance if it meets all mandatory requirements specified herein for those Types of sides.

- 2 -

2.2

Generating system A claim of conformance with this ECMA Standard shall specify which of Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM, P-ROM-R, O-ROM, O-ROM-R, WO, WO-R, and B is(are) supported. A system generating an ODC for interchange shall be entitled to claim conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements of this Standard for the Type(s) supported.

2.3

Receiving system A claim of conformance with this ECMA Standard shall specify which Type(s) of side(s) is(are) supported. A system receiving an ODC for interchange shall be entitled to claim conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle any recording made on the cartridge according to 2.1 on the Types specified.

2.4

Compatibility statement A claim of conformance by a generating or receiving system with this ECMA Standard shall include a statement listing any other ECMA or International Optical Disk Cartridge Standard supported. This statement shall specify the number of the Standard(s), including, where appropriate, the ODC Type(s), or the Types of side, and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.

Reference ECMA-129

Information Technology Equipment - Safety

Definitions For the purpose of this ECMA Standard, the following definitions apply.

4.1

band An annular area within the user zone on the disk having a constant clock frequency.

4.2

case The housing for an optical disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.

4.3

clamping zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.

4.4

control track A track containing the information on media parameters and format necessary for writing, reading and erasing the remaining tracks on the optical disk.

4.5

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) A method for detecting errors in data.

4.6

defect management A method for handling the defective areas on the disk.

4.7

disk reference plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.8

entrance surface The surface of the disk on to which the optical beam first impinges.

4.9

Error Correction Code (ECC) An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.

4.10

format The arrangement or layout of information on the disk.

- 3 -

4.11

hub The central feature on the disk which interacts with the spindle of the disk drive to provide radial centring and the clamping force.

4.12

interleaving The process of allocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.

4.13

Kerr rotation The rotation of the plane of polarization of an optical beam upon reflection from the recording layer as caused by the magneto-optical Kerr effect.

4.14

land and groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land with which it is paired to form a track.

4.15

logical track Either 31 consecutive sectors for 512-byte sector disks or 17 consecutive sectors for disks with 1 024-byte sector in one or more physical tracks. The first sector of each logical track is assigned sector number 0.

4.16

mark A feature of the recording layer which may take the form of a magnetic domain, a pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks represents the data on the disk.. NOTE Subdivisions of a sector which are named "mark" are not marks in the sense of this definition.

4.17

mark edge The transition between a region with a mark and one without a mark or vice versa, along the track.

4.18

mark edge recording A recording method which uses a mark edge to represent a Channel bit.

4.19

optical disk A disk that will accept and retain information in the form of marks in a recording layer, that can be read with an optical beam.

4.20

optical disk cartridge (ODC) A device consisting of a case containing an optical disk.

4.21

physical track The path which is followed by the focus of the optical beam during one revolution of the disk. This path is not directly addressable.

4.22

polarization The direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam. NOTE The plane of polarization is the plane containing the electric vector and the direction of propagation of the beam. The polarization is right-handed when to an observer looking in the direction of propagation of the beam, the endpoint of the electric vector would appear to describe an ellipse in the clockwise sense.

4.23

pre-recorded mark A mark so formed as to be unalterable by magneto-optical means.

4.24

read power The read power is the optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, used when reading.

- 4 -

NOTE It is specified as a maximum power that may be used without damage to the written data. Lower power may be used providing that the signal-to-noise ratio and other requirements of this ECMA Standard are met.

4.25

recording layer A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use.

4.26

Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code which is particularly suited to the correction of errors which occur in bursts or are strongly correlated.

4.27

spindle The part of the disk drive which contacts the disk and/or hub.

4.28

substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.

4.29

track pitch The distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.

4.30

write-inhibit hole A hole in the case which, when detected by the drive to be open, inhibits both write and erase operations.

4.31

write once functionality A technique whereby a rewritable MO ODC is restricted to initialization and writing once only; erase is not permitted.

4.32

zone An annular area of the disk.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. It implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of +0,01, and a negative tolerance of -0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation. The setting of a bit is denoted by ZERO or ONE. Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are represented by strings of ZEROs and ONEs. Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are shown with the most significant bit to the left. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given in TWO's complement. In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (byte 0) is recorded first. Within each byte the least significant bit is numbered 0 and is recorded last, the most significant bit (numbered 7 in an 8-bit byte) is recorded first. This order of recording applies also to the data input of the Error Detection and Correction circuits and their output. Unless otherwise stated, groups of decimal digits of the form xx ... x/yy ... y indicate that the value xx ... x applies to 1 024-byte sectors and that the value yy ... y applies to 512-byte sectors.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with a capital initial.

- 5 -

List of acronyms ALPC AM CRC DDS DMA DMP ECC EDAC ID LBA LSB MO MSB ODC O-ROM PA PDL PEP P-ROM RLL(1,7) R-S R/W R-S/LDC SCSI SDL SFP SM VFO WO ZCAV

Auto Laser Power Control Address Mark Cyclic Redundancy Code Disk Definition Structure Defect Management Area Defect Management Pointers Error Correction Code Error Detection and Correction Code Identifier Logical Block Address Least Significant Byte Magneto-Optical Most Significant Byte Optical Disk Cartridge Optical Read Only Memory Postamble Primary Defect List Phase-Encoded Part of the Control Tracks Partial Read Only Memory Run Length Limited (code) Reed-Solomon (code) Rewritable Reed-Solomon Long Distance Code Small Computer System Interface Secondary Defect List Standard Formatted Part of the Control Tracks Sector Mark Variable Frequency Oscillator Write Once Zoned Constant Angular Velocity

General description of the optical disk cartridge The optical disk cartridge which is the subject of this ECMA Standard consists of a case containing an optical disk. The case is a protective enclosure for the disk. It has access windows covered by a shutter. The windows are automatically uncovered by the drive when the cartridge is inserted into it. The optical disk consists of two sides assembled together with their recording layers, if any, on the inside. The disk sides may be of different Types as specified in table 2. The optical disk may be recordable on both sides which may be read and written simultaneously. Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of magnetic domains in the recording layer and can be erased from it with a focused optical beam, using the thermo-magnetic effect. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using the magnetooptical effect. The beam accesses the recording layer through the transparent substrate of the disk side. Part of the disk or the entire disk may contain read-only data in the form of pre-embossed pits. This data can be read using the diffraction of the optical beam by the embossed pits. The entire disk may be used for write once recording of data using the thermo-magnetic effect. This data can be read using the magneto-optical effect.

General requirements

8.1 8.1.1

Environments Test environment The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties:

- 6 -

temperature relative humidity atmospheric pressure air cleanliness

: 23 °C ± 2 °C : 45 % to 55 % : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : Class 100 000 (see annex A)

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. Before testing, the optical disk cartridge shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2

Operating environment This ECMA Standard requires that an optical disk cartridge which meets all requirements of this ECMA Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature : 5 °C to 55 °C relative humidity : 3 % to 85 % absolute humidity : 1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3 atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa temperature gradient : 10 °C/h max. relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max. air cleanliness : office environment (see annex P) magnetic field strength at the recording layer for any condition under which a beam is in focus : 32 000 A/m max. Magnetic field strength at the recording layer during any other condition : 48 000 A/m max. No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. If an optical disk cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 hours before use. (See also annex Q).

8.1.3

Storage environment The optical disk cartridge without any protective enclosure shall not be stored in an environment outside the range allowed for storage. The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient air cleanliness magnetic field strength at the recording layer

: -10 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 90 % : 1 g/m3 to 30 g/m3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 15 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max. : office environment (see annex P) : 48 000 A/m max.

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. 8.1.4

Transportation This ECMA Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex R.

8.2

Temperature shock The optical disk cartridge shall withstand a temperature shock of up to 20 °C when inserted into, or removed from, the drive.

8.3

Safety requirements The cartridge shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-129, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.

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8.4

Flammability The cartridge and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-129.

Reference Drive The Reference Drive is a drive several critical components of which have well defined properties and which is used to test write, read and erase parameters of the disk for conformance to this ECMA Standard. The critical components vary from test to test. This clause gives an outline of all components; components critical for tests in specific clauses are specified in those clauses.

9.1

Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the write, read and erase parameters is shown in figure 1. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in figure 1. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.

- 8 -

I 1

I 2

K 3

Ch.2 K 2

L 2

Ch.1

K 1

N H

C A

9 5 -0 0 4 1 -A

A B C Ch.1 Ch.2 D E F

Laser diode Collimator lens Optional shaping prism Channel 1 Channel 2 Beam splitter Polarizing beam splitter Objective lens

G H I1,I2 J K1,K2 K3 L1,L2 M N

Optical disk Optional half-wave plate Tracking signals from photodiode K3 Polarizing beam splitter Photodiodes for channels 1 and 2 Split photodiode DC-coupled amplifiers Tracking Channel (see 20.3) Phase retarder

Figure 1 - Optical system of the Reference Drive In the absence of polarization changes in the disk, the polarizing beam splitter J shall be aligned to make the signal of detector K1 equal to that of detector K2. The direction of polarization in this case is called the neutral direction. The phase retarder I shall be adjusted such that the optical system does not have more than 2,5° phase retardation between the neutral polarization and the polarization perpendicular to it. This position of the retarder is called the neutral position. The phase retarder can be used for the measurement of the narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio (see 26.2). The beam splitter J shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100. The beam splitter E shall have an intensity reflectance Rp from F to H of nominally 0,30 for the neutral polarization direction. The reflectance Rs for the polarization perpendicular to the neutral direction shall be nominally 0,95. The actual value of Rs shall not be smaller than 0,90. The imbalance of the magneto-optical signal is specified for a beam splitter with nominal reflectance. If the measurement is made on a drive with reflectances R’p and R’s for beam splitter E, then the measured imbalance shall be multiplied by

RsR 'p R pR 's to make it correspond to the nominal beam splitter E.

- 9 -

The output of Channel 1 is the sum of the currents through photodiodes K1 and K2, and is used for reading embossed marks. The output of Channel 2 is the difference between photo-diode currents, and is used for reading user-written marks with the magneto-optical effect. NOTE For Type - R sides, the optical system shall be duplicated such that measurements on both sides of the disk may be taken without flipping the disk.

9.2

Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing, reading and erasing data shall have the following properties: a) Wavelength ( λ )

+15 nm

780 nm -10 nm

b) Wavelength ( λ ) divided by the numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA)

λ / NA = 1,423 µm ± 0,023 µm

c) Filling D/W of the aperture of the objective lens

1,0 max.

d) Variance of the wavefront of the optical beam near the recording layer

λ2/ 180 max.

e) Polarization

Linear - parallel or perpendicular to the groove where appropriate

f) Extinction ratio

0,01 max.

g) The optical power and pulse width for writing, reading and erasing, and the magnetic field shall be as specified in 20.2.2, 25.2.2, 25.3, 25.4 and 29.2.2. D is the diameter of the lens aperture and W is the beam diameter of the Gaussian beam where the intensity is 1/e2 of the maximum intensity. The extinction ratio is the ratio of the minimum over the maximum power observed behind a linear polarizer in the optical beam, which is rotated over at least 180°.

9.3

Read channels Two read channels shall be provided to generate signals from the marks in the recording layer. Channel 1 shall be used for reading the embossed marks, using the diffraction of the optical beam by the marks. Channel 2 shall be used for reading the user-written marks, using the rotation of the polarization of optical beam due to the magnetooptical effect of the marks. The read amplifiers after the photo-detectors in Channel 1 and Channel 2 shall have a flat response within ±1 dB from 100 Hz to 25 MHz. The signal from Channel 2 is not equalized before detection. The signal should be low-pass filtered with a 3-pole Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of one half the Channel clock frequency.

9.4

Tracking The Tracking Channel of the drive provides the tracking error signals to control the servos for the axial and radial tracking of the optical beam. The method of generating the axial tracking error is not specified for the Reference Drive. The radial tracking error is generated by a split photodiode detector in the tracking Channel. The division of the diode runs parallel to the image of the tracks on the diode. The requirements for the accuracy with which the focus of the optical beam must follow the tracks is specified in 20.2.4.

9.5

Rotation of the disk The spindle shall position the disk as specified in 12.4. It shall rotate the disk at 50,0 Hz ± 0,5 Hz. The direction of rotation shall be as specified in 10.5.8.

- 10 -

Section 2 : Mechanical and physical characteristics 10

Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case

10.1

General description of the case The case (see figure 3) is a rigid protective container of rectangular shape. It has spindle windows on both sides to allow the spindle of the drive to clamp the disk by its hub. Both sides of the case have a head window, one for the optical head of the drive, the other for the magnetic head providing the necessary magnetic fields, which also allow for simultaneous read and write of both sides of the media. A shutter uncovers the windows upon insertion into the drive, and automatically covers them upon removal from the drive. The case has write-inhibit, reflectance detection, and rotation direction detection features, and gripper slots for an autochanger.

10.2

Relationship of Sides A and B The features essential for physical interchangeability are represented in figure 3. When Side A of the cartridge faces upwards, Side A of the disk faces downwards. Sides A and B of the case are identical as far as the features given here are concerned, except as noted below. The description is given for one side only. References to Sides A and B can be changed to B or A respectively. Only the shutter and the slot for the shutter opener, described in 10.5.10 and 10.5.11, are not identical for both sides of the case.

10.3

Reference axes and case reference planes There is a reference plane P for each side of the case. Each reference plane P contains two orthogonal axes X and Y to which the dimensions of the case are referred. The intersection of the X and Y axes defines the centre of the location hole. The X axis extends through the centre of the alignment hole.

10.4

Case drawings The case is represented schematically by the following drawings. − Figure 2 shows the hub dimensions. − Figure 3 shows a composite drawing of Side A of the case in isometric form, with the major features identified from Side A. − Figure 4 shows the envelope of the case with respect to a location hole at the intersection of the X and Y axes and reference plane P. − Figure 5 shows the surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 which establish the reference plane P. − Figure 5a shows the details of surface S3. − Figure 6 shows the details of the insertion slot and detent. − Figure 7 shows the gripper slots, used for automatic handling. − Figure 8 shows the write-inhibit holes. − Figure 9 shows the media ID sensor holes. − Figure 10 shows the shutter sensor notch. − Figure 11 shows the head and motor window. − Figure 12 shows the shutter opening features. − Figure 13 shows the capture cylinder. − Figure 14 shows the user label areas.

10.5

Dimensions of the case The dimensions of the case shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the case in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause.

10.5.1

Overall dimensions The total length of the case (see figure 4) shall be L1 = 153,0 mm ± 0,4 mm The distance from the top of the case to the reference axis X shall be L2 = 127,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The distance from the bottom of the case to the reference axis X shall be

- 11 -

L3 = 26,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The total width of the case shall be + 0,0 mm

L4 = 135,0 mm

- 0,6 mm

The distance from the left-hand side of the cartridge to the reference axis Y shall be + 0,0 mm

L5 = 128,5 mm

- 0,5 mm

The distance from the right-hand side of the cartridge to the reference axis Y shall be L6 = 6,5 mm ± 0,2 mm The width shall be reduced on the top by the radius R1 = L4 originating from a point defined by L5 and L7 = 101,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The two corners of the top shall be rounded with a radius R2 = 1,5 mm ± 0,5 mm and the two corners at the bottom with a radius R3 = 3,0 mm ± 1,0 mm The thickness of the case shall be L8 = 11,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The eight long edges of the case shall be rounded with a radius R4 = 1,0 mm max. 10.5.2

Location hole The centre of the location hole (see figure 4) shall coincide with the intersection of the reference axes X and + 0,00 mm

L9 = 4,10 mm

- 0,06 mm

held to a depth of L10 = 1,5 mm (i.e. typical wall thickness) after which a cavity extends through to the alignment hole on the opposite side of the case. The lead-in edges shall be rounded with a radius R5 = 0,5 mm max. 10.5.3

Alignment hole The centre of the alignment hole (see figure 4) shall lie on reference axis X at a distance of L11 = 122,0 mm ± 0,2 mm from the reference axis Y. The dimensions of the hole shall be + 0,00 mm

L12 = 4,10 mm

- 0,06 mm

and

- 12 -

+ 0,2 mm

L13 = 5,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

held to a depth of L10, after which a cavity extends through to the location hole on the opposite side of the case. The lead-in edges shall be rounded with radius R5. 10.5.4

Surfaces on Reference Planes P The reference plane P (see figures 5 and 5a) for a side of the case shall contain four surfaces (S1, S2, S3 and S4) on that side of the case, specified as follows: − Two circular surfaces S1 and S2. Surface S1 shall be a circular area centred around the square location hole and have a diameter of D1 = 9,0 mm min. Surface S2 shall be a circular area centred around the rectangular alignment hole and have a diameter of D2 = 9,0 mm min. − Two elongated surfaces S3 and S4, that follow the contour of the cartridge and shutter edges. Surfaces S3 and S4 are shaped symmetrically. Surface S3 shall be defined by two circular sections with radii R6 = 1,5 mm ± 0,1 mm with an origin given by L14 = 4,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L15 = 86,0 mm ± 0,3 mm, and R7 = 1,5 mm ± 0,1 mm with an origin given by L16 = 1,9 mm ± 0,1 mm L17 = 124,5 mm ± 0,3 mm The arc with radius R7 shall continue on the right hand side with radius + 0,2 mm

R8 = 134,0 mm

- 0,7 mm

which is a dimension resulting from L5 + L14 + R6 with an origin given by L5 and L7. A straight, vertical line shall smoothly join the arc of R6 to the arc of R8. The left-hand side of S3 shall be bounded by radius R9 = 4,5 mm ± 0,3 mm which is a dimension resulting from L18 + L14 - R6 with an origin given by L18 = 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L19 = 115,5 mm ± 0,3 mm. The left-hand side of the boundary shall be closed by two straight lines. The first one shall smoothly join the arc of R6 to the arc of R9. The second one shall run from the left hand tangent of R7 to its intersection with R9. Along the left hand side of surface S3 there shall be a zone to protect S3 from being damaged by the shutter. In order to keep this zone at a minimum practical width R10 = 4,1 mm max. This radius originates from the same point as R9.

- 13 -

10.5.5

Insertion slots and detent features The case shall have two symmetrical insertion slots with embedded detent features (see figure 6). The slots shall have a length of L20 = 26,0 mm ± 0,3 mm a width of + 0,3 mm

L21 = 6,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

and a depth of L22 = 3,0 mm ± 0,1 mm located L23 = 2,5 mm ± 0,2 mm from reference plane P. The slots shall have a lead-in chamfer given by L24 = 0,5 mm max. L25 = 5,0 mm max. The detent notch shall be a semi-circle of radius R11 = 3,0 mm ± 0,2 mm with the origin given by L26 = 13,0 mm ± 0,3 mm L27 = 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm L73 = 114,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The dimensions L2, L26, L73 are interrelated, their values shall be such so that they are all three within specification. 10.5.6

Gripper slots The case shall have two symmetrical gripper slots (see figure 7) with a depth of L28 = 5,0 mm ± 0,3 mm from the edge of the case and a width of L29 = 6,0 mm ± 0,3 mm The upper edge of a slot shall be L30 = 12,0 mm ± 0,3 mm above the bottom of the case.

10.5.7

Write-inhibit holes Sides A and B shall each have a write-inhibit hole (see figure 8). The case shall include a device for opening and closing each hole. The hole at the left-hand side of Side A of the case, is the write-inhibit hole for Side A of the disk. The protected side of the disk shall be made clear by inscriptions on the case or by the fact that the device for Side A of the disk can only be operated from Side A of the case. When writing on Side A of the disk is not allowed, the write-inhibit hole shall be open all through the case. It shall have a diameter D3 = 4,0 mm min. Its centre shall be specified by

- 14 -

L31 = 8,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L32 = 111,0 mm ± 0,3 mm on Side A of the case. When writing is allowed on Side A of the disk, the write-inhibit hole shall be closed on Side A of the case, at a depth of typically L10, i.e. the wall thickness of the case. In this state, the opposite side of the same hole, at Side B of the case, shall be closed and not recessed from the reference plane P of Side B of the case by more than L33 = 0,5 mm The opposite side of the write-inhibit hole for protecting Side B of the disk shall have a diameter D3. Its centre shall be specified by L31 and L34 = 11,0 mm ± 0,2 mm on Side A of the case. 10.5.8

Media sensor holes There shall be two sets of four media sensor holes (see figure 9). The set of holes at the lower left hand corner of Side A of the case pertains to Side A of the disk. The holes shall extend through the case, and have a diameter of + 0,3 mm

D4 = 4,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

the positions of their centres shall be specified by L32, L34 and L35 = 19,5 mm ± 0,2 mm L36 = 17,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L37 = 23,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L38 = 29,0 mm ± 0,2 mm L39 = 93,0 mm ± 0,3 mm L40 = 99,0 mm ± 0,3 mm L41 = 105,0 mm ± 0,3 mm A hole is deemed to be open when there is no obstruction in this hole over a diameter D4 all through the case. A hole for Side A of the disk is deemed to be closed, when the hole is closed on both Side A and Side B of the case. The closure shall be recessed from reference plane P by L42 = 0,1 mm max. The holes are numbered consecutively from 1 to 4. Number 1 is the hole closest to the left hand edge of the case. Hole No. 1 shall indicate high reflectance of Type O-ROM disks. The hole shall be open for a Type O-ROM disk with high reflectance. The hole shall be closed for ODCs of Type R/W, P-ROM, and WO specified by this ECMA Standard. Hole No. 2 shall indicate whether Side B shall not be used, in which case the hole shall be open. When Side B shall be used, the hole shall be closed. Hole No. 3 shall indicate the required direction of disk rotation. The hole shall be open to indicate that the direction of rotation as viewed from the objective lens shall be clockwise. The hole shall be closed to indicate that the direction of rotation as viewed from the objective lens shall be counter clock-wise. An optical disk cartridge conforming to this ECMA Standard does not use hole No. 4. The hole shall be closed. The meaning of the holes shall be as in table 1. The combinations of open and closed holes permitted according to this ECMA Standard shall be as shown in table 2.

- 15 -

Table 1 - Media sensor holes Sensor hole No.

Indication

Closed

Open

Reflectance range of disks

Low reflectance

High reflectance

Disk side accessible

Yes

Required direction of rotation of disk

Counterclock-wise

Clock-wise

Not used

Always

Table 2 - Allowed settings of media sensor holes Hole No.

Side A

→

1234 CCCC

CCCC

CCCC CCCC OCCC OCCC OCCC OCCC OCCC Legend: 10.5.9

Type of side R/W R/W P-ROM P-ROM WO R/W R/W P-ROM P-ROM WO R/W P-ROM WO R/W R/W O-ROM O-ROM O-ROM O-ROM O-ROM

Side B 1234 CCCC

CCOC

COCC

OCCC OCOC OCCC OCOC CCCC CCOC COCC

Type of side R/W P-ROM R/W P-ROM WO R/W-R P-ROM-R R/W-R P-ROM-R WO-R B B B O-ROM O-ROM-R O-ROM O-ROM-R R/W R/W-R B

C = closed hole O = open hole

Head and motor window The case shall have a window on each side to enable the optical head and the motor to access the disk (see figure 11). The dimensions are referenced to a centreline, located at a distance of L46 = 61,0 mm ± 0,2 mm to the left of reference axis Y. The width of the head access shall be L47 = 20,00 mm min. L48 = 20,00 mm min. and its height shall extend from L49 = 118,2 mm min. to L50 = 57,0 mm max.

- 16 -

The four inside corners shall be rounded with a radius of R12 = 3,0 mm max. The motor access has a diameter of D5 = 35,0 mm min. and its centre shall be defined by L46 and L51 = 43,0 mm ± 0,2 mm 10.5.10

Shutter The case shall have a spring-loaded, unidirectional shutter (see figure 12) with an optional latch, designed to completely cover the head and motor windows when closed. A shutter movement of 41,5 mm minimum shall be sufficient to ensure that the head and motor window is opened to the minimum size specified in 10.5.9. The shutter shall be free to slide in a recessed area of the case in such a way as to ensure that the overall thickness of the case and shutter shall not exceed L8. The right-hand side of the top of the shutter shall have a lead-in ramp with an angle A2 = 16° max. The distance from the reference planes P to the nearest side of the ramp shall be L52 = 2,5 mm max. The left hand side of the shutter shall not extend closer than L52B = 14,0 mm min. to the datum plane.

10.5.11

Slot for shutter opener The shutter shall have only one slot (see figure 12) in which the shutter opener of the drive can engage to open the shutter. The slot shall be dimensioned as follows: When the shutter is closed, the vertical edge used to push the shutter open shall be located at a distance of L53 = 34,5 mm ± 0,5 mm from reference axis Y on Side B of the case. The length of the slot shall be L54 = 4,5 mm ± 0,1 mm and the angle of the lead-out ramp shall be A3 = 52,5° ± 7,5°. The depth of the slot shall be L55 = 3,5 mm ± 0,1 mm The width of the slot from the reference plane P of Side B of the case shall be + 0,5 mm

L56 = 6,0 mm

- 0,0 mm

If a shutter latch is employed, the distance between the latch and reference plane P of Side B of the case shall be L57 = 2,5 mm max. The edges of the case beneath the shutter, upon which the shutter door opening mechanism may slide, shall have a thickness of B1 = 1,0 mm min. located at B2 = 0,9 mm max.

- 17 -

from plane P (see detail A in figure 12). The edges shall also be straight to within STR (straightness of surface) = 0,2 mm in both planes for length C1. (See detail in figure 12. Length C1 is defined by the manufacturer’s shutter design.). 10.5.12

Shutter sensor notch The shutter sensor notch (see figure 10) is used to ensure that the shutter is fully open after insertion of the optical disk cartridge into the drive. Therefore, the notch shall be exposed only when the shutter is fully open. The dimensions shall be L43 = 3,5 mm ± 0,2 mm L44 = 71,0 mm ± 0,3 mm and + 0,0 mm

L45 = 9,0 mm

- 2,0 mm

The notch shall have a lead-out ramp with an angle A1 = 45° ± 2° 10.5.13

User label areas The case shall have the following minimum areas for user labels (see figure 14): − on Side A and Side B: 35,0 mm x 65,0 mm − on the bottom side: 6,0 mm x 98,0 mm These areas shall be recessed by 0,2 mm min. Their positions are specified by the following dimensions and relations between dimensions.

10.6

L61

= 4,5 mm min.

L62 - L61

= 65,0 mm min.

L64 - L63

= 35,0 mm min.

L65

= 4,5 mm min.

L66 - L65

= 65,0 mm min.

L67 + L68

= 35,0 mm min.

L8 - L71 - L72

= 6,0 mm min.

L4 - L69 - L70

= 98,0 mm min.

Mechanical characteristics All requirements of this clause shall be met in the operating environment.

10.6.1

Materials The case shall be constructed from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this ECMA Standard.

10.6.2

Mass The mass of the case without the optical disk shall not exceed 150 g.

10.6.3

Edge distortion The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the edge distortion test defined in annex B.

10.6.4

Compliance The cartridge shall meet the requirement of the compliance (flexibility) test defined in annex C. The requirement guarantees that a cartridge can be constrained in the proper plane of operation within the drive.

10.6.5

Shutter opening force The spring force on the shutter shall be such that the force required to open the shutter does not exceed 3 N. It shall be sufficiently strong to close a free-sliding shutter, irrespective of the orientation of the case.

- 18 -

10.7

Drop test The optical disk cartridge shall withstand dropping on each surface and on each corner from a height of 760 mm on to a concrete floor covered with a vinyl layer 2 mm thick. The cartridge shall withstand all such impacts without any functional failure.

Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk

11.1

General description of the disk The disk shall consist of two sides assembled together. Each disk side shall consist of a circular substrate with a hub on one face and a recording layer coated on the other face. The recording layer may be protected from environmental influences by a protective layer. The Formatted Zone (see clause 17) of the substrate shall be transparent to allow an optical beam to focus on the recording layer through the substrate. The two disk sides shall be assembled together with the recording layer facing inwards. The circular hubs are in the centre of the disk. They interact with the spindle of the drive, and provide the radial centring of the clamping force.

11.2

Reference axis and plane of the disk Some dimensions of the hub are referred to a Disk Reference Plane P (see figure 2). The Disk Reference Plane P is different from that described in 10.3 for the cartridge. P is defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation of this spindle. This axis A passes through the centre of the centre hole of the hub, and is normal to Disk Reference Plane P.

11.3

Dimensions of the disk The dimensions of the disk shall be measured in the test environment. The dimensions of the disk in an operating environment can be estimated from the dimensions specified in this clause. The outer diameter of the disk shall be 130,0 mm nominal. The tolerance is determined by the movement of the disk inside the case allowed by 12.3 and 12.4. The total thickness of the disk outside the hub area shall be 2,40 mm min. and 2,80 mm max. NOTE Disks that conform to ISO/IEC 10089 are known to exist which have a total thickness of 3,2 mm. Within the zone defined by the outer diameter of the clamping zone (D6) and the inner diameter of the reflective zone (see clause 17) there shall be no projection from the Disk Reference Plane P in the direction of the optical system of more than 0,2 mm.

11.3.1

Hub dimension The outer diameter of the hub (see figure 2) shall be + 0,0 mm

D8 = 25,0 mm

- 0,2 mm

The height of the hub shall be + 0,0 mm

h1 = 2,2 mm

- 0,2 mm

The diameter of the centre hole of the hub shall be + 0,012 mm

D9 = 4,004 mm

- 0,000 mm

The height of the top of the centring hole at diameter D9, measured above the Disk Reference Plane P, shall be h2 = 1,9 mm min.

- 19 -

The centring length at diameter D9 shall be h3 = 0,5 mm min. The hole shall have a diameter larger than, or equal to, D9 between the centring length and the Disk Reference Plane P. The hole shall extend through the substrate. There shall be a radius at the rim of the hub at diameter D9 with height h4 = 0,2 mm ± 0,1 mm At the two surfaces which it intersects, the radius shall be blended to prevent offsets or sharp ridges. The height of the chamfer at the rim of the hub at diameter D8 shall be + 0,2 mm

h5 = 0,2 mm

- 0,0 mm

The angle of the chamfer shall be 45°, or a corresponding full radius shall be used. The outer diameter if the magnetizable ring shall be D10 = 19,0 mm min. The inner diameter of the magnetizable ring shall be D11 = 8,0 mm max. This thickness of the magnetizable material shall be h6 = 0,5 mm min. The position of the top of the magnetizable ring relative to the Disk Reference Plane P shall be + 0,0 mm

h7 = 2,2 mm

- 0,1 mm

The outer diameter of the clamping zone shall be D6 = 35,0 mm min. The inner diameter of the zone shall be D7 = 27,0 mm max.

11.4

Mechanical characteristics All requirements in this clause must be met in the operating environment.

11.4.1

Material The disk shall be made from any suitable materials such that it meets the requirements of this ECMA Standard. The only material properties specified by this ECMA Standard are the magnetic properties of the magnetizable zone in the hub (see 11.3.1) and the optical properties of the substrate in the Formatted Zone (see 11.5).

11.4.2

Mass The mass of the disk shall not exceed 120 g.

11.4.3

Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,22 g.m2.

11.4.4

Imbalance The imbalance of the disk relative to axis A shall not exceed 0,01 g.m.

11.4.5

Axial deflection The axial deflection of the disk is measured as the axial deviation of the recording layer. Thus it comprises the tolerances on the thickness of the substrate, on its index of refraction and the deviation of the entrance surface from the Disk Reference Plane P on each side of the disk. The nominal position of the recording layer with respect to the Disk Reference Plane P on each side of the disk is determined by the nominal thickness of the substrate.

- 20 -

The deviation of any point of the recording layer from its nominal position, in a direction normal to the Disk Reference Plane, shall not exceed ± 0,22 mm for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5. For Type R disks, this requirement shall also be met for each side of the disk when measured with the disk accessed from both sides. The deviation shall be measured by the optical system defined in clause 9. 11.4.6

Axial acceleration The maximum allowed axial error emax(see annex T) shall not exceed ± 1,0 µm, measured using the Reference Drive for axial tracking of the recording layer. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function

H s ( iω ) =

3 iω

1  ω0  ω0 ×  × 3  iω  1 + iω 3ω0 2

where ω = 2πf ω0/2π = 1 600 Hz i=

or any other servo with 1+H within 20% of 1+Hs in the bandwidth of 50 Hz to 170 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 33,4 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. For Type - R disks, this requirement shall also be met for each side of the disk when measured with the disk accessed from both sides. 11.4.7

Radial runout The radial runout of the tracks in the recording layer in the Information zone is measured as seen by the optical head of the Reference Drive. Thus it includes the distance between the axis of rotation of the spindle and reference axis A, the tolerances on the dimensions between axis A and the location of the track, and effects of non-uniformity's in the index of refraction. The difference between the maximum and the minimum distance of any track from the axis of rotation, measured along a fixed radial line over one physical track of the disk, shall not exceed 50 µm as measured by the optical system under conditions of a hub mounted on a perfect sized test fixture shaft, for rotational frequencies of the disk as specified in 9.5. For Type - R disks, this requirement shall also be met for each side of the disk when measured with the disk accessed from both sides.

11.4.8

Radial acceleration The maximum allowed radial error emax (see annex T) shall not exceed ± 0,15 µm, measured using the Reference Drive for radial tracking of the tracks. The rotational frequency of the disk shall be as specified in 9.5. The stationary part of the motor is assumed to be motionless (no external disturbances). The measurement shall be made using a servo with the transfer function 2

H s ( iω ) =

ω = 2πf ω0/2π = 2 050 Hz 1

3 iω

ω0 1 ω0  ×  × 3  iω  1 + iω 3ω 0

where

- 21 -

or any other servo with 1+H within 20% of 1+Hs in the bandwidth of 50 Hz to 170 kHz. Thus, the disk shall not require an acceleration of more than 8,3 m/s2 at low frequencies from the servo motor of the Reference Servo. For Type - R disks, this requirement shall also be met for each side of the disk when measured with the disk accessed from both sides. 11.4.9

Tilt The tilt angle, defined as the angle which the normal to the entrance surface, averaged over a circular area of 1 mm diameter, makes with the normal to the Disk Reference Plane P, shall not exceed 4 mrad in the operating environment. For Type - R disks, this requirement shall also be met for each side of the disk when measured with the disk accessed from both sides.

11.5

Optical characteristics

11.5.1

Index of refraction Within the Formatted Zone (see clause 17) the index of refraction of the substrate shall be within the range from 1,46 to 1,60.

11.5.2

Thickness The thickness of the substrate from the entrance surface to the recording layer, within the Formatted Zone shall be: 3

n n + 0,265 0 0,509 3 × 2 × 2 mm ± 0,05 mm n − 1 n + 0,592 9 where n is the index of refraction. 11.5.3

Birefringence The effect of the birefringence of the substrate is included in the measurement of the imbalance of the signals in Channel 2 of the Reference Drive (see 25.2).

11.5.4

Reflectance The baseline reflectance R is the value of the reflectance of an unrecorded, ungrooved area of the PEP Zone, measured through the substrate and does not include the reflectance of the entrance surface. The nominal value R of the baseline reflectance shall be specified by the manufacturer − in byte 3 of the Control Track PEP Zone (see 17.3.2.1.4), and − in byte 19 of the Control Track SFP Zone (see 17.4.2).The actual value Rm of the reflectance shall be measured under the conditions a) to f) of 9.2 and those of 20.2.2. In any ungrooved, unrecorded area of the Control Track PEP Zone, the value Rm shall be within R (1 ± 0,12), and both R and Rm shall be within the range 0,14 to 0,29 for low reflectance disks, and within the range 0,50 to 0,90 for high reflectance disks.

12 12.1

Interface between cartridge and drive Clamping method When the cartridge is inserted into the drive, the shutter of the case is opened and the drive spindle engages the disk. The disk is held against the spindle by an axial clamping force, provided by the magnetizable material in the hub and the magnets in the spindle. The radial positioning of the disk is provided by the centring of the axis of the spindle in the centre hole of the hub. A turntable of the spindle shall support the disk in its clamping zone, determining the axial position of the disk in the case.

12.2

Clamping force The clamping force exerted by the spindle shall be less than 14 N. The adsorbent force measured by the test device specified in annex D shall be in the range of 8,0 N to 12,0 N.

- 22 -

12.3

Capture cylinder (see figure 13) The capture cylinder is defined as the volume in which the spindle can expect the centre of the hole of the hub to be at the maximum height of the hub, just prior to capture. The size of the cylinder limits the allowable play of the disk inside its cavity in the case. This cylinder is referred to perfectly located and perfectly sized alignment and location pins in the drive, and includes tolerances of dimensions of the case and the disk between the two pins mentioned and the centre of the hub. The bottom of the cylinder is parallel to the Disk Reference Plane P, and shall be located at a distance of L58 = 0,5 mm min. above the Disk Reference Plane P of Side B of the case when Side A of the disk is to be used. The top of the cylinder shall be located at a distance of L59 = 4,3 mm max. above the same Disk Reference Plane P, i.e. that of Side B. The diameter of the cylinder shall be D12 = 3,0 mm max. Its centre shall be defined by the nominal values of L46 and L51.

12.4

Disk position in the operating condition When the disk is in the operating condition (see figure 13) within the drive, the position of the active recording layer shall be L60 = 5,35 mm ± 0,15 mm above the Disk Reference Plane P of that side of the case that faces the optical system. Moreover, the torque to be exerted on the disk in order to maintain a rotational frequency of 50 Hz shall not exceed 0,01 Nm, when the axis of rotation is within a circle of diameter D13 = 0,2 mm max. and a centre given by the nominal values of L46 and L51.

- 23 -

D 6 D D

7 8

D 10 D 11 D 9 h 4

h Clamping zone

Disk

2 h3

94-0131-A

Figure 2 - Hub dimensions

6 h

Clamping zone

- 24 -

Surface S4 (figure 5)

Slot for the shutter opener (figure 12) Shutter sensor notch (figure 10) Shutter

User label area (figure 14)

Insertion direction

Disk Side B

Insertion slot and detent (figure 6) Hub (figure 2)

Case Side A Surface S3 (figures 5 and 5a)

Alignment hole (figure 4)

Head window (figure 11)

Surface S2 (figure 5)

Motor window (figure 11)

Write-inhibit hole for Side A (figure 8)

Location hole (figure 4)

Gripper slot (figure 7)

Surface S1 (figure 5)

Media sensor holes for Side A (figure 9)

95-0013-A

Write-inhibit hole for Side B (figure 8) Media sensor holes for Side B (figure 9)

Figure 3 - Case

Gripper slot (figure 7)

- 25 -

A - A (2 : 1)

L R5 L

L L

R4 P

L L

Location hole

A L

Alignment hole 95-0014-A

Figure 4 - Overall dimensions and reference axes

- 26 -

See figure 5a R8

L 17 L 19 L

L 15

S1 D1

S2 D2 L

Y 95-0015-A

Figure 5 - Surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 of the reference plane P

- 27 -

L 16

R9 S3 R 10 L 17

L 19 L7

R6 L5

L 14 L 18

Y 95-0016-A

Figure 5a - Detail of surface S3

L 15

- 28 -

R 11

L L

L 23 L

95-0017-A

Figure 6 - Insertion slot and detent

- 29 -

X L 29

L L

95-0018-A

Figure 7 - Gripper slots

- 30 -

L 31 B D

B L 34 3

L 32

Write-inhibited

Wri te- ena ble d Section B - B

L 33

95-0019-A

Figure 8 - Write-Inhibit holes

- 31 -

L 35

L 34 L 36

8 x D4

L 38 L 39 L

L 41 L 32

Cl ose d

O pe ne d

Closure plugs

L 42 95-0020-A

Typical sensor hole section C - C

Figure 9 - Media ID sensor holes

Through hole

Plugs punched-out

- 32 -

Y 95-0021-A

Figure 10 - Shutter sensor notch viewed from Side A

- 33 -

X L

95-0022-A

Figure 11 - Head and motor window

- 34 -

A L

A 53

P 54

Y L

A 52B

P B1

Se ctio n A-A (enlarged scale)

STR

95-0007-A

P Figure 12 - Shutter opening feature

- 35 -

P 95-0024-A

Figure 13 - Capture cylinder

U ser label area

- 36 -

L L

X 63

Figure 14a - User label area on Side A Y

95-0025-A

L L

L 69

User label area Figure 14b - User label area on bottom surface

U ser label area

95-0026-A

Figure 14c - User label area on Side B L 95-0027-A

Figure 14 - User label area

L 68

- 37 -

Section 3 : Format of information 13 13.1

Track geometry Track shape The Formatted Zone shall, for radii greater than 29,52 mm / 29,51 mm, contain tracks intended for the continuous servo tracking method. A track consists of a groove-land-groove combination, where each groove is shared with a neighbouring track. A groove is a trench-like feature, the bottom of which is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The centre of the track, i.e. where the recording is made, is the centre of the land. The grooves shall be continuous. The shape of the groove is determined by the requirements in clause 21. This ECMA Standard distinguishes between physical and logical tracks. A physical track forms a 360° turn of a continuous spiral. A logical track is a portion of a physical track containing a defined number of consecutive sectors (see 14.2).

13.2

Direction of track spiral The track shall spiral inward from the outer diameter to the inner diameter.

13.3

Track pitch The track pitch is the distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction. It shall be 1,34 mm ± 0,08 mm except in the Control Track PEP Zone. The width of a group of bands corresponding to 22 388 physical tracks shall be 30,0 mm ± 0,1 mm.

13.4

Logical track number Each logical track shall be identified by a logical track number (see 15.5). Unless otherwise stated all track numbers refer to logical tracks only. Track 0 shall be located at radius 60,00 mm ± 0,10 mm. The logical track numbers of logical tracks located at radii smaller than that of track 0 shall be increased by 1 for each track. The logical track numbers of logical tracks located at radii larger than that of track 0 shall be negative, and decrease by 1 for each track. Their value is given in TWO's complement, thus track -1 is indicated by (FFFF).

13.5

Physical track number In cases where track numbers refer to physical tracks this is clearly stated. Physical track 0 shall begin with sector 0 of logical track 0. The track numbers of physical tracks located at radii smaller than that of physical track 0 shall be increased by 1 for each physical track. The track numbers of physical tracks located at radii larger than that of physical track 0 shall be negative, and decrease by 1 for each physical track.

14 14.1

Track format Physical track layout All sectors on the disk shall be the same size. For disks with 1 024-byte sectors, on each physical track there shall be 30 to 59 sectors. Each sector shall comprise 1 410 bytes. A byte is represented on the disk by 12 Channel bits. Hence, the length of one Channel bit is determined by the requirement that there are (30 to 59) x 1 410 x 12 = 507 600 to 998 280 Channel bits on a physical track. The sectors shall be equally spaced over a physical track in such a way that the distance between the first Channel bit of a sector and the first Channel bit of the next sector shall be 16 920 Channel bits ± 5 Channel bits. At the rotational speed of 50 Hz, the period T of a Channel bit equals

- 38 -

50 × (507 600to 998 280)

ns = 39,4 to 20 ns

For disks with 512-byte sectors, on each physical track there shall be 51 to 105 sectors. Each sector shall comprise 799 bytes. A byte is represented on the disk by 12 Channel bits. Hence, the length of one Channel bit is determined by the requirement that there are (51 to 105) x 799 x 12 = 488 988 to 1 006 740 Channel bits on a physical track. The sectors shall be equally spaced over a physical track in such a way that the distance between the first Channel bit of a sector and the first Channel bit of the next sector shall be 9 588 Channel bits ± 5 Channel bits. At the rotational speed of 50 Hz, the period T of a Channel bit equals T=

14.2

50 × (488 988 to 1 006 740)

ns = 40,9 to 19,9 ns

Logical track layout On each logical track there shall be 17/31 sectors.

14.3

Radial alignment The Headers of the sectors in each band shall be radially aligned in such a way that the distance between the first Channel bit of sectors in adjacent physical tracks shall be less than 5 Channel bits. The Headers of the first sector in all bands shall be radially aligned in such a way that the distance between the first Channel bit of the first sectors of each band shall be less than 120 Channel bits.

14.4

Sector number The sectors of a logical track shall be numbered consecutively from 0 to 16/30.

15 15.1

Sector format Sector layout Sectors shall have one of the two layouts shown in figure 15 and figure 16 depending on the number of user bytes in the Data field. In figure 15 and figure 16 the numbers below the fields indicate the number of bytes in each field. The number of user bytes per sector is specified by byte 1 of each of the Control Track Zones. The pre-formatted area of 67 bytes, the Header, and the gap area of 10 bytes are the same for both sector formats. On the disk 8-bit bytes shall be represented by 12 Channel bits (see clause 16). SM

VFO1

ID1

VFO2

ID2

Pre-formatted Header Gap

ALPC

Gap

ALPC and Gaps Pre-formatted Header ALPC, Gaps 67

VFO3

Sync

Data field

Buffer

1 278 (User Data, DMP, CRC, Resync)

Figure 15 - Sector format for 1 024 user bytes

- 39 -

VFO1

ID1

VFO2

ID2

Pre-formatted Header Gap

ALPC

Gap

ALPC and Gaps Pre-formatted Header ALPC, Gaps 67

VFO3

Sync

Data field

Buffer

670 (User Data, DMP, CRC, Resync)

Figure 16 - Sector format for 512 user bytes

15.2

Sector Mark The Sector Mark shall consist of an embossed pattern that does not occur in RLL (1,7) code (see 16) and is intended to enable the drive to identify the start of the sector without recourse to a phase-locked loop. The Sector Mark shall have a length of 96 Channel bits and shall consist of pre-recorded, continuous, long marks of different Channel bit lengths followed by a lead-in to the VFO1 field. This pattern does not exist in data. There are two kinds of Sector Marks to identify even-numbered and odd-numbered bands. The Sector Mark pattern shall be as shown in figure 17, where T corresponds to the time length of one Channel bit. The signal obtained from a mark is less than a signal obtained from no mark. The lead-in shall have the Channel bit pattern 000101 for oddnumbered bands and 000001 for even-numbered bands. odd-numbered band

12T

6 T 0001 01

12T

6 T 0000 01

n o ma r k

mark even-numbered band

12T

n o ma r k

mark Lo ng mark pattern

Sector Mark

95-0045-A

Figure 17 - Sector Mark pattern

L ead -i n

- 40 -

15.3

VFO fields There shall be three fields designated VFO1, VFO2 and VFO3 (figure 18) to give the VFO of the phase-locked loop of the read channel bit synchronization. These fields shall be embossed, except for rewritable and write once sectors, in which case the VFO3 field shall be written by the drive when data is written to the sector. The continuous Channel bit pattern for VFO fields shall be:

VFO

1 312 Channel bits

VFO 2 sp a c e

1 240 Channel bits

1 0

0 1 324 Channel bits

sp ace mark

mark

VFO 3 sp a c e mark 95-0046-A

Figure 18 - VFO Field Patterns The starting bits of VFO2, indicated by XXX, shall be determined by the preceding Channel bit and are the result of encoding 1) current data bits set to ZERO ONE, 2) preceding Channel bit set to ZERO, and 3) a following data bit set to ONE. The 4th bit (identified by ?) shall be set to either a ONE or ZERO in order to produce the mark-space pattern as defined. The objective is to begin the following Address Mark field with an 8T space. This value shall be such to produce the same pattern thereafter as the other VFO fields and to end this field in the trailing edge of an embossed mark. The start of the VFO3 field shall be not more than 6 Channel bits apart from the ideal positions given in this ECMA Standard. This tolerance allows for timing inaccuracies of the optical drive controller and will be compensated for by the Gap preceding the VFO3 field and the Buffer field at the end of the sector.

15.4

Address Mark (AM) The Address Mark shall consist of an embossed pattern that does not occur in RLL (1,7) code and which is a runlength violation for this code. The field is intended to give the drive byte synchronization for the following ID field. It shall have a length of 12 Channel bits with the following pattern: 0000000010x0 where the value x shall be determined as follows: if the first data bits of the following ID field are set to ZERO ZERO, x shall be set to ONE if the first data bits of the following ID field are not set to ZERO ZERO, x shall be set to ZERO. Since the last bit of the preceding VFO field is set to ONE, and a bit set to ONE appears in the AM after 8 other Channel bits, this 10-bit sequence constitutes the detection pattern.

- 41 -

15.5

ID fields The two ID fields shall each contain the addresses of the sector, i.e. track number and sector number of the sector, and CRC bytes. Each field shall consist of five bytes with the following embossed contents: 1st byte This byte shall specify the most significant byte of the logical track number. 2nd byte This byte shall specify the least significant byte of the logical track number. 3rd byte bit 7 shall specify the ID number. when set to ZERO shall mean the ID1 field, when set to ONE shall mean the ID2 field, bits 6 to 0 shall specify the sector number in binary notation . 4th and 5th bytes These two bytes shall specify a 16-bit CRC computed over the first three bytes of this field (see annex E). The first two data bits of the ID field shall be encoded using table 3. When doing this, the last Channel bit from the AM shall be used as input to the encoder. The first three Channel bits of the ID field shall be decoded using table 4. When doing this, the last two Channel bits from the AM shall be used as input to the decoder.

15.6

Postamble (PA) This field shall be equal in length to 12 Channel bits following the ID2 field.

PA sp a c e

1 12 Channel bits

mark 95-0047-A

Figure 19 - Postamble pattern The starting bits of the PA, indicated by XXX, shall be determined by the preceding Channel bit and are the result of encoding 1) current data bits set to ZERO ONE, 2) preceding Channel bit set to ZERO, and 3) a following data bit set to ONE. and the value of the 4th bit (identified by ?) shall be such to end this field in the trailing edge of an embossed mark such that the following gap field is always recorded as a space. Due to the use of the RLL (1,7) encoding scheme (see 16), the framing of the last byte of the CRC in the ID2 field is uncertain within a few bit times. The Postamble allows the last byte of the CRC to achieve closure and permits the ID field to end always in a predictable manner. This is necessary in order to locate the following field in a consistent manner.

15.7

Gap There are two Gap fields in each sector. The first Gap shall be equal in length to 60 Channel bits. Its contents are not specified and shall be ignored in interchange, but shall not be embossed. It is the first field after the pre-formatted header and gives the drive some time for processing after it has finished reading the header. The second gap shall be equal in length to 36 Channel bits ± 6 Channel bits. This tolerance is needed to allow for the tolerance on the position of the following VFO3 field. Moreover, it need not start exactly on a Channel bit position as extrapolated from the header.

- 42 -

In the case of R/W or WO sectors, this field shall be unrecorded, but in the case of an embossed sector, it shall be pre-recorded with the same embossed marks in byte pattern as for the VFO3.

15.8

Auto Laser Power Control (ALPC) This field shall be equal in length to 24 Channel bits. It is intended for testing the laser power level. In the case of R/W or WO sectors, the contents of this field are not specified by this ECMA Standard. In the case of embossed sectors, this field shall be pre-recorded with the same embossed marks in the byte pattern as for the VFO3 field.

15.9

Sync The sync field is intended to allow the drive to obtain byte synchronization for the following Data field. It shall have a length of 48 Channel bits and be recorded with the bit pattern 0100 0010 0100 0010 0010 0010 0100 0100 1000 0010 0100 10x0 where the value x shall be as follows: if the first data bits of the following Data field are set to ZERO ZERO, x shall be set to ONE if the first data bits of the following Data field are not set to ZERO ZERO, x shall be set to ZERO.

15.10

Data field The Data field is intended for recording user data. It shall consist of either: − 1 278 bytes comprising 1 024 user bytes 242 bytes for CRC, ECC and Resync 12 bytes for control information (DMP) or − 670 bytes comprising 512 user bytes 144 bytes for CRC, ECC and Resync 12 bytes for control information (DMP) 2 (FF)-bytes. The disposition of these bytes in the Data field is specified in annex F. The first two data bits of the Data field shall be encoded using table 3. When doing this, the last Channel bit from the Sync field shall be used as input to the encoder. The first three Channel bits of the Data field shall be decoded using table 4. When doing this, the last two Channel bits from the Sync field shall be used as input to the decoder.

15.10.1

User data bytes These bytes are at the disposal of the user for recording information. There are 1 024 or 512 such bytes depending on the sector format.

15.10.2

CRC and ECC bytes The Cyclic Redundancy Check bytes and Error Correction Code bytes are used by the error detection and correction system to rectify erroneous data. The ECC is a Reed-Solomon code of degree 16. The computation of the check bytes of the CRC and ECC shall be as specified in annex F.

15.10.3

Bytes for control information (DMP) There shall be 12 bytes for control information. They are intended for use by drives handling Types WO and WO-R disks and indicate whether or not a sector on a disk of this type have been previously written (see also annex V). For Type WO and WO-R disks, this field shall be unrecorded when the sector does not contain user data. When user data have been written to the sector, the bytes of this field shall be set to (FF).

- 43 -

For all other Types of disks, these bytes shall always be set to (FF) when data is recorded in the sector. 15.10.4

Last bytes of the data field of the 512-byte sector format The last two bytes of the Data field of the 512-byte sector format shall be set to (FF).

15.10.5

Resync bytes The Resync bytes enable a drive to regain byte synchronization after a large defect in the data field. Annex G specifies the Resync bytes and the criteria for selection of which of the two bytes is to be used. The Resync fields shall be inserted among the rest of the bytes of the Data field as specified in annex-F.

15.11

Buffer field The Buffer field shall have a nominal length of 288/252 Channel bits ± 96/60 Channel bits, and is divided into two parts. The first part shall have a length of twelve Channel bits which shall be used for RLL (1,7) closure. The second part of this field shall not contain any data and is needed to allow for drive motor speed tolerances and other electrical and mechanical tolerances. In the first part of this field, the RLL (1,7) closure shall end in a space to ensure that the second part will consist of spaces. Permitted RLL closures can be either the PA defined in 15.6 or any other valid RLL (1,7) closure. The second part of this field is needed for four reasons. Firstly, the tolerance on the header-to-header distance as specified in 14.1. Secondly, the tolerance in the start of the VFO3 field as specified in 15.7. Thirdly, the actual length of the written data, as determined by the runout of the track and the speed variations of the disk during writing of the data. Fourthly, to ensure that all data written previously, the length of which is subject to the above tolerances, has been erased.

Recording code The 8-bit bytes in the two ID fields and in the data field shall be converted to Channel bits on the disk according to table 3 and annex G. Channel bits in these fields shall be demodulated to information bits according to table 4 and annex G. All other fields in a sector have already been defined in terms of Channel bits. Write pulses shall produce marks in a manner such that the edge between a mark and space or a space and a mark corresponds to a Channel bit that is a ONE. The recording code used to record all data in the formatted areas of the disk shall be the run-length limited code known as RLL (1,7) as defined in tables 3 and 4. Table 3 - Conversion of input bits to Channel bits Preceding Channel bit

Current input bits

Following input bits

Channel bits RLL(1,7)

001

000

010

001

000

010

not 00

000

101

010

not 00

100

Note: "not 00" means 01, 10, 11 "X" means the value is either 1 or 0

- 44 -

The coding shall start at the first bit of the first byte of the field to be converted. After a Resync field the RLL (1,7) coding shall start again with the last two input bits of the Resync bytes. Table 4 - Demodulation of Channel bits to information bits Preceding Channel bits Current Channel bits Following Channel bits Decoded information bits 10

000

001

01 or 10

001

010

01 or 10

010

01 or 10

100

101

Note: "X" means the value is either 1 or, 0

17 17.1

Formatted Zone General description of the Formatted Zone The Formatted Zone contains all information on the disk relevant for data interchange. The information comprises embossed tracking provisions, embossed headers, embossed data and, possibly, user-written data. In this clause the term 'data' is reserved for the content of the Data field of a sector, which, in general, is transferred to the host. Clause 17 defines the layout of the information; the characteristics of signals obtained from this information are specified in section 4 and 6.

17.2

Division of the Formatted Zone The Formatted Zone shall be divided into zones containing the logical tracks indicated in table 5. The dimensions are given as reference only, and are nominal locations. The tolerance on the location of logical track 0 is specified in 13.4. The tolerances on other radii are determined by the tolerance on the track pitch as specified in 13.3.

- 45 -

Table 5 - Layout of the Formatted Zone Zone

Logical Track Address

Radius in mm

1 024-byte sectors 512-byte sectors 1 024-byte sectors 512-byte sectors - Lead-in Zone

-2 596 to -1 299

-2 520 to -1 261

61,00 to 60,50

- Outer Control Track SFP Zone

-1 298 to -414

-1 260 to -421

60,50 to 60,16

60,50 to 60,17

- Outer Manufacturer Zone

-413 to -1

-420 to -1

60,16 to 60,00

60,17 to 60,00

- User Zone

0 to 58 739

0 to 55 769

60,00 to 29,93

60,00 to 30,30

- Inner Manufacturer Zone

58 740 to 59 039

55 770 to 56 483

29,93 to 29,70

30,30 to 29,72

- Guard Band

58 740 to 58 769

55 770 to 56 228

29,93 to 29,91

30,30 to 29,93

- Manufacturer Test Zone

58 770 to 58 919

56 229 to 56 432

29,91 to 29,79

29,93 to 29,76

- Guard Band

58 920 to 59 039

56 433 to 56 483

29,79 to 29,70

29,76 to 29,72

59 040 to 59 279

56 484 to 56 738

29,70 to 29,52

29,72 to 29,51

- Transition Zone for SFP

29,52 to 29,50

29,51 to 29,50

- Control -Track PEP Zone

29,50 to 29,00

- Reflective Zone

29,00 to 27,00

- Inner Control Track SFP Zone

The Formatted Zone shall extend from radius 61,00 mm to radius 27,00 mm. From radius 61,00 mm to radius 29,52 mm / 29,51 mm, it shall be provided with tracks containing servo and address information. The location of the zones defined in table 5 are also shown in figure 20.

- 46 -

Radius (mm) 1 024-byte 512-byte sectors sectors Max 61,00

Max 61,00

60,50

Zone Name

Lead-i n Zone

SFP Zone 60,16

Contents

SFP1

SFP2

SFP3

SFP4

SFP59 or 105

SFP4

SFP30 or 51

60,17 Outer Manufacturer Zone

60,00

60,00 DMAs User

User Area

Zone 29,93

DMAs

30,30 Inner Manufacturer Zone

29,70

29,72

29,52 29,50

29,51 29,5 0

Transition Zone

29,00

PEP Zone

27,00

Reflective Zone

SFP Zone

SFP1

SFP2

PEP

SFP3

PEP

ECMA-95-0048- A

Figure 20 - Location of the defined Zones 17.2.1

Lead-in Zone The Lead-In Zone shall be used for positioning purposes only.

17.2.2

Manufacturer Zones There is an Inner and an Outer Manufacturer Zone. They are provided to allow the media manufacturer to perform tests on the disk, including write operations, in an area located away from recorded information.

17.2.2.1

Outer Manufacturer Zone The Outer Manufacturer Zone shall comprise 413/420 logical tracks. Logical tracks -1 to -8 are a buffer and shall not be used. Other logical tracks may have embossed marks in the data field (15.10) that need not comply with the requirements of clause 15.10 or clause 16. The information in this zone is not specified by this ECMA Standard and shall be ignored in interchange. All physical tracks in the Outer Manufacturer Zone shall contain 59/105 sectors.

17.2.2.2

Inner Manufacturer Zone The Inner Manufacturer Zone is divided into three parts: Two Guard bands and in between the actual Manufacturer Test zone. The purpose of the Guard bands is to protect and buffer the areas that contain information from accidental damage when the area between the Guard bands is used for testing or calibration of the optical system.

- 47 -

The manufacturer test zone may have embossed marks in the data field (15.10) that need not comply with the requirements of 15.10 or clause 16. The information in this zone is not specified by this ECMA Standard and shall be ignored in interchange. All physical tracks of the Inner Manufacturer zone shall contain 30/51 sectors. 17.2.3

User Zone The Data fields in the User Zone can be user-written or contain embossed data, in the format of clause 15, depending upon the type of the disk. The layout of the User Zone and its sub-divisions is specified in clause 18.

17.2.4

Reflective Zone This ECMA Standard does not specify the format of the Reflective Zone, except that it shall have the same recording layer as the remainder of the Formatted Zone.

17.2.5

Control Track Zones The three zones Control track PEP Zone Inner Control Track SFP Zone Outer Control Track SFP Zone shall be used for recording control track information. The control track information shall be recorded in two different formats, the first format in the Control Track PEP Zone, and the second format in the Inner and Outer Control Track SFP Zones. The Control Track PEP Zone shall be recorded using low frequency phase-encoded modulation. The Inner and Outer Control Track SFP Zones shall each consist of tracks recorded by the same modulation method and format as is used in the User Zone (see clauses 16 and 18). The Transition Zone for SFP is an area in which the format changes from the Control Track PEP Zone which contains no servo information to a zone including servo information. All physical tracks in the Inner Control Track SFP Zone shall have 30/51 sectors. All physical tracks in the Outer Control Track SFP Zone shall have 59/105 sectors.

17.3

Control Track PEP Zone The information contained in the Control Track PEP Zone gives a general characterization of the disk. It specifies the type of disk, the ECC, the tracking method, etc. This zone shall not contain any servo information. All information shall be pre-recorded in phase-encoded modulation. The marks in all tracks of this zone shall be radially aligned, so as to allow information recovery from this zone without radial tracking being established by the drive. The read power shall not exceed 0,65 mW.

17.3.1

Recording in the PEP Zone In the PEP Zone there shall be 561 to 567 PEP-channel bit cells per physical track. A PEP-Channel bit cell shall be 656 PEP-Channel bits ± 1 PEP-Channel bits long. A PEP-channel bit is recorded by writing marks in either the first or the second half of the cell. A mark shall be nominally two PEP-Channel bits long and shall be separated from adjacent marks by a space of nominally two PEP-channel bits. A ZERO shall be represented by a change from marks to no marks at the centre of the cell and a ONE by a change from no marks to marks at this centre.

- 48 -

PEP-Channel bit cell with a re co rd ed ZE RO

PEP-Channel bit cell with a re c o r de d ONE

1/2 PEP-Channel bit cell

2 PEP-Channel bits 95-0049-A

Figure 21 - Example of phase-encoded modulation in the PEP Zone Requirements for the density of the tracks and the shape of marks in the Control Track PEP Zone are specified in clause 24. 17.3.2

Format of the tracks of the PEP Zone Each physical track in the PEP Zone shall have three sectors. On Side B of Type - R ODCs, the PEP shall be recorded bit-wise in the reverse direction. This feature allows drives conforming to previous standards to read correctly the PEP Zone of ODCs conforming to this ECMA Standard. The numbers below the fields in figure 22 indicate the number of PEP bits in each field. |<------------------ One physical track (3 sectors) ----------------->| Sector

Gap

Sector

177

Gap

177

Sector

Gap

177

Figure 22 - Track format in the PEP Zone The gaps between sectors shall be unrecorded areas having a length corresponding to 10 to 12 PEP bit cells. 17.3.2.1

Format of a sector Each sector of 177 PEP bits shall have the following layout. |<------------------------------------- One sector (177 bits) --------------------------------------->| Preamble

Sync

Sector Number

Data

CRC

144

Figure 23 - Sector format in the PEP Zone 17.3.2.1.1

Preamble field This field shall consist of 16 ZERO bits.

17.3.2.1.2

Sync field This field shall consist of 1 ONE bit.

17.3.2.1.3

Sector Number field This field shall consist of eight bits specifying in binary notation the Sector Number from 0 to 2.

17.3.2.1.4

Data field This field shall comprise 18 8-bit bytes numbered 0 to 17. These bytes shall specify the following.

- 49 -

Byte 0 bit 7

shall be set to ZERO indicating the continuous servo tracking method,

bits 6 to 4

shall be set to 110 indicating a logical ZCAV.

Other settings of these bits are prohibited by this ECMA Standard (see also annex V). bit 3

shall be set to ZERO

bits 2 to 0

shall be set to 010 indicating RLL (1,7) mark edge modulation,

Other settings of these bits are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. Byte 1 bit 7

shall be set to ZERO

bits 6 to 4

specify the error correction code: when set to 000 shall indicate R-S LDC degree 16, and 10 interleaves. when set to 001 shall indicate R-S LDC degree 16, and 5 interleaves.

Other settings of these bits are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. bit 3

shall be set to ZERO

bits 2 to 0

these bits shall specify in binary notation the power n of 2 in the following formula which expresses the number of user bytes per sector 256 x 2n

Values of n other than 1 or 2 are prohibited by this ECMA Standard. The contents of these bits shall be identical everywhere on a disk. Byte 2 This byte shall specify in binary notation the number of sectors in each logical track. Byte 3 This byte shall give the manufacturer's specification for the baseline reflectance R of the disk when measured at a nominal wavelength of 780 nm. It is specified as a number n such that n = 100 R. Byte 4 This byte shall specify that the recording is on-land and it shall indicate the signal amplitude of the prerecorded marks. bit 7

shall be set to ZERO to specify on-land recording.

The absolute value of the signal amplitude is given as a number n between -20 and -50, such that n = -50 (Ism / I0) where Ism is the signal from the Sector Mark in Channel 1 and I0 is the signal from an unrecorded, ungrooved area in the Control Track PEP Zone. bits 6 to 0

shall express this number n. Bit 6 shall be set to ONE to indicate that this number is negative and expressed by bits 5 to 0 in TWO's complement. Recording is high-to-low.

Byte 5 This byte shall be set either to (00) or to (FF). Byte 6 This byte shall specify in binary notation a number n representing 20 times the maximum read power expressed in milliwatts which is permitted for reading the SFP Zone at a rotational frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 780 nm. This number n shall be between 0 and 40.

- 50 -

Byte 7 The byte shall specify the disk Type. 0010 0000 0000 0000 1010 0000 0001 0001

shall mean Rewritable (Type R/W) shall mean Fully Embossed (Type O-ROM) shall mean Partially Embossed (Type P-ROM) shall mean Write Once (Type WO)

Other settings of this byte are prohibited by this ECMA Standard (see also annex V). Byte 8 This byte shall specify the most significant byte of the logical track number in which the Outer Control Track SFP Zone starts. It shall be set to (FA) or (FB) representing the MSB of track number -1 298/-1 260. Byte 9 This byte shall specify the least significant byte of the logical track number in which the Outer Control Track SFP Zone starts. It shall be set to (EE) or (14) representing the LSB of track number -1 298/-1 260. Byte 10 This byte shall specify the most significant byte of the logical track number in which the Inner Control Track SFP Zone starts. It shall be set to (E6) or (DC) representing the MSB of Logical Track Number 59 040/56 484. Byte 11 This byte shall specify the least significant byte of the logical track number in which the Inner Control Track SFP Zone starts. It shall be set to (A0) or (A4) representing the LSB of Logical Track Number 59 040/56 484. Byte 12 This byte shall specify the track pitch in micrometers times 100. It shall be set to (86) representing a track pitch of 1,34 mm. Byte 13 This byte shall be set to (FF) and shall be ignored in interchange. Bytes 14 to 17 The contents of these bytes are not specified by this ECMA Standard. 17.3.2.1.5

CRC The eight bits of the CRC shall be computed over the Sector Number field and the Data field of the PEP sector. The generator polynomial shall be G(x) = x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1 The residual polynomial R(x) shall be

=151

i =143

è i =144

i =0

æi

R (x ) = ç å a i x i+ å a i x i ÷ x 8 mod G (x ) where ai denotes a bit of the input data and a i an inverted bit. The highest order bit of the sector number field is a151. The eight bits ck of the CRC are defined by

- 51 -

k =7

R ( x ) = ∑c k x k k =0

where c7 is recorded as the highest order bit of the CRC byte of the PEP sector. 17.3.2.2

Summary of the format of the Data field of a sector Table 6 - Format of the Data field of a sector of the PEP Zone Byte \ Bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

17.4

7 Format 0

5 4 3 2 1 0 Logical ZCAV 0 Modulation code ECC 0 Number of user bytes Number of sectors in each logical track Baseline reflectance at 780 nm Amplitude and polarity of pre-formatted data (00) or (FF) Maximum read power for the SFP Zone at 50 Hz and 780 nm ODC Type Start track of Outer SFP Zone, MSB of Logical Track Number Start track of Outer SFP Zone, LSB of Logical Track Number Start track of Inner SFP Zone, MSB of Logical Track Number Start track of Inner SFP Zone, LSB of Logical Track Number Track pitch (FF) Not specified by this ECMA Standard Not specified by this ECMA Standard Not specified by this ECMA Standard Not specified by this ECMA Standard

Control Track SFP Zones The two Control Track SFP Zones shall be pre-recorded in the sector format specified in clause 15. The prerecorded data marks shall satisfy the requirements for the signals specified in clause 23. Each sector of the SFP Zones (see 17.2.5) shall include 512 bytes of information numbered 0 to 511; − a duplicate of the PEP information (18 bytes), − media information (362 bytes), − system information (132 bytes), In the case of 1 024-byte sectors these first 512 bytes shall be followed by 512 (FF)-bytes.

17.4.1

Duplicate of the PEP information Bytes 0 to 17 shall be identical with the 18 bytes of the Data field of a sector of the PEP Zone (see 17.3.2.1.4).

17.4.2

Media information Bytes 18 to 359 shall specify read and write parameters at three laser wavelengths L1 = 780 nm, L2 = 685 nm, and L3. For each wavelength the baseline reflectance R1, R2 or R3 is specified. The read and write powers are specified for four different rotational frequencies N1 = 50 Hz, N2 = 60 Hz, N3 and N4 for each wavelength. For each value of N one set of write power for the 4T mark is given: it contains three values for the inner, middle and outer radius. Bytes 18 to 47 shall specify the conditions for L1 = 780-nm and N1 = 50 Hz. All values specified in bytes 18 to 359 shall be such that the requirements of 11.5 and of clauses 25, 26, 27 and 28 are met (see table 7).

- 52 -

Byte 18 This byte shall specify the wavelength L1, in nanometres, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 1/5 L1 This byte shall be set to n = 156 for ODCs according to this ECMA Standard. Byte 19 This byte shall specify the baseline reflectance R1 (see 11.5.4) at wavelength L1 as a number n such that n = 100 R1 Byte 20 This byte shall specify the rotational frequency N1, in hertz, as a number n such that n = N1 This byte shall be set to n = 50 for ODCs according to this ECMA Standard. Byte 21 This byte shall specify the maximum read power P1 in milliwatts, for the User Zone as a number n between 0 and 40 such that n = 20 P1 Bytes 22 to 24 These bytes are not used and shall bet set to (FF). The following bytes 25 to 27 shall specify the write power Pw for 4T marks in milliwatts indicated by the manufacturer of the disk (see 25.3.3). Pw is expressed as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 5Pw Byte 25 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 30 mm Byte 26 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 45 mm Byte 27 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 60 mm The following bytes 28 to 30 shall specify the thermal build-up offset Oth in percent of the time period T of one Channel bit indicated by the manufacturer of the disk (see 27.5). Oth shall be expressed as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 2 Oth Byte 28 This byte shall specify Oth for r = 30 mm Byte 29 This byte shall specify Oth for r = 45 mm

- 53 -

Byte 30 This byte shall specify Oth for r = 60 mm The following bytes 31 to 33 shall specify the write power Pw for 2T marks in milliwatts indicated by the manufacturer (see 25.3.3). Pw is expressed by a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 5 Pw Byte 31 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 30 mm Byte 32 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 45 mm Byte 33 This byte shall specify Pw for r = 60 mm Bytes 34 to 43 These bytes are not used and shall be set to (FF). Byte 44 This byte shall be set to (00) The following bytes 45 to 47 shall specify the DC erase power Pe in milliwatts indicated by the manufacturer of the disk (see clause 28). Pe shall be expressed as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 5 Pe Byte 45 This byte shall specify Pe for r = 30 mm Byte 46 This byte shall specify Pe for r = 45 mm Byte 47 This byte shall specify Pe for r = 60 mm Bytes 48 to 358 shall be set to either the values indicated or (FF). Byte 48 This byte shall specify, at wavelength L1, the rotational frequency N2, in hertz, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = N2 If this byte is not set to (FF), n shall be set to 60 for ODCs according to this ECMA Standard. Byte 49 This byte shall specify the maximum read power P2, in milliwatts, for the User Zone as a number n between 0 and 255 such that

- 54 -

n = 20 P2 Bytes 50 to 75 For the values specified in bytes 18, 19, 48 and 49, bytes 50 to 75 shall specify the parameters indicated in bytes 22 to 47. Byte 76 This byte shall specify, at wavelength L1, rotational frequency N3, in hertz, expressed as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = N3 Byte 77 This byte shall specify the maximum read power P3, in milliwatts, for the User Zone, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 20 P3 Bytes 78 to 103 For the values specified in bytes 18, 19, 76 and 77, bytes 78 to 103 shall specify the parameters indicated in bytes 22 to 47. Byte 104 This byte shall specify, at wavelength L1, rotational frequency N4, in hertz, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = N4 Byte 105 This byte shall specify the maximum read power P4, in milliwatts, for the User Zone as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 20 P4 Bytes 106 to 131 For the values specified in bytes 18, 19, 104 and 105, bytes 106 to 131 shall specify the parameters indicated in bytes 22 to 47. Byte 132 This byte shall specify wavelength L2, in nanometres, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 1/5 L2 If this byte is not set to (FF), n shall be set to 137 for ODCs according to this ECMA Standard. This value indicates that the actual wavelength equals 685 nm ± 10 nm. Byte 133 This byte shall specify the baseline reflectance R2 at wavelength L2 as a number n between 0 and 100 such that n = 100 R2. Bytes 134 to 245 The allocation of information to, or the setting of, these bytes shall correspond to those of bytes 20 to 131. The values specified shall be for L2 (byte 132) and R2 (byte 133). Byte 246 This byte shall specify wavelength L3, in nanometres, as a number n between 0 and 255 such that n = 1/5 L3

- 55 -

Byte 247 This byte shall specify the baseline reflectance R3 at wavelength L3 as a number n between 0 and 100 such that n = 100 R3. Bytes 248 to 359 The allocation of information to, or the setting of, these bytes shall correspond to those of bytes 20 to 131. The values specified shall be for L3 (byte 246) and R3 (byte 247). Bytes 360 to 363 These bytes shall be set to (FF). Byte 364 This byte shall specify the polarity of the figure of merit (see 26.1). It shall be set to (01) to mean that the polarity is negative (the direction of Kerr rotation due to the written mark is counterclock-wise). Byte 365 This byte shall specify the figure of merit F as a number n (see 26.1), such that n = 10 000 F Bytes 366 to 379 These bytes shall be set to (FF).

- 56 -

Table 7 - Summary of media information L1 and R1 N1

L2 and R2

18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131

L3 and R3 N4

132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161

162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 364

304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331

332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359

246 247 190 218 191 219 192 220 193 221 194 222 195 223 196 224 197 225 198 226 199 227 200 228 201 229 202 230 203 231 204 232 205 233 206 234 207 235 208 236 209 237 210 238 211 239 212 240 213 241 214 242 215 243 216 244 217 245 365

248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275

276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303

AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

360 366 373

361 367 374

Mandatory information

Bytes set to (00)

17.4.3

362 368 375

363 369 376

370 377

371 378

372 379

Bytes set to (FF)

As specified or (FF)

System Information Bytes 380 to 385 are mandatory. Bytes 384 and 385 shall specify in binary notation the Logical Track Number of the last logical track of the User Zone. The total number of logical tracks in this zone equals the Logical Track Number of the last logical track of the User Zone increased by 1. For disks with 1 024-byte sectors, the Logical Track Number of the last logical track of the User Zone shall be 58 739. For disks with 512-byte sectors, the Logical Track Number of the last logical track of the User Zone shall be 55 769.

- 57 -

Bytes 380 to 383: Reserved These bytes shall be set to (FF). Byte 384 This byte shall be set to (E5) for 1 024-byte sector and (D9) for 512-byte sector, the most significant byte of the number of the last logical track of the User Zone. Byte 385 This byte shall be set to (73) for 1 024-byte sector and (D9) for 512-byte sector, the least significant byte of the number of the last logical track of the User Zone. Bytes 386 to 389 These bytes shall be set to (FF). Bytes 390 to 399: Reserved These bytes shall be set to (FF). Bytes 400 to 476: Control bytes for partially embossed disks This information is required for Type P-ROM and Type P-ROM-R and contains parameter values for bytes 0 to 76 of the DDS. The value of Byte 3 of the DDS may be chosen during initialization and need not agree with SFP Byte 403. These control bytes shall be defined by the manufacturer at the time the disk is manufactured. Bytes 414 to 421, which represent addresses of the PDL and SDL, shall be set to (FF). For Types R/W, R/W-R, O-ROM, O-ROM-R, WO and WO-R these bytes shall be set to (FF). Bytes 477 to 479: Reserved. These bytes shall be set to (FF). Bytes 480 to 511: Unspecified data The contents of these bytes are not specified in this ECMA Standard. They may contain an identification of the manufacturer. They shall be ignored in interchange.

18 18.1

Layout of the User Zone General description of the User Zone The User Zone data capacity per side is 1,014 Gbytes for disks with 1 024-byte sectors and 0,871 Gbytes for disks with 512-byte sectors. The spare sectors and the non-usable sectors are included in the above figures. The location and size of the User Zone are specified in clause 17.

18.2

Divisions of the User Zone The User Zone shall include four Defect Management Areas (DMA), two at the beginning of the zone and two at the end. The area between the two sets of DMAs is called the User Area. The entire User Zone shall also be divided into bands as a result of the ZCAV organization of the disk. Each of these bands shall contain the same number of physical tracks. Each such band is divided into logical tracks which have the same number of sectors. The number of logical tracks per band decreases from band to band moving from the outer radius to the inner radius. When the sectors contain 1 024 user bytes, the User Zone shall be divided into 30 bands numbered 0 to 29 as shown in table 8 and 9. When the sectors contain 512 bytes of user data, the User Zone shall be divided into 55 bands numbered 0 to 54 as shown in table 10 and 11. The hierarchy is thus: For 1 024-byte sector disks:

17 sectors 1 320 to 2 596 logical tracks

= 1 logical track = 1 band

- 58 -

For 512-byte sector disks:

18.3

748 physical tracks 30 bands

= 1 band = the User Zone

31 sectors 632 to 1 365 logical tracks 403 physical tracks 55 bands

= 1 logical track = 1 band = 1 band = the User Zone

User Area The Data fields in the User Area are intended for recording of user data. The User Area shall consist of: − − − −

a Rewritable Zone, or an Embossed Zone, or an Embossed Zone and a Rewritable zone, or a Write Once Zone.

The User Area shall begin with track 4 and end with track 58 727/ 55 757. However, at the boundaries between bands, it shall not include the last 12 tracks of a band, and it shall not include the first four tracks of the next band. There shall be 150/110 spare logical tracks in the User Area. In addition, the User Area shall be partitioned into groups of bands. This ECMA Standard describes two alternatives for partitioning: 1) Each group resides in one band, i.e. there is a total of 30/55 groups. 2) The entire User Area forms one group. Type R/W, R/W-R, O-ROM, O-ROM-R, WO and WO-R disks shall be partitioned according to either alternative 1 or alternative 2. Type P-ROM and P-ROM-R disks shall be partitioned according to alternative 1. See 18.6.2, 18.7.2, and 18.8.2.

- 59 -

Table 8 - 1 024-byte sector disks: 30 groups Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

2 596

DMA1

Buffer Start

Data Start

Parity Start

Spares Start

Buffer Start

Test Start

Buffer Start

2 440

2 579

2 584

2 588

2 592

DMA2

2 552

2 596

2 600

4 994

5 131

5 136

5 140

5 144

2 508

5 148

5 152

7 504

7 639

7 644

7 648

7 652

2 464

7 656

7 660

9 970

10 103

10 108

10 112

10 116

2 420

10 120

10 124

12 392

12 524

12 529

12 533

12 537

2 376

12 540

12 544

14 770

14 899

14 904

14 908

14 912

2 332

14 916

14 920

17 104

17 231

17 236

17 240

17 244

2 288

17 248

17 252

19 394

19 519

19 524

19 528

19 532

2 244

19 536

19 540

21 640

21 763

21 768

21 772

21 776

2 200

21 780

21 784

23 842

23 963

23 968

23 972

23 976

2 156

23 980

23 984

26 000

26 119

26 124

26 128

26 132

2 112

26 136

26 140

28 114

28 231

28 236

28 240

28 244

2 068

28 248

28 252

30 184

30 299

30 304

30 308

30 312

2 024

30 316

30 320

32 210

32 323

32 328

32 332

32 336

1 980

32 340

32 344

34 192

34 303

34 308

34 312

34 316

1 936

34 320

34 324

36 130

36 239

36 244

36 248

36 252

1 892

36 256

36 260

38 024

38 131

38 136

38 140

38 144

1 848

38 148

38 152

39 874

39 979

39 984

39 988

39 992

1 804

39 996

40 000

41 680

41 783

41 788

41 792

41 796

1 760

41 800

41 804

43 442

43 543

43 548

43 552

43 556

1 716

43 560

43 564

45 160

45 259

45 264

45 268

45 272

1 672

45 276

45 280

46 834

46 931

46 936

46 940

46 944

1 628

46 948

46 952

48 464

48 559

48 564

48 568

48 572

1 584

48 576

48 580

50 050

50 143

50 148

50 152

50 156

1 540

50 160

50 164

51 592

51 683

51 688

51 692

51 696

1 496

51 700

51 704

54 090

54 179

54 184

54 188

54 192

1 452

53 196

53 200

54 544

54 631

54 636

54 640

54 644

1 408

54 648

54 652

55 954

56 039

56 044

56 048

56 052

1 364

56 056

56 060

57 320

57 403

57 408

57 412

57 416

1 320

57 420

57 424

58 642

58 723

58 732

58 736

DMA3

58 728

DMA4

58 730

- 60 -

Table 9 - 1 024-byte sector disks: 1 group Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

2 596

DMA1

Buffer Start

Data Start

Parity Start

Spares Start

Buffer Start

Test Start

Buffer Start

2 584

2 588

2 592

DMA2

2 552

2 596

2 600

5 136

5 140

5 144

2 508

5 148

5 152

7 644

7 648

7 652

2 464

7 656

7 660

10 108

10 112

10 116

2 420

10 120

10 124

12 528

12 532

12 536

2 376

12 540

12 544

14 904

14 908

14 912

2 332

14 916

14 920

17 236

17 240

17 244

2 288

17 248

17 252

19 524

19 528

19 532

2 244

19 536

19 540

21 768

21 772

21 776

2 200

21 780

21 784

23 968

23 972

23 976

2 156

23 980

23 984

26 124

26 128

26 132

2 112

26 136

26 140

28 236

28 240

28 244

2 068

28 248

28 252

30 304

30 308

30 312

2 024

30 316

30 320

32 328

32 332

32 336

1 980

32 340

32 344

34 308

34 312

34 316

1 936

34 320

34 324

36 244

36 248

36 252

1 892

36 256

36 260

38 136

38 140

38 144

1 848

38 148

38 152

39 984

39 988

39 992

1 804

39 996

40 000

41 788

41 792

41 796

1 760

41 800

41 804

43 548

43 552

43 556

1 716

43 560

43 564

45 264

45 268

45 272

1 672

45 276

45 280

46 936

46 940

46 944

1 628

46 948

46 952

48 564

48 568

48 572

1 584

48 576

48 580

50 148

50 152

50 156

1 540

50 160

50 164

51 688

51 692

51 696

1 496

51 700

51 704

53 184

53 188

53 192

1 452

53 196

53 200

54 636

54 640

54 644

1 408

54 648

54 652

55 459

56 044

56 048

56 052

1 364

56 056

56 060

57 408

57 412

57 416

1 320

57 420

57 424

58 732

58 740

DMA3

58 728

DMA4

58 730

58 578

- 61 -

Table 10 - 512-byte sector disks: 55 groups Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

105

1 365

DMA1

DMA2

Buffer Start

Data Start

Parity Start

Spares Start

Buffer Start

Test Start

Buffer Start

1 346

1 351

1 353

1 357

1 361

104

1 352

1 365

1 369

2 657

2 703

2 705

2 709

2 713

103

1 339

2 717

2 721

3 997

4 042

4 044

4 048

4 052

102

1 326

4 056

4 060

5 323

5 368

5 370

5 374

5 378

101

1 313

5 382

5 386

6 637

6 681

6 683

6 687

6 691

100

1 300

6 695

6 699

7 937

7 981

7 983

7 987

7 991

1 287

7 995

7 999

9 225

9 268

9 270

9 274

9 278

1 274

9 282

9 286

10 499

10 542

10 544

10 548

10 552

1 261

10 556

10 560

11 761

11 803

11 805

11 809

11 813

1 248

11 817

11 821

13 009

13 051

13 053

13 057

13 061

1 235

13 065

13 069

14 245

14 286

14 288

14 292

14 296

1 222

14 300

14 304

15 467

15 508

15 510

15 514

15 518

1 209

15 522

15 526

16 677

16 717

16 719

16 723

16 727

1 196

16 731

16 735

17 873

17 913

17 915

17 919

17 923

1 183

17 927

17 931

19 057

19 096

19 098

19 102

19 106

1 170

19 110

19 114

20 227

20 266

20 268

20 272

20 276

1 157

20 280

20 284

21 385

21 423

21 425

21 429

21 433

1 144

21 437

21 441

22 529

22 567

22 569

22 573

22 577

1 131

22 581

22 585

23 661

23 698

23 700

23 704

23 708

1 118

23 712

23 716

24 779

24 816

24 818

24 822

24 826

1 105

24 830

24 834

25 885

25 921

25 923

25 927

25 931

1 092

25 935

25 939

26 977

27 013

27 015

27 019

27 023

1 079

27 027

27 031

28 057

28 092

28 094

28 098

28 102

1 066

28 106

28 110

29 123

29 158

29 160

29 164

29 168

1 053

29 172

29 176

30 177

30 211

30 213

30 217

30 221

1 040

30 225

30 229

31 217

31 251

31 253

31 257

31 261

1 027

31 265

31 269

32 245

32 278

32 280

32 284

32 288

1 014

32 292

32 296

33 259

33 292

33 294

33 298

33 302

1 001

33 306

33 310

34 261

34 293

34 295

34 299

34 303

988

34 307

34 311

35 249

35 281

35 283

35 287

35 291

975

35 295

35 299

36 225

36 256

36 258

36 262

36 266

962

36 270

36 274

37 187

37 218

37 220

37 224

37 228

949

37 232

37 236

38 137

38 167

38 169

38 173

38 177

936

38 181

38 185

39 074

39 104

39 106

39 110

39 114

923

39 117

39 121

39 997

40 026

40 028

40 032

40 036

910

40 040

40 044

40 907

40 936

40 938

40 942

40 946

- 62 -

Table 10 - 512-byte sector disks: 55 groups (cont.) Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

Buffer Start

Data Start

Parity Start

Spares Start

Buffer Start

Test Start

Buffer Start

897

40 950

40 954

41 805

41 833

41 835

41 839

41 843

884

41 847

41 851

42 689

42 717

42 719

42 723

42 727

871

42 731

42 735

43 561

43 588

43 590

43 594

43 598

858

43 602

43 606

44 419

44 446

44 448

44 452

44 456

845

44 460

44 464

45 265

45 291

45 293

45 297

45 301

832

45 305

45 309

46 123

46 097

46 125

46 129

46 133

819

46 137

46 141

46 917

46 944

46 948

46 952

806

46 956

46 960

47 723

47 750

47 754

47 758

793

47 762

47 766

48 517

48 541

48 543

48 547

48 551

780

48 555

48 559

49 297

49 321

49 323

49 327

49 331

767

49 335

49 339

50 065

50 088

50 090

50 094

50 098

754

50 102

50 106

50 819

50 842

50 844

50 848

50 852

741

50 856

50 860

51 561

51 583

51 585

51 589

51 593

728

51 597

51 601

52 289

52 311

52 313

52 317

52 321

715

52 325

52 329

53 005

53 026

53 028

53 032

53 036

702

53 040

53 707

53 728

53 730

53 734

53 738

689

53 742

53 746

54 397

54 417

54 419

54 423

54 427

676

54 431

54 435

55 073

55 093

55 095

55 099

55 103

663

55 107

55 111

55 737

55 756

55 762

55 766

DMA3

55 758

DMA4

55 760

- 63 -

Table 11 - 512-byte sector disks: 1 group Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

105

1 365

DMA1

Buffer Start

Data Start

Parity Start

Spares Start

Buffer Test Start Buffer Start Start

1 353

1 357

1 361

DMA2

104

1 352

1 365

1 369

2 705

2 709

2 713

103

1 339

2 717

2 721

4 044

4 048

4 052

102

1 326

4 056

4 060

5 370

5 374

5 378

101

1 313

5 382

5 386

6 683

6 687

6 691

100

1 300

6 695

6 699

7 983

7 987

7 991

1 287

7 995

7 999

9 270

9 274

9 278

1 274

9 282

9 286

10 544

10 548

10 552

1 261

10 556

10 560

11 805

11 809

11 813

1 248

11 817

11 821

13 053

13 057

13 061

1 235

13 065

13 069

14 288

14 292

14 296

1 222

14 300

14 304

15 510

15 514

15 518

1 209

15 522

15 526

16 719

16 723

16 727

1 196

16 731

16 735

17 915

17 919

17 923

1 183

17 927

17 931

19 098

19 102

19 106

1 170

19 110

19 114

20 268

20 272

20 276

1 157

20 280

20 284

21 425

21 429

21 433

1 144

21 437

21 441

22 569

22 573

22 577

1 131

22 581

22 585

23 700

23 704

23 708

1 118

23 712

23 716

24 818

24 822

24 826

1 105

24 830

24 834

25 923

25 927

25 931

1 092

25 935

25 939

27 015

27 019

27 023

1 079

27 027

27 031

28 094

28 098

28 102

1 066

28 106

28 110

29 160

29 164

29 168

1 053

29 172

29 176

30 213

30 217

30 221

1 040

30 225

30 229

31 253

31 257

31 261

1 027

31 265

31 269

32 280

32 284

32 288

1 014

32 292

32 296

33 294

33 298

33 302

1 001

33 306

33 310

34 295

34 299

34 303

988

34 307

34 311

35 283

35 287

35 291

975

35 295

35 299

36 258

36 262

36 266

962

36 270

36 274

37 220

37 224

37 228

949

37 232

37 236

38 169

38 173

38 177

936

38 181

38 185

39 105

39 109

39 113

923

39 117

39 121

40 028

40 032

40 036

- 64 -

Table 11 - 512-byte sector disks: 1 group (cont.) Band Number

Sectors per rev.

Number of tracks per Band

Start Track

Buffer Start

Data Start

910

40 040

897

40 950

884

871

Buffer Start

Test Start

Buffer Start

40 044

40 938

40 942

40 946

40 950

40 954

41 835

41 839

41 843

41 847

41 851

42 719

42 723

42 727

42 731

42 735

43 590

43 594

43 598

858

43 602

43 606

44 448

44 452

44 456

845

44 460

44 464

45 293

45 297

45 301

832

45 305

45 309

46 125

46 129

46 133

819

46 137

46 141

46 944

46 948

46 952

806

46 956

46 960

47 750

47 754

47 758

793

47 762

47 766

48 543

48 547

48 551

780

48 555

48 559

49 323

49 327

49 331

767

49 335

49 339

50 090

50 094

50 098

754

50 102

50 106

50 844

50 848

50 852

741

50 856

50 860

51 585

51 589

51 593

728

51 597

51 601

52 313

52 317

52 321

715

52 325

52 329

53 028

53 032

53 036

702

53 040

53 044

53 730

53 734

53 738

689

53 742

53 746

53 973

54 419

54 423

54 427

676

54 431

54 435

55 095

55 099

55 103

663

55 107

55 111

55 762

55 766

DMA3

55 758

DMA4

55 760

18.4

Parity Start

Spares Start

55 648

Defect Management Areas (DMAs) The four Defect Management Areas contain information on the structure of the User Area and on the defect management. The locations of the DMAs are shown in tables 8 to 11. Each DMA shall have a length of 25 sectors for 1 024-byte sectors and 46 sectors for 512-byte sectors. The addresses of the first sector of each DMA is given by table 12. Table 12 - Location of the DMAs 1 024-byte sectors DMA Number

512-byte sectors

track numbers sector numbers track numbers sector numbers

DMA 1

DMA 2

DMA 3

58 728

55 758

DMA 4

58 730

55 760

For Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM, P-ROM-R, WO, and WO-R, the unused sectors that lie between DMA1 and DMA2 and those that lie between DMA3 and DMA4, are reserved for future standardization.

- 65 -

Each DMA shall contain a Disk Definition Structure, a Primary Defect List (PDL) and a Secondary Defect List (SDL). The contents of the four PDLs shall be identical and the contents of the SDLs shall be identical. The only differences between the four DDSs shall be the pointers to each associated PDL and SDL. After initialization, each DMA shall have the following contents: − the first sector shall contain the DDS; − the second sector shall be the first sector of the PDL for Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM, P-ROM-R, WO, and WO-R; − the SDL shall begin in the first sector following the PDL for Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM, P-ROM-R, WO, and WO-R. The lengths of the PDL and SDL are determined by the number of entries in them. The contents of the remaining sectors of the DMAs after the SDL are not specified for Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM, P-ROM-R, WO and WO-R, and shall be ignored during interchange. The start address of a PDL and that of the SDL within each DDS shall reference the PDL and the SDL in the same DMA. For Type O-ROM and O-ROM-R, except for the DDS sectors, the Data fields of all sectors in the DMAs shall be set to (FF).

18.5

Disk Definition Structure The DDS shall consist of a table with a length of one sector. It specifies the method of initialization of the disk, the division of the User Area into groups, the kind of data sectors within each group, and the start addresses of the PDL and SDL. The DDS shall be recorded in the first sector of each DMA at the end of initialization of the disk. On Type O-ROM and O-ROM-R disks, the DDS shall be embossed. For Type P-ROM and P-ROM-R, the values of some of the DDS parameters are specified by the manufacturer and recorded in the control SFP Zones. Tables 13 and 14 summarize the information that shall be recorded in each of the four DDSs.

- 66 -

Table 13 - Byte assignment of the Disk Definition Structure (1 024-byte sector) Byte

Content

No.

Mandatory Settings R/W, R/W-R

WO, WO-R

O-ROM, O-ROM-R

P-ROM P-ROM-R

DDS Identifier

(0A)

(05)

(0A)

DDS Identifier

(0A)

(05)

(0A)

Reserved

(00)

Fully Embossed

n.a.

(00)

n.a.

Disk Certified

(01)

n.a.

(01)

Disk Not Certified

(02)

n.a.

(02)

Number of Groups MSB

(00)

Number of Groups LSB

(01) or (1E)

(1E)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Start of PDL, Track MSB

(FF)

Start of PDL, Track

(FF)

Start of PDL, Track LSB

(FF)

Start of PDL, Sector Number

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track MSB

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track LSB

(FF)

Start of SDL, Sector Number

(FF)

Band 0 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01)

Band 1 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

Band 28 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

Band 29 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

(00)

52 to 1023

In the above table, the symbol (-) means that the appropriate value is to be entered in the DDS, and n.a. means "not applicable".

- 67 -

Table 14 - Byte assignment of the Disk Definition Structure (512-byte sector) Byte

Content

No.

Mandatory Settings R/W, R/W-R

WO, WO-R

O-ROM O-ROM-R

P-ROM P-ROM-R

DDS Identifier

(0A)

(05)

(0A)

DDS Identifier

(0A)

(05)

(0A)

Reserved

(00)

Fully Embossed

n.a.

(00)

n.a.

Disk Certified

(01)

n.a.

(01)

Disk Not Certified

(02)

n.a.

(02)

Number of Groups MSB

(00)

Number of Groups LSB

(01) or (37)

(37)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Reserved

(00)

Start of PDL, Track MSB

(FF)

Start of PDL, Track

(FF)

Start of PDL, Track LSB

(FF)

Start of PDL, Sector Number

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track MSB

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track

(FF)

Start of SDL, Track LSB

(FF)

Start of SDL, Sector Number

(FF)

Band 0 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01)

Band 1 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

Band 53 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

Band 54 Type

(01)

(04)

(02)

(01) or (02)

(00)

77 511

In the above table, the symbol (-) means that the appropriate value is to be entered in the DDS, and n.a. means "not applicable".

18.6

Rewritable Zone Types R/W, R/W-R, P-ROM and P-ROM-R disks shall have a Rewritable Zone. The Rewritable Zone is intended for the user to write data into. The Data field of all sectors in this zone shall not contain any embossed data.

- 68 -

18.6.1

Location For Types R/W and R/W-R the Rewritable Zone shall extend from sector 0 of track 4 to the last sector of track 58 727/55 757. For Types P-ROM and P-ROM-R the Rewritable Zone shall extend from sector 0 of track 4 to the last sector of the last track of the Band preceding the first Band of the Embossed Zone.

18.6.2

Partitioning During initialization of the disk, the User Zone shall be partitioned into 1 or 30/55 consecutive groups (see tables 8 to 11). Each group shall comprise tracks of data sectors followed by tracks of spare sectors. The total number of spare sectors shall not exceed 2 048.

18.7

Embossed Zone Types P-ROM, P-ROM-R, and O-ROM, O-ROM-R shall have an Embossed Zone. It shall contain data embossed by the manufacturer of the disk. The layout of all sectors in this zone shall be as specified in clause 15.

18.7.1

Location For Types P-ROM and P-ROM-R the Embossed Zone shall start at sector 0 of the Data Start track (table 8 to 11) of the Band which follows the rewritable zone. The last track of the Embossed Zone on Types P-ROM and PROM-R shall be track 58 727/55 757. For Types O-ROM and O-ROM-R, the Embossed Zone shall start at sector 0 of track 4 and end at the last sector of track 58 727/55 757.

18.7.2

Partitioning Types O-ROM and O-ROM-R shall be partitioned into 1 or 30/55 groups. Types P-ROM and P-ROM-R shall be partitioned into 30/55 groups. The rewritable zone shall start in group 0. Both the Rewritable Zone and the Embossed Zone shall have been partitioned into consecutive groups constructed from the bands. In the Embossed Zone, each group shall comprise data sectors and parity sectors. Both the data sector and the parity sector areas of all groups shall start at sector 0. Each group shall comprise full tracks of data sectors followed by full tracks of spare sectors or parity sectors as shown in tables 7 to 10. For Types P-ROM, P-ROM-R and O-ROM, O-ROM-R, there may be a number of tracks remaining after the parity sector areas in each group. These remaining tracks shall be located after the track that contains the final parity sector. The Data field of any unused sector within the Embossed Zone shall have all user data bytes set to (FF), except tracks 58 726 and 58 727 for 1 024-byte sectors, or 55 756 and 55 757 for 512-byte sectors of Type P-ROM and P-ROM-R disks, the Data Fields of which, as well as the VFO3 fields, shall contain no embossed data.

18.7.3

Parity sectors The embossed parity sectors provide an error correction system for embossed data over the user data bytes and DMP bytes 1 025 to 1 036 or 513 to 524 of each sector in addition to the ECC. They allow the drive to correct one sector on a track that cannot be corrected by the ECC, assuring a high data integrity. If more than one sector on a track cannot be corrected by ECC, then it is not possible to recover any of these defective sectors by the use of parity sectors. The Data field of parity sectors contain 1 036/524 (512-byte sector) parity bytes (PB), calculated as an Exclusive OR (⊕) over the user data bytes and DMP bytes 1 025 to 1 036 or 513 to 524 (DB), of the data sectors on one track of the group. The algorithm shall be PBT,n= DBt,0,n⊕ DBt,1,n ⊕...DBt,j,n where 1 ≤ t ≤ m {Number of Embossed data tracks} j = 16 or 30

- 69 -

1 ≤ n ≤ 1 036 or 524 PBT,n is byte An of Parity Sector T, and DBt,j,n is byte An of sector j on track t of the group. An is defined in annex F. The parity bytes are calculated over the user data bytes and bytes 513 to 516, excluding the Resync bytes. The CRC, ECC, and Resync bytes as defined in annex F shall be required with each parity sector. The parity sectors for each track of the group shall be stored consecutively in the sectors allocated to them in each Band, starting with the first sector. The first parity sector of a Band is associated with the first track of the data sectors of the same Band, the second parity sector is associated with the second track of the data sectors, and so on until all tracks with data sectors have an associated Parity Sector. The contents of the Data field of the unused parity sectors shall be set to (FF) and shall contain data complying with the layout as given in annex F.

18.8

Write Once Zone Types WO and WO-R shall contain a Write Once Zone. The Write Once Zone is intended for the user to write data into. The Data field of all sectors in this zone shall not contain any embossed data.

18.8.1

Location The Write Once Zone shall extend from sector 0 of track 4 to the last sector of track 58 727 /55 757. Every band of these disks shall be recorded in bytes 22 to 51/76 of the DDS as being Write Once.

18.8.2

Partitioning During initialization of the disk, the Write Once Zone shall be partitioned into 1 or 30/55 consecutive groups. If one group is used, it shall span the entire Write Once Zone; if 30/55 Bands are used, each Band shall comprise full tracks of data sectors followed by full tracks of spare sectors.

Defect Management in the Rewritable and Write Once Zones Defective sectors on the disk shall be replaced by good sectors according to the defect management scheme described below. Each side of the disk shall be initialized before use. This ECMA Standard allows media initialization with or without certification. Defective sectors found during certification are handled by a Sector Slipping Algorithm. Defective sectors found after initialization are handled by a Linear Replacement Algorithm. The total number of defective sectors on a side of the disk, replaced by both algorithms, shall not be greater than 2 048.

19.1

Initialization of the disk During initialization of the disk, the four DMAs are recorded prior to the first use of the disk. The User Area is divided into Bands, each containing data sectors and spare sectors. Media initialization can include a certification of the rewritable Bands and Write Once Bands, whereby defective sectors are identified and skipped. For Type WO and WO-R disks only a single initialization is allowed. Once the DMAs are recorded, it indicates that the disk is initialized and that no further initialization is permitted. All sectors in the write once zone shall be in the erased state at the end of initialization. All DDS parameters shall be recorded in the four DDS sectors. The PDL and SDL shall be recorded in the four DMAs. The content of the PDLs and SDLs are shown in tables 15 and 16.

19.2

Certification If the disk is certified, the certification shall be applied to all sectors of rewritable Bands in the User Area. The method of certification is not stated by this ECMA Standard. It may involve erasing, writing, and reading of sectors. Defective sectors found during certification shall be handled by the Slipping Algorithm (see 19.2.1) or, where applicable, by the Linear Replacement Algorithm (see 19.2.2). Defective sectors shall not be used for reading or writing. Guidelines for replacing defective sectors are given in annex S.

19.2.1

Slipping Algorithm The Slipping Algorithm shall be applied individually to each and every band on the disk if certification is performed. A defective data sector found during certification shall be replaced by the first good sector following the defective sector, and so causes a slip of one sector towards the end of the band. The last data sectors will slip into the spare sector area. The address of the defective sector is written in the PDL. If no defective sectors are found during certification, an empty PDL shall be recorded.

- 70 -

The addresses of spare sectors, beyond the last data sector slipped into the spare area (if any), which are found to be defective during certification shall be recorded in the PDL. Thus, the number of available spare sectors is diminished accordingly. If the spare sector area of a band becomes exhausted during certification, the defective sector shall be handled by the Linear Replacement Algorithm. This process involves assigning a replacement sector from the spare area of another band and cannot be accomplished until the other band has been certified. This is due to the fact that the next available spare sector is not known until its group is certified, i.e. the Slipping Algorithm has been applied. 19.2.2

Linear Replacement Algorithm The Linear Replacement Algorithm is used to handle defective sectors found after certification. It is also used during certification in the event of the spare area of a Band becoming exhausted. The defective sector shall be replaced by the first available spare sector of the Band. If a replacement sector is found to be defective, it shall be replaced by the next available spare sector in that band. The addresses of the defective sector and the replacement sector shall be recorded in the SDL. If there are no spare sectors left in the Band, the defective sector shall be replaced by the first available spare sector of another Band. The addresses of sectors already recorded in the PDL shall not be recorded in the SDL. If a replacement sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, it shall be dealt with by making a new entry in the SDL indicating a replacement sector for that defective sector.

19.3

Disks not certified The Linear Replacement Algorithm is also used to handle sectors found defective on disks which have not been certified. The defective sector shall be replaced by the first available spare sector of the Band. If there are no spare sectors left in the Band, the defective data and spare sector shall be replaced by the first available spare sector of another Band. The addresses of the defective sector and the replacement sector shall be recorded in the SDL. If a replacement sector is found to be defective, it shall be replaced by the next available spare sector in that Band. If a replacement sector listed in the SDL is later found to be defective, it shall be dealt with by making a new entry in the SDL indicating a replacement sector for that defective sector.

19.4

Write procedure When writing or reading data in the sectors of a Band, all defective sectors listed in the PDL shall be skipped and the data shall be written in the next data sector according to the Slipping Algorithm. If a sector to be written is listed in the SDL, the data shall be written in the spare sector pointed to by the SDL, according to the Linear Replacement Algorithm. For Type WO and WO-R after initialization, all sectors in the User Area shall be in the erased state. Erasing of sectors in the User Area after initialization is not permitted. Before writing a sector in the User Area of a Type WO, it shall be determined whether or not the sector has been written. If the sector has been written, a write operation is not permitted. During write operations, sectors shall always be recorded with DMP, CRC, and ECC bytes as specified by this ECMA Standard. See also annex V for guidelines for the use of Type WO.

19.5

Primary Defect List (PDL) The PDL shall consist of bytes specifying − the length of the PDL, − the sector addresses of defective sectors, identified at initialization, in ascending order of track and sector addresses. Table 15 shows the PDL byte layout. All remaining bytes of the last sector in which the Primary Defect List is recorded, shall be set to (FF). If no defective sectors are detected, then the first defective sector address is set to (FF) and bytes specifying the number of entries are set to (00). During initialization, a PDL shall be recorded; this PDL may be empty.

- 71 -

Table 15 - Primary Defect List Byte No.

Description

0 1 2 3

(00) PDL Identifier (01) PDL Identifier Number of entries MSB (each entry is 4 bytes lond) Number of entries LSB (If bytes 2 and 3 are (00), byte 3 is the end of the PDL) Address of the first defective sector (track number MSB) Address of the first defective sector (track number) Address of the first defective sector (track number LSB) Address of the first defective sector (sector number) . . . Address of the ((n-3)/4)th defective sector (track number MSB) Address of the ((n-3)/4)th defective sector (track number) Address of the ((n-3)/4)th defective sector (track number LSB) Address of the ((n-3)/4)th defective sector (sector number)

4 5 6 7 . . . n-3 n-2 n-1 n

19.6

Secondary Defect List (SDL) The SDL is used to record the addresses of data and spare sectors which have become defective after initialization and those of their respective replacements. Eight bytes are used for each entry. The first 4 bytes specify the address of the defective sector and the next 4 bytes specify the address of the replacement sector. The SDL shall consist of bytes identifying the SDL, specifying the length of the SDL, and of a list containing the addresses of defective sectors and those of their replacement sectors. The addresses of the data and spare defective sectors shall be in ascending order. Table 16 shows the SDL layout. All remaining bytes of the last sector in which the SDL is recorded shall be set to (FF). An empty SDL shall consist of bytes 0 to 3 as shown in table 16; bytes 2 and 3 shall be set to (00).

- 72 -

Table 16 - Secondary Defect List Byte No.

Description

0 1 2 3

(00) SDL Identifier (02) SDL Identifier Number of addresses in the SDL, MSB (each entry is 8 bytes long) Number of addresses in the SDL, LSB (If bytes 2 and 3 are set to (00), byte 3 is the end of the SDL) Address of the first defective sector (track number, MSB) Address of the first defective sector (track number) Address of the first defective sector (track number, LSB) Address of the first defective sector (sector number) Address of the first replacement sector (track number, MSB) Address of the first replacement sector (track number) Address of the first replacement sector (track number, LSB) Address of the first replacement sector (sector number) . . . Address of the last defective sector (track number, MSB) Address of the last defective sector (track number) Address of the last defective sector (track number, LSB) Address of the last defective sector (sector number) Address of the last replacement sector (track number, MSB) Address of the last replacement sector (track number) Address of the last replacement sector (track number, LSB) Address of the last replacement sector (sector number)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 . . . n-7 n-6 n-5 n-4 n-3 n-2 n-1 n

- 73 -

Section 4 : Characteristics of embossed information 20

Method of testing The format of the embossed information on the disk is defined in clauses 13 to 18. Clauses 21 to 24 specify the requirements for the signals from grooves, Headers, embossed data, and Control Track PEP marks, as obtained when using the Reference Drive specified in clause 9. Clauses 21 to 24 specify the average quality of the embossed information over the sector recorded according to the sector format defined in clause 15 and 16. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors, erroneous Headers, or errors in the Data fields. These errors are covered in section 6.

20.1

Environment All signals specified in clauses 21 to 24 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2.

20.2

Use of the Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 21 to 24 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

20.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to f). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

20.2.2

Read power The read power is the optical power incident at the entrance surface, used when reading, and is specified as follows for the stated zones (see clause 17): a) PEP Zone The read power shall not exceed the value specified in 17.3. b) SFP Zone The read power shall not exceed the value given in byte 6 of the PEP Zone (see 17.3.2.1.4). c) User zone The read power shall not exceed the value given in byte 21 of the SFP Zone (see 17.4.2).

20.2.3

Read channels The drive shall have a read Channel, in which the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens is measured. This Channel shall have the implementation as given by Channel 1 in 9.1.

20.2.4

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall have an axial deviation of not more than emax (axial) = 1,0 mm from the recording layer, and it shall have a radial deviation of not more than emax (radial) = 0,10 mm from the centre of a track. The radial tracking servo used for this measurement requires a higher performance than that specified in 11.4.8.

20.3

Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photodiode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector. The signals from the two halves of the split photodiode detector in the Tracking Channel are indicated by I1 and I2. The signals in the Tracking Channel are referenced to the average signal (I1 + I2)a, which is the sum of the signals obtained from an unrecorded ungrooved area in the PEP Zone.

- 74 -

The signals in Channel 1 are referenced to the signal I0, which is the average signal in Channel 1 from an unrecorded area in the PEP Zone. Figure 24 shows the signals specified in clauses 21 to 24. Light beam

Beam on unrecorded ungrooved area in the PEP zone

Split photodiode

( I 1+ I2)

a ( I 1 + I2 )

( I 1 + I2 )

0 Level

Beam across tracks

( I -I ) 2

peak-to-peak

95-0050-A

Figure 24A - Signals from grooves in the tracking Channel

Sector Mark ar ea Beam on unrecorded, ungrooved area in PEP zone

Io t

VFO

AM,

area

ID,

Beam on grooved area without embossed data

vfo

0 Level

95-0050b-A

Figure 24B - Signals from Headers in Channel 1 Figure 24 - Illustration of the various parameters for read characteristics

Signal from grooves The signals (I1 + I2) and (I1 - I2) shall be filtered in order that frequencies above 1 MHz are attenuated by at least 40 dB thereby eliminating the effect of modulation due to embossed marks.

- 75 -

21.1

Cross-track signal modulation ratio The cross-track signal is the sinusoidal sum signal (I1 +I2) in the Tracking Channel, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The signal can be used by the drive to locate the centre of the tracks. The peak-to-peak value of the cross-track signal shall meet the following requirements: a) in areas containing embossed Headers and embossed Recording fields: Parallel polarization in the User Zone 0,08 ≤ [ (I1 + I2)OL- (I1 + I2)OG] /(I1 +I2)a ≤ 0,50 Parallel polarization outside the User Zone 0,05 ≤ [ (I1 + I2)OL - (I1 + I2)OG] /(I1 +I2)a ≤ 0,50 Perpendicular polarization 0,10 ≤ [ (I1 + I2)OL- (I1 + I2)OG] /(I1 +I2)a ≤ 0,50 b) in grooved areas in the Formatted Zone without embossed Recording fields: Parallel polarization 0,20 ≤ [ (I1 + I2)OL - (I1 + I2)OG] /(I1 +I2)a ≤ 0,60 Perpendicular polarization 0,25 ≤ [ (I1 + I2)OL - (I1 + I2)OG] /(I1 +I2)a ≤ 0,70 where I1 and I2 are the outputs of the two halves of the split diode detector in the Tracking Channel (see clause 9). (I1 + I2)OG indicates the minimum signal when the beam crosses the tracks and (I1 + I2)OL indicates the maximum signal when the beam crosses the tracks and (I1 + I2)a is the reference signal.. Over the whole disk this ratio shall not vary by more than 3 dB.

21.2

Cross-track minimum signal ratio The cross-track minimum signal shall meet the following requirements: a) in areas containing embossed Headers and embossed Recording fields: (I1 + I2)OG / (I1 + I2)a ≥ 0,15 b) in grooved areas in the Formatted Zone without embossed Recording Fields: (I1 + I2)OG) / (I1 + I2)a ≥ 0,25

21.3

Push-pull ratio The push-pull signal is the sinusoidal difference signal (I1 - I2) in the tracking Channel, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The signal can be used by the drive for radial tracking. The peak-to-peak value of the push-pull signal shall meet the following requirements a) in grooved areas with embossed data in the Formatted Zone: Parallel Polarization 0,15 ≤ (| I1 - I2|) / (I1 + I2)a ≤ 0,65 Perpendicular polarization 0,10 ≤ (| I1 - I2 |) / (I1 + I2)a ≤ 0,60 b) in grooved areas in the Formatted Zone without embossed Recording fields: Parallel polarization 0,40 ≤ (| I1 - I2 |) / (I1 + I2)a ≤ 0,65 Perpendicular polarization 0,25 ≤ (| I1 - I2 |) / (I1 + I2)a ≤ 0,60

- 76 -

where (|I1 - I2|) is the peak-to-peak amplitude of the differential output of the two halves of the split photodiode detector in the Tracking Channel.

21.4

Divided push-pull signal The first term of the divided push-pull signal is the peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the unrecorded or preformatted data area of grooved tracks divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses these areas. The second term of the divided push-pull signal is the ratio of the minimum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the pre-formatted data area of grooved tracks to maximum peak-to-peak amplitude derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I1 - I2) divided by the instantaneous level of the sum output (I1 + I2) from the split photodiode detector when the light beam crosses the pre-formatted data area of grooved tracks. The split photodiode detector separator shall be parallel to the projected track axis. In this measurement, the I1 and I2 signals shall be provided by the split photodiode detector. The tracking servo shall be operating in open-loop mode during this measurement. The first term shall meet the following requirements: Parallel polarization 0,65 ≤ [(I1 - I2)/(I1 + I2)]pp ≤ 1,05 Perpendicular polarization 0,40 ≤ [(I1 - I2)/(I1 + I2)]pp ≤ 0,90 The second term shall satisfy [(I1 - I2)/(I1 + I2)]ppmin/[(I1- I2)/(I1+ I2)]ppmax ≥ 0, 70

21.5

On-track signal ratio The on-track signal is the signal in Channel 1 when tracking in a grooved area without embossed data. The on-track signal Iot shall meet the following requirements: 0,070 ≤

I ot I0

0,12 ≤ Rm 0,42 ≤ Rm

≤ 1,00

I ot I0 I ot I0

≤ 0,26 (for R/W, P-ROM, WO) ≤ 0,81 (for O-ROM)

At any point in the Formatted Zone, except in the Lead-out Zone, the variation of Iot shall meet the following requirements: (Iot max - Iot min) / (Iot max + Iot min) ≤ 0,15 where Iot max is the maximum value of Iot. Iot min is the minimum value of Iot.

21.6

Phase depth The phase depth of the grooves equals n ´d

360

where: n is the index of refraction of the substrate

- 77 -

d is the groove depth λ is the wavelength The phase depth shall be less than 180°.

21.7

Track location The tracks are located at those places on the disk where (I1 - I2) equals zero and (I1 + I2) has its maximum value.

Signals from Headers The signal obtained from the embossed Headers shall be measured in Channel 1 of the Reference Drive. The signal from an embossed mark in the recording layer is defined as the peak-to-peak value of the modulation of the signal in Channel l caused by the mark when the beam follows a recorded track. The level of all signals from embossed marks shall be less than IOL.

22.1

Sector Mark Signals The signal I sm from the Sector Mark shall meet the requirement Ism / I0 ≥ 0,40

22.2

VFO signals The signals from the VFO1 and VFO2 fields shall meet the requirement 1,00 ≥ Ivfo / I0 ≥ 0,20 where Ivfo is the peak-to-peak amplitude of the read signal from the VFO area. In addition, the condition | Ivfo / Ipmax | ≥ 0,30 shall be satisfied within each sector, where Ip is the signal in that sector from pre-recorded marks and Ivfo is the peak-to-peak amplitude of the read signal from the VFO area.

22.3

Address Mark, ID and PA signals The signals from these fields shall meet the requirements 1,00 > Ip / I0 > 0,20 Ipmin / Ipmax ≥ 0,30

22.4

Timing jitter The header signal shall be read and detected using the read Channel circuit defined in annex H under the conditions specified in 20.2.2. The timing jitter Jt(H) and the edge shift St(H) shall be measured according to the procedure in annex J shall meet the following requirements: Jt(H) < 0,075 T St(H) < 0,10 T where T is the Channel clock period, Jt(H) is the standard deviation (sigma) of the difference between the length of mark or space and the mean value of each n T mark or n T space, and St(H) is the difference between the mean value of the measured lengths and the ideal length of each mark or space. The ideal length corresponds to n Channel bit times T. Jt and St are illustrated in figure J.1. All the time interval samples detected from the Header signals on the recording layer shall satisfy the condition of both Jt(H) and St(H).

- 78 -

23 23.1

Signals from embossed Recording fields Signal amplitude If the disk has an Embossed Zone, the Recording fields of all sectors in this zone shall contain embossed marks. The signals from these marks shall be measured in Channel 1 (see 9.1). Acceptable defects of the marks are specified in section 6. The signal from all embossed Recording fields is defined as the peak-to-peak value of the modulation of the signal. The signal Ip from marks in the Recording fields of the Embossed Zone shall meet the following requirements: 1,00 > Ip / I0 > 0,20 Ipmin / Ipmax ≥ 0,30 The last requirement applies over Recording fields. Ipmin and Ipmax are the signals with minimum and maximum amplitude in the Recording field of a sector.

23.2

Modulation method offset Procedure Read and detect the data signal with no equalization under the conditions given in 20.2.2. The threshold fractional value may be varied in this test to compensate for edge motion of the marks due to parameter variations. Measure the detected signal in two ways using a time interval analyzer: 1. the mean leading-to-trailing edge (mark) lengths; and 2. the mean trailing-to-leading edge (space) lengths. The measurement shall be made using 105 independent time interval samples on several tracks at each testing location. The offset for any desired run of length n is the absolute value of the difference of the detected signal length Ln minus n times T. Adjust the threshold level once for both measurements to minimize the worst case offset for this radial position and express it as a percentage of the Channel bit time T. The modulation method offset Omod is the maximum percentage offset over all n and over all radial positions R. max æ L - nT ö percent O mod = 100 n ,R ç n ÷ T è

The modulation method offset Omod shall be less than 10% of the time period T of one Channel bit.

23.3

Timing Jitter The embossed data signal shall be read and detected using the read Channel circuit defined in annex H under the conditions specified in 20.2.2. The timing jitter Jtd and the edge shift StD shall be measured according to the procedure in annex J and shall meet the following requirements: Jtd < 0,075T Std < 0,10T where T is the Channel clock period, Jt(D) is the standard deviation (sigma) of the difference between the measured length of mark or space and the mean value of each nT mark or nT space, and St(D) is the difference between the mean value of the measured lengths and the ideal length of each mark or space. The ideal length corresponds to n Channel bit times T. Jt and St are illustrated in annex J, figure J.1. All the time interval samples detected from the embossed data signals on the recording layer shall satisfy the former conditions of both Jtd and Std.

Signals from Control Track PEP marks The density of tracks and the shape of marks in the PEP Zone shall be such that the cross-track loss meets the requirement

/ m max / m min

- 79 -

The signal I is obtained from Channel 1 (see 9.1). The signal Im is the maximum amplitude in a group of three successive marks. Im max is the maximum value and Im min is the minimum value of Im obtained over one physical track. Im max shall be greater than 0,4 I0, where I0 is the signal obtained from Channel 1 in an unrecorded ungrooved area. The effect of defects shall be ignored.

Laser beam

Mar ks

Im m i n

Im m a x

0 Level 94-0135-A

Figure 25 - Path of the laser beam when crossing tracks and the resulting PEP signals

- 80 -

Section 5 : Characteristics of the recording layer 25

Method of testing Clauses 26 to 28 describe a series of tests to assess the magneto-optical properties of the Recording layer, as used for writing and erasing data. The tests shall be performed only in the Recording field of the sectors in the Rewritable Zone. If there is no Rewritable Zone for user recording, clauses 27 to 29 shall not apply. The write, read and erase operations necessary for the tests shall be made on the same Reference Drive. Clauses 26 to 28 specify only the average quality of the recording layer. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause write or erase problems. These defects are covered in section 6.

25.1

Environment All signals in clauses 26 to 28 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2

25.2

Reference Drive The write and erase tests described in clauses 26 to 28 shall be measured in Channel 2 of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

25.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to f). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

25.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk and used for reading the information shall be in the range specified in 20.2.2.

25.2.3

Read Channel The Reference Drive shall have a Read Channel which can detect magneto-optical marks in the recording layer. This Channel shall have an implementation equivalent to that given by Channel 2 in 9.3 The edge positions in time shall be measured for testing purposes by a threshold detection method. The threshold value is referenced to the centre of the peak-to-peak envelope of the readback signal. The positive peak and negative peak signals of the envelope circuit shall each contain a single pole filter with a -3 dB roll-off point at 50 kHz. To be valid, the threshold value shall be in a band of 50 % of the peak-to-peak envelope signal zero, and is referenced to the middle of this envelope. Nominally the threshold value shall be zero if the laser power calibration is perfect and there are no parameter variations. However, in some measurements the threshold value may have to be adjusted to minimize the effects of mark size changes due to parameter variations during writing.

25.2.4

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the tracks as specified in 20.2.4.

25.2.5

Signal detection for testing purposes The signal from the Read Channel is not equalized before detection. The signal shall be rolled off with a 3-pole Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of half the Channel clock frequency. All read testing is performed at 3 000 rpm. The edge positions in time shall be measured for testing purposes by a threshold detection method. The threshold value is referenced to the centre of the peak-to-peak envelope of the readback signal. The positive peak and negative peak signals of the envelope circuit shall each contain a single pole filter with a -3 dB roll-off point at 50 kHz. To be valid, the threshold value shall be in a band of 50 % of the peak-to-peak envelope signal zero, and is referenced to the middle of this envelope. Nominally the threshold value shall be zero if the laser power calibration is perfect and there are no parameter variations. However, in some measurements the threshold value may have to be adjusted to minimize the effects of mark size changes due to parameter variations during writing.

- 81 -

25.3 25.3.1

Write conditions Write pulse and power Marks are recorded on the disk by pulses of optical power superimposed onto a specified bias power of 1,5 mW ± 10% (see annex K) at a disk speed of 3 000 rpm. The pulse shape for the purpose of testing is given in annex K. The write power is the power incident at the entrance surface, used when recording in the user zone. Testing shall be carried out with 2T or 4T marks having pulse durations of 1,5 T and 3,5 T respectively, where T is the nominal clock period for the zone corresponding to the test radius. The write power for both the 2T and 4T marks at radii of 30, 45, and 60 mm are given in the SFP Zone (see 17.4.2) and are measured by the method described in 25.3.3. For radii other than 30 mm, 45 mm or 60 mm the values shall be linearly interpolated from the above. For all test cases the actual power used shall be within 5% of those values contained in the SFP zone of the disk or of the result of the interpolation between the values given above. For all test cases the actual pulse width used shall be within 5% of those values given above.

25.3.2

Write magnetic field and temperature The requirement for all tests shall be met over the operating environment except where otherwise noted. The requirements of all tests shall be met for all magnetic field intensities, at the recording layer during recording, in the range from 18 000 A/m to 32 000 A/m except where otherwise noted. The write magnetic fields for all tests, pointing in the north to south direction, shall be within 15¡ from the normal to the Disk Reference Plane P, in the direction of the incident beam, i.e. from the entrance surface to the recording layer.

25.3.3

2T and 4T pulse power determination The following procedure shall be used by the media manufacturer to measure values for the 2 T and 4 T pulse power levels that are recorded in the SFP zone. Erase the tracks and write the following test pattern as a group many times on several tracks at 30, 45, and 60 mm radii using write pulse widths of 1,5 T, 3,5 T, and 7,5 T for the 2T, 4T, and 8T marks respectively. 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 8T 4T 8T 8T 8T M S

S M S

M S

where M and S stand for mark and space respectively. The 8T pulse power shall be the same as the 4T pulse power. The recording shall be done at a media temperature of 25 °C ± 1 °C, a magnetic field intensity at the recording layer of 25 000 A/m ± 5%, and a disk speed of 3 000 rpm. Read and detect the readback signal with the detection method given in 25.2.5. The threshold value shall be 0. Adjust the 4T pulse power so that the readback signal for the 4T mark is exactly 4 Channel bit times T long. Adjust the 2T pulse power so that the DC value of the 2T readback signal is exactly half way between the minimum and maximum signal amplitudes, namely the threshold reference level. Record the 2T and 4T pulse powers. 25.3.4

Media power sensitivity The pulse power Pp is the upper bound of the power required to form 2T marks as a function of pulse duration Tp. Pp is given by the reciprocity relationship  1 + P p= C  T  p



1  mW T p 

where 10 ns < Tp < 60 ns, otherwise

- 82 -

Pp = 8 mW. The data from the procedure in 25.3.3 shall be used by the media manufacturer to calculate the quantity C. C must be less than 55. C = Pp ×

Tp Tp Tp + Tp

< 55

where Pp is the 2T pulse power measured in 25.3.3 and Tp is the 2T pulse duration of 1,5 T.

25.4

Erase conditions Marks are erased from the disk by a constant optical power in the presence of a magnetic field.

25.4.1

Erase power The erase power is the continuous optical power required for any given track at the entrance surface to erase marks written according to 25.3 to a specified level (see clause 28). The continuous erase power level is recorded in the SFP zone for 30 mm, 45 mm, and 60 mm radii at 3 000 rpm (see 17.4.2). For radii other than 30 mm, 45 mm, and 60 mm the values shall be linearly interpolated from the above. The actual erase power shall be equal to the interpolated values ± 5 % . The continuous erase power shall never exceed 10 mW.

25.4.2

Erase magnetic field The requirements of all tests shall be met for all magnetic field intensities at the recording layer during erasing in the range from 18 000 A/m to 32 000 A/m. The erase magnetic field, pointing in the North to South direction, shall be within 15° from the normal to the Disk Reference Plane P, in the direction of the reflected beam, i.e. from the recording layer to the entrance surface.

25.5

Definition of signals The signals in Channel 2 are linearly related to the difference between the currents through the photodiode detectors K1 and K2, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detectors (see 9.1).

26 26.1

Magneto-optical characteristics Figure of merit for magneto-optical signal The figure of merit F is expressed as the product of R, sin q and cos 2β, where R is the reflectance expressed as a decimal fraction, q is the Kerr rotation and β is the ellipticity of the reflected beam. The polarity of the figure of merit is defined to be negative for a written mark in an Fe-rich Fe-Tb alloy layer and with the write magnetic field in the direction specified in 25.3.2. In this case the direction of Kerr rotation is counterclockwise as viewed from the source of the beam. The polarity and the value of the figure of merit shall be specified in bytes 364 and 365 of the SFP Zone (see 17.4.2). This nominal value shall be: 0,001 75 < | F | < 0,005 0 The measurement of the actual value Fm shall be made according to annex L. This actual value Fm shall be within 12% of the nominal value.

26.2

Imbalance of magneto-optical signal The imbalance of the magneto-optical signal is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal in Channel 2 over the amplitude of the signal in Channel 1 measured in the Data field of a sector. The effect of Kerr rotation shall be eliminated, e.g. by alternating the magnetized direction of the recording layer. The phase retarder in the optical system shall be in the neutral position (see 9.1). Imbalance can be caused by birefringence of the disk.

- 83 -

The imbalance shall not exceed 0,06 in the User Zone, throughout the environmental operating range and in a bandwidth from d.c. to 50 kHz.

Write characteristics If there is no Rewritable Zone for user recording, clauses 27 to 29 shall not apply.

27.1

Resolution IL is the peak-to-peak value of the signal obtained in Channel 2 (see 9.2) from 8 T marks and 8T spaces written under any of the conditions given in 25.3, the longest interval allowed by the RLL(1,7) code for each zone, and read under the conditions specified in 20.2.2 c). IH is the peak-to-peak value of the signal obtained in Channel 2 from 2T marks and 2T spaces written under the conditions given in 25.3, the lowest interval allowed by the RLL(1,7) code for each zone ± 0,1 MHz, and read under the condition specified in 20.2.2 c). The resolution IH/IL (see figure 26) shall not be less than 0,30 within any sector. It shall not vary by more than 0,20 over a track.

94-0132-A

Figure 26 - Definition of IL and IH

27.2

Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio The narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the signal level to the noise level of a specified pattern, measured in a 30 kHz bandwidth. It shall be determined as follows. Write a series of 2T marks followed by 2T spaces in the Recording field of a series of sectors at a frequency f0 of the highest frequency allowed by the RLL(1,7) code for each zone ± 0,1 MHz. The write conditions shall be as specified in 25.3.1. Read the Recording fields in Channel 2 with the Read Channel specified in annex H under the conditions specified in 25.2 using a spectrum analyzer with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. Measure the amplitudes of the signal and the noise at the frequency f0 as indicated in figure 27. The measurements shall be corrected for the effect of the Header fields and for any instrumentation error in order to obtain the value for the Recording field only. The narrow- band signal-to-noise ratio is

20 log 10

signal level noise level

The narrow band signal-to-noise ratio shall be greater than 45 dB for all tracks in any sector in the Rewritable Zone for all allowed values of the write magnetic field and for all phase differences between -15° and +15° in the optical system as defined in 9.1. NOTE It is permitted to use a spectrum analyzer with a bandwidth of 3 kHz and to convert the measured value to that for a 30 kHz value.

- 84 -

Amplitude

Signal level

Noise level

Frequ ency f0 95-0051-A

Figure 27 - Amplitude versus frequency for the magneto-optical signal

27.3

Cross-talk ratio The cross-talk ratio definition and measurement procedure describe the entities to be measured in terms of physical tracks. These physical tracks can consist of one or more logical tracks (see 13). The number of logical tracks involved in the measurement must be adjusted for the Band in which the measurement is made.

27.3.1

Rewritable track test method For rewritable tracks the test on cross-talk shall be carried out on any group of five adjacent unrecorded physical tracks, designated (n-2), (n-1), n, (n+1), (n+2), in the Rewritable Zone. Erase the recording field of each of the sectors in these tracks. Write a series of 2T marks followed by 2T spaces at a frequency f1 for each zone ± 0,1 MHz in the Recording field of the sectors in track n. The write conditions shall be as specified in 25.3. Read the Recording fields of the sectors in the tracks (n-1), n and (n+1) under the conditions specified in 25.2.2 and 25.2.3. The cross-talk from a track n to track (n-1) and to track (n+1) shall be lower than -23 dB.

27.3.2

Embossed track test method For embossed tracks, the following test shall be carried out on the tracks indicated below for 1 024-byte sector and 512-byte sector. Table 17 - Correspondence between logical track and physical track 1 024-byte sector

512-byte sector

Logical track/sector

Physical track

Logical track/sector

Physical track

-417/9 to -414/16

-120

-424/19 to -421/30

-125

-413/0 to -410/7

-119

-420/0 to -417/11

-124

-410/8 to -407/15

-118

-417/12 to -414/23

-123

59 036/8 to 59 038/3

22 608

56 480/22 to 56 482/10

22 597

59 038/4 to 59 039/16

22 609

56 482/11 to 56 483/30

22 598

59 040/0 to 59 041/12

22 610

56 484/0 to 56 485/19

22 599

A similar choice of tracks could be taken from the User Zone of a Type P-ROM disk.

- 85 -

For 512-byte sectors: a) Erase physical tracks -124, -123, 22 597, and

22 598;

b) Read physical tracks -125 and -124, 22 598 and 22 599 using Channel 1 under the conditions specified in 20.2.2; Sector Marks from adjacent tracks shall be degated during this test. The cross-talk ratio from physical track -125 to -124 and from physical track 22 599 to 22 598 shall be less than 23 dB in each case. For 1024-byte sectors: a) Erase physical tracks -119, -118, 22 608, and 22 609; b) Read physical tracks -120, -119, 22 609 and 22 610 using Channel 1 under the conditions specified in 20.2.2. Sector Marks from adjacent tracks shall be degated during this test. The cross-talk ratio from physical track -120 to -119 and from physical track 22 610 to 22 609 shall be less than 23 dB in each case.

27.4

Timing Jitter The following procedure shall be used to determine timing jitter. Erase the tracks and write a 4T mark and a 4T space tone on several tracks at 30 mm, 45 mm, and 60 mm radii under the conditions given in 25.3.1 and 25.4.1 using the erase and 4T pulse power levels as defined in the SFP zone. Read and detect the data signal with the detection method given in 25.2.5. Adjust the threshold value so that the readback signal for the 4 T mark is exactly 4 Channel bit times T long. To be valid, the threshold value shall be in a band of 50 % of the peak-to-peak envelope signal zero, and is referenced to the middle of this envelope. Measure the length in time of the leading-to-trailing edge of the detected data from the 4T mark with a time interval analyzer. The timing jitter is the standard deviation (one sigma) of the measured time interval L4. The measurements shall be made using 105 independent time interval samples on several tracks at each radial location. The value of timing jitter (due to the media) shall be less than 7,5 % of the time period T of one Channel bit.

27.5

Media thermal build-up during mark formation The media thermal build-up test uses a special pattern to measure the additional mark length in a 8T mark caused by the preheating of the first half of the mark which is equivalent to a 4T mark. The following procedure shall be used to determine the media thermal build-up during mark formation. Erase the tracks and write the following test pattern as a group many times on several tracks at the 30 mm, 45 mm and 60 mm radii using the write conditions of 25.3.1 and 25.4.1 and the 4T pulse powers given in the SFP zone. 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 8T 4T 8T 8T 8T M

where M and S stand for mark and space respectively. The 8T mark pulse power shall be the same as that for the 4T mark. The 8T pulse duration shall be equal to the 4T pulse duration plus 4T. Read and detect the data signal with the detection method given in 25.2.5. Adjust the threshold value so that the readback signal for the 4T mark is exactly 4 Channel bit times T long. To be valid, the threshold value shall be in a band of 50 % of the peak-to-peak envelope signal zero, and is referenced to the middle of this envelope. Measure the thermal build up offset Oth, which is the value of the difference between the mean detected 8T signal L8 minus the mean detected 4T signal L4 and minus 4 times T, using a time interval analyzer. The measurements shall be made using 105 independent time interval samples on several tracks at each radial location.

- 86 -

Oth = 100

L8 - L4 - 4T

The absolute value of the thermal buildup offset Oth shall be less than 20 % of the time period T of one Channel bit.

Erase power determination This procedure shall be used by the media manufacturer to determine the erase powers that are recorded in the SFP zone. The erase power is the continuous power level for the given radius and rpm that is sufficient to erase the current track without erasing the adjacent track. The conditions for the erase power measurement are that the media temperature is 25 °C ± 1 °C, the magnetic field intensities at the recording layer has a value of 25 000 A/m ± 1 250 A/m at the test rpm. Erase four adjacent tracks n, n+1, n+2, and n+3 in the User Zone with a relatively high erase power. Write a 2T tone on track n+1 and a 4T tone on track n+2 under the conditions given in 25.3.1. Erase track n+1 with the erase power to be tested. Measure the signal amplitude on both tracks n+1 and n+2 with a spectrum analyzer. Perform this test sequence with an initial low erase test power and increase the erase test power by 0,5 mW each time the test is repeated. Plot the track n+1 and track n+2 signal amplitudes as a function of the erase test power. Choose the erase power to be half way between the erase power where the track n+2 signal amplitude drops by 3 dB and the power where the track n+1 signal amplitude first reaches the media limited noise floor.

- 87 -

Section 6 : Characteristics of user data 29

Method of testing Clauses 30 and 31 describe a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this ECMA Standard. It checks the legibility of both embossed and user-written data. The data is assumed to be arbitrary. The userwritten data may have been written by any drive in any environment. The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive. Whereas clauses 20 to 28 disregard defects, clauses 30 and 31 include them as unavoidable deterioration of the read signals. The gravity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the Error Detection and Correction circuit in the read Channel defined below. The requirements in clauses 30 and 31 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.

29.1

Environment All signals specified in clauses 30 and 31 shall be within their specified ranges with the cartridge in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing the entrance surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.

29.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in clauses 30 and 31 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:

29.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties specified in 9.2 a) to f). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5

29.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be in the range specified in 20.2.2.

29.2.3

Read amplifiers The read amplifiers after the photodiode detectors in Channels 1 and 2 shall be as specified in 9.3.

29.2.4

Mark Quality The signals from both read amplifiers shall be converted from analogue to binary with an edge detector as defined in annex H. The output signals from Channels 1 and 2 shall be filtered without equalization with the specified low-pass filter, and compared with their threshold levels of the comparator which shall be between 0,25 and 0,75 for the threshold fractional values. The threshold levels shall be adjusted to minimize the maximum offset (or bias) of the marking and spacing intervals from their desired (or true) values of 2T, 3T .... 7T, 8T. The output signals from the comparator are converted to binary signals with the edge detector. Marking intervals and spacing intervals are equal to leading-to-trailing edge intervals and trailing-to-leading intervals respectively. The modulation method offset Omod in this section means the minimized maximum offset of the marking and spacing intervals measured with the output signals from the edge detectors, and it shall be expressed as a percentage of the Channel bit time T. Measurement procedure shall be as follows: a) Measure using a time interval analyzer mean values of all marking and spacing intervals separately from the user data, and observe the maximum offset of the separately measured mean values of the intervals corresponding to 2T, 3T, ..., 7T, 8T. b) Adjust the threshold level of the comparator in order to minimize the maximum offset observed in a). Finally, the observed maximum offset is the modulation method offset Omod of the objective user data. The timing jitter in this section is defined as the standard deviation of the separately measured 2T, 3T, ..., 7T, 8T marking and spacing intervals excluding outlying observations by defects, using a time interval analyzer with the output signals from the edge detector of the markings and spacings in a sector excluding the modulation method offset. Therefore, independent interval samples for this measurement are limited by the number of markings and spacings in a sector. The timing jitters shall be expressed as a percentage of Channel time T.

- 88 -

The converter for Channel 1 shall operate correctly for analogue signals from embossed marks with amplitudes as determined by clauses 22 and 23. The converter for Channel 2 shall operate correctly for analogue signals from user-written marks with an amplitude as determined by clauses 25 and 26. 29.2.5

Channel bit clock The signals from the analogue-to-binary converters shall be virtually locked to the Channel bit clock/clocks which provides/provide the Channel bit windows of 0,70 T effective width for timing the leading and/or trailing edges of the binary signals. Channel bit clock/clocks shall be adjusted in order to minimize the accumulated value/values of the timing errors of the leading to leading, leading to trailing, trailing to leading, and trailing to trailing edges from the Channel bit clock/clocks.

29.2.6

Binary-to-digital converters The binary signals shall be correctly converted to the data bytes with the binary-to-digital converters based on the sector format and the recording code defined in clauses 15 and 16.

29.2.7

Error correction Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by an error detection and correction system based on the definition in F.2 and F.3 of annex F. There shall be an additional correction system for the embossed data, based on the parity sectors as defined in 18.7.3

29.2.8

Tracking During measurement of the signals, the focus of the optical beam shall follow the tracks as specified in 20.2.4.

Minimum quality of a sector This clause specifies the minimum quality of the Header and Recording field of a sector as required for interchange of the data contained in that sector. The quality shall be measured on the Reference Drive specified in 29.2. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong setting, as detected by ECC and/or CRC circuits.

30.1 30.1.1

Headers Sector Mark At least three of the five long marks of the Sector Mark shall have the timing specified in 15.2 and the signals shall have the amplitude specified in 22.1.

30.1.2

D fields At least one of the two ID fields in a Header read in Channel 1 shall not have any byte errors, as checked by the CRC in the field.

30.2 30.2.1

User-written data Byte errors The user-written data in a sector as read in Channel 2 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 29.2.7.

30.2.2

Modulation method offset The user-written marks in a sector as read in Channel 2 shall have a modulation method offset Omod less than 10 % of the time period T of one Channel bit.

30.2.3

Timing jitter The user-written marks in a sector as read in Channel 2 shall have timing jitters due to the media less than 7,5 % of the time period T of one Channel bit.

30.3 30.3.1

Embossed data Byte errors The embossed data in a sector as read in Channel 1 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 29.2.7

- 89 -

30.3.2

Modulation method offset The embossed marks in a sector as read in Channel 2 shall have a modulation method offset Omod less than 10 % of the time period T of one Channel bit as specified in 23.2.

30.3.3

Timing jitter The embossed marks in a sector as read in Channel 2 shall have timing jitters due to the media less than 7,5 % of the time period T of one Channel bit as specified in 23.3.

Data interchange requirements A disk offered for interchange of data shall comply with the following requirements. See also annex N.

31.1

Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

31.2

User-written data Any sector written in the Rewritable Zone that does not comply with 30.2 shall have been replaced according to the rules of the defect management as defined in clause 19.

31.3

Embossed data Any sector in the Embossed Zone that does not comply with 30.3 shall be correctable by the error correction based on the Parity sectors as defined in 18.7.3.

31.4

Quality of disk The quality of the disk is reflected in the number of replaced sectors in the Rewritable Zone. This Standard allows a maximum of 2 048 replaced sectors per side (see clause 19).

- 90 -

- 91 -

Annex A (normative)

Air cleanliness class 100 000

The classification of air cleanliness is based on a particle count with a maximum allowable number of specified minimum sized particles per unit volume, and on a statistical average particle size distribution.

A.1

Definition The particle count shall not exceed a total of 3 500 000 particles per cubic meter of a size 0,5 µm and larger. The statistical average size distribution is given in figure A.1 class 100 000 means that 3 500 000 particles per cubic meter of a size of ≥ 0,5 µm are allowed, but only 25 000 particles per cubic meter of a size of ≥ 5,0 µm. It shall be recognized that single sample distribution may deviate from this curve because of local or temporary conditions. Counts below 350 000 particles per cubic meter are unreliable except when a large number of a samplings is taken.

Test method For particles of size of the 0,5 µm to 5,0 µm, equipment employing light-scattering principles shall be used. The air in the controlled environment is sampled at a known flow rate. Particles contained in the sampled air are passed through an illuminated sensing zone in the optical chamber of the instrument. Light scattered by individual particles is received by a photo detector which converts particle size and counts the pulses such that the number of particles in relation to particle size is registered or displayed.

100 000 000 10 000 000

Total num ber of particles per m3 equal to, or greater than, the stated particles size.

A.2

1 000 000

100 000 10 000 1 000 100 0 ,1 0 ,5 1

5 10

10 0

94-0109-B

Figure A.1 - Particle size distribution curve

1 0 00

- 92 -

- 93 -

Annex B (normative)

Edge distortion test

B.1

The distortion test checks if the case is free from unacceptable distortion and protrusions along its edges. The test is made by causing the cartridge to pass through the vertical slot of a gauge while applying a specified force in addition to the gravitational pull.

B.2

The gauge shall be made of a suitable material, e.g. of chrome-plated carbon steel. The inner surfaces shall be polished to a surface finish of 5 µm peak-to-peak.

B.3

The dimensions shall be as follows (see figure B.1): A = 155,0 mm B = 136,0 mm ± 0,1 mm C = 10,0 mm ± 0,1 mm D = 11,40 mm ± 0,01 mm E = 11,60 mm min.

B.4

When the cartridge is inserted vertically into the gauge, a vertical downward force F of 2,7 N maximum, applied to the centre of the top edge of the cartridge, shall cause the cartridge to pass through the gauge. F

D C A B C

95-0144-A

Figure B.1 - Distortion gauge

D E

- 94 -

- 95 -

Annex C (normative)

Compliance test

C.1

The compliance test checks the flatness and flexibility of the case by forcing the four reference surfaces of the cartridge into a plane.

C.2

The location of the four reference surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 is defined in 10.5.4 and figure 5.

C.3

The test gauge consists of a base plate on which four posts P1, P2, P3 and P4 are fixed so as to correspond to the surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively (see figure C.1). The dimensions are as follows (see figure C.2): Posts P1 and P2 Da = 6,50 mm ± 0,01 mm Db = 4,00 mm

+ 0,00 mm - 0,02 mm

Ha = 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm Hb = 2,0 mm max. Posts P3 and P4 Dc = 5,50 mm ± 0,01 mm After assembly, the upper annular surfaces of the four posts shall lie between two horizontal planes spaced 0,01 mm apart.

C.4

The cartridge shall be placed with its reference surfaces onto the posts of the horizontal gauge. A vertical down force F of 0,4 N shall be exerted on the cartridge opposite each of the four posts.

C.5

Requirements Under the conditions of C.4, any three of the four surfaces S1 to S4 shall be in contact with the annular surface of respective posts. Any gap between the remaining surface S and the annular surface of its post shall not exceed 0,1 mm.

- 96 -

F F F F

P5 P4

95-0056-A

Figure C.1 - Compliance gauge

D b

D c

D a

P3,4

P1,2

95-0057-A

Figure C.2 - Detail of posts

H a

H b

- 97 -

Annex D (normative)

Test method for measuring the adsorbent force of the hub

D.1

The purpose of this test is to determine the magnetic characteristic of the magnetizable material of the hub.

D.2

Dimensions The test device (see figure D.1) consists of a spacer, a magnet, a back yoke and a centre shaft. The dimensions of the test device are as follows : Dd =

8,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

De =

20,0 mm ± 0,1 mm

Df =

19,0 mm max.

Dg =

3,9 mm

Hc =

0,40 mm ± 0,01 mm

Hd =

1,2 mm (typical, to be adjusted to meet the force requirement of D.4)

+ 0,0 mm

D.3

- 0,1 mm

Material The material of the test device shall be : Magnet Back yoke Spacer Centre shaft

D.4

: Any magnetizable material, typically Sm-Co : Any suitable magnetizable material : Non-magnetizable material or air gap : Non-magnetizable material

Characteristics of the magnet with back yoke Number of poles

: 4 (typical)

Maximum energy product (BHmax) : 175 kJ/m3 ± 16 kJ/m3 The characteristics of the magnet with back yoke shall be adjusted so that with a pure nickel plate of the following dimensions (see figure D.2), and the adsorbent force of this plate at the point of Hc = 0,4 mm when spaced from the magnet surface shall be 9,5 N ± 0,6 N. Dh = 7,0 mm ± 0,1 mm Dj = 22,0 mm ± 0,1 mm He = 2,0 mm ± 0,05 mm

D.5

Test condition for temperature These conditions shall be as specified in 8.1.1.

- 98 -

Hub

H d

Ma gn e t

Ba c k y o k e

Sp a c e r

Cen tre sh aft 94-0084-A

Figure D.1 - Test device for the clamping characteristic of the hub

Dh Di

9 4-0 00 9 -A

Figure D.2 - Calibration plate of the test device

- 99 -

Annex E (normative)

CRC for ID fields

The sixteen bits of the CRC shall be computed over the first three bytes of the ID field. The generator polynomial shall be G(x) = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1 The residual polynomial shall be i = 23

i =7

è i =8

i =0

R c ( x ) = ç å a i x i + å ai x i ÷ x 16 æ

ö ø

mod G ( x )

and ai denotes a bit of the first three bytes and a i an inverted bit. The highest order bit of the first byte is a23. The sixteen bits ck of the CRC are defined by R c (x ) =

k =15

∑c k x k

k =0

where c15 is recorded as the highest order bit of the fourth byte in the ID field.

- 100 -

- 101 -

Annex F (normative)

Interleave, CRC, ECC, Resync for the data field

F.1 F.1.1

Interleave Interleave for 1 024-byte sectors The different bytes shall be designated as follows. D P

are user data bytes

h,m

are DMP bytes, set to (FF)

are CRC check bytes

are ECC check bytes

s,t

These bytes shall be ordered in a sequence A in the order in which they shall be recorded on the disk. This order is n the same as that in which they are input into the controller. Depending on the value of n, these elements are: 1 ≤ n ≤ 1 024 : A = D

for

for 1 025 ≤ n ≤ 1 036 : A = P n

h,m

for 1 037 ≤ n ≤ 1 040 : A = C n

for 1 041 ≤ n ≤ 1 200 : A = E n

s,t

m = [ ( n - 1 025 ) mod 4 ]

where: é

n - 1 025 ù

h = int ê

ú û

k = n - 1 036 s = [ ( n - 1 041 ) mod 10 ] é

n - 1 041ù

t = int ê

ú û

The notation int[x] denotes the largest integer not greater than x.. The first three parts of An are 10-way interleaved by mapping them onto a two-dimensional matrix Bij with 104 rows and 10 columns. Thus for

1 ≤ n ≤ 1 040 : Bij = An

where:

[ ]

i = 103 - int n10-1 j = ( n - 1 ) mod 10

F.1.2

Interleave for 512-byte sectors For 512-byte sectors the sequence of bytes shall be denoted by A'n, the other notations shall be as specified in F.1.1. In addition the two (FF) bytes are shown as (FF). for

1 ≤ n ≤ 512 : A' = D n

- 102 -

for

513 ≤ n ≤ 524 : A' = P

for

525 ≤ n ≤ 526 : A' = (FF)

for

527 ≤ n ≤ 530 : A' = C

for

531 ≤ n ≤ 610 : A' = E

h,m

s,t

where: n-513 +1 4

h = int

m = [ ( n - 513 ) mod 4 ] + 1 k = n - 526 s = [ ( n - 531 ) mod 5 ] + 1 n-531 +1 5

t = int

The first four parts of A'n are 5-way interleaved by mapping them onto a two-dimensional matrix B'ij with 106 rows and 5 columns. Thus: 1 ≤ n ≤ 530 B' = A'

for

where: i = 105 - int

n-1 5

j = ( n - 1 ) mod 5

F.2 F.2.1

CRC General The CRC and the ECC shall be computed over the Galois field based on the primitive polynomial Gp(x) = x8 + x5 + x3 + x2 + 1 The generator polynomial for the CRC bytes shall be i =139

(

G c (x ) = Õ x + a i i =136

)

where the element αi = (ßi) , with ß being a primitive root of Gp(x). The value of the n-th bit in a byte is the coefficient of the n-th power of ß, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 7, when ß is expressed on a polynomial basis.

F.2.2

CRC for 1 024-byte sectors The four check bytes of the CRC shall be computed over the user data and the DMP bytes. The information polynomial shall be éi

=103 æ j =9

( ) =

I c ( x ) = ê å çç å B i, j x ê ë

i =1 è j 0

öù

j =5

å=0(B 0 , j ) x 0

÷ú + ÷ j øú û

The contents of the four check bytes ck of the CRC are defined by the residual polynomial

R c ( x ) = Ic ( x ) x 4

mod G c ( x )

- 103 -

k =4

R c ( x ) = åc k x 4- k k =1

The last equation specifies the storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomial.

F.2.3

CRC for 512-byte sectors The four check bytes of the CRC shall be computed over the user data, the DMP bytes and the two (FF) bytes. The information polynomial shall be éi

=105 æ j = 4

öù

ê ë

i =1 è j = 0

øú û

( )

(

)

I' c ( x ) = ê å çç å B' i, j x i ÷÷ú + B' 0,0 x 0 The contents of the four CRC check bytes shall be calculated as specified in F.2.2, however using polynomial I'c(x).

F.3

ECC The primitive polynomial Gp(x) and the elements αi and β shall be as specified in F.2.1. The generator polynomial for the check bytes of the ECC shall be i =135

(

GE (x ) = Õ x +a i i =120

)

This polynomial is self-reciprocal. This property can be used to reduce the hardware size. The initial setting of the ECC register shall be all ZEROs. The bits of the computed check bytes shall be inverted before they are encoded into Channel bits.

F.3.1

ECC for 1 024-byte sectors The 160 check bytes of the ECC shall be computed over the user bytes, the DMP bytes and the CRC bytes. The corresponding 10 information polynomials shall be:

i =103

(x ) j

where 0 ≤ j ≤ 9.

B i, j )x i å ( i =0

The contents of the 16 check bytes Es,t for each polynomial IEj(x) are defined by the residual polynomial

(x )

( x ) x 16 t =16

t =1

mod G E ( x )

E j +1,t x 16-t

The last equation specifies the storage locations for the coefficients of the polynomials.

F.3.2

ECC for 512-byte sectors The 80 check bytes of the ECC shall be computed over the user data bytes, the DMP bytes, the two (FF) bytes and the CRC bytes. The corresponding 5 information polynomials shall be:

I ¢E

(x )

(B ) x =

i =105 =

i 0

i, j

where 0 ≤ j ≤ 4. The calculation of the 16 check bytes for each of the information polynomials IEj(x) shall be carried out as specified in F.3.1.

- 104 -

F.4

Resync The Resync fields (see annex G) shall be inserted in the Data field to prevent loss of synchronization and to limit the propagation of errors in the user data. They are numbered consecutively and shall contain one of the following pattern of Channel bits. 0X0 100 000 001 000 000 100 00Y 0X0 100 000 001 000 000 101 00Y Where X and Y are set to ZERO or ONE based on the preceding or following data patterns. For 1 024-byte sectors, a field RSn shall be inserted between bytes A30n and A30n+1 where 1 ≤ n ≤ 39. For 512-byte sectors, a field RSn shall be inserted between bytes A20n and A20n+1 where 1 ≤ n ≤ 30.

F.5

Recording sequence for the Data field The elements of the Data field shall be recorded on the disk according to sequence An or A'n, as applicable, immediately following the Sync bytes and with the Resync bytes inserted as specified in F.4. Figures F.1 and F.2 show in matrix form the arrangement of these elements. The sequence of recording is from top-tobottom and left-to-right. SB D RS P C E (FF)

designates a Sync byte designates a user byte designates a Resync byte designates a DMP byte designates a check byte for CRC designates a check byte for ECC designates a (FF) byte

For 1 024-byte sectors (figure F.1) the first 104 columns contain in rows 0 to 9 the user bytes, the DMP bytes and the CRC check bytes. The next 16 columns contain only the ECC check bytes. For 512-byte sectors (figure F.2) the first 106 columns contain in rows 0 to 4 the user bytes, the DMP bytes, the two (FF) bytes and the CRC check bytes. The next 16 columns contain only the ECC check bytes.

- 105 -

Column No. j → SB1

SB2

SB3

RS1

RS2

Row No. i 9 ↓

D10

103

D11

D12

D13

D14

D15

D16

D17

D18

D19

D20

102

D21

D22

D23

D24

D25

D26

D27

D28

D29

D30

101

D31

D32

D33

D34

D35

D36

D37

D38

D39

D40

100

D41

D42

D43

D44

D45

D46

D47

D48

D49

D50

99 : :

RS3

104 rows

: :

RS49

: :

RS50

RS51

RS52

RS53

D1011 D1012 D1013 D1014 D1015 D1016 D1017 D1018 D1019 D1020

D1021 D1022 D1023 D1024

P1,1

P1,2

P1,3

P1,4

P2,1

P2,2

P2,3

P2,4

P3,1

P3,2

P3,3

P3,4

E1,1

E2,1

E3,1

E4,1

E5,1

E6,1

E7,1

E8,1

E9,1

E10,1

-1

E1,2

E2,2

E3,2

E4,2

E5,2

E6,2

E7,2

E8,2

E9,2

E10,2

-2

E1,3

E2,3

E3,3

E4,3

E5,3

E6,3

E7,3

E8,3

E9,3

E10,3

-3 :

16 rows

: RS59

E1,15

E2,15

E3,15

E4,15

E5,15

E6,15

E7,15

E8,15

E9,15 E10,15

-15

E1,16

E2,16

E3,16

E4,16

E5,16

E6,16

E7,16

E8,16

E9,16 E10,16

-16

Figure F.1 - Data field configuration, 1 024-byte sectors, ECC with 10-way interleave

- 106 -

Column No. j → SB1

SB2

SB3

RS1

Row No. i ↓

105

D10

104

D11

D12

D13

D14

D15

103

D16

D17

D18

D19

D20

102

D21

D22

D23

D24

D25

101 : :

RS2

: 106 rows

RS33

RS34

RS35

RS36

D501

D502

D503

D504

D505

D506

D507

D508

D509

D510

D511

D512

P1,1

P1,2

P1,3

P1,4

P2,1

P2,2

P2,3

P2,4

P3,1

P3,2

P3,3

P3,4

(FF)

E1,1

E2,1

E3,1

E4,1

E5,1

-1

E1,2

E2,2

E3,2

E4,2

E5,2

-2

E1,3

E2,3

E3,3

E4,3

E5,3

-3

E1,4

E2,4

E3,4

E4,4

E5,4

-4 :

16 rows

: RS40

E1,15

E2,15

E3,15

E4,15

E5,15

-15

E1,16

E2,16

E3,16

E4,16

E5,16

-16

Figure F.2 - Data field configuration, 512-byte sectors, ECC with 5-way interleave

- 107 -

Annex G (normative)

Determination of Resync pattern

DSV (Digital Sum Value) is used in the descriptions which follow. Other acronyms include PLL (Phase Lock Loop), PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).

G.1

Conditions of Resync pattern The Resync pattern has the following characteristics to satisfy its required function: 1. The Resync pattern is an irregular Channel bit pattern of seven consecutive ZERO bits and a ONE bit followed by six consecutive ZERO bits that does not occur in the (1,7) modulation code. 2. The irregularity of Resync pattern is detectable using either only leading edges or only trailing edges when dual PLL is used. 3. The number of ONEs in Resync pattern is switchable from odd number to even number or vice versa for minimizing the DC level fluctuation of the data pattern in the Data field of a sector. 4. The length of the Resync pattern is two bytes.

G.2

Resync pattern Selection of one of the two Resync patterns shown below shall be made in order to minimize the DC level fluctuation. The selection criteria is described in G.5. Data 1

Resync area

Data 2

---------- ------------------------------------------- ----------Resync pattern ----------------------------Resync 1 Resync 2 where: x = ZERO or ONE y = ZERO or ONE

0x0 0x0

100000001000000100 100000001000000101

00y 00y

- 108 -

G.3

Generation algorithm of resync pattern

Data 1 Data bits

Resync Area

Channel bits

Data 2 01

Data bits

00y

X3 X4

100 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 100 0 1 1

001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000 001 000

0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x 0x 1x

100 0 1 1

001 000 001 000

0x 1x 0x 1x

assumed data bits Resync Pattern

X1 X2

0x0

0 001

010

100

000

001

000

1 001

010

100

000

001

000

0 001

010

100

000

001

000

1 010

000

100

000

001

000

0 101

010

100

000

001

000

10 11

1 --0 010

000

does not occur 100 000

001

000

1 ---

does not occur

where : z = ZERO for Resync 1 z = ONE for Resync 2 Note 1: x1 and x2 are encoded assuming the following information bits are ZERO ZERO Note 2: The values of these information bits are the assumed value for encoding. Note 3: This Channel bit was inverted after encoding in order to generate the irregular pattern Note 4: The value of the last three bits of the Resync area is determined by: 1) previous Channel bit assumed to be ZERO 2) the two information bits (assumed to be ZERO ONE); 3) the state of Data 2 information bit X3, per the (1,7) encode table 3.

- 109 -

G.4

Minimization of DC level The criteria for selecting either Resync pattern 1 or Resync pattern 2 in order to minimize the d.c. level fluctuation is based on the Channel bits of the Data area, and 0x0, 00y in the Resync area. Data

Resync area

Data

------------------ ---------------------------------------------------- --------------Resync pattern ----------------------------100000001000000100 Data Block

0x0

(Resync pattern 1) 100000001000000101 (Resync Pattern 2)

00y

Data Block

where: x = ZERO or ONE y = ZERO or ONE The decision is made to select either Resync pattern 1 or Resync pattern 2 according to the procedure described in G.5.

G.5

Determination of Resync pattern The Resync pattern to be used shall be determined by the following procedure. 1. Convert the Channel bits described in PPM data into PWM data in order to simplify handling. For example, if the PPM data is ... 0010100010010 ... the PWM data shall be ... 0011000011100 ... The DSV calculation shall be defined in terms of PWM data such that ZERO = -1 and ONE = +1. (see the example below) Example of calculation of Block DSVm and Resync DSVm (1,7) Channel bit (PPM data)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

PWM data

1 1

1 10 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Written marks on the disk

+5 95-0052-A

DSVm is calculated as DSVm = (+5 - 4 + 8 - 5 ... )

-4

-5

- 110 -

2. The Resync area shall be divided into two parts (RS || INV), where both parts are concatenated as follows: RS = 0x010000000100000010 in PPM data INV = 000y(INV1) or 100y(INV2) in PPM data . 3. The user data field shall be concatenated as VFO3 || SYNC || B0 || RS1 || INV1 (or INV2) || B1 || RS2 || ... ... || INV1 (or INV2) || Bm || RSm+1 || ... ... || INV1 (or INV2) || BN where : m = 1 to N N = 39 in the 1 024-byte sector, and 30 in the 512-byte sector. (See figure G.1) 4. The DSV(z) function shall be defined such that the argument (z), which is a PPM data stream, shall result in the PWM DSV sum based on the last PWM state of the PWM data preceding the data in the (z) argument. 5. INV1 or INV2 shall be selected in step m using the following algorithm: P0 = DSV(VFO3 || SYNC || B0 || RS1) Pm = Pm-1 + DSV(INV1 || Bm ||RSm+1) or Pm = Pm-1 + DSV(INV2 || Bm || RS) Select INV1 or INV2 to minimize |Pm|. PN = PN-1 + DSV(INV1 ||BN) or PN = PN-1 + DSV(INV2 ||BN) Select INV1 or INV2 to minimize |PN|. This procedure shall be repeated from m = 1 to N, where N = 39 in 1 024-byte sector and N = 30 in 512-byte sector. If |Pm| is the same for Resync pattern 1 and Resync pattern 2, Resync pattern 1 shall be selected.

- 111 -

Resync area Resync pattern

VFO3 Sync Data 0 0x0

VFO3 Sync

Resync 1

d.c. level fluctuation bit 00y Data 1

INV 1 or INV 2

0x0

00y

Resync 2

INV 1 or INV 2

continued

d.c. level fluctuation bit 0x0

Resync m

RS m

00y Data m 0x0 Resync (m+1) 00y INV 1 or INV 2

RS m+1

INV 1 or INV 2

95-0053-A

Note: The above figure is for 1 024-byte sector. Note: Each P0, P1, ..., P39 represents the total DSV from VFO3.

Figure G.1 - Example of Resync byte

0x0

Resync 39

00y Data 39 INV 1 or INV 2 B39

P39

- 112 -

- 113 -

Annex H (normative)

Read Channel for measuring C/N and jitter

C/N and jitter shall be measured by using the following read Channel.

Filter Test point Channel 1 or Channel 2

Leading edge

+ -

Comparator

Adjustable 95-0058-A

Input signal: Channel 1, for embossed marks Channel 2, for user written marks Filter specifications: 1) Equalizer: 2) Filter type: 3) Low pass filter:

No 5th Bessel function Cut-off frequency = (2,0 to 2,5)fmax

Edge detector

Trailing edge

- 114 -

- 115 -

Annex J (normative)

Timing jitter measuring procedure

The timing jitter of mark lengths or space lengths shall be measured using the following procedures. 1) Set the threshold level of the detector circuit such that the 2T mark and 2T space of the VFO for the is exactly 2 Channel bit times T long. 2) Hold the threshold level, and detect the signal edges. 3) Measure the mark lengths or space lengths using a Time Interval Analyzer. 4) Acquire 105 independent time interval samples excluding the data from defective areas. 5) Calculate the mean value Ln of mark or space lengths for each length n. 6) Calculate the difference between the measured mean value Ln and the ideal length of corresponding mark or space (i.e. n times T), and take the maximum value among then as St. 7) Calculate the standard deviation Jt of the timing jitter distribution; the difference between the measured length of mark or space and the mean value of corresponding mark or space length Ln shall be taken as samples. where Jt and St are shown in figure J.1. The mark lengths and the space lengths shall be separately examined, and the specifications should be satisfied even in the worst case. In case of header signal evaluation, the threshold level shall be set using VFO1 and the time interval samples shall be measured using the AM through PA fields. In case of embossed data signal evaluation, the threshold level shall be set using VFO3 and the time interval samples shall be measured using the Sync and Data field in the user data area, including all time interval samples from user data, DMP, CRC, ECC, and Resync.

Mean value of the jitter distribution of each nT mark or nT space (Ln )

Occurance standard deviation = Jt

Time interval Edge Shift (St)

ideal time interval (n T)

T (Channel clock period) 95-0054-A

Figure J.1 - Measured distribution of timing jitter

- 116 -

- 117 -

Annex K (normative)

Definition of write pulse shape

The rise and fall times, Tr and Tf, shall each be less than 4 ns for any write pulse width Tp.

0 ,5P

0 ,9P

0 ,1P

94-0143-A

Pw : write power

Pb : bias power

Tr : rise time

Tf : fall time

Tp : write pulse width

P : Pw - Pb

- 118 -

- 119 -

Annex L (normative)

Measurement of figure of merit

L.1

The figure of merit is, in practice, equal to the amplitude of the read signal from a recording at low frequency (in two dimensions). The written domains shall be substantially larger than the focal spot, so as to work in the low frequency region where the modulation transfer function of the optical system is one. This implies that for a preformatted disk, rotating at 50 Hz, a signal with a frequency between 10 kHz and 100 kHz has to be written on several consecutive tracks and in between those tracks in byte 21 of the SFP Zone (see 17.4.2). Determination of the figure of merit using an optical system as shown in annex A and with characteristics as specified in 15.1.1 will not measure media properties only but also the optical retardation of the optical system. Therefore a calibration of the optical system is needed with a conventional determination of the figure of merit by measuring the reflectance, Kerr rotation and ellipticity. This calibration can only be executed reliably on media with low coercivity.

L.2

The optical test head shall be calibrated as follows. A test disk with negligible birefringence (glass) and low coercivity magneto-optical layer is used for conventional determination of reflectance R, Kerr rotation θ and ellipticity β. The product FL = R ·sin θ · cos 2β is determined. On the same disk a test pattern as described above is written and read back with the optical head resulting in signal amplitude VL. Any other disk (high or low coercivity) can now be measured with the optical head using a similar test pattern, resulting in a signal amplitude V. The figure of merit Fm of this disk is Fm = F L . V / V L

- 120 -

- 121 -

Annex M (normative)

Implementation Independent Mark Quality Determination (IIMQD) for the interchange of recorded media

The IIMQD offset test uses two special patterns consisting of seven marks and seven spaces each, one mark and one space of each run length from 2T to 8T, to test the drive's ability to form marks of the proper length for the purposes of media interchange. The following procedure shall be used to determine IIMQD for the interchange of recorded media. Erase the tracks and write one of the following test patterns as a group many times on several tracks at the 30 mm, 45 mm, and 60 mm radii using the laser power write method of the drive under test. A separate test shall be done for each pattern. Pattern No. 1: 2T 2T 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 5T 6T 6T 7T 7T 8T 8T M S M S M S M S M S M S M S Pattern No. 2: 2T 2T 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 5T 6T 6T 7T 7T 8T 8T S M S M S M S M S M S M S M where M and S stand for mark and space respectively. Read and detect the data signal with the following equalization in addition to the detection method given in 24.2.5. The threshold value TV may be varied in this test to compensate for the edge motion of the marks due to parameter variations. Eq(ω) = 1 - 2Acos(ω.2T) where: A = 0,1 ω = 2πf T is the Channel clock period for the zone being read. This equalizer can be implemented with a five tap, tapped delay line filter having tap weights of -A, 0, 1, 1, -A and 0, -A ,1, A, 0 and clock periods of 39,4 and 19,7 ns for 30 mm and 60 mm radius respectively with a tap delay of 39,4 ns and a disk speed of 3 000 rpm. Measure the detected signal from the written tracks in two ways using a time interval analyzer: 1) the mean leading-to-trailing edge (mark) lengths and 2) the mean trailing-to-leading edge (space) lengths. The measurements shall be made using 105 independent time interval samples on several tracks at each radial location. The offset for any desired run of length n is the absolute value of the difference of the detected signal length Ln minus n times T. Adjust the threshold level once for both measurements for each pattern to minimize the worst case mark and space offset for this radial position and express it as a percentage of the Channel bit time T. The modulation method offset for the given test pattern is the maximum percentage offset over all run lengths n and over all radial positions R. The overall offset Omod with regard to media interchange is the larger of the numbers for each pattern, p.   max L n − nT  O mod = 100 n ,R   percent T   The modulation method offset Omod shall be less than 10 % of the time period T of one Channel bit.

- 122 -

- 123 -

Annex N (normative)

Requirements for interchange

N.1

Equipment for writing The disk under test shall have been written with arbitrary data by a disk drive for data interchange use in the operating environment.

N.2

Test equipment for reading

N.2.1

General The read test shall be performed on a test drive in the test environment. The rotational frequency of the disk when reading shall be as defined in clause 9.5. The direction of rotation shall be as defined in clause 10.5.9

N.2.2 N.2.2.1

Read Channel Characteristics of the optical beam The optical beam used for reading shall comply with the requirements of 9.2 b), c), d) and f).

N.2.2.2

Read power The read power shall comply with the requirements of 9.3.

N.2.2.3

Optics The optical head used for reading shall comply with the requirements of annex N.

N.2.2.4

Read amplifier The read amplifier after the photo detector in both Channels 1 and 2 shall have a flat response from 100 kHz to 14,8 MHz within ± 1 dB.

N.2.2.5

Analogue to binary conversion The signals from the read amplifier shall be converted from analogue to binary. The converter for Channel 1 shall work properly for signals from pre-recorded marks with properties as defined in 17.1. The converter for Channel 2 shall work properly for signals from user-written marks with properties as defined in 17.3.

N.2.2.6

Binary-to-digital conversion The binary signal shall be converted to a digital signal according to the rules of the recording code.

N.2.3

Tracking The open-loop transfer function for the axial and radial tracking servo shall be

 2  2πf 0 )  1 + 2πf 0  ( H = sc

cs 2

1 + s   2πf 0c 

where s = i2πf, within an accuracy such that 1+H not deviate more than ± 20% from its nominal value in a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 10 kHz.

- 124 -

The constant c shall be 3. The open-loop 0-dB frequency f0 shall be 1 250 Hz for the axial servo and 1 740 Hz for the radial servo. The open-loop DC gain of the axial servo shall be at least 80 dB.

N.3

Requirements for the digital read signals A byte error is defined by a byte in which one or more bits have a wrong setting, as detected by the error detection and correction circuit.

N.3.1

Any sector accepted as valid during the writing process shall not contain byte errors in Channel 2 after the error correction circuit.

N.3.2

Any sector not accepted as valid during the writing process shall have been rewritten according to the rules for defect management.

N.4

Requirements for the digital servo signals The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks voluntarily.

N.5

Requirement for interchange An interchanged optical disk cartridge meets the requirements for interchangeability if it meets the requirements of N.3 and N.4 when it is written on an interchange drive according to N.1 and read on a test drive according to N.2.

- 125 -

Annex P (informative)

Office environment

Due to their construction and mode of operation optical disk cartridges have considerable resistance to the effects of dust particles around and inside the disk drive. Consequently it is not generally necessary to take special precautions to maintain a sufficiently low concentration of dust particles. Operation in heavy concentrations of dust should be avoided e.g. in a machine shop or on a building site. Office environment implies an environment in which personnel may spend a full working day without protection and without suffering temporary or permanent discomfort.

- 126 -

- 127 -

Annex Q (informative)

Derivation of the operating climatic environment

This annex gives some background on how some of the conditions of the operating environment in clause 8.1.2 have been derived.

Q.1

Standard climatic environment classes The conditions of the ODC operating environment are, with a few exceptions mentioned below, based on parameter values of the IEC standard climatic environment class 3K3 described in IEC publication 721-3-3. This publication defines environmental classes for stationary use of equipment at weather-protected locations. The IEC class 3K3 refers to climatic conditions which "... may be found in normal living or working areas, e.g. living rooms , rooms for general use (theatres, restaurants etc.), offices, shops, workshops for electronic assemblies and other electrotechnical products, telecommunication centres, storage rooms for valuable and sensitive products."

Q.2

Overtemperature considerations While IEC class 3K3 defines the limits for the room climate only, the ODC operating environment specification in this ECMA Standard takes into consideration also system and drive overtemperature. This means that when inserted in a drive, the ODC will sense a temperature which is above the ambient room temperature. The figures in the operating environment specification have been calculated from the assumption that overtemperature may be up to 20 °C.

Q.3

Absolute humidity The introduction of the parameter absolute humidity ( unit : g water / m3 of air ) is very useful when studying overtemperature. When the temperature rises inside a drive, the relative humidity goes down but the absolute humidity remains substantially constant. So, making room for overtemperature in the operating environment specification affects not only the upper temperature limit but also the lower relative humidity limit. The relationship between these parameters is shown in the climatogram (the relative humidity vs. temperature map ) of the ODC operating environment, figure Q.1. The absolute humidity restrictions influence the operating environment in the following two ways: i. Combination of high temperatures and high relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations could have negative influence on the performance and the life of ODCs. ii. Combinations of low temperatures and low relative humidities are excluded. Such combinations are very unlikely to occur in worldwide normal office environments.

Q.4

Deviations from the IEC standard environment class Apart from the change introduced by the overtemperature considerations above, there are a few more parameter values which are not based on IEC class 3K3. These are: − Atmospheric pressure The IEC 3K3 lower limit of 70 kPa has been extended to 60 kPa. ODCs according to this ECMA Standard show no intrinsic pressure sensitivity and 70 kPa excludes some possible markets for ODCs.

- 128 -

− Absolute humidity The IEC 3K3 value for the upper limit of 25 g/m3 has been raised to 30 g/m3 in view of some expected operation in portable devices outside the controlled office environment. − Temperature The maximum temperature around the ODC, i.e. room temperature plus overtemperature, has been limited to 55 °C (while IEC 3K3 + 20 °C would have become 60 °C). For ODCs according to this ECMA Standard, however, the 55 °C limit is considered to be a physical limit above which operation (as well as storage) is not safe. This means that equipment designers may want to ensure adequate cooling inside the drive especially when the room temperature approaches the upper IEC 3K3 limit of 40 °C. − Further The rates of change (the gradients) of temperature and relative humidity are not according to IEC 3K3.

Q.5

Wet bulb temperature specifications Instead of specifying limits for the absolute humidity, some of the earlier standards for ODCs as well as those for other digital data storage media often use restrictions of the parameter wet bulb temperature

(unit: °C)

in order to avoid too severe combinations of high temperatures and high relative humidities. In order to facilitate comparisons between different specifications, figure Q.2 shows wet bulb temperatures of interest for the ODC operating environment, as well as for the testing and storage environments Since wet bulb temperatures vary slightly with the atmospheric pressure, the diagram is valid for the normal pressure of 101,3 kPa only.

- 129 -

Absolute air humidity

( g/m3 )

Figure Q.1 - Climatogram of IEC Class 3K3 and the ODC operating environment

- 130 -

Wet Bulb temperature (°C) -20

-10

100

Relative humidity (%)

30 g/m3 60

T T

C 20

1g/m3

0 -20

-10

Air temperature (°C) ECMA-95-0186-A

Figure Q.2 - Wet bulb temperatures of the operating and storage environments

- 131 -

Table Q.1 - Position of the main points Position

Air temperature

Relative humidity

Wet bulb temperature

31,7 °C

90,0 %

30,3 °C

32,8 °C

85,0 %

30,6 °C

55,0 °C

28,8 %

35,5 °C

55,0 °C

3,0 %

21,9 °C

31,7 °C

3,0 %

12,1 °C

5,0 °C

14,6 %

-1,4 °C

-10,0 °C

90,0 %

-10,3 °C

5,0 °C

85,0 %

4,0 °C

-10,0 °C

46,9 %

-11,8 °C

Test environment (T)

23,0 °C ± 2,0 °C

50,0 % ± 5,0 %

--------

Storage environment

is determined by A-B-C-D-E-F-I-G-A

Operating environment

is determined by B-C-D-E-F-H-B

- 132 -

- 133 -

Annex R (informative)

Transportation

R.1

General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world it is not possible to specify conditions for transportation or for packaging.

R.2

Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in the absence of such agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take account of the following hazards.

R.2.1

Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

R.2.2

Impact loads and vibration Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the cartridge. Avoid dropping the cartridge. Cartridges should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock absorbent material. The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provide sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

- 134 -

- 135 -

Annex S (informative)

Sector retirement guidelines

This ECMA Standard assumes that up to 2 048 sectors may be replaced in any of the following cases: − A sector does not have at least one reliable ID field. − Only one of the two ID fields in one sector is reliable, and the current sector number is contradictory to the one anticipated by the preceding sectors. − A single defect of more than 30 bytes in a 1 024-byte sector is detected. (15 bytes in a 512-byte sector) − The total number of defective bytes exceeds 40 bytes in a 1 024-byte sector (15 bytes in a 512-byte sector), or 5 bytes in one ECC interleave of a 1 024-byte sector (3 bytes in a 512-byte sector). − For Type WO, the total number of defective bytes in the twelve (FF) bytes for control information, as specified in 15.10.3, exceeds 2.

- 136 -

- 137 -

Annex T (informative)

Track deviation measurement

The deviation of a track from its nominal location is measured in the same way as a drive sees a track, i.e. through a tracking servo. The strength of the reference servo used for the test is in general less that the strength of the same servo in a normal drive. The difference in strength is intended for margins in the drive. The deviation of the track is related to the tracking error between the track and the focus of the optical beam, remaining after the reference servo. The tracking error directly influences the performance of the drive, and is the best criterion for testing track deviations. The specification of the axial and radial deviations can be described in the same terms. Therefore, this annex applies to both axial and radial track deviations.

T.1

Relation between requirements The acceleration required by the motor of the tracking servo to make the focus of the optical beam follow the tracks on the disk (see 11.4.6 and 11.4.8) is a measure for the allowed deviations of the tracks. An additional measure is the allowed tracking error between the focus and the track (see 20.2.4). The relation between both is given in figure T.1 where the maximum allowed amplitude of a sinusoidal track deviation is given as a function of the frequency of the deviation. It is assumed in the figure that there is only one sinusoidal deviation present at a time.

log (x m a x )

max

log(f )

94-0145-A

Figure T.1 - Maximum allowed amplitude of a single, sinusoidal track deviation At low frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude xmax is given by xmax = amax / (2πf)2,

(1)

where amax is the maximum acceleration of the servo motor. At high frequencies the maximum allowed amplitude xmax is given by xmax = emax

(2)

- 138 -

where emax is the maximum allowed tracking error. The connection between both frequency regions is given in T.3.

T.2

Reference Servo The above restrictions of the track deviations is equal to the restriction of the track deviations for a reference servo. A reference servo has a well-defined transfer function, and reduces a single, sinusoidal track deviation with amplitude xmax to a tracking error emax as in figure T.1. The open-loop transfer function of the reference servo shall be 1  ω0  H s ( iω ) =   c  iω 

iωc ω0 iω

(3)

cω 0

where i = −1, ω = 2πf and ω0 = 2πf0, with f0 the 0 dB frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The constant c gives the cross-over frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo: the lead break frequency f1 = f0:c and the lag break frequency f2 = f0×c. The reduction of a track deviation x to a tracking error e by the reference servo is given by e x

(4)

1+ H s

If the 0 dB frequency is specified as ω0 =

amax c

(5)

emax

then a low-frequency track deviation with an acceleration amax will be reduced to a tracking error emax, and a high frequency track deviation will not be reduced. The curve in figure T.1 is given by xmax = emax 1+Hs

(6)

The maximum acceleration required from the motor of this reference servo is amax(motor) = emax ω2 1+Hs.

(7)

At low frequencies f < f0 / c applies amax(motor) = amax(track) =

(ω0 ) 2 emax c

(8)

Hence, it is permitted to use amax(motor) as specified for low frequencies in 11.4.6 and 11.4.8 for the calculation of ω0 of a reference servo.

T.3

Requirement for track deviations The track deviations shall be such that, when tracking with a reference servo on a disk rotating at the specified frequency, the tracking error shall not be larger than emax during more than 7,2 µs. The open-loop transfer function of the reference servo for axial and radial tracking shall be given by equation (3) within an accuracy such that |1+H| does not differ by more than ± 20% from its nominal value in a bandwidth from 50 ω0 shall be given by equation (5), where amax and emax Hz to 170 kHz. The constant c shall be 3. The 0 dB frequency 2π for axial and radial tracking are specified in 20.2.4. 11.4.6 and 11.4.8.

T.4

Measurement implementation Three possible implementations for an axial or radial measurement system have been given below. Ha is the open-loop transfer function of the actual tracking servo of the drive. Hs is the transfer function for the reference servo as given in

- 139 -

equation (3). x and y are the position of the track and the focus of the optical beam. es is the tracking error after a reference servo, the signal of which has to be checked according to the previous paragraph.

POSITION SENSOR +

y +

Filter 1 1 + Hs

SERVO

94-0081-A

Figure T.2 - Implementation of a reference servo by filtering the track position signal with the reduction characteristics of the reference servo

+ x

Hs Ha

94-0082-A

Figure T.3 - Implementation of a reference servo by changing the transfer function of the actual servo

e ea

1 + Ha 1 + Hs

+ x

94-0083-A

Figure T.4 - Implementation of a reference servo by changing the tracking error of the actual servo

- 140 -

The optimum implementation depends on the characteristics Ha and Hs. Good results for motors in leaf springs are often obtained by using separate circuits in a low and high frequency Channel. The implementation of figure T.2 is used in the low-frequency Channel, while that of figures T.3 or T.4 is used in the high-frequency Channel. The signals from both channels are added with a reversed cross-over filter to get the required tracking error. In the low-frequency Channel one can also use the current through the motor as a measure of the acceleration of the motor, provided the latter is free from hysteresis. The current must be corrected for the transfer function of the motor and then be converted e e derived from equation (4). to a tracking error with a filter with a transfer function = a xω 2

- 141 -

Annex U (informative)

Values to be implemented in existing and future standards

This ECMA Standard specifies values for bytes which identify optical disk cartridges which conform to this ECMA Standard. It is expected that other types of optical disk cartridges will be developed in future. It is therefore recommended that the following values be used for these other cartridges.

U.1

Byte 0 of the Control Track PEP Zone Setting of bits 6 to 4: 001 010 011

U.2

should mean Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) should mean Zoned Constant Angular Velocity (ZCAV) should mean Zoned Constant Linear Velocity (ZCLV)

Byte 7 of the Control Track PEP Zone The following bit patterns should have the indicated meanings. 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0001 0010 0000 0101 0001 0110 0000 0011 0000 1001 0000 1010 0000 1011 0000

Read-only ODCs (ROM) Write once ODCs according to ISO/IEC 9171-1 WO ODC using MO recording Rewritable ODCs using MO recording WO ODCs using exchange coupled Direct Over Write (DOW) Rewritable ODCs using exchange coupled DOW Rewritable ODCs of the type phase change Partial ROM of Write once ODCs Partial ROM of MO Partial ROM of phase change

Note that when the most significant bit is set to ONE, this indicates a partial ROM. See also 17.3.2.1.4.

- 142 -

- 143 -

Annex V (informative)

Guidelines for the use of Type WO ODCs

This annex lists some important points to be observed when using the Type WO ODCs specified by this ECMA Standard.

a) Read the PEP and/or the SFP when the ODC is inserted into the drive to ascertain the media type, so as to enable and/or disable the appropriate host commands. If the drive is not intended to support this type of ODC, reject the disk with an appropriate error message and disallow any further operations on the disk. b) Read the DDS when the disk is inserted into the drive to ascertain if the disk has been initialized. If it has, disallow reinitialization. If it has not been initialized, disallow access to the write once zone. c) Erase the write once zone before initialization is complete. Record the DDSs only at the end of initialization to allow incomplete initializations to be detected. d) Before writing a sector, first determine whether or not it has been already written. This can be ascertained, for example, by inspecting the contents of the 12 (FF) bytes, however this does not apply to DMAs. If these are set to (FF), disallow writing the sector. e) Disallow commands that can directly or indirectly alter written data such as: SCSI Erase, SCSI Reassign Blocks, SCSI Update Block. f) Disallow the SCSI Write Long command. Always write user data with DMP, CRC, and ECC fields as specified by this ECMA Standard.

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ECMA-195 — Data interchange on 130 mm optical disk cartridges - Capacity: 2 Gigabytes per cartridge (June 1995)

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