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OGC GeoPackage Encoding Standard (version 1.1) — OGC 12-128r12

Open Geospatial Consortium · Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) · Standards · License: Open Access

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Open Geospatial Consortium External identifier of this OGC® document: http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.1 (http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.1) URL for this OGC® document: http://www.geopackage.org/spec (http://www.geopackage.org/spec) Internal reference number of this OGC® document: OGC 12-128r12 Version: 1.1 Category: OGC® Encoding Standard Editor:Jeﬀ Yutzler Editor Emeritus: Paul Daisey Previous Version: http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.0.1 (http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.0.1) Publication Date: 2015-08-04 Approval Date:2015-08-04 Submission Date: 2015-08-04 Original Version: http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.0 (http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geopackage/1.0)

OGC® GeoPackage Encoding Standard Copyright © 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium. To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/ (http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/) Warning This document is an OGC Member approved international standard. This document is available on a royalty free, non-discriminatory basis. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. This is a technical amendment to OGC 12-128r1. Document type: OGC® Publicly Available Standard Document subtype: Encoding Standard Document stage: Approved Document language: English

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Abstract This OGC® Encoding Standard defines GeoPackages for exchange and GeoPackage SQLite Extensions for direct use of vector geospatial features and / or tile matrix sets of earth images and raster maps at various scales. Direct use means the ability to access and update data in a "native" storage format without intermediate format translations in an environment (e.g. through an API) that guarantees data model and data set integrity and identical access and update results in response to identical requests from diﬀerent client applications. GeoPackages are interoperable across all enterprise and personal computing environments, and are particularly useful on mobile devices like cell phones and tablets in communications environments with limited connectivity and bandwidth.

Keywords ogcdoc, geopackage, sqlite, raster, tiles, vector, feature, data, storage, exchange, mobile, smartphone, tablet

Table of Contents OGC® GeoPackage Encoding Standard

License Agreement Patent Call Abstract Keywords Introduction 1. Base 1.1. Core 1.1.1. SQLite Container 1.1.2. Spatial Reference Systems 1.1.3. Contents 2. Options 2.1. Features 2.1.1. Simple Features SQL Introduction 2.1.2. Contents 2.1.3. Geometry Encoding 2.1.4. SQL Geometry Types 2.1.5. Geometry Columns 2.1.6. Vector Feature User Data Tables 2.2. Tiles 2.2.1. Tile Matrix Introduction 2.2.2. Contents 2.2.3. Zoom Levels 2.2.4. Tile Encoding PNG 2.2.5. Tile Encoding JPEG 2.2.6. Tile Matrix Set 2.2.7. Tile Matrix 2.2.8. Tile Pyramid User Data Tables 2.3. Extension Mechanism 2.3.1. Introduction 2.3.2. Extensions 3. Security Considerations Annex A: Conformance / Abstract Test Suite (Normative) A.1. Base A.1.1. Core A.2. Options A.2.1. Features A.2.2. Tiles A.2.3. Extension Mechanism Annex B: Background and Context (Normative) B.1. Background B.2. Document terms and definitions B.3. Conventions B.4. Submitting Organizations (Informative) B.5. Document contributor contact points (Informative) B.6. Revision History (Informative) B.7. Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification B.8. Changes to OGC® Implementation Standards B.9. Potential Future Work (Informative) B.10. UML Notation B.11. GeoPackage Tables Detailed Diagram B.12. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Features Diagram B.13. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Tiles Diagram Annex C: Table Definition SQL (Normative) C.1. gpkg_spatial_ref_sys C.2. gpkg_contents C.3. gpkg_geometry_columns C.4. sample_feature_table (Informative) C.5. gpkg_tile_matrix_set

C.6. gpkg_tile_matrix C.7. sample_tile_pyramid (Informative) C.8. gpkg_extensions Annex D: Trigger Definition SQL (Informative) D.1. gpkg_tile_matrix D.2. sample_feature_table D.3. sample_tile_pyramid Annex E: GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative) Annex F: Registered Extensions (Normative) F.1. GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types F.2. User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding F.3. RTree Spatial Indexes F.4. Geometry Type Triggers F.5. Geometry SRS ID Triggers F.6. Zoom Other Intervals F.7. Tiles Encoding WebP F.8. Metadata F.9. Schema F.10. WKT for Coordinate Reference Systems Annex G: Geometry Types (Normative) Annex H: Tiles Zoom Times Two Example (Informative) Annex I: Normative References (Normative) Annex J: Bibliography (Informative)

Introduction Mobile device users who require map/geospatial application services and operate in disconnected or limited network connectivity environments are challenged by limited storage capacity and the lack of open format geospatial data to support these applications. The current situation is that each map/geospatial application requires its own potentially proprietary geospatial data store. These separate application-specific data stores may contain the same geospatial data, wasting the limited storage available, and requiring custom applications for data translation, replication, and synchronization to enable diﬀerent map/geospatial applications to share the same world view. In addition, many existing geospatial data stores are platform-specific, which means that users with diﬀerent platforms must translate data to share it. An open, standards-based, application-independent, platform-independent, portable, interoperable, self-describing, GeoPackage (GPKG) data container, API and manifest are needed to overcome these challenges and to eﬀectively support multiple map/geospatial applications such as fixed product distribution, local data collection, and geospatially enabled analytics. This standard is intended to facilitate widespread adoption and use of GeoPackages by both COTS and open-source software applications on enterprise production platforms as well as mobile hand-held devices [B1] [B2], given that mobile hand held devices do not yet have the processing power or battery life to eﬀectively tackle diﬃcult geospatial product production and analysis tasks. An application that accesses a GPKG will make use of the GPKG capabilities it requires; few if any such applications will make use of all GPKG capabilities. This OGC® Encoding Standard defines GeoPackages for exchange and GeoPackage SQLite Extensions for direct use of vector geospatial features and / or tile matrix sets of earth images and raster maps at various scales. Direct use means the ability to access and update data in a “native” format without intermediate format translations in an environment (e.g. through an API) that guarantees data model and data set integrity and identical access and update results in response to identical requests from diﬀerent client applications. A GeoPackage is a platform-independent SQLite [5] database file that contains GeoPackage data and metadata tables shown in GeoPackage Tables Overview below, with specified definitions, integrity assertions, format limitations and content constraints. The allowable content of a GeoPackage is entirely defined in this standard. An Extended GeoPackage is a GeoPackage that contains any additional data elements (tables or columns) or SQL constructs (data types, functions, indexes, constraints or triggers) that are not specified in this encoding standard.

A GeoPackage MAY be “empty” (contain user data table(s) for vector features and/or tile matrix pyramids with no row record content) or contain one or many vector feature type records and /or one or many tile matrix pyramid tile images. GeoPackage metadata CAN describe GeoPackage data contents and identify external data synchronization sources and targets. A GeoPackage MAY contain spatial indexes on feature geometries and SQL triggers to maintain indexes and enforce content constraints. A GeoPackage SQLite Configuration consists of the SQLite 3 software library and a set of compile- and runtime configurations options. A GeoPackage SQLite Extension is a SQLite loadable extension that MAY provide SQL functions [12] to support spatial indexes and SQL triggers linked to a SQLite library with specified configuration requirements to provide SQL API [1] [2] [3] [4] access to a GeoPackage file. This standard does not address the issues listed in the [_potential_future_work] clause in Background and Context (Normative), which MAY be addressed in a subsequent version of this standard or by other specifications.

Figure 1. GeoPackage Tables Overview

1. Base The required capabilities specified in this clause serve as the base for options specified in clause Options and extensions specified in clause Registered Extensions (Normative). All gpkg_* tables and views and all tiles user data tables specified in this standard SHALL have only the specified columns and table constraints. Any features user data tables MAY have columns in addition to those specified. All specified table, view, column, trigger, and constraint name values SHALL be lowercase.

1.1. Core The mandatory core capabilities defined in sub clauses and requirement statements of this clause SHALL be implemented by every GeoPackage and GeoPackage SQLite Configuration.

1.1.1. SQLite Container The SQLite software library provides a self-contained, single-file, cross-platform, serverless, transactional, open source RDBMS container. The GeoPackage standard defines a SQL database schema designed for use with the SQLite software library. Using SQLite as the basis for GeoPackage simplifies production, distribution and use of GeoPackages and assists in guaranteeing the integrity of the data they contain. “Self-contained” means that container software requires very minimal support from external libraries or from the operating system. “Single-file” means that a container not currently opened by any software application consists of a single file in a file system supported by a computing platform operating system. “Cross-platform” means that a container file MAY be created and loaded with data on one computing platform, and used and updated on another, even if they use diﬀerent operating systems, file systems, and byte order (endian) conventions. “Serverless” means that the RDBMS container is implemented without any intermediary server process, and accessed directly by application software. “Transactional” means that RDBMS transactions guarantee that all changes to data in the container are Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable (ACID) despite program crashes, operating system crashes, and power failures.

1.1.1.1. Data 1.1.1.1.1. File Format Requirement 1 A GeoPackage SHALL be a SQLite (http://www.sqlite.org/) [5] database file using version 3 of the SQLite file format (http://sqlite.org/fileformat2.html) [6] [7]. The first 16 bytes of a GeoPackage SHALL contain “SQLite format 3” [1] in ASCII [B4]. [2]

Requirement 2 A GeoPackage SHALL contain 0x47503131 ("GP11" in ASCII) in the application id field of the SQLite database header to indicate a GeoPackage version 1.1 file. [3] The maximum size of a GeoPackage file is about 140TB. In practice a lower size limit MAY be imposed by the filesystem to which the file is written. Many mobile devices require external memory cards to be formatted using the FAT32 file system which imposes a maximum size limit of 4GB. 1.1.1.1.2. File Extension Name Requirement 3 A GeoPackage SHALL have the file extension name “.gpkg”. It is RECOMMENDED that Extended GeoPackages use the file extension “.gpkx”, but this is NOT a GeoPackage requirement. 1.1.1.1.3. File Contents Requirement 4 A GeoPackage SHALL only contain data elements, SQL constructs and GeoPackage extensions with the “gpkg” author name specified in this encoding standard. In order to guarantee maximum interoperability between applications, GeoPackages SHALL NOT contain data elements (tables or columns), SQL constructs (data types, indexes, constraints or triggers) or extensions that are not specified in this encoding standard. SQLite databases that use constructs from the GeoPackage standard but extend those constructs to contain elements not specified in the core GeoPackage standard are referred to as Extended GeoPackages throughout this standard. Requirement 5 The columns of tables in a GeoPackage SHALL only be declared using one of the data types specified in table GeoPackage Data Types. Table 1. GeoPackage Data Types Data Type

Size and Description

BOOLEAN

A boolean value representing true or false. Stored as SQLite INTEGER with value 0 for false or 1 for true

TINYINT

8-bit signed two’s complement integer. Stored as SQLite INTEGER with values in the range [-128, 127]

SMALLINT

16-bit signed two’s complement integer. Stored as SQLite INTEGER with values in the range [-32768, 32767]

MEDIUMINT

32-bit signed two’s complement integer. Stored as SQLite INTEGER with values in the range [-2147483648, 2147483647]

INT, INTEGER

64-bit signed two’s complement integer. Stored as SQLite INTEGER with values in the range [-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807]

FLOAT

32-bit IEEE floating point number. Stored as SQLite REAL limited to values that can be represented as a 4-byte IEEE floating point number

DOUBLE, REAL

64-bit IEEE floating point number. Stored as SQLite REAL

TEXT{(maxchar_count)}

Variable length string encoded in either UTF-8 or UTF-16, determined by PRAGMA encoding; see http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_encoding (http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_encoding). The optional maxchar_count defines the maximum number of characters in the string. If not specified, the length is unbounded. The count is provided for informational purposes, and applications MAY choose to truncate longer strings if encountered. When present, it is best practice for applications to adhere to the character count. Stored as SQLite TEXT

BLOB{(max_size)}

Variable length binary data. The optional max_size defines the maximum number of bytes in the blob. If not specified, the length is unbounded. The size is provided for informational purposes. When present, it is best practice for applications adhere to the maximum blob size. Stored as SQLite BLOB

<geometry_type_name>

Geometry encoded as per clause Geometry Encoding. <geometry type_name> is one of the geometry types listed in Geometry Types (Normative) encoded per clause 2.1.3 or a user-defined geometry type encoded per clause 3.1.2 and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. Geometry Types XY, XYZ, XYM and XYZM geometries use the same data type. Stored as SQLite BLOB

DATE

ISO-8601 date string in the form YYYY-MM-DD encoded in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. See TEXT. Stored as SQLite TEXT

DATETIME

ISO-8601 date/time string in the form YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.SSSZ with T separator character and Z suﬃx for coordinated universal time (UTC) encoded in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. See TEXT. Stored as SQLite TEXT

1.1.1.1.4. File Integrity Requirement 6 The SQLite PRAGMA integrity_check SQL command SHALL return “ok” for a GeoPackage file. [4]

Requirement 7 The SQLite PRAGMA foreign_key_check SQL with no parameter value SHALL return an empty result set indicating no invalid foreign key values for a GeoPackage file.

1.1.1.2. API 1.1.1.2.1. Structured Query Language (SQL) Requirement 8 A GeoPackage SQLite Configuration SHALL provide SQL access to GeoPackage contents via SQLite version 3 (http://www.sqlite.org/download.html) [6] software APIs. [5] 1.1.1.2.2. Every GPKG SQLite Configuration

The SQLite (http://www.sqlite.org/download.html) [8] library has many compile time (http://www.sqlite.org/compile.html) and run time (http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html) options that MAY be used to configure SQLite for diﬀerent uses. Certain elements of the GeoPackage specification depend on the availability of SQLite functionality at runtime. This clause specifies the set of compile time options that SHALL or SHALL NOT be used. Requirement 9 Every GeoPackage SQLite Configuration SHALL have the SQLite library compile time options specified in clause 1.1.1.2.2 table Every GeoPackage SQLite Configuration. Table 2. Every GeoPackage SQLite Configuration Setting

Option

Shall

Discussion

/ Not compile

SQLITE_OMIT_*

Not

SHALL NOT include any OMIT options from http://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#omitfeatures (http://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#omitfeatures).

1.1.2. Spatial Reference Systems 1.1.2.1. Data 1.1.2.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 10 A GeoPackage SHALL include a gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table per clause 1.1.2.1.1 Table Definition, Table Spatial Ref Sys Table Definition and Table gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Table Definition SQL. A table named gpkg_spatial_ref_sys is the first component of the standard SQL schema for simple features described in clause Simple Features SQL Introduction below. The coordinate reference system definitions it contains are referenced by the GeoPackage gpkg_contents and gpkg_geometry_columns tables to relate the vector and tile data in user tables to locations on the earth.

The gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table includes the columns specified in SQL/MM (ISO 13249-3) [12] and shown in Spatial Ref Sys Table Definition below containing data that defines spatial reference systems. Views of this table MAY be used to provide compatibility with the SQL/MM (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=53698) [12] (see SQL/MM View of gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Definition SQL (Informative)) and OGC Simple Features SQL (http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/? artifact_id=25354) [9][10][11] (Table 21) specifications. Table 3. Spatial Ref Sys Table Definition Column Name

Column

Column Description

Null

Key

Type srs_name

TEXT

Human readable name of this SRS

srs_id

INTEGER

Unique identifier for each Spatial Reference System within a

GeoPackage organization

TEXT

Case-insensitive name of the defining organization e.g. EPSG or

epsg organization_coordsys_id

INTEGER

Numeric ID of the Spatial Reference System assigned by the

organization definition

TEXT

Well-known Text [32] Representation of the Spatial Reference

System description

TEXT

See gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Table Definition SQL. 1.1.2.1.2. Table Data Values

Human readable description of this SRS

yes

Definition column WKT values in the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table SHALL define the Spatial Reference Systems used by feature geometries and tile images, unless these SRS are unknown and therefore undefined as specified in Requirement 11. Values SHALL be constructed per the EBNF syntax in [32] clause 7. EBNF name and number values MAY be obtained from any specified authority, e.g. [13][14]. For example, see the return value in [spatial_ref_sys_data_values_default] Test Method step (3) used to test the definition for WGS-84 per Requirement 11: Requirement 11 The gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table SHALL contain at a minimum the records listed in Spatial Ref Sys Table Records. The record with an srs_id of 4326 SHALL correspond to WGS-84 (http://www.google.com/search?as_q=WGS-84) [15] as defined by EPSG (http://www.epsg.org/Geodetic.html) [B3] in 4326 (http://www.epsg-registry.org/report.htm? type=selection&entity=urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326&reportDetail=long&title=WGS%2084&style=urn:uuid:report-style:default-withcode&style_name=OGP%20Default%20With%20Code) [13][14]. The record with an srs_id of -1 SHALL be used for undefined Cartesian coordinate reference systems. The record with an srs_id of 0 SHALL be used for undefined geographic coordinate reference systems. Table 4. Spatial Ref Sys Table Records srs_name

srs_id

organization

organization_coordsys_id

definition

description

any

4326

EPSG or epsg

4326

any

-1

NONE

-1

undefined

any

NONE

undefined

any

Requirement 12 The gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table in a GeoPackage SHALL contain records to define all spatial reference systems used by features and tiles in a GeoPackage.

1.1.3. Contents 1.1.3.1. Data 1.1.3.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 13 A GeoPackage file SHALL include a gpkg_contents table per table Contents Table or View Definition and gpkg_contents Table Definition SQL. The purpose of the gpkg_contents table is to provide identifying and descriptive information that an application can display to a user in a menu of geospatial data that is available for access and/or update. Table 5. Contents Table or View Definition Column

Type

Description

Null

TEXT

The name of the tiles, or feature

Default

Key

Name table_name

table data_type

TEXT

Type of data stored in the table:.

“features” per clause Features, “tiles” per clause Tiles, or an implementer-defined value for other data tables per clause in an Extended GeoPackage. identifier

TEXT

yes

UNIQUE

A human-readable identifier (e.g. short name) for the table_name content description

TEXT

A human-readable description for

yes

strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ', 'now')

the table_name content last_change

DATETIME

timestamp value in ISO 8601 format as defined by the strftime function %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ format string applied to the current time

min_x

DOUBLE

Bounding box minimum easting or

yes

longitude for all content in table_name min_y

DOUBLE

Bounding box minimum northing or

yes

latitude for all content in table_name max_x

DOUBLE

Bounding box maximum easting or

yes

longitude for all content in table_name max_y

DOUBLE

Bounding box maximum northing or

yes

latitude for all content in table_name srs_id

INTEGER

Spatial Reference System ID:

yes

gpkg_spatial_ref_sys.srs_id ;

when data_type is features, SHALL also match gpkg_geometry_columns.srs_id ;

When data_type is tiles, SHALL also match gpkg_tile_matrix_set.srs_id

The gpkg_contents table is intended to provide a list of all geospatial contents in a GeoPackage. The data_type specifies the type of content. The bounding box ( min_x , min_y , max_x , max_y ) provides an informative bounding box (not necessarily minimum bounding box) of the content. If the srs_id column value references a geographic coordinate reference system (CRS), then the min/max x/y values are in decimal degrees; otherwise, the srs_id references a projected CRS and the min/max x/y values are in the units specified by that CRS. See gpkg_contents Table Definition SQL. 1.1.3.1.2. Table Data Values Requirement 14 The table_name column value in a gpkg_contents table row SHALL contain the name of a SQLite table or view.

Requirement 15 Values of the gpkg_contents table last_change column SHALL be in ISO 8601 (http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail? csnumber=40874) [29] format containing a complete date plus UTC hours, minutes, seconds and a decimal fraction of a second, with a ‘Z’ (‘zulu’) suﬃx indicating UTC. [6]

Requirement 16 Values of the gpkg_contents table srs_id column SHALL reference values in the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table srs_id column.

2. Options The optional capabilities specified in this clause depend on the required capabilities specified in clause Base above. Each subclause of this clause defines an indivisible module of functionality that can be used in GeoPackages. These modules are referred to as options. GeoPackages MAY use one or more options defined in this section. GeoPackages MAY omit the tables for options that are not used. As a minimum, a GeoPackage SHALL contain one user data table as defined by the Features or Tiles options in clauses Features and Tiles respectively. Requirement 17 A GeoPackage SHALL contain features per clause Features and/or tiles per clause Tiles and row(s) in the gpkg_contents table with lowercase data_type column values of “features” and/or “tiles” describing the user data tables.

2.1. Features 2.1.1. Simple Features SQL Introduction Vector feature data represents geolocated entities including conceptual ones such as districts, real world objects such as roads and rivers, and observations thereof. International standards [9][10][11][12] have standardized practices for the storage, access and use of vector geospatial features and geometries via SQL in relational databases. The first component of the SQL schema for vector features in a GeoPackage is the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table defined in clause Spatial Reference Systems above. Other components are defined below. In a GeoPackage, “simple” features are geolocated using a linear geometry subset of the SQL/MM (ISO 13249-3) [12] geometry model shown in Core Geometry Model below.

Figure 2. Core Geometry Model The instantiable (not abstract) geometry types defined in this Standard are restricted to 0, 1 and 2-dimensional geometric objects that exist in 2, 3 or 4-dimensional coordinate space (R2, R3 or R4). Geometry values in R2 have points with coordinate values for x and y. Geometry values in R3 have points with coordinate values for x, y and z or for x, y and m. Geometry values in R4 have points with coordinate values for x, y, z and m. The interpretation of the coordinates is subject to the coordinate reference systems associated to the point. All coordinates within a geometry object should be in the same coordinate reference systems. Geometries MAY include z coordinate values. The z coordinate value traditionally represents the third dimension (i.e. 3D). In a Geographic Information System (GIS) this may be height above or below sea level. For example: A map might have a point identifying the position of a mountain peak by its location on the earth, with the x and y coordinate values, and the height of the mountain, with the z coordinate value.

Geometries MAY include m coordinate values. The m coordinate value allows the application environment to associate some measure with the point values. For example: A stream network may be modeled as multilinestring value with the m coordinate values measuring the distance from the mouth of stream. All geometry types described in this standard are defined so that instances of Geometry are topologically closed, i.e. all represented geometries include their boundary as point sets. This does not aﬀect their representation, and open version of the same classes MAY be used in other circumstances, such as topological representations. A brief description of each geometry type is provided below. A more detailed description can be found in ISO 13249-3 [12]. Geometry: the root of the geometry type hierarchy. Point: a single location in space. Each point has an X and Y coordinate. A point MAY optionally also have a Z and/or an M value. Curve: the base type for all 1-dimensional geometry types. A 1-dimensional geometry is a geometry that has a length, but no area. A curve is considered simple if it does not intersect itself (except at the start and end point). A curve is considered closed its start and end point are coincident. A simple, closed curve is called a ring. LineString: A Curve that connects two or more points in space. Surface: the base type for all 2-dimensional geometry types. A 2-dimensional geometry is a geometry that has an area. CurvePolygon: A planar surface defined by an exterior ring and zero or more interior ring. Each ring is defined by a Curve instance. Polygon: A restricted form of CurvePolygon where each ring is defined as a simple, closed LineString. GeometryCollection: A collection of zero or more Geometry instances. [7] MultiSurface: A restricted form of GeometryCollection where each Geometry in the collection must be of type Surface. MultiPolygon: A restricted form of MultiSurface where each Surface in the collection must be of type Polygon. MultiCurve: A restricted form of GeometryCollection where each Geometry in the collection must be of type Curve. MultiLineString: A restricted form of MultiCurve where each Curve in the collection must be of type LineString. MultiPoint: A restricted form of GeometryCollection where each Geometry in the collection must be of type Point.

2.1.2. Contents 2.1.2.1. Data 2.1.2.1.1. Contents Table – Features Row Requirement 18 The gpkg_contents table SHALL contain a row with a lowercase data_type column value of “features” for each vector features user data table or view.

2.1.3. Geometry Encoding 2.1.3.1. Data 2.1.3.1.1. BLOB Format Requirement 19 A GeoPackage SHALL store feature table geometries with or without optional elevation (Z) and/or measure (M) values in SQL BLOBs using the Standard GeoPackageBinary format specified in table GeoPackage SQL Geometry Binary Format and clause BLOB Format. GeoPackage SQL Geometry Binary Format

GeoPackageBinaryHeader { byte[2] magic = 0x4750; byte version; byte flags; int32 srs_id; double[] envelope; }

1 2 3

StandardGeoPackageBinary { GeoPackageBinaryHeader header; WKBGeometry geometry; }

5 6

GP in ASCII

8-bit unsigned integer, 0 = version 1

see bit layout of GeoPackageBinary flags byte

see flags envelope contents indicator code below

The X bit in the header flags field must be set to 0.

per OGC 06-103r4 [9] [8][9][10]

Table 6. bit layout of GeoPackageBinary flags byte bit

use

flag bits use: R: reserved for future use; set to 0 X: GeoPackageBinary type 0: StandardGeoPackageBinary. See below 1: ExtendedGeoPackageBinary. See User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. Y: empty geometry flag 0: non-empty geometry 1: empty geometry E: envelope contents indicator code (3-bit unsigned integer) 0: no envelope (space saving slower indexing option), 0 bytes 1: envelope is [minx, maxx, miny, maxy], 32 bytes 2: envelope is [minx, maxx, miny, maxy, minz, maxz], 48 bytes 3: envelope is [minx, maxx, miny, maxy, minm, maxm], 48 bytes 4: envelope is [minx, maxx, miny, maxy, minz, maxz, minm, maxm], 64 bytes 5-7: invalid B: byte order for header values (1-bit Boolean) 0: Big Endian (most significant byte first) 1: Little Endian (least significant byte first) Well-Known Binary as defined in OGC 06-103r4 [9] does not provide a standardized encoding for an empty point set (i.e., Point Empty in Well-Known Text). In GeoPackages these points SHALL be encoded as a Point where each coordinate value is set to an IEEE-754 quiet NaN value. GeoPackages SHALL use big endian 0x7ﬀ8000000000000 or little endian 0x000000000000f87f as the binary encoding of the NaN values.

When the WKBGeometry in a GeoPackageBinary is empty, either the envelope contents indicator code SHALL be 0 indicating no envelope, or the envelope SHALL have its values set to NaN as defined for an empty point.

2.1.4. SQL Geometry Types 2.1.4.1. Data 2.1.4.1.1. Core Types Requirement 20 A GeoPackage SHALL store feature table geometries with the basic simple feature geometry types (Geometry, Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon, GeomCollection) in Geometry Types (Normative) Geometry Type Codes (Core) in the GeoPackageBinary geometry encoding format.

2.1.5. Geometry Columns 2.1.5.1. Data 2.1.5.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 21 A GeoPackage with a gpkg_contents table row with a “features” data_type SHALL contain a gpkg_geometry_columns table or updateable view per Geometry Columns Table or View Definition and gpkg_geometry_columns Table Definition SQL. The second component of the SQL schema for vector features in a GeoPackage is a gpkg_geometry_columns table that identifies the geometry columns and geometry types in tables that contain user data representing features. Table 7. Geometry Columns Table or View Definition Column Name

Type

Description

Key

table_name

TEXT

Name of the table containing the geometry column

PK, FK

column_name

TEXT

Name of a column in the feature table that is a Geometry Column

geometry_type_name

TEXT

Name from Geometry Type Codes (Core) or Geometry Type Codes (Extension) in

Geometry Types (Normative) srs_id

INTEGER

Spatial Reference System ID: gpkg_spatial_ref_sys.srs_id

TINYINT

0: z values prohibited; 1: z values mandatory; 2: z values optional

TINYINT

0: m values prohibited; 1: m values mandatory; 2: m values optional

The FK on gpkg_geometry_columns.srs_id references the PK on gpkg_spatial_ref_sys.srs_id to ensure that geometry columns are only defined in feature tables for defined spatial reference systems. Views of this table or view MAY be used to provide compatibility with the SQL/MM [12] SQL/MM View of gpkg_geometry_columns Definition SQL (Informative) and OGC Simple Features SQL [9][10][11] SF/SQL VIEW of gpkg_geometry_columns Definition SQL (Informative) specifications. See gpkg_geometry_columns Table Definition SQL. 2.1.5.1.2. Table Data Values Requirement 22 The gpkg_geometry_columns table or updateable view SHALL contain one row record for the geometry column in each vector feature data table (clause Vector Feature User Data Tables) in a GeoPackage.

Requirement 23

Values of the gpkg_geometry_columns table_name column SHALL reference values in the gpkg_contents table_name column for rows with a data_type of features.

Requirement 24 The column_name column value in a gpkg_geometry_columns row SHALL be the name of a column in the table or view specified by the table_name column value for that row.

Requirement 25 The geometry_type_name value in a gpkg_geometry_columns row SHALL be one of the uppercase geometry type names specified in Geometry Types (Normative).

Requirement 26 The srs_id value in a gpkg_geometry_columns table row SHALL be an srs_id column value from the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table.

Requirement 27 The z value in a gpkg_geometry_columns table row SHALL be one of 0, 1, or 2.

Requirement 28 The m value in a gpkg_geometry_columns table row SHALL be one of 0, 1, or 2.

2.1.6. Vector Feature User Data Tables 2.1.6.1. Data 2.1.6.1.1. Table Definition The third component of the SQL schema for vector features in a GeoPackage described in clause Simple Features SQL Introduction above are tables that contain user data representing features. Feature attributes are columns in a feature table, including geometries. Features are rows in a feature table. [11] Requirement 29 A GeoPackage MAY contain tables or updateable views containing vector features. Every such feature table or view in a GeoPackage SHALL have a column with column type INTEGER and PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT column constraints per EXAMPLE : Sample Feature Table or View Definition and sample_feature_table Table Definition SQL (Informative). The integer primary key of a feature table allows features to be linked to row level metadata records in the gpkg_metadata table by rowid [B5] values in the gpkg_metadata_reference table as described in clause Metadata Reference Table below. Requirement 30 A feature table SHALL have only one geometry column. Feature data models [B23] from non-GeoPackage implementations that have multiple geometry columns per feature table MAY be transformed into GeoPackage implementations with a separate feature table for each geometry type whose rows have matching integer primary key values that allow them to be joined in a view with the same column definitions as the non-GeoPackage feature data model with multiple geometry columns. Requirement 31 The declared SQL type of the geometry column in a vector feature user data table SHALL be the uppercase geometry type name from Annex G specified by the geometry_type_name column for that column_name and table_name in the gpkg_geometry_columns table. Table 8. EXAMPLE : Sample Feature Table or View Definition

Column Name

Type

Description

Null

INTEGER

Autoincrement primary key

geometry

GEOMETRY

GeoPackage Geometry

yes

text_attribute

TEXT

Text attribute of feature

yes

real_attribute

REAL

Real attribute of feature

yes

boolean_attribute

BOOLEAN

Boolean attribute of feature

yes

raster_or_photo

BLOB

Photograph of the area

yes

Default

Key PK

See sample_feature_table Table Definition SQL (Informative). 2.1.6.1.2. Table Data Values A feature geometry is stored in a geometry column specified by the geometry_column value for the feature table in the gpkg_geometry_columns table defined in clause Geometry Columns above.

The geometry type of a feature geometry column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table geometry_type_name column is a name from Geometry Types (Normative). Requirement 32 Feature table geometry columns SHALL contain geometries of the type or assignable for the type specified for the column by the gpkg_geometry_columns table geometry_type_name uppercase column value [12].

Geometry subtypes are assignable as defined in Geometry Types (Normative) and shown in part in Core Geometry Model. For example, if the geometry_type_name value in the gpkg_geometry_columns table is for a geometry type like POINT that has no subtypes, then the feature table geometry column MAY only contain geometries of that type. If the geometry type_name value in the gpkg_geometry_columns table is for a geometry type like GEOMCOLLECTION that has subtypes, then the feature table geometry

column MAY only contain geometries of that type or any of its direct or indirect subtypes. If the geometry type_name is GEOMETRY (the root of the geometry type hierarchy) then the feature table geometry column MAY contain geometries of any geometry type. The presence or absence of optional elevation (Z) and/or measure (M) values in a geometry does not change its type or assignability. The unit of measure for optional elevation(Z) values is determined by the CRS of the geometry; it is as-defined by a 3D CRS, and undefined for a 2D CRS. The unit of measure for optional measure (M) values is determined by the CRS of the geometry. The spatial reference system type of a feature geometry column specified by a gpkg_geometry_columns table srs_id column value is a code from the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table srs_id column. Requirement 33 Feature table geometry columns SHALL contain geometries with the srs_id specified for the column by the gpkg_geometry_columns table srs_id column value.

2.2. Tiles 2.2.1. Tile Matrix Introduction There are a wide variety of commercial and open source conventions for storing, indexing, accessing and describing tiles in tile pyramids. Unfortunately, no applicable existing consensus, national or international specifications have standardized practices in this domain. In addition, various image file formats have diﬀerent representational capabilities, and include diﬀerent self-descriptive metadata. The tile store data / metadata model and convention described below support direct use of tiles in a GeoPackage in two ways. First, they specify how existing application MAY create SQL Views of the data /metadata model on top of existing application tables that that follow diﬀerent interface conventions. Second, they include and expose enough metadata information at both the dataset and record

level to allow applications that use GeoPackage data to discover its characteristics without having to parse all of the stored images. Applications that store GeoPackage tile data, which are presumed to have this information available, SHALL store suﬃcient metadata to enable its intended use. The GeoPackage tile store data model MAY be implemented directly as SQL tables in a SQLite database for maximum performance, or as SQL views on top of tables in an existing SQLite tile store for maximum adaptability and loose coupling to enable widespread implementation. A GeoPackage CAN store multiple raster and tile pyramid data sets in diﬀerent tables or views in the same container. [13] “Tile pyramid” refers to the concept of pyramid structure of tiles of diﬀerent spatial extent and resolution at diﬀerent zoom levels, and the tile data itself. “Tile matrix” refers to rows and columns of tiles that all have the same spatial extent and resolution at a particular zoom level. “Tile matrix set” refers to the definition of a tile pyramid’s tiling structure. The tables or views that implement the GeoPackage tile store data / metadata model are described and discussed individually in the following subsections.

2.2.2. Contents 2.2.2.1. Data 2.2.2.1.1. Contents Table – Tiles Row Requirement 34 The gpkg_contents table SHALL contain a row with a data_type column value of “tiles” for each tile pyramid user data table or view.

2.2.3. Zoom Levels In a GeoPackage, zoom levels are integers in sequence from 0 to n that identify tile matrix layers in a tile matrix set that contain tiles of decreasing spatial extent and finer spatial resolution. Adjacent zoom levels immediately preceed or follow each other and diﬀer by a value of 1. Pixel sizes are real numbers in the terrain units of the spatial reference system of a tile image specifying the dimensions of the real world area represented by one pixel. Pixel size MAY vary by a constant factor or by diﬀerent factors or intervals between some or all adjacent zoom levels in a tile matrix set. In the commonly used "zoom times two" convention, pixel sizes vary by a factor of 2 between all adjacent zoom levels, as shown in the example in Tiles Zoom Times Two Example (Informative). Other "zoom other intervals" conventions use diﬀerent factors or irregular intervals with pixel sizes chosen for intuitive cartographic representation of raster data, or to coincide with the original pixel size of commonly used global image products. See Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) [16] Annex E for additional examples of both conventions.

2.2.3.1. Data 2.2.3.1.1. Zoom Times Two Requirement 35 In a GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table that contains tile data, by default [14], zoom level pixel sizes for that table SHALL vary by a factor of 2 between adjacent zoom levels in the tile matrix metadata table.

2.2.4. Tile Encoding PNG 2.2.4.1. Data 2.2.4.1.1. MIME Type PNG Requirement 36 In a GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table that contains tile data that is not MIME type (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt) image/jpeg (http://www.jpeg.org/public/jfif.pdf) [17][18][19], by default SHALL store that tile data in MIME type (http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html) image/png (http://libpng.org/pub/png/) [20][21]. [15]

2.2.5. Tile Encoding JPEG 2.2.5.1. Data 2.2.5.1.1. MIME Type JPEG Requirement 37

In a GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table that contains tile data that is not MIME type (http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html) image/png (http://libpng.org/pub/png/) [20][21], by default SHALL store that tile data in MIME type (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt) image/jpeg (http://www.jpeg.org/public/jfif.pdf) [17][18][19]. [16]

2.2.6. Tile Matrix Set 2.2.6.1. Data 2.2.6.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 38 A GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table SHALL contain gpkg_tile_matrix_set table or view per Table Definition, Tile Matrix Set Table or View Definition and gpkg_tile_matrix_set Table Creation SQL. Table 9. Tile Matrix Set Table or View Definition Column

Column

Name

Type

table_name

TEXT

Column Description

Null

Tile Pyramid User Data Table Name

Default

Key

PK, FK

srs_id

INTEGER

Spatial Reference System ID: gpkg_spatial_ref_sys.srs_id

min_x

DOUBLE

Bounding box minimum easting or longitude for all content in

table_name min_y

DOUBLE

Bounding box minimum northing or latitude for all content in

table_name max_x

DOUBLE

Bounding box maximum easting or longitude for all content in

table_name max_y

DOUBLE

Bounding box maximum northing or latitude for all content in

table_name The gpkg_tile_matrix_set table or updateable view defines the spatial reference system (srs_id) and the maximum bounding box (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y) for all possible tiles in a tile pyramid user data table. All tiles present in the tile pyramid SHALL fall within this bounding box. However, the bounding box MAY be larger than the minimum bounding rectangle around the actual tiles in that pyramid. See gpkg_tile_matrix_set Table Creation SQL. 2.2.6.1.2. Table Data Values The minimum bounding box defined in the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table or view for a tile pyramid user data table SHALL be exact so that the bounding box coordinates for individual tiles in a tile pyramid MAY be calculated based on the column values for the user data table in the gpkg_tile_matrix table or view. For example, because GeoPackages use the upper left tile origin convention defined in clause Table Data Values below, the gpkg_tile_matrix_set (min_x, max_y) ordinate is the upper-left corner of tile (0,0) for all zoom levels in a table_name tile pyramid user data table. Requirement 39 Values of the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table_name column SHALL reference values in th gpkg_contents table_name column for rows with a data type of "tiles".

Requirement 40 The gpkg_tile_matrix_set table or view SHALL contain one row record for each tile pyramid user data table.

Requirement 41

Values of the gpkg_tile_matrix_set srs_id column SHALL reference values in the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys srs_id column.

2.2.7. Tile Matrix 2.2.7.1. Data 2.2.7.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 42 A GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table SHALL contain a gpkg_tile_matrix table or view per clause 2.2.7.1.1 Table Definition, Table Tile Matrix Metadata Table or View Definition and Table gpkg_tile_matrix Table Creation SQL. Table 10. Tile Matrix Metadata Table or View Definition Column Name

Column Type

Column Description

Null

Key

table_name

TEXT

Tile Pyramid User Data Table Name

PK, FK

zoom_level

INTEGER

0 ⇐ zoom_level ⇐ max_level for table_name

matrix_width

INTEGER

Number of columns (>= 1) in tile matrix at this zoom level

matrix_height

INTEGER

Number of rows (>= 1) in tile matrix at this zoom level

tile_width

INTEGER

Tile width in pixels (>= 1)for this zoom level

tile_height

INTEGER

Tile height in pixels (>= 1) for this zoom level

pixel_x_size

DOUBLE

In t_table_name srid units or default meters for srid 0 (>0)

pixel_y_size

DOUBLE

In t_table_name srid units or default meters for srid 0 (>0)

The gpkg_tile_matrix table or updateable view documents the structure of the tile matrix at each zoom level in each tiles table. It allows GeoPackages to contain rectangular as well as square tiles (e.g. for better representation of polar regions). It allows tile pyramids with zoom levels that diﬀer in resolution by factors of 2, irregular intervals, or regular intervals other than factors of 2. See gpkg_tile_matrix Table Creation SQL 2.2.7.1.2. Table Data Values Requirement 43 Values of the gpkg_tile_matrix table_name column SHALL reference values in the gpkg_contents table_name column for rows with a data_type of “tiles”.

Requirement 44 The gpkg_tile_matrix table or view SHALL contain one row record for each zoom level that contains one or more tiles in each tile pyramid user data table or view.

Requirement 45 The width of a tile matrix (the diﬀerence between min_x and max_x in gpkg_tile_matrix_set ) SHALL equal the product of matrix_width , tile_width , and pixel_x_size for that zoom level. Similarly, height of a tile matrix (the diﬀerence between min_y and max_y in gpkg_tile_matrix_set ) SHALL equal the product of matrix_height , tile_height , and pixel_y_size for that zoom level.

The gpkg_tile_matrix table or view MAY contain row records for zoom levels in a tile pyramid user data table that do not contain tiles.

GeoPackages follow the most frequently used conventions of a tile origin at the upper left and a zoom-out-level of 0 for the smallest map scale “whole world” zoom level view [17], as specified by WMTS (http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=35326) [16]. The tile coordinate (0,0) always refers to the tile in the upper left corner of the tile matrix at any zoom level, regardless of the actual availability of that tile. Requirement 46 The zoom_level column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL not be negative.

Requirement 47 The matrix_width column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 48 The matrix_height column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 49 The tile_width column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 50 The tile_height column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 51 The pixel_x_size column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 52 The pixel_y_size column value in a gpkg_tile_matrix table row SHALL be greater than 0.

Requirement 53 The pixel_x_size and pixel_y_size column values for zoom_level column values in a gpkg_tile_matrix table sorted in ascending order SHALL be sorted in descending order. Tiles MAY or MAY NOT be provided for level 0 or any other particular zoom level. [18] This means that a tile matrix set can be sparse, i.e. not contain a tile for any particular position at a certain tile zoom level. [19] This does not aﬀect the informative spatial extent stated by the min/max x/y columns values in the gpkg_contents record for the same table_name , the exact spatial extent stated by the min/max x/y columns values in the gpkg_tile_matrix_set record for the same table name, or the tile matrix width and height at that level. [20]

2.2.8. Tile Pyramid User Data Tables 2.2.8.1. Data 2.2.8.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 54 Each tile matrix set in a GeoPackage SHALL be stored in a diﬀerent tile pyramid user data table or updateable view with a unique name that SHALL have a column named "id" with column type INTEGER and PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT column constraints per Clause 2.2.8.1.1 Table Definition, Tiles Table or View Definition and EXAMPLE: tiles table Create Table SQL (Informative). Table 11. Tiles Table or View Definition Column

Column

Name

Type

Column Description

Null

Default

Key

INTEGER

Autoincrement primary key

zoom_level

INTEGER

min(zoom_level) ⇐ zoom_level ⇐ max(zoom_level) for t_table_name

tile_column

INTEGER

0 to tile_matrix matrix_width – 1

tile_row

INTEGER

0 to tile_matrix matrix_height - 1

tile_data

BLOB

Of an image MIME type specified in clauses Tile Encoding PNG, Tile

Encoding JPEG, [tile_enc_webp] See EXAMPLE: tiles table Create Table SQL (Informative). 2.2.8.1.2. Table Data Values Each tile pyramid user data table or view [21] MAY contain tile matrices at zero or more zoom levels of diﬀerent spatial resolution (map scale). Requirement 55 For each distinct table_name from the gpkg_tile_matrix (tm) table, the tile pyramid (tp) user data table zoom_level column value in a GeoPackage SHALL be in the range min(tm.zoom_level) ⇐ tp.zoom_level ⇐ max(tm.zoom_level).

Requirement 56 For each distinct table_name from the gpkg_tile_matrix (tm) table, the tile pyramid (tp) user data table tile_column column value in a GeoPackage SHALL be in the range 0 ⇐ tp.tile_column ⇐ tm.matrix_width – 1 where the tm and tp zoom_level column values are equal.

Requirement 57 For each distinct table_name from the gpkg_tile_matrix (tm) table, the tile pyramid (tp) user data table tile_row column value in a GeoPackage SHALL be in the range 0 ⇐ tp.tile_row ⇐ tm.matrix_height – 1 where the tm and tp zoom_level column values are equal. All tiles at a particular zoom level have the same pixel_x_size and pixel_y_size values specified in the gpkg_tile_matrix row record for that tiles table and zoom level. [22]

2.3. Extension Mechanism 2.3.1. Introduction A GeoPackage extension is a set of one or more requirements clauses that are documented by filling out the GeoPackage Extension Template in GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative). A GeoPackage Extension either profiles / extends existing requirements clauses in the GeoPackage standard or adds new requirements clauses. Existing requirement clause extension examples include additional geometry types, additional SQL geometry functions, and additional tile image formats. New requirement clause extension examples include spatial indexes, triggers, additional tables, other BLOB column encodings, and other SQL functions. GeoPackage extensions are identified by a name of the form <author>_<extension name> where <author> indicates the person or organization that developed and maintains the extension. The author value “gpkg” is reserved for GeoPackage extensions that are developed and maintained by OGC and used in GeoPackages. Implementers use their own author names to register other extensions[23] used in Extended GeoPackages.

2.3.2. Extensions 2.3.2.1. Data 2.3.2.1.1. Table Definition Requirement 58

A GeoPackage MAY contain a table or updateable view named gpkg_extensions. If present this table SHALL be defined per clause 2.3.2.1.1 Table Definition, GeoPackage Extensions Table or View Definition (Table or View Name: gpkg_extensions) and gpkg_extensions Table Definition SQL. The gpkg_extensions table or updateable view in a GeoPackage is used to indicate that a particular extension applies to a GeoPackage, a table in a GeoPackage or a column of a table in a GeoPackage. An application that accesses a GeoPackage can query the gpkg_extensions table instead of the contents of all the user data tables to determine if it has the required capabilities to read or write to tables with extensions, and to “fail fast” and return an error message if it does not. Table 12. GeoPackage Extensions Table or View Definition (Table or View Name: gpkg_extensions) Column Name

Col

Column Description

Null

Key

Name of the table that requires the extension. When NULL, the extension is required

yes

Unique

yes

Unique

Type table_name

TEXT

for the entire GeoPackage. SHALL NOT be NULL when the column_name is not NULL. column_name

TEXT

Name of the column that requires the extension. When NULL, the extension is required for the entire table.

extension_name

TEXT

The case sensitive name of the extension that is required, in the form <author>_<extension_name>.

definition

TEXT

Definition of the extension in the form specfied by the template in GeoPackage

Extension Template (Informative) or reference thereto. scope

TEXT

Indicates scope of extension eﬀects on readers / writers: read-write or write-only in

lowercase. See gpkg_extensions Table Definition SQL. 2.3.2.1.2. Table Data Values Requirement 59 Every extension of a GeoPackage SHALL be registered in a corresponding row in the gpkg_extensions table. The absence of a gpkg_extensions table or the absence of rows in the gpkg_extensions table SHALL both indicate the absence of extensions to a GeoPackage.

Requirement 60 Values of the gpkg_extensions table_name column SHALL reference values in the gpkg_contents table_name column or be NULL. They SHALL NOT be NULL for rows where the column_name value is not NULL.

Requirement 61 The column_name column value in a gpkg_extensions row SHALL be the name of a column in the table specified by the table_name column value for that row, or be NULL.

Requirement 62 Each extension_name column value in a gpkg_extensions row SHALL be a unique case sensitive value of the form <author>_<extension_name> where <author> indicates the person or organization that developed and maintains the extension. The valid character set for <author> SHALL be [a-zA-Z0-9]. The valid character set for <extension_name> SHALL be [a-zA-Z0-9_]. An extension_name for the “gpkg” author name SHALL be one of those defined in this encoding standard or in an OGC document (e.g. Best Practices Document or Encoding Standard) that extends it. Complete examples of how to fill out the GeoPackage Extension Template in GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative) are provided by Annex F. The definition column value in a gpkg_extensions row for those extensions SHALL contain the sub-annex name and as a reference (e.g., F.3 RTree Spatial Indexes).

Partial examples of how to fill out the GeoPackage Extension Template in GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative) are provided by the templates in GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. Extension definitions created using those template and other extension definitions MAY be provided in the definition column, preferably as ASCII text, or as a reference such as a URI [23] or email address whereby the definition may be obtained. Requirement 63 The definition column value in a gpkg_extensions row SHALL contain or reference the text that results from documenting an extension by filling out the GeoPackage Extension Template in GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative). Some extensions do not impose any additional requirements on software that accesses a GeoPackage in a read-only fashion. An example of this is an extension that defines an SQL trigger that uses a non-standard SQL function defined in a GeoPackage SQLite Extension. Triggers are only invoked when data is written to the GeoPackage, so usage of this type of extension can be safely ignored for read-only access. This is indicated by a gpkg_extensions.scope column value of “write_only”. Requirement 64 The scope column value in a gpkg_extensions row SHALL be lowercase "read-write" for an extension that aﬀects both readers and writers, or "write-only" for an extension that aﬀects only writers. The author value “gpkg” is reserved for GeoPackage extensions that are developed and maintained by OGC. Requirements for extension names for the “gpkg” author name are defined in the clauses listed in 14 below. GeoPackage implementers use their own author names to register other extensions.

3. Security Considerations Security considerations for implementations utilizing GeoPackages are in the domain of the implementing application, deployment platform, operating system and networking environment. The GeoPackage standard does not place any constraints on application, platform, operating system level or network security.

Annex A: Conformance / Abstract Test Suite (Normative) A.1. Base A.1.1. Core A.1.1.1. SQLite Container A.1.1.1.1. Data File Format Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/file_format

Test Purpose

Verify that the Geopackage is an SQLite version_3 database

Test Method

Pass if the first 16 bytes of the file contain “SQLite format 3” in ASCII.

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.1.1 Req 1:

Test Type

Basic

Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/file_format/application_id

Test Purpose

Verify that the SQLite database header application id field indicates GeoPackage version 1.0

Test Method

Pass if the application id field of the SQLite database header contains “GP10” in ASCII.

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.1.1 Req 2:

Test Type

Basic

File Extension Name Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/file_extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the geopackage extension is ".gpkg"

Test Method

Pass if the geopackage file extension is ".gpkg"

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.1.2 Req 3:

Test Type

Basic

File Contents Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/file_contents

Test Purpose

Verify that the Geopackage only contains specified contents

Test Method

1. For each gpkg_* table_name a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Continue if returns an empty result set c. Fail if column definitions returned by PRAGMA table_info do not match column definitions for the table in Annex C. 2. Do test /opt/features/vector_features/data/feature_table_integer_primary_key 3. Do test /opt/features/vector/features/data/feature_table_one_geometry_column 4. Do test /opt/tiles/contents/data/tiles_row 5. SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_contents 6. For each row from #4 a. Fail if the substring before the first “_” is not “gpkg” 7. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.1.3 Req 4:

Test Type

Basic

Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/table_data_types

Test Purpose

Verify that the data types of GeoPackage columns include only the types specified by [table_column_data_types].

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘features’ 2. Not testable if returns empty set 3. For each row table name from step 1 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if returns empty set c. For each row type column value i. Fail if value is not one of the data type names specified by [table_column_data_types]

4. Pass if no fails

Reference

[table_column_data_types] Req 5:

Test Type

Basic

Integrity Check Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/file_integrity

Test Purpose

Verify that the geopackage passes the SQLite integrity check.

Test Method

Pass if PRAGMA integrity_check returns “ok"

Reference

Clause [_file_integrity] Req 6:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/base/core/container/data/foreign_key_integrity

Test Purpose

Verify that the geopackage passes the SQLite foreign_key_check.

Test Method

Pass if PRAGMA foreign_key_check() with no parameter value returns an empty result set

Reference

Clause [_file_integrity] Req 7:

Test Type

Capability

A.1.1.1.2. API Structured Query Language Test Case ID

/base/core/container/api/sql

Test Purpose

Test that the GeoPackage SQLite Extension provides the SQLite SQL API interface.

Test Method

1. sqlite3_exec(‘SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;) 2. Fail if returns an SQL error. 3. Pass otherwise

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.2.1 Req 8:

Test Type

Capability

Every GPKG SQLite Configuration Test Case ID

/base/core/container/api/every_gpkg_sqlite_config

Test Purpose

Verify that a GeoPackage SQLite Extension has the Every GeoPackage SQLite Configuration compile and run time options.

Test Method

1. For each “SQLITE_OMIT_*” <option> listed at http://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#omitfeatures (http://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#omitfeatures) a. SELECT sqlite_compileoption_used(SQLITE_OMIT_<option>) b. Fail if returns 1 2. PRAGMA foreign_keys

3. Fail if returns 0 4. Pass otherwise

Reference

Clause 1.1.1.2.2 Req 9:

Test Type

Basic

A.1.1.2. Spatial Reference Systems A.1.1.2.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/base/core/gpkg_spatial_ref_sys/data/table_def

Test

Verify that the gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table exists and has the correct definition.

Purpose 1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_spatial_ref_sys'

Test Method

2. Fail if returns an empty result set 3. Pass if column names and column definitions in the returned CREATE TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, and primary key constraints match all of those in the contents of C.1 Table 15. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Clause 1.1.2.1.1 Req 10:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case

/base/core/gpkg_spatial_ref_sys/data_values_default

ID Test

Verify that the spatial_ref_sys table contains the required default contents.

Purpose

1. SELECT srs_id, organization, organization_coordsys_id, description FROM gpkg_spatial_ref_sys WHERE srs

Test Method

2. SELECT srs_id, organization, organization_coordsys_id, description FROM gpkg_spatial_ref_sys WHERE srs

3. SELECT definition FROM gpkg_spatial_ref_sys WHERE organization IN (“epsg”,”EPSG”) AND organization_coo

["World Geodetic System 1984", SPHEROID["WGS 84", 6378137, 298.257223563 , AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]], AUTHORITY["E

AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]], UNIT["degree", 0.017453292519943278, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9102"]], AUTHORITY["EPSG","432

places, and ignoring any optional EBNF components <twin axes> and <to wgs84> and whitespace diﬀerences in the returned tex 4. Pass if tests 1-3 are met 5. Fail otherwise

Reference

Clause 1.1.2.1.2 Requirement 11:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID Test Purpose

/base/core/spatial_ref_sys/data_values_required

Verify that the spatial_ref_sys table contains rows to define all srs_id values used by features and tiles in a GeoPackage. Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT gc.srs_id AS gc_srid, srs.srs_name, srs.srs_id, srs.organization, srs.organization_coordsys_id, srs.definition FROM gpkg_contents AS gc LEFT OUTER JOIN gpkg_spatial_ref_sys AS srs ON srs.srs_id = gc.srs_id 2. Pass if no returned srs values are NULL. 3. Fail otherwise

Reference

Clause Clause 1.1.2.1.2 Req 12:

Test Type

Capability

A.1.1.3. Contents A.1.1.3.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/base/core/contents/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_contents table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_contents' 2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned CREATE TABLE statement, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of C.2 Table [gpkg_contents_sql]. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail Otherwise

Reference

Clause 1.1.3.1.1 Req 13:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/base/core/contents/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the table_name column values in the gpkg_contents table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT gc.table_name AS gc_table, sm.tbl_name FROM gpkg_contents AS ge LEFT OUTER JOIN sqlite_master AS sm ON gc.table_name = sm.tbl_name 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set. 3. Fail if any gpkg_contents.table_name value is NULL 4. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 1.1.3.1.2 Req 14:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/base/core/contents/data/data_values_last_change

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_contents table last_change column values are in ISO 8601 [29]format containing a complete date plus UTC hours, minutes, seconds and a decimal fraction of a second, with a ‘Z’ (‘zulu’) suﬃx indicating UTC. Test Method

1. SELECT last_change from gpkg_contents. 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set. 3. For each row from step 1 a. Fail if format of returned value does not match yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.hhhZ b. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Clause 1.1.3.1.2 Req 15:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/base/core/contents/data/data_values_srs_id

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_contents table srs_id column values reference gpkg_spatial_ref_sys srs_id column values.

Test Method

1. PRAGMA foreign_key_check(‘gpkg_contents’) 2. Fail if does not return an empty result set

Reference

Clause 1.1.3.1.2 Req 16:

Test Type

Capability

A.2. Options Test Case ID

/opt/valid_geopackage

Test Purpose

Verify that a GeoPackage contains a features or tiles table and gpkg_contents table row describing it.

Test Method

1. Execute test /opt/features/contents/data/features_row 2. Pass if test passed 3. Execute test /opt/tiles/contents/data/tiles_row 4. Pass if test passed 5. Fail otherwise

Reference

Clause 2 Req 17:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.1. Features A.2.1.1. Simple Features SQL Introduction A.2.1.2. Contents A.2.1.2.1. Data Contents Table Feature Row Test Case ID Test Purpose

/opt/features/contents/data/features_row

Verify that the gpkg_contents table_name value table exists, and is apparently a feature table for every row with a data_type column value of “features” Test Method

1. Execute test /opt/features/vector_features/data/feature_table_integer_primary_key

Reference

Clause 2.1.2.1.1 Req 18:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.1.3. Geometry Encoding A.2.1.3.1. Data BLOB Format Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_encoding/data/blob

Test Purpose

Verify that geometries stored in feature table geometry columns are encoded in the StandardGeoPackageBinary format.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS tn, column_name AS cn FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘features’) 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. SELECT cn FROM tn b. Not testable if none found c. For each cn value from step a i. Fail if the first two bytes of each gc are not “GP” ii. Fail if gc.version_number is not 0 iii. Fail if gc.flags.GeopackageBinary type != 0 iv. Fail if ST_IsEmpty(cn value) = 1 and gc.flags.envelope != 0 and envelope values are not NaN 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.1.3.1.1 Req 19:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.1.4. SQL Geometry Types A.2.1.4.1. Data Core Types Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_encoding/data/core_types_existing_sparse_data

Test Purpose

Verify that existing basic simple feature geometries are stored in valid GeoPackageBinary format encodings.

Test Method

b. For each row from step a, if bytes 2-5 of cn.wkb as uint32 in endianness of gc.wkb byte 1of cn from #1 are a geometry type value from Annex G Table 42, then i. Log cn.header values, wkb endianness and geometry type ii. If cn.wkb is not correctly encoded per ISO 13249-3 clause 5.1.46 then log fail iii. If cn.flags.E is 1 - 4 and some cn.wkbx is outside of cn.envelope.minx,maxx then log fail iv. If cn.flags.E is 1 - 4 and some gc.wkby is outside of cn.envelope.miny,maxy then log fail v. If cn.flags.E is 2,4 and some gc.wkb.z is outside of cnenvelope.minz,maxz then log fail vi. If cn.flags.E is 3,4 and some gc.wkb.m is outside of cn.envelope.minm,maxm then log fail vii. If cn.flags.E is 5-7 then log fail viii. Otherwise log pass 6. Pass if log contanins pass and no fails

Reference

Clause 2.1.4.1.1 Req 20:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_encoding/data/core_types_all_types_test_data

Test Purpose

Verify that all basic simple feature geometry types and options are stored in valid GeoPackageBinary format encodings.

Test Method

1. Open GeoPackage that has feature geometry values of geometry type in Annex G, for an assortment of srs_ids, for an assortment of coordinate values, without and with z and / or m values, in both big and little endian encodings: 2. /opt/features/geometry_encoding/data/core_types_existing_sparse_data 3. Pass if log contains pass record for big and little endian GP headers containing big and little endian WKBs for 0-1 envelope contents indicator codes for every geometry type value from Annex G without and with z and/or m values. 4. Fail otherwise

Reference

Clause 2.1.4.1.1 Req 20:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.1.5. Geometry Columns A.2.1.5.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_geometry_columns table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_geometry_columns' 2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned Create TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of C.4Table 20. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.1 Req 21:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_geometry_columns

Test Purpose

Verify that gpkg_geometry_columns contains one row record for each geometry column in each vector feature user data table.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'features' 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'features' AND table_name NOT IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns) 4. Fail if result set is not empty

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 22:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the table_name column values in the gpkg_geometry_columns table are valid.

Test Method

1. PRAGMA foreign_key_check(‘geometry_columns’) 2. Fail if returns any rows with a fourth column foreign key index value of 1 (gpkg_contents)

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 23:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_column_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the column_name column values in the gpkg_geometry_columns table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if gpkg_geometry_columns.column_name value does not equal a name column value returned by PRAGMA table_info. 4. Pass if no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 24:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_geometry_type_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the geometry_type_name column values in the gpkg_geometry_columns table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT geometry_type_name from gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. Fail if a returned geometry_type_name value is not in Table 42 or Table 43 in Annex G 4. Pass if no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 25:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_srs_id

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_geometry_columns table srs_id column values are valid.

Test Method

1. PRAGMA foreign_key_check(‘gpkg_geometry_columns’) 2. Fail if returns any rows with a fourth column foreign key index value of 0

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 26:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_z

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_geometry_columns table z column values are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT z FROM gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT z FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE z NOT IN (0,1,2) 4. Fail if does not return an empty result set 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 27:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/geometry_columns/data/data_values_m

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_geometry_columns table m column values are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT m FROM gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT m FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE m NOT IN (0,1,2) 4. Fail if does not return an empty result set 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.1.5.1.2 Req 28:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.1.6. Vector Features User Data Tables

A.2.1.6.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/features/vector_features/data/feature_table_integer_primary_key

Test Purpose

Verify that every vector features user data table has an integer primary key.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WERE data_type = ‘features’ 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if returns an empty result set c. Fail if result set does not contain one row where the pk column value is 1 and the not null column value is 1 and the type column value is “INTEGER” 4. Pass if no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.1.6.1.1 Req 29:

Test Type

Basic

Test Case ID

/opt/features/vector_features/data/feature_table_one_geometry_column

Test Purpose

Verify that every vector features user data table has one geometry column.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WERE data_type = ‘features’ 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row table name from step 1 a. SELECT column_name from gpkg_geometry_columns where table_name = row table name b. Fail if returns more than one column name 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.1.6.1.1 Req 30:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/vector_features/data/feature_table_geometry_column_type

Test Purpose

Verify that the declared SQL type of a feature table geometry column is the uppercase geometry type name from Annex G specified by the geometry_type_name column for that column_name and table_name in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name, geometry_type_name table_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = features) 2. For each row selected in (1): a. Fail if selected geometry_type_name value is not a value from the NAME column in Annex G Table 42 or Table 43. b. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = table AND name = ‘{selected table_ name}’ c. Pass if declared type of column_name selected in (1) is the geometry_type_name selected in (1) d. Fail otherwise

Reference

Clause 2.1.6.1.1 Req 31:

Test Type

Capability

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/features/vector_features/data/data_values_geometry_type

Test Purpose

Verify that the geometry type of feature geometries are of the type or are assignable for the geometry type specified by the gpkg_geometry columns table geometry_type_name column value.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS tn, column_name AS cn, geometry_type_name AS gt_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘features’) 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. SELECT DISTINCT ST_GeometryType(cn) FROM tn b. For each row actual_type_name from step a i. SELECT GPKG_IsAssignable(geometry_type_name, actual_type_name) ii. Fail if any returned 0 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.1.6.1.2 Req 32:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/features/vector_features/data/data_value_geometry_srs_id

Test Purpose

Verify the the srs_id of feature geometries are the srs_id specified for the gpkg_geometry_columns table srs_id column value.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS tn, column_name AS cn, srs_id AS gc_srs_id FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents where data_type = ‘features’) 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. SELECT DISTINCT st_srid(cn) FROM tn b. For each row from step a i. Fail if returnvalue not equal to gc_srs_id 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.1.6.1.2 Req 33:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2. Tiles A.2.2.1. Contents A.2.2.1.1. Data Contents Table – Tiles Row Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/contents/data/tiles_row

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_contents table_name value table exists and is apparently a tiles table for every row with a data_type column value of “tiles”.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = “tiles” 2. Not testable if returns empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if returns an empty result set c. Fail if result set does not contain one row where the pk column value is 1 and the not null column value is 1 and the type column value is “INTEGER”and the name column value is “id” d. Fail if result set does not contain four other rows where the name column values are “zoom_level”,”tile_column”,”tile_row”, and “tile_data”. 4. Pass if no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.2.2.1.1 Req 34:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.2. Zoom Levels A.2.2.2.1. Data Zoom Times Two Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_times_two

Test Purpose

Verify that zoom level pixel sizes for tile matrix user data tables vary by factors of 2 between adjacent zoom levels in the tile matrix metadata table.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = tiles 2. Not testable if returns empty result set 3. For each row table_name from step 1 a. SELECT zoom_level, pixel_x_size, pixel_y_size FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = selected table name ORDER BY zoom_level ASC b. Not testable if returns empty result set, or only one row c. Not testable if there are not two rows with adjacent zoom levels d. Fail if any pair of rows for adjacent zoom levels have pixel_x_size or pixel_y_size values that diﬀer by other than factors of two 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.3.1.1 Req 35:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.3. Tile Encoding PNG A.2.2.3.1. Data MIME Type PNG Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tiles_encoding/data/mime_type_png

Test Purpose

Verify that a tile matrix user data table that contains tile data that is not MIME type image/jpeg by default contains tile data in MIME type image/png.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS tn FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'tiles' 2. For each row tbl_name from step 1 a. WHEN (SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = 'gpkg_extensions') = 'gpkg_extensions' THEN (SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE table_name = 'tn' AND column_name = 'tile_data') END; i. Not testable unless it returns empty result set b. SELECT tile_data FROM tn c. For each row tile_data from step a i. Pass if tile data in MIME type image/jpeg ii. Pass if tile data in MIME type image/png iii. Fail if no passes

Reference

Clause 2.2.4.1.1 Req 36:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.4. Tile Encoding JPEG A.2.2.4.1. Data MIME Type JPEG Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tiles_encoding/data/mime_type_jpeg

Test Purpose

Verify that a tile matrix user data table that contains tile data that is not MIME type image/png by default contains tile data in MIME type image/jpeg.

Test Method

Reference

Clause 2.2.5.1.1 Req 37:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.5. Tile Matrix Set A.2.2.5.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix_set/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_tile_matrix_set'

2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned CREATE TABLE statement in the sql column value,, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of [example_feature_table_sql]. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.6.1.1 Req 38:

Test Type

Capability

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix_set/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that values of the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table_name column reference values in the gpkg_contents table_name column for rows with a data type of “tiles”.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_tile_matrix_set 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_tile_matrix_set tms WHERE table_name NOT IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents gc WHERE tms.table_name = gc.table_name AND gc.data_type != ‘tiles’) 4. Fail if result set contains any rows 5. Pass otherwise

Reference

Clause 2.2.6.1.2 Req 39:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix_set/data/data_values_row_record

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table contains a row record for each tile pyramid user data table .

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> from gpkg_contents where data_type = ‘tiles’ 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=’table’ AND tbl_name = <user_data_tiles_table> b. Fail if returns an empty result set 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.6.1.2 Req 40:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix_set/data/data_values_srs_id

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_tile_matrix_set table srs_id column values reference gpkg_spatial_ref_sys srs_id column values.

Test Method

1. PRAGMA foreign_key_check(‘gpkg_geometry_columns’) 2. Fail if returns any rows with a fourth column foreign key index value of 1 (gpkg_spatial_ref_sys)

Reference

Clause 2.2.6.1.2 Req 41:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.6. Tile Matrix A.2.2.6.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_tile_matrix table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_tile_matrix' 2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned CREATE TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, default values, primary, and foreign key constraints match all of those in the contents of Annex C Table 23. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.1 Req 42:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that values of the gpkg_tile_matrix table_name column reference values in the gpkg_contents table_name column for rows with a data type of “tiles”.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_tile_matrix tmm WHERE table_name NOT IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents gc WHERE tmm.table_name = gc.table_name AND gc.data_type != ‘tiles’) 4. Fail if result set contains any rows 5. Pass otherwise

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 43:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_zoom_level_rows

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_tile_matrix table contains a row record for each zoom level that contains one or more tiles in each tile pyramid user data table.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> from gpkg_contents where data_type = ‘tiles’ 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1

a. SELECT DISTINCT gtmm.zoom_level AS gtmm_zoom, udt.zoom_level AS udtt_zoom FROM gpkg_tile_matrix AS gtmm LEFT OUTER JOIN <user_data_tiles_table> AS udtt ON udtt.zoom_level = gtmm.zoom_level AND gtmm.t_table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> b. Fail if any gtmm_zoom column value in the result set is NULL 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 44:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_width_height

Test Purpose

Verify that the tile matrix extents in gpkg_tile_matrix_set match the contents of the gpkg_tile_matrix table.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> from gpkg_contents where data_type = ‘tiles’ 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. SELECT max_x - min_x from gpkg_tile_matrix_set where table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> b. SELECT zoom_level, matrix_width * tile_width * pixel_x_size from gpkg_tile_matrix where table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> c. SELECT max_y - min_y from gpkg_tile_matrix_set where table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> d. SELECT zoom_level, matrix_height * tile_height * pixel_y_size from gpkg_tile_matrix where table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> e. Fail if, for any zoom level, the diﬀerence for an axis does not equal the product for that axis at that zoom level 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 45:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_zoom_level

Test Purpose

Verify that zoom level column values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are not negative.

Test Method

1. SELECT zoom_level FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(zoom_level) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix_metadata. 4. Fail if less than 0. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 46:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_matrix_width

Test Purpose

Verify that the matrix_width values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT matrix_width FROM gpkg_tile_matrix

2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(matrix_width) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 1. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference:

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 47:

Test Type:

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_matrix_height

Test Purpose

Verify that the matrix_height values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT matrix_height FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(matrix_height) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 1. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 48:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_tile_width

Test Purpose

Verify that the tile_width values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT tile_width FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(tile_width) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 1. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 49:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_tile_height

Test Purpose

Verify that the tile_height values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT tile_height FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(tile_height) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 1. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 50:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_pixel_x_size

Test Purpose

Verify that the pixel_x_size values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT pixel_x_size FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(pixel_x_size) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 0. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 51:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_pixel_y_size

Test Purpose

Verify that the pixel_y_size values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT pixel_y_size FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT min(pixel_y_size) FROM gpkg_tile_matrix. 4. Fail if less than 0. 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 52:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/gpkg_tile_matrix/data/data_values_pixel_size_sort

Test Purpose

Verify that the pixel_x_size and pixel_y_size column values for zoom level column values in a gpkg_tile_matrix table sorted in ascending order are sorted in descending order, showing that lower zoom levels are zoomed “out”.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘tiles’ 2. Not testable if returns empty result set 3. For each row table_name from step 1 a. SELECT zoom_level, pixel_x_size, pixel_y_size from gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = row table name ORDER BY zoom_level ASC b. Not testable if returns empty result set c. Fail if pixel_x_sizes are not sorted in descending order d. Fail if pixel_y_sizes are not sorted in descending order 4. Pass if testable and no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.7.1.2 Req 53:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.2.7. Tile Pyramid User Data

A.2.2.7.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tile_pyramid/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that multiple tile pyramids are stored in diﬀerent tiles tables with unique names containing the required columns.

Test Method

1. SELECT COUNT(table_name) FROM gpkg_contents WERE data_type = “tiles” 2. Not testable if less than 1 3. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = “tiles” 4. For each row from step 3 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if returns an empty result set c. Fail if result set does not contain one row where the pk column value is 1 and the not null column value is 1 and the type column value is “INTEGER”and the name column value is “id” d. Fail if result set does not contain four other rows where the name column values are “zoom_level”,”tile_column”,”tile_row”, and “tile_data”. 5. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.8.1.1 Req 54:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tile_pyramid/data/data_values_zoom_levels

Test Purpose

Verify that the zoom level column values in each tile pyramid user data table are within the range of zoom levels defined by rows in the gpkg_tile_matrix table.

Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row <user_data_tiles_table> from step 1 a. SELECT zoom_level FROM <user_data_tiles_table> b. If result set not empty i. SELECT MIN(gtmm.zoom_level) AS min_gtmm_zoom, MAX(gtmm.zoom_level) AS max_gtmm_zoom FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> ii. SELECT id FROM <user_data_tiles_table> WHERE zoom_level < min_gtmm_zoom iii. Fail if result set not empty iv. SELECT id FROM <user_data_tiles_table> WHERE zoom_level > max_gtmm_zoom v. Fail if result set not empty vi. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pas and no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.8.1.2 Req 55:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tile_pyramid/data/data_values_tile_column

Test Purpose

Verify that the tile_column column values for each zoom level value in each tile pyramid user data table are within the range of columns defined by rows in the gpkg_tile_matrix table.

Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row <user_data_tiles_table> from step 1 a. SELECT DISTINCT gtmm.zoom_level AS gtmm_zoom, gtmm.matrix_width AS gtmm_width, udt.zoom_level AS udt_zoom, udt.tile_column AS udt_column FROM gpkg_tile_matrix AS gtmm LEFT OUTER JOIN <user_data_tiles_table> AS udt ON udt.zoom_level = gtmm.zoom_level AND gtmm.t_table_name = <user_data_tiles_table> AND (udt_column < 0 OR udt_column > (gtmm_width 1)) b. Fail if any udt_column value in the result set is not NULL c. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.8.1.2 Req 56:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/tiles/tile_pyramid_data/data_values_tile_row

Test Purpose

Verify that the tile_row column values for each zoom level value in each tile pyramid user data table are within the range of rows defined by rows in the gpkg_tile_matrix table.

Test Method

1. SELECT DISTINCT table_name AS <user_data_tiles_table> FROM gpkg_tile_matrix 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row <user_data_tiles_table> from step 1 a. SELECT DISTINCT gtmm.zoom_level AS gtmm_zoom, gtmm.matrix_height AS gtmm_height, udt.zoom_level AS udt_zoom, udt.tile_row AS udt_row FROM gpkg_tile_matrix AS gtmm LEFT OUTER JOIN <user_data_tiles_table> AS udt ON udt.zoom_level = gtmm.zoom_level AND gtmm.t_table_name = ‘<user_data_tiles_table> ' AND (udt_row < 0 OR udt_row > (gtmm_height - 1)) b. Fail if any udt_row value in the result set is not NULL c. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Clause 2.2.8.1.2 Req 57:

Test Type

Capability

A.2.3. Extension Mechanism A.2.3.1. Extensions A.2.3.1.1. Data Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that a gpkg_extensions table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_extensions'

2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned Create TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of Table 36. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.1 Req 58:

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/extension_metchanism/extensions/data/data_values_for_extensions

Test Purpose

Verify that every extension of a GeoPackage is registered in a row in the gpkg_extensions table

Test Method

1. For each SELECT DISTINCT geometry_type_name FROM geometry_columns a. Fail if geometry_type_name IN Annex G Table 43 and gpkg_extensions does not contain a row where extension_name = gpkg_geom_<geometry_type_name> b. Fail if geometry_type_name NOT IN Annex G Table 42 or Table 43 and gpkg_extensions does not contain a row where the extension_name does not begin with “gpkg” and the extension_name ends with “geom<geometry_type_name> 2. For each SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name LIKE ‘rtree_%’ a. Fail if gpkg_extensions does not contain a row where extension_name = “gpkg_rtree_index” 3. For each SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name LIKE ‘fgti_%’ a. Fail if gpkg_extensions does not contain a row where extension_name = “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger” 4. For each SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name LIKE ‘fgsi_%’ a. Fail if gpkg_extensions does not contain a row where extension_name = “gpkg_srs_id_trigger” 5. Do test / reg_ext/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_other_ext_row 6. Do test /reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/webp_ext_row 7. Do test /reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/tiﬀ_ext_row 8. Do test /reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/nitf_ext_row 9. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 59:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/extension_metchanism/extensions/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the table_name column values in the gpkg_extensions table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_extensions 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step one a. Fail if table_name value is NULL and column_name value is not NULL. b. SELECT DISTINCT ge.table_name AS ge_table, sm.tbl_name FROM gpkg_extensions AS ge LEFT OUTER JOIN sqlite_master AS sm ON ge.table_name = sm.tbl_name

c. Log pass if every row ge.table_name = sm.tbl_name (MAY both be NULL). 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 60:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/extension_metchanism/extensions/data/data_values_column_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the column_name column values in the gpkg_extensions table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_extensions 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE table_name IS NOT NULL AND column_name IS NOT NULL 4. Pass if returns an empty result set 5. For each row from step 3 a. PRAGMA table_info(table_name) b. Fail if gpkg_extensions.column_name value does not equal a name column value returned by PRAGMA table_info. c. Log pass otherwise 6. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 61:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/data_values_extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the extension_name column values in the gpkg_extensions table are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_extensions 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row returned from step 1 a. Log pass if extension_name is one of those listed in Annex F. b. Separate extension_name into <author> and <extension> at the first “_” c. Fail if <author> is “gpkg” d. Fail if <author> contains characters other than [a-zA-Z0-9] e. Fail if <extension> contains characters other than [a-zA-Z0-9_] f. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 62:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/data_values_definition

Test Purpose

Verify that the definition column value contains or references extension documentation

Test Method

1. SELECT definition FROM gpkg_extensions 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row returned from step 1 a. Inspect if definition value is not like “Annex %”, or “http%” or mailto:% or “Extension Title%” b. Fail if definition value does not contain or reference extension documentation 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 63:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/data_values_scope

Test Purpose

Verify that the scope column value is “read-write” or “write-only”

Test Method

1. SELECT scope FROM gpkg_extensions 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row returned from step 1 a. Fail is value is not “read-write” or “write-only” 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Clause 2.3.2.1.2 Req 64:

Test Type

Capability

Annex B: Background and Context (Normative) B.1. Background An open standard non-proprietary platform-independent GeoPackage container for distribution and direct use of all kinds of geospatial data will increase the cross-platform interoperability of geospatial applications and web services. Standard APIs for access and management of GeoPackage data will provide consistent query and update results across such applications and services. Increased interoperability and result consistency will enlarge the potential market for such applications and services, particularly in resourceconstrained mobile computing environments like cell phones and tablets. GeoPackages will become the standard containers for "MyGeoData" that are used as a transfer format by users and Geospatial Web Services and a storage format on personal and enterprise devices. This OGC® GeoPackage Encoding Standard defines a GeoPackage as a self-contained, single-file, cross-platform, serverless, transactional, open source SQLite data container with table definitions, relational integrity constraints, an SQL API exposed via a "C" CLI and JDBC, and manifest tables that together act as an exchange and direct-use format for multiple types of geospatial data including vector features, features with raster attributes and tile matrix pyramids, especially on mobile / hand held devices in disconnected or limited network connectivity environments. Table formats, definitions of geometry types and metadata tables, relational integrity constraints, and SQL API are interdependent specification facets of the SF-SQL [9][10][11] and SQL-MM (Spatial) [12] standards that serve as normative references for the vector feature portion of this standard. This standard attempts to support and use relevant raster types, storage table definitions, and metadata from widely adopted implementations and existing standards such as WMTS [16] and ISO metadata [28], to integrate use of rasters as attributes of geospatial features, and to define relational integrity constraints and an SQL API thereon to provide a raster analogy to the SF-SQL and

SF-MM data access and data quality assurance capabilities. Conformance classes for this standard are classified as core (mandatory) and extension (optional). The simple core of an Empty GeoPackage contains two SQL tables. Future versions of this standard may include requirements for elevation data and routes. Future enhancements to this standard, a future GeoPackage Web Service specification, and modifications to existing OGC Web Service (OWS) specifications to use GeoPackages as exchange formats may allow OWS to support provisioning of GeoPackages throughout an enterprise or information community.

B.2. Document terms and definitions This document uses the standard terms defined in Subclause 5.3 of [OGC 06-121], which is based on the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards. In particular, the word "shall" (not "must") is the verb form used to indicate a requirement to be strictly followed to conform to this standard. For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Empty GeoPackage A GeoPackage that contains a gpkg_spatial_ref_sys table, a gpkg_contents table with row record(s) with data_type column values of "features" or "tiles", and corresponding features tables per clause Features and/or tiles tables per clause Tiles where the user data tables per clauses 2.1.6. and 2.2.8 exist but contain no rows. Extended GeoPackage A GeoPackage that contains any additional data elements (tables or columns) or SQL constructs (data types, indexes, constraints or triggers) that are not specified in this encoding standard. geolocate identify a real-world geographic location GeoPackage file a platform-independent SQLite database file that contains GeoPackage data and metadata tables with specified definitions, integrity assertions, format limitations and content constraints. GeoPackage SQLite Configuration consists of the SQLite 3 software library and a set of compile- and runtime configurations options. GeoPackage SQLite Extension a SQLite loadable extension that MAY provide SQL functions to support spatial indexes and SQL triggers linked to a SQLite library with specified configuration requirements to provide SQL API access to a GeoPackage. georectified raster whose pixels have been regularly spaced in a geographic (i.e., latitude / longitude) or projected map coordinate system using ground control points so that any pixel can be geolocated given its grid coordinate and the grid origin, cell spacing, and orientation. orthorectified georectified raster that has also been corrected to remove image perspective (camera angle tilt), camera and lens induced distortions, and terrain induced distortions using camera calibration parameters and DEM elevation data to accurately align with real world coordinates, have constant scale, and support direct measurement of distances, angles, and areas. Valid GeoPackage A GeoPackage that contains features per clause Features and/or tiles per clause Tiles and row(s) in the gpkg_contents table with data_type column values of "features" and/or "tiles" describing the user data tables.

B.3. Conventions Symbols (and abbreviated terms) ACID Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange API Application Program Interface BLOB Binary Large OBject CLI Call-Level Interface COTS Commercial Oﬀ The Shelf DEM Digital Elevation Model GPKG GeoPackage GRD Ground Resolved Distance EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group FK Foreign Key IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IIRS Image Interpretability Rating Scale IRARS Imagery Resolution Assessments and Reporting Standards (Committee) ISO International Organization for Standardization JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity JPEG Joint Photographics Expert Group (image format) MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions NIIRS National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale OGC Open Geospatial Consortium PK

Primary Key PNG Portable Network Graphics (image format) RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System RFC Request For Comments SQL Structured Query Language SRID Spatial Reference (System) Identifier UML Unified Modeling Language UTC Coordinated Universal Time XML eXtensible Markup Language 1D One Dimensional 2D Two Dimensional 3D Three Dimensional

B.4. Submitting Organizations (Informative) The following organizations submitted this Encoding Standard to the Open Geospatial Consortium as a Request For Comment (RFC). Envitia Luciad Sigma Bravo The Carbon Project U.S. Army Geospatial Center U.S. National Geospatial Intelligence Agency

B.5. Document contributor contact points (Informative) All questions regarding this document should be directed to the editor or the contributors: Table 13. Document contributors Name

Organization

Brett Antonides

LNM Solutions

brett.antonides<at>lmnsolutions.com

Kevin Backe

U.S. Army Geospatial Center GASD

Kevin.Backe<at>usace.army.mil

Roger Brackin

Envitia

roger.brackin<at>envitia.com

Scott Clark

LNM Solutions

scott.clark<at>lmnsolutions.com

David Cray

U.S. Army Geospatial Center GASD

David.Cray<at>usace.army.mil

Paul Daisey

Image Matters

pauld<at>imagemattersllc.com

Nathan P. Frantz

U.S. Army Geospatial Center ERDC

Nathan.P.Frantz<at>usace.army.mil

Alessandro Furieri

Spatialite

a.furieri<at>lqt.it

Randy Gladish

Image Matters

randyg<at>imagemattersllc.com

Eric Gundersen

MapBox

eric<at>mapbox.com

Brad Hards

Sigma Bravo

bhards<at>sigmabravo.com

Jeﬀ Harrison

The Carbon Project

jharrison<at>thecarbonproject.com

Chris Holmes

OpenGeo

cholmes<at>9eo.org

Sean Hogan

Compusult

sean<at>compusult.net

Kirk Jensen

Image Matters

kirkj<at>imagemattersllc.com

(chinese chars not

Feng China University

joshua<at>gis.tw

Terry A. Idol

U.S. National Geospatial Intelligence Agency

Terry.A.Idol<at>nga.mil

Drew Kurry

Digital Globe

dkurry<at>digitalglobe.com

Steven Lander

Reinventing Geospatial

steven.lander<at>rgi-corp.com

Tom MacWright

MapBox

tom<at>mapbox.com

Joan Maso Pau

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CREAF)

joan.maso<at>uab.es

Kevin S. Mullane

U.S. Army Geospatial Center GASD

Kevin.S.Mullane<at>usace.army.mil

(chinese chars not

Feng China University

niner<at>gis.tw

Andrea Peri

Regione Toscana Italy

andrea.peri<at>regione.toscana.it

Paul Ramsey

OpenGeo

pramsey<at>opengeo.org

Matthew L. Renner

U.S. Army Geospatial Center ERDC

Matthew.L.Renner<at>usace.army.mil

Even Rouault

Mines-Paris

even.rouault<at>mines-paris.org

Keith Ryden

Environmental Systems Research Institute

kryden<at>esri.com

Scott Simmons

CACI

scsimmons<at>caci.com

Ingo Simonis

International Geospatial Services Institute

ingo.simonis<at>igsi.eu

Raj Singh

Open Geospatial Consortium

rsingh<at>opengeospatial.org

Steve Smyth

Open Site Plan

steve<at>opensiteplan.org

Donald V. Sullivan

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space

donald.v.sullivan<at>nasa.gov

working) Joshua

working) Yi-Min Huang

Administration Christopher Tucker

Mapstory

tucker<at>mapstory.org

Benjamin T. Tuttle

U.S. National Geospatial Intelligence Agency

Benjamin.T.Tuttle<at>nga.mil

Pepijn Van Eeckhoudt

Luciad

pepijn.vaneeckhoudt<at>luciad.com

David G. Wesloh

U.S. National Geospatial Intelligence Agency

David.G.Wesloh<at>nga.mil

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Image Matters

jeﬀy<at>imagemattersllc.com

Eric Zimmerman

U.S. Army Geospatial Center ERDC

Eric.Zimmerman<at>usace.army.mil

B.6. Revision History (Informative) Table 14. Revision History Date

Rel

Editor

Paragraph

Description

modified 2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

1.1.2.1.1

Remove “at a minimum” after “includes” in 2nd paragraph, 1st sentence; conflicts with Clause 1

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.4.1.1

Req 20 42in insert space between 42 and in

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

2.2.8.1.1

Change Table 30 to Table 29

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

2.5.2.1.1

Change access to accesses in 1st paragraph, 2nd sentence

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex A,

inAnnex E insert space between in and Annex

A.3.1.1.1 2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex A,

43without insert space between 43 and without

A.3.1.1.1 2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex B, B.5

Change pepijn.vaneeckhoudt email from gmail to Luciad

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex B, B.5

Change all "@" to “<at>”

2014-07-14

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex C, C.10

Remove UNIQUE from PK constraint

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.1

Add a footnote to "GeometryCollection" description

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.6.1.1

Add new Req 30b

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex A,

Add feature_table_geometry_column_type test

A.2.1.6.1.1 2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.5.1.1

Add “and geometry types” to 1st paragraph 1st sentence

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

1.1.1.1.4

Add footnote to Req 6

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.3.1.1

replace ISO 13249-3 with OGC 06-103r4

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2.1.3.1.1

Correct references in footnote 1: [13] becomes [9] and [16] becomes [12]

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

1.1.1.2.2

Remove “and run” from clause and Req 9

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

1.1.1.2.2

Remove PRAGMA foreign_keys runtime option from Table 2

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex A,

Change step 2 to “Not testable if less than 1”

A.2.2.7.1.1 2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex A,

Remove obsolete provisions (unique, column order, other

A.2.2.6.1.1

columns) from step 3

2.1.6.1.2

Add sentences specifying unit of measure determination for geometry Z and M values.

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

1.1.3.1.1, Table 4

Change description column default value to ‘’

2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex C, C.7,

Remove spurious “)” from tile_data column definition

Table 29 2014-12-12

R11

Paul Daisey

Annex D, D.3,

Correct ISO 8601 timestamp GLOB expressions

Table 39 2015-03-16

R11

Scott Simmons

entire document

Minor format corrections

2015-04-27

R11

Joe Brumley

entire document

Minor format corrections for corrigendum

2015-06-10

R12

Brad Hards

2.2.1

Fix typos

2015-06-17

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

2.2.6.1.1

Clarify role of bounding box in Tile Matrix Set table https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/102 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/102)

2015-06-17

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

2.2.7.1.2

Add new Req 44b https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/102 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/102)

2015-06-24

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

1.1.2.1.2

Clarify Req 11 https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/110 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/110)

2015-08-04

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Figures 4, 5, 6

Correct multiplicity https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/117 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/117)

2015-08-04

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex I

Update Footnote #18 (JFIF) to T.871 https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/104 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/104)

2015-08-25

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Whole document

Remove revision markup https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/135 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/135)

2015-08-25

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex B, B.6

Remove old changes https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/133 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/133)

2015-08-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex B, B.6

Fix casing of minIsInclusive, maxIsInclusive, and description https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/130 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/130)

2015-08-25

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex B, B.6

Clarify rules for case sensitivity for views, triggers, constraints https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/131 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/131)

2015-09-09

R12

Brad Hards

Intro

Fix typos

2015-09-29

R12

Brad Hards

1.1.3.1.1

Fix typos

2015-09-29

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

1.1.3.1.1

User-defined tables do not need to have lowercase column names https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/144 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/144)

2015-10-19

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F, F.4

Fix typos https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/152 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/152)

2015-10-29

R12

Brad Hards

1.1.3.1.1

Fix typos

2015-11-09

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Multiple

Fix typos

2015-11-19

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Multiple

Numerous administrative edits https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/160 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/160)

2015-11-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F, F.9

Define GLOB https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/156 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/156)

2015-11-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F

Collapse all extensions into a single annex https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/132 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/132)

2015-11-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F, F.8, F.9

Demote Metadata and Schema sections to extensions https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/147 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/147)

2015-11-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex E

Update extension template https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/165 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/165)

2015-11-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F, F.10

Create new extension for CRS WKT https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/137 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/137)

2015-12-02

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex A, Annex F

Clean ATS references https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/169 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/169)

2015-12-04

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

2.3.2.1.2

Update rules for listing extensions https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/175 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/175)

2015-12-04

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

All Annexes

Scrub annex references https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/176 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/176)

2015-12-26

R12

Brad Hards

2.3.2.1

Fix typos

2015-12-26

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex F.9

Make "identifier" unique in Table 42, Table 45 https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/183 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/183)

2015-12-28

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

Annex A.1.1.2

Fix column names in ATS tests

2016-01-20

R12

Jeﬀ Yutzler

1.1.1.1.1

Bump version number https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/188 (https://github.com/opengeospatial/geopackage/issues/188)

B.7. Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification The OGC® Abstract Specification does not require changes to accommodate this OGC® standard.

B.8. Changes to OGC® Implementation Standards None at present.

B.9. Potential Future Work (Informative) Future versions of this standard MAY do the following: * investigate GeoPackage implementation on SQLite version 4 [B25]. * include requirements for elevation data and routes. * Future enhancements to this standard, a future GeoPackage Web Service specification and modifications to existing OGC Web Service (OWS) specifications to use GeoPackages as exchange formats MAY allow OWS to support provisioning of GeoPackages throughout an enterprise. * include additional raster / image formats, including fewer restrictions on the image/tiﬀ format. * include additional SQL API routines for interrogation and conversion of raster / image BLOBs. * add infrastructure to the metadata tables such as a temporal_columns table that refers to the time properties of data records. * specify a streaming synchronization protocol for GeoPackage as part of a future GeoPackage Web Service specification, and/or a future version of the GeoPackage and/or Web Synchronization Service specification(s). * address symbology and styling information. * include geographic / geodesic geometry types. * create a GeoPackage Abstract Object Model to support data encodings other than SQL. * add UTFGrid (https://github.com/mapbox/utfgrid-spec) support. Future versions of this standard and/or one for a GeoPackage Web Service MAY do the following: * address utilities for importing and exporting vector, raster and tile data in various formats. * address encryption of GeoPackages and/or individual tables or column values.

B.10. UML Notation The diagrams that appear in this standard are presented using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) [B14] static structure diagrams. The UML notations used in this standard for RDBMS tables in a GeoPackage are described in UML Notation for RDBMS Tables below.

Figure 3. UML Notation for RDBMS Tables In this standard, the following two stereotypes of UML classes are used to represent RDBMS tables: a. <<table>> An instantiation of a UML class as an RDMBS table. b. <<column>> An instantiation of a UML attribute as an RDBMS table column. In this standard, the following standard data types are used for RDBMS columns: a. NULL – The value is a NULL value. b. INTEGER – A signed integer, stored in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 bytes depending on the magnitude of the value c. REAL – The value is a floating point value, stored as an 8-byte IEEE floating point number. d. TEXT – A sequence of characters, stored using the database encoding (UTF-8, UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE). e. BLOB – The value is a blob of data, stored exactly as it was input. f. NONE – The value is a Date / Time Timestamp

B.11. GeoPackage Tables Detailed Diagram

Figure 4. GeoPackage Tables Details

B.12. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Features Diagram

Figure 5. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Features

B.13. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Tiles Diagram

Figure 6. GeoPackage Minimal Tables for Tiles

Annex C: Table Definition SQL (Normative) C.1. gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Table 15. gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_spatial_ref_sys ( srs_name TEXT NOT NULL, srs_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, organization TEXT NOT NULL, organization_coordsys_id INTEGER NOT NULL, definition TEXT NOT NULL, description TEXT ); Table 16. SQL/MM View of gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Definition SQL (Informative)

CREATE VIEW st_spatial_ref_sys AS SELECT srs_name, srs_id, organization, organization_coordsys_id, definition, description FROM gpkg_spatial_ref_sys; Table 17. SF/SQL View of gpkg_spatial_ref_sys Definition SQL (Informative)

CREATE VIEW spatial_ref_sys AS SELECT srs_id AS srid, organization AS auth_name, organization_coordsys_id AS auth_srid, definition AS srtext FROM gpkg_spatial_ref_sys;

C.2. gpkg_contents Table 18. gpkg_contents Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_contents ( table_name TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, data_type TEXT NOT NULL, identifier TEXT UNIQUE, description TEXT DEFAULT '', last_change DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now')), min_x DOUBLE, min_y DOUBLE, max_x DOUBLE, max_y DOUBLE, srs_id INTEGER, CONSTRAINT fk_gc_r_srs_id FOREIGN KEY (srs_id) REFERENCES gpkg_spatial_ref_sys(srs_id) );

C.3. gpkg_geometry_columns Table 19. gpkg_geometry_columns Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_geometry_columns ( table_name TEXT NOT NULL, column_name TEXT NOT NULL, geometry_type_name TEXT NOT NULL, srs_id INTEGER NOT NULL, z TINYINT NOT NULL, m TINYINT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT pk_geom_cols PRIMARY KEY (table_name, column_name), CONSTRAINT uk_gc_table_name UNIQUE (table_name), CONSTRAINT fk_gc_tn FOREIGN KEY (table_name) REFERENCES gpkg_contents(table_name), CONSTRAINT fk_gc_srs FOREIGN KEY (srs_id) REFERENCES gpkg_spatial_ref_sys (srs_id) ); Table 20. SQL/MM View of gpkg_geometry_columns Definition SQL (Informative)

CREATE VIEW st_geometry_columns AS SELECT table_name, column_name, "ST_" || geometry_type_name, g.srs_id, srs_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns as g JOIN gpkg_spatial_ref_sys AS s WHERE g.srs_id = s.srs_id; Table 21. SF/SQL VIEW of gpkg_geometry_columns Definition SQL (Informative)

CREATE VIEW geometry_columns AS SELECT table_name AS f_table_name, column_name AS f_geometry_column, code4name (geometry_type_name) AS geometry_type, 2 + (CASE z WHEN 1 THEN 1 WHEN 2 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) + (CASE m WHEN 1 THEN 1 WHEN 2 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS coord_dimension, srs_id AS srid FROM gpkg_geometry_columns;

Implementer must provide code4name(geometry_type_name) SQL function

C.4. sample_feature_table (Informative) Table 22. sample_feature_table Table Definition SQL (Informative)

CREATE TABLE sample_feature_table ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, geometry GEOMETRY, text_attribute TEXT, real_attribute REAL, boolean_attribute BOOLEAN, raster_or_photo BLOB );

C.5. gpkg_tile_matrix_set Table 23. gpkg_tile_matrix_set Table Creation SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_tile_matrix_set ( table_name TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, srs_id INTEGER NOT NULL, min_x DOUBLE NOT NULL, min_y DOUBLE NOT NULL, max_x DOUBLE NOT NULL, max_y DOUBLE NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT fk_gtms_table_name FOREIGN KEY (table_name) REFERENCES gpkg_contents(table_name), CONSTRAINT fk_gtms_srs FOREIGN KEY (srs_id) REFERENCES gpkg_spatial_ref_sys (srs_id) );

C.6. gpkg_tile_matrix Table 24. gpkg_tile_matrix Table Creation SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_tile_matrix ( table_name TEXT NOT NULL, zoom_level INTEGER NOT NULL, matrix_width INTEGER NOT NULL, matrix_height INTEGER NOT NULL, tile_width INTEGER NOT NULL, tile_height INTEGER NOT NULL, pixel_x_size DOUBLE NOT NULL, pixel_y_size DOUBLE NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT pk_ttm PRIMARY KEY (table_name, zoom_level), CONSTRAINT fk_tmm_table_name FOREIGN KEY (table_name) REFERENCES gpkg_contents(table_name) ); Table 25. EXAMPLE: gpkg_tile_matrix Insert Statement (Informative)

INSERT INTO gpkg_tile_matrix VALUES ( "sample_tile_pyramid", 0, 1, 1, 512, 512, 2.0, 2.0 );

C.7. sample_tile_pyramid (Informative) Table 26. EXAMPLE: tiles table Create Table SQL (Informative)

CREATE TABLE sample_tile_pyramid ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, zoom_level INTEGER NOT NULL, tile_column INTEGER NOT NULL, tile_row INTEGER NOT NULL, tile_data BLOB NOT NULL, UNIQUE (zoom_level, tile_column, tile_row) ) Table 27. EXAMPLE: tiles table Insert Statement (Informative)

INSERT INTO sample_matrix_pyramid VALUES ( 1, 1, 1, 1, "BLOB VALUE" )

C.8. gpkg_extensions Table 28. gpkg_extensions Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_extensions ( table_name TEXT, column_name TEXT, extension_name TEXT NOT NULL, definition TEXT NOT NULL, scope TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT ge_tce UNIQUE (table_name, column_name, extension_name) );

Annex D: Trigger Definition SQL (Informative) D.1. gpkg_tile_matrix Table 29. gpkg_tile_matrix Trigger Definition SQL

CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_zoom_level_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: zoom_level cannot be less than 0') WHERE (NEW.zoom_level < 0); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_zoom_level_update' BEFORE UPDATE of zoom_level ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: zoom_level cannot be less than 0') WHERE (NEW.zoom_level < 0); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_matrix_width_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: matrix_width cannot be less than 1') WHERE (NEW.matrix_width < 1); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_matrix_width_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF matrix_width ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: matrix_width cannot be less than 1') WHERE (NEW.matrix_width < 1); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_matrix_height_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: matrix_height cannot be less than 1') WHERE (NEW.matrix_height < 1); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_matrix_height_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF matrix_height ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: matrix_height cannot be less than 1') WHERE (NEW.matrix_height < 1);

END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_pixel_x_size_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: pixel_x_size must be greater than 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.pixel_x_size > 0); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_pixel_x_size_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF pixel_x_size ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: pixel_x_size must be greater than 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.pixel_x_size > 0); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_pixel_y_size_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: pixel_y_size must be greater than 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.pixel_y_size > 0); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_tile_matrix_pixel_y_size_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF pixel_y_size ON 'gpkg_tile_matrix' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''gpkg_tile_matrix'' violates constraint: pixel_y_size must be greater than 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.pixel_y_size > 0); END

D.2. sample_feature_table Table 30. EXAMPLE: features table Trigger Definition SQL

CREATE TRIGGER "sample_feature_table_real_insert" BEFORE INSERT ON "sample_feature_table" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_feature_table'' violates constraint: real_attribute must be greater than 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.real_attribute > 0); END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_feature_table_real_update" BEFORE UPDATE OF "real_attribute" ON "sample_feature_table" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE (ABORT, 'update of ''real_attribute'' on table ''sample_feature_table'' violates constraint: real_attribute value must be > 0') WHERE NOT (NEW.real_attribute > 0); END where <t> and <c> are replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being inserted or updated.

D.3. sample_tile_pyramid Table 31. tiles table Trigger Definition SQL

CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_zoom_insert" BEFORE INSERT ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: zoom_level not specified for table in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.zoom_level IN (SELECT zoom_level FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid')) ; END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_zoom_update" BEFORE UPDATE OF zoom_level ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: zoom_level not specified for table in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.zoom_level IN (SELECT zoom_level FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid')) ; END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_tile_column_insert" BEFORE INSERT ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_column cannot be < 0') WHERE (NEW.tile_column < 0) ; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_column must by < matrix_width specified for table and zoom level in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.tile_column < (SELECT matrix_width FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid' AND zoom_level = NEW.zoom_level)); END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_tile_column_update" BEFORE UPDATE OF tile_column ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_column cannot be < 0') WHERE (NEW.tile_column < 0) ; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_column must by < matrix_width specified for table and zoom level in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.tile_column < (SELECT matrix_width FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid' AND zoom_level = NEW.zoom_level)); END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_tile_row_insert" BEFORE INSERT ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_row cannot be < 0') WHERE (NEW.tile_row < 0) ; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_row must by < matrix_height specified for table and zoom level in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.tile_row < (SELECT matrix_height FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid' AND zoom_level = NEW.zoom_level)); END CREATE TRIGGER "sample_tile_pyramid_tile_row_update" BEFORE UPDATE OF tile_row ON "sample_tile_pyramid" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_row cannot be < 0') WHERE (NEW.tile_row < 0) ; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table ''sample_tile_pyramid'' violates constraint: tile_row must by < matrix_height specified for table and zoom level in gpkg_tile_matrix') WHERE NOT (NEW.tile_row < (SELECT matrix_height FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = 'sample_tile_pyramid' AND zoom_level = NEW.zoom_level)); END

Annex E: GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative) Extension Title Title of the Extension

Introduction Description of extension

Extension Author Author of extension, author_name.

Extension Name or Template Name of the extension or definition of the template to create the name of extensions that should be used in gpkg_extensions

Extension Type "Extension of Existing Requirement in Clause(s) XXX" or "New Requirement Dependent on Clause(s) YYY"

Applicability Tables and/or columns on which this extension may be applied

Scope Read-write or write-only with clarification if necessary

Requirements Definition of extension and interdependencies with other extensions if any.

GeoPackage Definition of extension data or MIME type(s) Definition of extension tables or table templates Definition of triggers or trigger templates

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration Definition of SQLite configuration settings Setting compile or runtime

Option

Shall / Not (Value)

Discussion

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Definition of SQL functions SQL Function

Description

foo(bar, baz) : datatype

Returns r when w

Abstract Test Suite All test cases required to verify conformance to this extension.

Examples (Informative) Any example or samples demonstrating the extension in use.

Use

Annex F: Registered Extensions (Normative) This clause specifies requirements for GeoPackage extensions. Definitions of those extensions are in the form specified by the template in GeoPackage Extension Template (Informative). Extension Name

Content Type

GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types

features

User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding

features

RTree Spatial Indexes

features

Geometry Type Triggers

features

Geometry SRS ID Triggers

features

Zoom Other Intervals

tiles

Tiles Encoding WebP

tiles

Metadata

general

Schema

features

WKT for Coordinate Reference Systems

spatial reference systems

F.1. GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types Introduction This extension of clause SQL Geometry Types defines additional geometry types. Clause 2.1.4 of the GeoPackage Version 1 Encoding Standard specifies support for the Geometry, Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon, and GeomCollection geometry types in the GeoPackageBinary geometry encoding format specified in clause 2.1.3. This extension specifies support for the additional CircularString, CompoundCurve, CurvePolygon, MultiCurve, MultiSurface, Curve, and Surface geometry types in the GeoPackage Binary geometry encoding format using the codes from Geometry Type Codes (Extension).

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg

Extension Name or Template Extension names are constructed from the gpkg_geom_<gname> template where <gname> is the uppercase name of the extension geometry type from Geometry Type Codes (Extension).

Extension Type Extension of Existing Requirement in clause SQL Geometry Types

Applicability This extension applies to any column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Scope Read-write

Requirements GeoPackage Requirement 65

A GeoPackage MAY store feature table geometries with the extended non-linear geometry types (CircularString, CompoundCurve, CurvePolygon, MultiCurve, MultiSurface, Curve, Surface) in Geometry Types (Normative).

Requirement 66 The GeoPackageBinary geometry encoding format specified in clause Geometry Encoding SHALL be used to encode non-linear geometry types using the type codes in Geometry Types (Normative) table Geometry Type Codes (Extension).

Requirement 67 An extension name to specify a feature geometry extension type SHALL be defined for the “gpkg” author name using the “gpkg_geom_<gname>” template where <gname> is the uppercase name of the extension geometry type from Geometry Types (Normative) used in a GeoPackage.

Requirement 68 A GeoPackage that contains a gpkg_geometry_columns table or updateable view with row records that specify extension geometry_type_name column values SHALL contain a gpkg_extensions table that contains row records with table_name and column_name values from the gpkg_geometry_columns row records that identify extension type uses, and extension_name column values for each of those geometry types constructed per the previous requirement Requirement 67.

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Requirement 69 SQL functions that operate on GeoPackageBinary geometries as specified in other extensions SHALL operate correctly on the non-linear geometries specified in this extension.

Abstract Test Suite GeoPackage Extension Types Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/geopackage_extension_types/existing_sparse_data

Test Purpose

Verify that existing extended non-linear geometry types are stored in valid StandardGeoPackageBinary format encodings.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name AS tn, column_name AS cn FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘features’), 4. Fail if returns an empty result set 5. For each row from step 3 a. SELECT cn FROM tn; b. For each row from step a, log fail if GeoPackageBinary “X” type flag is 1 c. For each row from step a, if bytes 2-5 of cn.wkb as uint32 in endianness of gc.wkb byte 1of cn from #1 are a geometry type value from Annex G Table 43, then d. Log cn.header values, wkb endianness and geometry type ii. If cn.wkb is not correctly encoded per ISO 13249-3 clause 5.1.46 then log fail iii. If cn.flags.E is 1 - 4 and some cn.wkbx is outside of cn.envelope.minx,maxx then log fail iv. If cn.flags.E is 1 - 4 and some gc.wkby is outside of cn.envelope.miny,maxy then log fail e. If cn.flags.E is 2,4 and some gc.wkb.z is outside of cnenvelope.minz,maxz then log fail vi. If cn.flags.E is 3,4 and some gc.wkb.m is outside of cn.envelope.minm,maxm then log fail vii. If cn.flags.E is 5-7 then log fail viii. Otherwise log pass

6. Log pass if log contains pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.1 Req 65:

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/geopackage_extension_types/all_types_test_data

Test Purpose

Verify that all extended non-linear geometry types and options are stored in valid GeoPackageBinary format encodings.

Test Method

1. Open GeoPackage that has feature geometry values of geometry type in Annex G, for an assortment of srs_ids, for an assortment of coordinate values, without and with z and / or m values, in both big and little endian encodings: 2. /reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/extension_types_existing_sparse_data 3. Pass if log contains pass record for big and little endian GP headers containing big and little endian WKBs for 0-1 envelope contents indicator codes for every geometry type value from Annex G without and with z and/or m values. 4. Fail otherwise

Reference

Annex F.1 Req 66:

Test Type

Capability

Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/geopackage_extension_types/extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that an extension name in the form gpkg_geom_<gname> is defined for each <gname> extension geometry type from Annex G used in a GeoPackage.

Test Method

Reference

Annex F.1 Req 67:

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/geopackage_extension_types/extension_row

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_extensions table contains a row with an extension_name in the form gpkg_geom_<gname> for each table_name and column_name in the gpkg_geometry_columns table with a <gname> geometry_type_name.

Test Method

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/extension_name

Reference

Annex F.1 Req 68:

Test Type

Capability

F.2. User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding Introduction This extension of clauses Geometry Encoding, SQL Geometry Types and GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types enables encoding of additional user-defined geometry types in ExtendedGeoPackageBinary format in an Extended GeoPackage. This extension specifies a standard way to implement user defined extensions of the GeoPackageBinary geometry encoding format to encode geometry types not specified in clauses SQL Geometry Types and GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types and listed in Geometry Types (Normative). It is intended to be a bridge to enable use of geometry types like EllipiticalCurve in Extended GeoPackages until standard encodings of such types are developed and published for the Well Known Binary (WKB) format.

Extension Author Name of implementer, author_name NOT gpkg .

Extension Name or Template Extension names are constructed from the <author_name>_geom_<gname> template where <gname> is the uppercase name of an extension geometry type NOT in Geometry Types (Normative).

Extension Type Extension of Existing Requirement in clauses Geometry Encoding, SQL Geometry Types and [extension+_geometry_types].

Applicability This extension applies to any column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Scope Read-write

Requirements This extension specifies use of an ExtendedGeoPackageBinary encoding format for geometry types not listed in Geometry Types (Normative), and use of the extension name in uppercase for the geometry_type_name column value in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

GeoPackage Requirement 70 The ExtendedGeoPackageBinary format SHALL be used to encode geometry types other than those specified in clauses SQL Geometry Types and GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types and listed in Geometry Types (Normative). One of the reserved bits in the GeoPackageBinary header is used to indicate the presence of the ExtendedGeopackageBinary encoding format. In the extension case a four byte sequence follows the GPB header to disambiguate various extensions. This extension_code SHOULD identify the implementer of the extension and/or the particular geometry type extension, and SHOULD be unique. The actual extension geometry body is not specified, but SHALL be described in the extension document.

ExtendedGeoPackageBinary { GeoPackageBinaryHeader header; byte[4] extension_code; byte[] extension_specific; }

1 2 3

The X bit in the header flags field must be set to 1.

To indicate diﬀerent extensions or vendors. 0x47504B47 (GPKG in ASCII) is reserved.

Extension specific contents

Requirement 71 An extension name to specify a feature geometry extension type encoded in the ExtendedGeoPackageBinary format SHALL be defined for an author name that is NOT “gpkg” using the “<author_name>_geom_<gname> template where <gname> is the uppercase name of an extension geometry type NOT listed in Geometry Types (Normative) used in a GeoPackage.

Requirement 72 An Extended GeoPackage that contains a gpkg_geometry_columns table or updateable view with row records that specify extension geometry_type_name column values other than those specified in clauses SQL Geometry Types and [extenstion_geometry_types] and listed in Geometry Types (Normative) SHALL contain a gpkg_extensions table that contains row records with table_name and column_name values from the gpkg_geometry_columns row records that identify extension type uses, and extension_name column values for each of those geometry type constructed per clause 3.1.2.1.2.

Requirement 73 The geometry_type_name value in a gpkg_geometry_columns row SHALL be the Requirement 71 extension name in uppercase.

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Requirement 74 SQL functions that operate on GeoPackageBinary geometries as specified in other extensions SHALL operate correctly on userdefined geometry types encoded in the ExtendedGeopackageBinary format as specified in this extension.

Abstract Test Suite Extensions Encoding Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/user_defined-geometry_types/existing_sparse_data

Test Purpose

Verify that existing extended geometry types not listed in Annex G are stored in valid ExtendedGeoPackageBinary format encodings.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name AS tn, column_name AS cn FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE geometry_type_name NOT IN (all geometry types listed in Annex G) AND table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = ‘features’), 4. Fail if returns an empty result set 5. For each row from step 3 a. SELECT cn FROM tn; b. For each row from step a, i. log fail if GeoPackageBinary “X” type flag is 0

ii. Otherwise log pass 6. Log pass if log contains pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.2 Req 70

Test Type

Capability

Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/user_defined_geometry_types/extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that an extension name in the form <author>_geom_<gname> is defined for each extended geometry type not listed in Annex G used in a GeoPackage.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type == 'features')) 2. Not testable if result set is empty 3. For each row result set table_name, column_name from step 3 a. SELECT result_set_column_name FROM result_set_table_name b. For each geometry column value from step a i. If the first two bytes of each geometry column value are “GP”, then A. /opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/table_def B. Fail if failed C. SELECT ST_GeometryType(geometry column value) AS <gtype>; D. SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_extensions WERE table_name = result_set_table_name AND column_name = result_set_column_name AND extension_name NOT LIKE ‘gpkg_%’ and extension_name LIKE '%geom' || <gtype> I. Fail if result set is empty II. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.2 Req 71

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/user_defined_geometry_types/extension_row

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_extensions table contains a row with an extension_name in the form <author>_geom_<gname> for each table_name and column_name in the gpkg_geometry_columns table with a <gname> geometry_type_name.

Test Method

Do test /reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/extension_encoding/extension_name

Reference

Annex F.2 Req 72

Test Type

Capability

Geometry Columns Row Test Case ID Test Purpose

/reg_ext/features/geometry_encoding/data/user_defined_geometry_types/geometry_columns_row

Verify that the gpkg_geometry_columns table contains a row with a geometry_type_name in the form <author>_geom_<gname> for each feature table that contains user-defined geometry types specified in the gpkg_extensions table. Test Method

1. SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE extension_name LIKE ‘%geom%’ AND extension_name NOT LIKE ‘gpkg_geom_%’ 2. FOR EACH extension_name from #1 a. SELECT * FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE geometry_type_name = extension_name b. Fail if returns an empty result set 3. Pass if no fails.

Reference

Annex F.2 Req 73

Test Type

Capability

F.3. RTree Spatial Indexes Introduction This extension adds a new capability for spatially indexing columns with geometries encoded per clause Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. The RTree index extension provides a means to encode an RTree index for geometry values in a GeoPackage. An RTree index provides a significant performance advantage for searches with basic envelope spatial criteria that return subsets of the rows in a feature table with a non-trivial number (thousands or more) of rows. Spatial indexes provide a significant performance advantage for searches with basic envelope spatial criteria that return subsets of the rows in a feature table with a non-trivial number (thousands or more) of rows.[24]

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg .

Extension Name or Template gpkg_rtree_index

Extension Type New Requirement dependent on clauses Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding.

Applicability This extension applies to any column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Scope Write-only, because it does not change the result of reads, although it may improve their performance.

Requirements This extension uses the rtree implementation provided by the SQLite R*Tree Module extension documented at http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html (http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html).

GeoPackage Requirement 75 The “gpkg_rtree_index” extension name SHALL be used as a gpkg_extensions table extension name column value to specify implementation of spatial indexes on a geometry column.

Requirement 76

A GeoPackage that implements spatial indexes SHALL have a gpkg_extensions table that contains a row for each spatially indexed column with extension_name “gpkg_rtree_index”, the table_name of the table with a spatially indexed column, and the column_name of the spatially indexed column.

Requirement 77 A GeoPackage SHALL implement spatial indexes on feature table geometry columns using the SQLite Virtual Table RTrees and triggers specified below. The tables below contain SQL templates with variables. Replace the following template variables with the specified values to create the required SQL statements: <t>: The name of the feature table containing the geometry column <c>: The name of the geometry column in <t> that is being indexed : The name of the integer primary key column in <t> as specified in Requirement 29 Create Virtual Table RTree spatial indexes on geometry columns SHALL be created using the SQLite Virtual Table RTree extension. An application that creates a spatial index SHALL create it using the following SQL statement template:

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rtree_<t>_<c> USING rtree(id, minx, maxx, miny, maxy) where <t> and <c> are replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being indexed. The rtree function id parameter becomes the virtual table 64-bit signed integer primary key id column, and the min/max x/y parameters are min- and maxvalue pairs (stored as 32-bit floating point numbers) for each dimension that become the virtual table data columns that are populated to create the spatial rtree index. Load Spatial Index Values The indexes provided by the SQLite Virtual Table RTree extension are not automatic indices. This means the index data structure needs to be manually populated, updated and queried. Each newly created spatial index SHALL be populated using the following SQL statement

INSERT OR REPLACE INTO rtree_<t>_<c> SELECT , st_minx(<c>), st_maxx(<c>), st_miny(<c>), st_maxy(<c>) FROM <t>; where <t> and <c> are replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being indexed and is replaced with the name of the feature table integer primary key column. Define Triggers to Maintain Spatial Index Values For each spatial index in a GeoPackage, corresponding insert, update and delete triggers that update the spatial index SHALL be present on the indexed geometry column. These spatial index triggers SHALL be defined as follows:

/* Conditions: Insertion of non-empty geometry Actions : Insert record into rtree */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_insert AFTER INSERT ON <t> WHEN (new.<c> NOT NULL AND NOT ST_IsEmpty(NEW.<c>)) BEGIN INSERT OR REPLACE INTO rtree_<t>_<c> VALUES ( NEW., ST_MinX(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxX(NEW.<c>), ST_MinY(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxY(NEW.<c>) ); END; /* Conditions: Update of geometry column to non-empty geometry No row ID change Actions : Update record in rtree */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_update1 AFTER UPDATE OF <c> ON <t> WHEN OLD. = NEW. AND (NEW.<c> NOTNULL AND NOT ST_IsEmpty(NEW.<c>)) BEGIN INSERT OR REPLACE INTO rtree_<t>_<c> VALUES ( NEW.,

ST_MinX(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxX(NEW.<c>), ST_MinY(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxY(NEW.<c>) ); END; /* Conditions: Update of geometry column to empty geometry No row ID change Actions : Remove record from rtree */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_update2 AFTER UPDATE OF <c> ON <t> WHEN OLD. = NEW. AND (NEW.<c> ISNULL OR ST_IsEmpty(NEW.<c>)) BEGIN DELETE FROM rtree_<t>_<c> WHERE id = OLD.; END; /* Conditions: Update of any column Row ID change Non-empty geometry Actions : Remove record from rtree for old Insert record into rtree for new */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_update3 AFTER UPDATE OF <c> ON <t> WHEN OLD. != NEW. AND (NEW.<c> NOTNULL AND NOT ST_IsEmpty(NEW.<c>)) BEGIN DELETE FROM rtree_<t>_<c> WHERE id = OLD.; INSERT OR REPLACE INTO rtree_<t>_<c> VALUES ( NEW., ST_MinX(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxX(NEW.<c>), ST_MinY(NEW.<c>), ST_MaxY(NEW.<c>) ); END; /* Conditions: Update of any column Row ID change Empty geometry Actions : Remove record from rtree for old and new */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_update4 AFTER UPDATE ON <t> WHEN OLD. != NEW. AND (NEW.<c> ISNULL OR ST_IsEmpty(NEW.<c>)) BEGIN DELETE FROM rtree_<t>_<c> WHERE id IN (OLD., NEW.); END; /* Conditions: Row deleted Actions : Remove record from rtree for old */ CREATE TRIGGER rtree_<t>_<c>_delete AFTER DELETE ON <t> WHEN old.<c> NOT NULL BEGIN DELETE FROM rtree_<t>_<c> WHERE id = OLD.; END; where <t> and <c> are replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being indexed and is replaced with the name of the feature table integer primary key column.

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration Definition of SQLite configuration settings Setting compile or

Option

runtime

Shall / Not

Discussion

(Value)

compile

SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE

Shall

compile

SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY

Not

RTrees ares used for GeoPackage Spatial Indexes

RTrees with floating point values are used for

GeoPackage spatial indexes

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Definition of SQL functions SQL Function

Description

Use

ST_IsEmpty(geom

Returns 1 if geometry value is empty, 0 if not empty,

Test if a geometry value corresponds to the

Geometry): integer

NULL if geometry value is NULL

empty set

ST_MinX(geom

Returns the minimum X value of the bounding envelope

Update the spatial index on a geometry

Geometry): real

of a geometry

column in a feature table

ST_MaxX(geom

Returns the maximum Y value of the bounding envelope

Update the spatial index on a geometry

Geometry): real

of a geometry

column in a feature table

ST_MinY(geom

Returns the minimum X value of the bounding envelope

Update the spatial index on a geometry

Geometry): real

of a geometry

column in a feature table

ST_MaxY(geom

Returns the maximum Y value of the bounding envelope

Update the spatial index on a geometry

Geometry): real

of a geometry

column in a feature table

Requirement 78 The SQL functions on geometries in this SQLite Extension SHALL operate correctly on extended geometry types specified by User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding and/or GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types when those extensions are also implemented.

Abstract Test Suite Implementation Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/spatial_indexes/implementation

Test Purpose

Verify the correct implementation of spatial indexes on feature table geometry columns.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name, column_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE table_name IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type == ‘features')) 2. Not testable if result set is empty 3. For each row table_name, column_name from step 1 a. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = ‘rtree_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name b. Not testable if result set is empty c. Fail if returned sql != ‘CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rtree_’ ’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name || USING rtree(id, minx, maxx, miny, maxy) d. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND tname = ‘rtree_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name || ‘_insert’ e. Fail if returned sql != result of populating insert triggers template using result_set_table_name for <t> and result_set_column_name for <c> f. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND name LIKE ‘rtree_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name || ‘_update%’ g. Fail if returned sql != result of populating 4 update triggers templates using result_set_table_name for <t> and result_set_column_name for <c> h. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=’trigger’ AND name = ‘rtree_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name || ‘_delete’

i. Fail if returned sql != result of populating delete trigger template using result_set_table_name for <t> and result_set_column_name for <c> j. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.3 Req 75

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/spatial_indexes/implementation/sql_functions

Test Purpose

Verify the correct implementation of sql functions used in spatial indexes on feature table geometry columns.

Test Method

1. Open Geometry Test Data Set GeoPackage with GeoPackage SQLite Extension 2. For each Geometry Test Data Set <gtype_test> data table row for each geometry type in Annex G, for an assortment of srs_ids, for an assortment of coordinate values including empty geometries, without and with z and / or m values, in both big and little endian encodings: a. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_IsEmpty(geom.) != empty b. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_MinX(geom) != minx c. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_MaxX(geom) != maxx d. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_MinY(geom) != miny e. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_MaxY(geom) != maxy .. 3. Pass if no ‘Fail’ selected from step 2

Reference

Annex F.3 Req 76

Test Type

Capability

Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/spatial_indexes/extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the “gpkg_rtree_index” extension name is used to register spatial index extensions.

Test Method

Reference

Annex F.3 Req 77

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/spatial_indexes/extension_row

Test Purpose

Verify that spatial index extensions are registered using the “gpkg_rtree_index” name in the gpkg_extensions table.

Test Method

/reg_ext/features/spatial_indexes/extension_name

Reference

Annex F.3 Req 78

Test Type

Capability

F.4. Geometry Type Triggers Introduction This extension adds a new geometry type triggers capability for columns with geometries encoded per clause Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. Geometry type triggers prevent the storage of geometries of types that are not assignable from the geometry types specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table in the geometry columns of the specified tables.

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg .

Extension Name or Template gpkg_geometry_type_trigger

Extension Type New Requirement dependent on clauses Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding.

Applicability This extension applies to any column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Scope Write-only

Requirements GeoPackage Requirement 79 The “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger” extension name SHALL be used as a gpkg_extensions table extension name column value to specify implementation of geometry type triggers.

Requirement 80 A GeoPackage that implements geometry type triggers on geometry columns SHALL contain a gpkg_extensions table that contains a row for each such geometry column with extension_name “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger”, table_name of the feature table with a geometry column, and column_name of the geometry column.

Requirement 81 A GeoPackage SHALL include the SQL insert and update triggers specified in Geometry Type Triggers on every geometry column to enforce the geometry type values specified for those columns in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

The <t> and <c> template parameters in the geometry type trigger definition SQL template in the table below are to be replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being inserted or updated.

CREATE TRIGGER fgti_<t>_<c> BEFORE INSERT ON '<t>' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE (ABORT, 'insert on <t> violates constraint: ST_GeometryType(<c>) is not assignable from gpkg_geometry_columns.geometry_type_name value') WHERE (SELECT geometry_type_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE Lower(table_name) = Lower('<t>') AND Lower(column_name) = Lower('<c>') AND gpkg_IsAssignable(geometry_type_name, ST_GeometryType(NEW.<c>)) = 0); END CREATE TRIGGER fgtu_<t>_<c> BEFORE UPDATE OF '<c>' ON '<t>' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE (ABORT, 'update of <c> on <t> violates constraint: ST_GeometryType(<c>) is not assignable from gpkg_geometry_columns.geometry_type_name value') WHERE (SELECT geometry_type_name FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE Lower(table_name) = Lower('<t>') AND Lower(column_name) = Lower('<c>') AND gpkg_IsAssignable(geometry_type_name, ST_GeometryType(NEW.<c>)) = 0); END

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Definition of SQL functions SQL Function

Description

Use

ST_GeometryType(geom. Geometry) :

Returns the WKB geometry type

Check that the geometry type matches what’s

TEXT

name of a Geometry

specified in gpkg_geometry_columns.geometry_type_name

GPKG_IsAssignable(expected_type_name

Returns 1 if a value of type

Determine if the expected geometry type is the

TEXT, actual_type_name TEXT): INTEGER

expected_type_name is the same or

same as or a super type of the actual geometry

a super type of type

type.

actual_type_name. Returns 0 otherwise.

Requirement 82 The SQL functions on geometries in this SQLite Extension SHALL operate correctly on extended geometry types specified by User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding and/or GeoPackage Non-Linear Geometry Types when those extensions are also implemented.

Abstract Test Suite Implementation Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_type_triggers/implementation

Test Purpose

Verify that user feature data table geometry type triggers are implemented correctly.

Test Method

a. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND tbl_name = ‘fgti_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name b. Not testable if returns an empty result set c. Fail if sql != result of populating the first trigger template with <t> as result_set_table_name and <c> as result_set_column_name d. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND tbl_name = ‘fgtu_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name e. Fail if sql != result of populating the second trigger template with <t> as result_set_table_name and <c> as result_set_column_name f. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.4 Req 79

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_type_triggers/implementation/sql_functions

Test Purpose

Verify the correct implementation of sql functions used in geometry type triggers on feature table geometry columns.

Test Method

1. Open Geometry Test Data Set GeoPackage with GeoPackage SQLite Extension 2. For each Geometry Test Data Set <gtype_test> data table row for each assignable (gtype, atype) and nonassignable (ntype, atype) combination of geometry type in Annex G, for an assortment of srs_ids, for an assortment of coordinate values, without and with z and / or m values, in both big and little endian encodings: a. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE GPKG_IsAssignable(gtype, atype) =0 b. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE GPKG_IsAssignable(ntype, atype) = 1 c. SELECT ‘Fail’ FROM <gtype_test> WHERE ST_GeometryType(geom) != atype 3. Pass if no ‘Fail’ selected from step 2

Reference

Annex F.4 Req 80

Test Type

Capability

Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_type_triggers/extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger” extension name is used to register geometry type triggers.

Test Method

column_name = result_set_column_name f. Log pass if result is “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger” g. Fail otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.4 Req 81

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/geometry_type_triggers/extension_row

Test Purpose

Verify that geometry type triggers are registered using the “gpkg_geometry_type_trigger” extension name.

Test Method

Do test /reg_ext/features/geometry_type_triggers/extension_name

Reference

Annex F.4 Req 82

Test Type

Capability

F.5. Geometry SRS ID Triggers Introduction This extension adds a new srs_id triggers capability for columns with geometries encoded per clause Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding. Geometry SRS_ID triggers prevent the storage of geometries with spatial reference system identifiers that are not specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table in the geometry columns of the specified tables.

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg .

Extension Name or Template gpkg_srs_id_trigger

Extension Type New Requirement dependent on clauses Geometry Encoding and User Defined Geometry Types Extension of GeoPackageBinary Geometry Encoding.

Applicability This extension applies to any column specified in the gpkg_geometry_columns table.

Scope Write-only

Requirements GeoPackage Requirement 83 The “gpkg_srs_id_trigger” extension name SHALL be used as a gpkg_extensions table extension name column value to specify implementation of SRS_ID triggers specified in Geometry SRS ID Triggers.

Requirement 84

A GeoPackage that implements srs_id triggers on feature table geometry columns SHALL contain a gpkg_extensions table that contains a row for each geometry column with extension_name “gpkg_srs_id_trigger”, table_name of the feature table with a geometry column, and column_name of the geometry column.

Requirement 85 A GeoPackage SHALL include the SQL insert and update triggers specified in Geometry SRS ID Triggers on every geometry column to enforce the srs_id values specified for those columns in the gpkg_geometry_columns table. The <t> and <c> template parameters in the SRS_ID trigger definition SQL template in the table below are to be replaced with the names of the feature table and geometry column being inserted or updated

CREATE TRIGGER fgsi_<t> _<c> BEFORE INSERT ON '<t>' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE (ABORT, 'insert on <t>violates constraint: ST_SRID(<c>) does not match gpkg_geometry_columns.srs_id value') WHERE (SELECT srs_id FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE Lower(table_name) = Lower('<t>') AND Lower(column_name) = Lower('<c>') AND ST_SRID(NEW.'<c>') <> srs_id) ; END CREATE TRIGGER fgsu_<t>_<c> BEFORE UPDATE OF '<c>' ON '<t>' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE (ABORT, 'update of <c> on <t> violates constraint: ST_SRID(<c>) does not match gpkg_geometry_columns.srs_id value') WHERE (SELECT srs_id FROM gpkg_geometry_columns WHERE Lower(table_name) = Lower('<t>') AND Lower(column_name) = Lower('<c>') AND ST_SRID(NEW.'<c>') <> srs_id); END

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension Definition of SQL functions SQL Function

Description

Use

ST_SRID(geom.

Returns the spatial reference system

Check that geometry srid matches what’s specified in

Geometry) : INTEGER

id of a Geometry

gpkg_geometry_columns.srid

Requirement 86 The SQL function on geometries in this SQLite Extension SHALL operate correctly on extended geometry types specified by Annex F.1 and/or Annex F.2 when those extensions are also implemented.

Abstract Test Suite Implementation Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/srs_id_triggers/implementation

Test Purpose

Verify that user feature data table srs_id triggers are implemented correctly.

Test Method

a. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND tbl_name = ‘fgsi_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name b. Not testable if result set is empty c. Fail if sql != result of populating the first trigger template with <t> as result_set_table_name and <c> as result_set_column_name d. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ‘trigger’ AND tbl_name = ‘fgsu_’ || result_set_table_name || ‘_’ || result_set_column_name e. Fail if sql != result of populating the second trigger template with <t> as result_set_table_name and <c> as result_set_column_name f. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.5 Req 83

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/srs_id_triggers/implementation/sql_functions

Test Purpose

Verify the correct implementation of sql functions used in srs_id triggers on feature table geometry columns.

Test Method

Reference

Annex F.5 Req 84

Test Type

Capability

Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/srs_id_triggers/extension_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the “gpkg_srs_id_trigger” extension name is used to register srs_id triggers.

Test Method

Reference

Annex F.5 Req 85

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/features/srs_id_triggers/extension_row

Test Purpose

Verify that srs_id triggers are registered using the “gpkg_srs_id_trigger” extension name.

Test Method

Do test /reg_ext/features/srs_id_triggers/extension_name

Reference

Annex F.5 Req 86

Test Type

Capability

F.6. Zoom Other Intervals Introduction This extension of clause Zoom Levels allows zoom level intervals other than a factor of two. In a GeoPackage, zoom levels are integers in sequence from 0 to n that identify tile matrix layers in a tile matrix set that contain tiles of decreasing spatial extent and finer spatial resolution. Adjacent zoom levels immediately precede or follow each other and diﬀer by a value of 1. Pixel sizes are real numbers in the terrain units of the spatial reference system of a tile image specifying the dimensions of the real world area represented by one pixel. Pixel sizes MAY vary by a constant factor or by diﬀerent factors or intervals between some or all adjacent zoom levels in a tile matrix set. In the commonly used "zoom times two" convention, pixel sizes vary by a factor of 2 between all adjacent zoom levels, as shown in the example in Tiles Zoom Times Two Example (Informative). This extension enables use of "zoom other intervals" conventions with diﬀerent factors or irregular intervals with pixel sizes chosen for intuitive cartographic representation of raster data, or to coincide with the original pixel size of commonly used global image products. See WMTS [16] Annex E for additional examples of both conventions.

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg

Extension Name or Template gpkg_zoom_other

Extension Type Extension of Existing Requirement in clause 2.2.3.

Applicability This extension applies to any table listed in the gpkg_contents table with a data_type of tiles .

Scope Read-write

Requirements GeoPackage Requirement 87 The “gpkg_zoom_other” extension name SHALL be used as a gpkg_extensions table extension name column value to specify implementation of other zoom intervals on a tile pyramid user data table as specified in Zoom Other Intervals.

Requirement 88

A GeoPackage that implements other zoom intervals SHALL have a gpkg_extensions table that contains a row for each tile pyramid user data table with other zoom intervals with extension_name “gpkg_zoom_other”, the table_name of the table with other zoom intervals, and the “tile_data” column_name.

Requirement 89 Tile pyramid user data tables MAY have pixel sizes that vary by irregular intervals or by regular intervals other than a factor of two (the default) between adjacent zoom levels. Extends Requirement 35. The pixel_x_size and / or pixel_y_size column values in the gpkg_tile_matrix table vary by irregular intervals or by regular intervals other than a factor of two (the default) between adjacent zoom levels for a particular tile matrix set pyramid table.

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension None

Abstract Test Suite Extensions Name Test Case ID

/reg_ext/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_other_ext_name

Test Purpose

Verify that the “gpkg_zoom_other” extension name is used to register tiles tables with other than factors of two zoom intervals.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'tiles' 2. Not testable if empty result set 3. For each row table_name from step 1 a. SELECT zoom_level, pixel_x_size, pixel_y_size FROM gpkg_tile_matrix WHERE table_name = selected table name ORDER BY zoom_level ASC b. Not testable if returns empty result set c. Not testable if there are not two rows with adjacent zoom levels d. Not testable if no pair of rows for adjacent zoom levels have pixel_x_size or pixel_y_size values that diﬀer by other than factors of two e. /opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/table_def f. Fail if failed g. SELECT * FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE table_name = selected table name AND extension_name = 'gpkg_zoom_other' h. Fail if returns an empty result set i. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.6 Req 87

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_other_ext_row

Test Purpose

Verify that tiles tables with other than factors of two zoom intervals are registered using the “gpkg_zoom_other” extension name.

Test Method

/reg_ext/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_other_ext_name

Reference

Annex F.6 Req 88

Test Type:

Capability

Zoom Interval Test Case ID

/reg_ext/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_intervals

Test Purpose

Verify that zoom level pixel sizes for tile matrix user data tables vary by factors of 2 between adjacent zoom levels in the tile matrix metadata table only for tile matrix sets that this extension does not apply to.

Test Method

1. Override test /opt/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_times_two 2. SELECT table_name AS tn FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'tiles' 3. For each row tn from step 2 a. WHEN (SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = 'gpkg_extensions') = 'gpkg_extensions' THEN (SELECT table_name from gpkg_extensions WHERE extension_name = 'gpkg_zoom_other' AND table_name = 'tn') END; b. If returns empty result set, execute test /opt/tiles/zoom_levels/data/zoom_times_two 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Annex F.6 Req 89

Test Type

Capability

F.7. Tiles Encoding WebP Introduction This extension of clauses Tile Encoding PNG and Tile Encoding JPEG allows encoding of tile images in WebP format. PNG and JPEG are the default MIME types for encoding images in tile pyramid user data tables. This extension allows the use of image/x-webp as an additional encoding type.

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg .

Extension Name or Template gpkg_webp

Extension Type Extension of Existing Requirement in clauses Tile Encoding PNG and Tile Encoding JPEG.

Applicability This extension applies to any table listed in the gpkg_contents table with a data_type of tiles .

Scope Read-write

Requirements GeoPackage Requirement 90 The "gpkg_webp" extension name SHALL be used as a gpkg_extensions table extension name column value to specify storage of tile pyramid images in WEBP format as specified in Tiles Encoding WebP.

Requirement 91 A GeoPackage that contains tile pyramid user data tables with tile_data columns that contain images in WEBP format SHALL contain a gpkg_extensions table that contains row records with table_name values for each such table, “tile_data” column_name values and extension_name column values of “gpkg_webp”.

Requirement 92 A GeoPackage that contains a tile pyramid user data table that contains tile data MAY store tile_data in MIME type image/x-webp [22]. The MIME type of values of the tile_data column in tile pyramid user data tables SHALL be image/x-webp .

GeoPackage SQLite Configuration None

GeoPackage SQLite Extension None

Abstract Test Suite Extensions Name Test Case

/reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/webp_ext_name

ID Test

Verify that the “gpkg_webp” extensions name is used to register WEBP tile encoding implementations.

Purpose: 1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'tiles'

Test Method:

2. Not testable if empty result set 3. For each row table_name from step 1 a. Select tile_data FROM row table_name b. For each row tile_data from step a i. Log webp if tile data in MIME type image/webp c. Not testable if no logged webps d. /opt/extension_mechanism/extensions/data/table_def e. Fail if failed

f. SELECT * FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE table_name = selected table name AND extension_name = 'gpkg_webp g. Fail if returns an empty result set h. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails

Reference

Annex F.7 Req 90

Test Type

Basic

Extensions Row Test Case ID

/reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/webp_ext_row

Test Purpose:

Verify that WEBP tile encodings are registered using the “gpkg_webp” extensions name.

Test Method:

/reg_ext/tiles/tile_encoding_webp/data/webp_ext_name

Reference:

Annex F.7 Req 91

Test Type

Capability

Extension Mime Type Test Case ID

/reg_ext/tiles/tiles_encoding_webp/data/mime_type_webp

Test Purpose

Verify that a tile matrix user data table that conforms to this extension contains tile data of MIME type image/x-webp.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name AS tn FROM gpkg_contents WHERE data_type = 'tiles' 2. For each row tn from step 2 a. WHEN (SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = 'gpkg_extensions') = 'gpkg_extensions' THEN (SELECT extension_name FROM gpkg_extensions WHERE table_name = 'tn') END; b. For each row extension_name from step a i. Not testable if extension_name is not gpkg_webp ii. SELECT tile_data from tn A. Pass if tile data in MIME type image/x-webp B. Fail if no passes

Reference

Annex F.7 Req 92

Test Type

Capability

F.8. Metadata Introduction Two tables in a GeoPackage provide a means of storing metadata in MIME [21] encodings that are defined in accordance with any authoritative metadata specifications, and relating it to the features, rasters, and tiles data in a GeoPackage. These tables are intended to provide the support necessary to implement the hierarchical metadata models as defined in ISO 19115 [28] and illustrated in Hierarchical Metadata Example One - ISO19115. and Raster or Tile Metadata Example. As GeoPackage data is captured and updated, the most local and specific detailed metadata changes associated with the new or modified data MAY be captured separately, and referenced to existing global and general metadata. The gpkg_metadata table that contains metadata is described in clause Metadata Table, and the gpkg_metadata_reference table that relates gpkg_metadata to GeoPackage data is described in clause Metadata Reference Table. There is no GeoPackage requirement that such metadata be provided or that defined metadata be structured in a hierarchical fashion [25] with more than one level, only that if it is, these tables SHALL be used. Such metadata [26] and data that relates it to GeoPackage contents SHALL NOT be stored in other tables.

Extension Author GeoPackage SWG, author_name gpkg

Extension Name or Template gpkg_metadata

Extension Type New Requirement

Applicability This extension applies to any content in the GeoPackage.

Scope Read-write

Requirements Metadata Table Table Definition Requirement 93 A GeoPackage MAY contain a table named gpkg_metadata. If present it SHALL be defined per clause 2.4.2.1.1 Table Definition, Metadata Table Definition and gpkg_metadata Table Definition SQL. The first component of GeoPackage metadata is the gpkg_metadata table that MAY contain metadata in MIME [21] encodings structured in accordance with any authoritative metadata specification, such as ISO 19115 [28], ISO 19115-2 [B6], ISO 19139 [B7], Dublin Core [B8], CSDGM [B10], DDMS [B12], NMF/NMIS [B13], etc. The GeoPackage interpretation of what constitutes “metadata” is a broad one that includes UML models [B14] encoded in XMI [B15], GML Application Schemas [30], ISO 19110 feature catalogues [B18], OWL [B20] and SKOS [B21] taxonomies, etc. Table 32. Metadata Table Definition Column Name

Column

Column Description

Null

Default

Key

Type id

INTEGER

Metadata primary key

md_scope

TEXT

Case sensitive name of the data scope to which this metadata applies;

PK ‘dataset’

see Metadata Scopes below md_standard_uri

TEXT

URI [23] reference to the metadata structure definition authority [27]

mime_type

TEXT

MIME [21] encoding of metadata

text/xml [24]

metadata

TEXT

metadata

’’

The md_standard_uri data value provides an identifier for the metadata structure (schema) specified by its definition authority. The structure (schema) information could be in whatever encoding is used by the definition authority, e.g. UML [B14], or IDEF1x [B16], or XML/Schema [25][26][27], or RDF/S [B19]. See gpkg_metadata Table Definition SQL. Table Data Values The md_scope column in the gpkg_metadata table is the name of the applicable scope for the contents of the metadata column for a given row. The list of valid scope names and their definitions is provided in Metadata Scopes below. The initial contents of this table were obtained from the ISO 19115 [40], Annex B B.5.25 MD_ScopeCode code list, which was extended [28] for use in the GeoPackage specification by addition of entries with “NA” as the scope code column in Metadata Table Definition. Table 33. Metadata Scopes Name (md_scope)

Scope

Definition

Code undefined

Metadata information scope is undefined

fieldSession

012

Information applies to the field session

collectionSession

004

Information applies to the collection session

series

006

Information applies to the (dataset) series [29]

dataset

005

Information applies to the (geographic feature) dataset

featureType

010

Information applies to a feature type (class)

feature

009

Information applies to a feature (instance)

attributeType

002

Information applies to the attribute class

attribute

001

Information applies to the characteristic of a feature (instance)

tile

016

Information applies to a tile, a spatial subset of geographic data

model

015

Information applies to a copy or imitation of an existing or hypothetical object

catalog

Metadata applies to a feature catalog [30]

schema

Metadata applies to an application schema [31]

taxonomy

Metadata applies to a taxonomy or knowledge system [32]

software

013

Information applies to a computer program or routine

service

014

Information applies to a capability which a service provider entity makes available to a service user entity through a set of interfaces that define a behaviour, such as a use case

collectionHardware

003

Information applies to the collection hardware class

nonGeographicDataset

007

Information applies to non-geographic data

dimensionGroup

008

Information applies to a dimension group

Requirement 94 Each md_scope column value in a gpkg_metadata table or updateable view SHALL be one of the name column values from Metadata Scopes.

Metadata Reference Table Table Definition Requirement 95 A GeoPackage that contains a gpkg_metadata table SHALL contain a gpkg_metadata_reference table per clause 2.4.3.1.1 Table Definition, Metadata Reference Table Definition (Table Name: gpkg_metadata_reference) and gpkg_metadata_reference Table Definition SQL. The second component of GeoPackage metadata is the gpkg_metadata_reference table that links metadata in the gpkg_metadata table to data in the feature, and tiles tables defined in clauses 2.1.6 and 2.2.7. The gpkg_metadata_reference

table is not required to contain any rows. Table 34. Metadata Reference Table Definition (Table Name: gpkg_metadata_reference) Column Name

Col Type

Column Description

Null

reference_scope

TEXT

Lowercase metadata reference scope; one of

‘geopackage’, ‘table’,‘column’, ’row’, ’row/col’ table_name

TEXT

Name of the table to which this metadata reference

yes

applies, or NULL for reference_scope of ‘geopackage’. column_name

TEXT

Name of the column to which this metadata reference applies; NULL for reference_scope of ‘geopackage’,‘table’ or ‘row’, or the name of a column in the table_name table for reference_scope of ‘column’ or ‘row/col’

yes

Default

Key

row_id_value

INTEGER

[33]

NULL for reference_scope of ‘geopackage’, ‘table’ or

yes

‘column’, or the rowed of a row record in the table_name table for reference_scope of ‘row’ or ‘row/col’

timestamp

md_file_id

DATETIME

INTEGER

timestamp value in ISO 8601 format as defined by the

strftime('%Y-%m-

strftime function '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ' format

%dT%H:%M:%fZ',

string applied to the current time

'now')

gpkg_metadata table id column value for the metadata

yes

to which this gpkg_metadata_reference applies md_parent_id

INTEGER

gpkg_metadata table id column value for the hierarchical

parent gpkg_metadata for the gpkg_metadata to which this gpkg_metadata_reference applies, or NULL if md_file_id forms the root of a metadata hierarchy

Every row in gpkg_metadata_reference that has null value as md_parent_id forms the root of a metadata hierarchy.[34] See Table Definition SQL (Normative) clause gpkg_metadata_reference Table Definition SQL. Table Data Values Requirement 96 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table reference scope column value SHALL be one of ‘geopackage’, ‘table’, ‘column’, ’row’, ’row/col’ in lowercase.

Requirement 97 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row with a reference_scope column value of ‘geopackage’ SHALL have a table_name column value that is NULL. Every other gpkg_metadata_reference table row SHALL have a table_name

column value that references a value in the gpkg_contents table_name column.

Requirement 98 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row with a reference_scope column value of ‘geopackage’,‘table’ or ‘row’ SHALL have a column_name column value that is NULL. Every other gpkg_metadata_reference table row SHALL have a column_name column value that contains the name of a column in the SQLite table or view identified by the table_name

column value.

Requirement 99 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row with a reference_scope column value of ‘geopackage’, ‘table’ or ‘column’ SHALL have a row_id_value column value that is NULL. Every other gpkg_metadata_reference table row SHALL have a row_id_value column value that contains the ROWID of a row in the SQLite table or view identified by the table_name

column value.

Requirement 100 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row timestamp column value SHALL be in ISO 8601 [29] format containing a complete date plus UTC hours, minutes, seconds and a decimal fraction of a second, with a ‘Z’ (‘zulu’) suﬃx indicating UTC.[35]

Requirement 101 Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row md_file_id column value SHALL be an id column value from the gpkg_metadata table.

Requirement 102

Every gpkg_metadata_reference table row md_parent_id column value that is NOT NULL SHALL be an id column value from the gpkg_metadata table that is not equal to the md_file_id column value for that row.

Abstract Test Suite Metadata Table Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_metadata table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_metadata' 2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned Create TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of Table 33. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 93

Test Type

Basic

Table Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata/data/data_values_md_scope

Test Purpose

Verify that each of the md_scope column values in a gpkg_metadata table is one of the name column values from Table 15 in clause 2.4.2.1.2.

Test Method

1. SELECT md_scope FROM gpkg_metadata 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row returned from step 1 a. Fail if md_scope value not one of the name column values from Table 15 in clause 2.4.2.1.2 4. Pass if no fails

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 94

Test Type:

Capabilities

Metadata Reference Table Table Definition Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/table_def

Test Purpose

Verify that the gpkg_metadata_reference table exists and has the correct definition.

Test Method

1. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = 'gpkg_metadata_reference' 2. Fail if returns an empty result set. 3. Pass if the column names and column definitions in the returned Create TABLE statement in the sql column value, including data type, nullability, default values and primary, foreign and unique key constraints match all of those in the contents of Table 33. Column order, check constraint and trigger definitions, and other column definitions in the returned sql are irrelevant. 4. Fail otherwise.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 95

Test Type

Basic

Data Values Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_reference_scope

Test Purpose

Verify that gpkg_metadata_reference table reference_scope column values are valid.

Test Method

1. SELECT reference_scope FROM gpkg_metadata_reference 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT reference_scope FROM gpkg_metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope NOT IN (‘geopackage’,’table’,’column’,’row’,’row/col’) 4. Fail if does not return an empty result set 5. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 96

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_table_name

Test Purpose

Verify that gpkg_metadata_reference table_name column values are NULL for rows with reference_scope values of ‘geopackage’, and reference gpkg_contents table_name values for all other reference_scope values.

Test Method

1. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_metadata_reference 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope = 'geopackage' 4. Fail if result set contains any non-NULL values 5. SELECT table_name FROM metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope != 'geopackage' AND table_name NOT IN (SELECT table_name FROM gpkg_contents) 6. Fail if result set is not empty 7. Pass otherwise.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 97

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_column_name

Test Purpose

Verify that gpkg_metadata_reference column_name column values are NULL for rows with reference scope values of ‘geopackage’, ‘table’, or ‘row’, and contain the name of a column in table_name table for other reference scope values.

Test Method

1. SELECT column_name FROM gpkg_metadata_reference 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT column_name FROM gpkg_metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope IN (geopackage, ‘table’, ‘row’) 4. Fail if result set contains any non-NULL values

5. SELECT <table_name>, <column_name> FROM metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope NOT IN (geopackage, ‘table’, ‘row’) 6. For each row from step 5 a. SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tbl_name = '<table_name>' b. Fail if returns an empty result set. c. Fail if the one of the column names in the returned sql Create TABLE statement is not <column_name> d. Log pass otherwise 7. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 98

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_row_id_value

Test Purpose

Verify that gpkg_metadata_reference row_id_value column values are NULL for rows with reference scope values of ‘geopackage’, ‘table’, or ‘row’, and contain the ROWID of a row in the table_name for other reference scope values.

Test Method

1. SELECT row_id_value FROM gpkg_metadata_reference 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT row_id_value FROM gpkg_metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope IN (geopackage, ‘table’, ‘row’) 4. Fail if result set contains any non-NULL values 5. For each SELECT <table_name>, <row_id_value> FROM gpkg_metadata_reference WHERE reference_scope NOT IN (geopackage, ‘table’, ‘row’) 6. For each row from step 5 a. SELECT * FROM <table_name> WHERE ROWID = <row_id_value> b. Fail if result set is empty c. Log pass otherwise 7. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 99

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_timestamp

Test Purpose

Verify that every gpkg_metadata_reference table row timestamp column value is in ISO 8601 UTC format.

Test Method

1. SELECT timestamp from gpkg_metadata_reference. 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. For each row from step 1 a. Fail if format of returned value does not match yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.hhhZ b. Log pass otherwise 4. Pass if logged pass and no fails.

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 100

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_md_file_id

Test Purpose

Verify that every gpkg_metadata_reference table row md_file_id column value references a gpkg_metadata id column value.

Test Method

1. PRAGMA foreign_key_check(‘geometry_columns’) 2. Fail if returns any rows with a fourth column foreign key index value of 0

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 101

Test Type

Capability

Test Case ID

/opt/metadata/metadata_reference/data/data_values_md_parent_id

Test Purpose

Verify that every gpkg_metadata_reference table row md_parent_id column value that is not null is an id column value from the gpkg_metadata_table that is not equal to the md_file_id column value for that row.

Test Method

1. SELECT md_file_id FROM gpkg_metadata_reference 2. Not testable if returns an empty result set 3. SELECT gmr.md_file_id, gmr.md_parent_id FROM gpkg_metadata_reference AS gmr WHERE gmr.md_file_id == gmr.md_parent_id 4. Fail if result set is not empty 5. SELECT gmr.md_file_id, gmr.md_parent_id, gm.id FROM gpkg_metadata_reference AS gmr LEFT OUTER JOIN gpkg_metadata gm ON gmr.md_parent_id =gm.id 6. Fail if any result set gm.id values are NULL 7. Pass otherwise

Reference

Annex F.8 Req 102

Test Type

Capability

Table Definition SQL gpkg_metadata Table 35. gpkg_metadata Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_metadata ( id INTEGER CONSTRAINT m_pk PRIMARY KEY ASC NOT NULL, md_scope TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'dataset', md_standard_uri TEXT NOT NULL, mime_type TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'text/xml', metadata TEXT NOT NULL );

gpkg_metadata_reference Table 36. gpkg_metadata_reference Table Definition SQL

CREATE TABLE gpkg_metadata_reference ( reference_scope TEXT NOT NULL, table_name TEXT, column_name TEXT, row_id_value INTEGER, timestamp DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now')), md_file_id INTEGER NOT NULL, md_parent_id INTEGER, CONSTRAINT crmr_mfi_fk FOREIGN KEY (md_file_id) REFERENCES gpkg_metadata(id), CONSTRAINT crmr_mpi_fk FOREIGN KEY (md_parent_id) REFERENCES gpkg_metadata(id) ); Table 37. Example: gpkg_metadata_reference SQL insert statement (Informative)

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'table', 'sample_rasters', NULL, NULL, '2012-08-17T14:49:32.932Z', 98, 99 )

Trigger Definition SQL (Informative) metadata Table 38. metadata Trigger Definition SQL

metadata_reference Table 39. gpkg_metadata_reference Trigger Definition SQL

CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_reference_scope_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: reference_scope must be one of "geopackage", table", "column", "row", "row/col"') WHERE NOT NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','column','row','row/col'); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_reference_scope_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF 'reference_scope' ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: referrence_scope must be one of "geopackage", "table", "column", "row", "row/col"') WHERE NOT NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','column','row','row/col'); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_column_name_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: column name must be NULL when reference_scope is "geopackage", "table" or "row"') WHERE (NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','row') AND NEW.column_name IS NOT NULL); SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: column name must be defined for the specified table when reference_scope is "column" or "row/col"') WHERE (NEW.reference_scope IN ('column','row/col') AND NOT NEW.table_name IN ( SELECT name FROM SQLITE_MASTER WHERE type = 'table' AND name = NEW.table_name AND sql LIKE ('%' || NEW.column_name || '%'))); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_column_name_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF column_name ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: column name must be NULL when reference_scope is "geopackage", "table" or "row"') WHERE (NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','row') AND NEW.column_nameIS NOT NULL); SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: column name must be defined for the specified table when reference_scope is "column" or "row/col"') WHERE (NEW.reference_scope IN ('column','row/col') AND NOT NEW.table_name IN ( SELECT name FROM SQLITE_MASTER WHERE type = 'table' AND name = NEW.table_name AND sql LIKE ('%' || NEW.column_name || '%'))); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_row_id_value_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: row_id_value must be NULL when reference_scope

is "geopackage", "table" or "column"') WHERE NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','column') AND NEW.row_id_value IS NOT NULL; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: row_id_value must exist in specified table when reference_scope is "row" or "row/col"') WHERE NEW.reference_scope IN ('row','row/col') AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT rowid FROM (SELECT NEW.table_name AS table_name) WHERE rowid = NEW.row_id_value); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_row_id_value_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF 'row_id_value' ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: row_id_value must be NULL when reference_scope is "geopackage", "table" or "column"') WHERE NEW.reference_scope IN ('geopackage','table','column') AND NEW.row_id_value IS NOT NULL; SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: row_id_value must exist in specified table when reference_scope is "row" or "row/col"') WHERE NEW.reference_scope IN ('row','row/col') AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT rowid FROM (SELECT NEW.table_name AS table_name) WHERE rowid = NEW.row_id_value); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_timestamp_insert' BEFORE INSERT ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'insert on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: timestamp must be a valid time in ISO 8601 "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.cccZ" form') WHERE NOT (NEW.timestamp GLOB '[1-2][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][09]:[0-5][0-9].[0-9][0-9][0-9]Z' AND strftime('%s',NEW.timestamp) NOT NULL); END CREATE TRIGGER 'gpkg_metadata_reference_timestamp_update' BEFORE UPDATE OF 'timestamp' ON 'gpkg_metadata_reference' FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'update on table gpkg_metadata_reference violates constraint: timestamp must be a valid time in ISO 8601 "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.cccZ" form') WHERE NOT (NEW.timestamp GLOB '[1-2][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][09]:[0-5][0-9].[0-9][0-9][0-9]Z' AND strftime('%s',NEW.timestamp) NOT NULL); END

Examples (Informative) Hierarchical Metadata Example One - ISO19115. Suppose we have this metadata:

CREATE TABLE gpkg_metadata ( id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, md_scope TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'undefined', md_standard_uri TEXT NOT NULL, metadata TEXT NOT NULL )

md_scope

md_standard_uri

metadata

undefined

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

series

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

dataset

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

featureType

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

feature

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attributeType

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

and this reference table definition:

CREATE TABLE gpkg_metadata_reference ( reference_scope TEXT NOT NULL, table_name TEXT, column_name TEXT, row_id_value INTEGER, timestamp TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now')), md_file_id INTEGER NOT NULL, md_parent_id INTEGER, CONSTRAINT crmr_mfi_fk FOREIGN KEY (md_file_id) REFERENCES gpkg_metadata(id), CONSTRAINT crmr_mpi_fk FOREIGN KEY (md_parent_id) REFERENCES gpkg_metadata(id) ) 1) Consider a geographic data provider generating vector mapping data for three Administrative areas(A, B and C). … The metadata could be carried exclusively at Dataset Series level. Then we need a record for each layer table for the three admin areas, like this:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'table', /* reference type */ 'roads', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ -1, /* row_id_value */ (datetime('now')), 3, /* md_file_id */ 0 /* md_parent_id */ ) 2) After some time alternate vector mapping of Administrative area A becomes available. The metadata would then be extended for Administrative area A, to describe the new quality date values. These values would supersede those given for the Dataset series, but only for Administrative area A. The metadata for B and C would remain unchanged. This new metadata would be recorded at Dataset level. Then we need a record for each layer table in "A" like this:

3) Eventually further data becomes available for Administrative area A, with a complete re-survey of the road network. Again this implies new metadata for the aﬀected feature types. This metadata would be carried at Feature type level for Administrative area A. All other metadata relating to other feature types remains unaﬀected. Only the metadata for roads in Administrative area A is modified. This road metadata is recorded at Feature type level. Then we need a record for each layer table for the roads network, like this:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'table', /* reference type */ 'roads', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ -1, /* row_id_value */ (datetime('now')), 5, /* md_file_id */ 4 /* md_parent_id */ ) 4) An anomaly in the road survey is identified, in that all Overhead clearances for the Administrative area A have been surveyed to the nearest metre. These are re-surveyed to the nearest decimetre. This re-survey implies new metadata for the aﬀected attribute type ‘Overhead Clearance’. All other metadata for Administrative area A remains unaﬀected. This ‘Overhead Clearance’ metadata is recorded at Attribute Type level. Then we need a record for each layer table in the roads network with attribute type Overhead Clearance, like this;

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'column', /* reference type */ 'roads', /* table name */ 'overhead_clearance', /* column_name */ -1, /* row_id_value */ (datetime('now')), 7, /* md_file_id */ 4 /* md_parent_id */ ) 5) A new bridge is constructed in Administrative area A. This new data is reflected in the geographic data for Administrative area A, and new metadata is required to record this new feature. All other metadata for Administrative area A remains unaﬀected. This new feature metadata is recorded at Feature instance level. Then we need a record for the bridge layer table row for the new bridge, like this:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row', /* reference type */ 'bridge', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ 987, /* row_id_value */ (datetime('now')), 6, /* md_file_id */ 4 /* md_parent_id */ ) 6) The overhead clearance attribute of the new bridge was wrongly recorded, and is modified. Again this new attribute requires new metadata to describe the modification. All other metadata for Administrative area A remains unaﬀected. This new attribute metadata is recorded at Attribute instance level. Then we need a record for the clearance attribute value, like this:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'bridge', /* table name */ 'overhead_clearance', /* column_name */ 987, /* row_id_value */ (datetime('now')), 8, /* md_file_id */ 4 /* md_parent_id */ )

Hierarchical Metadata Example Two - Field Data Collection This use case demonstrates a mechanism to indicate which data in a GeoPackage that was originally loaded with data from one or more services has been collected or updated since the initial load, and therefore MAY need to be uploaded to update the original services (e.g. WFS, WCS, WMTS). Suppose a user with a mobile handheld device goes out in the field and collects observations of a new "Point of Interest" (POI) feature type, and associated metadata about the field session, the new feature type, some POI instances and some of their attributes (e.g. spatial accuracy, attribute accuracy) that results in the following additional metadata: id

md_scope

md_standard_uri

metadata

fieldSession

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

featureType

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

feature

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

feature

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

feature

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

attribute

http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/ (http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/)

TEXT

(This example assumes that the field session data is still considered "raw" and won’t be considered a data set or part of a data series until it has been verified and cleaned, but if that is wrong then additional series and data set metadata could be added.) Then we need a gpkg_metadata_reference record for the field session for the new POI table, whose md_parent_id is undefined:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'table', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ -1, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 1, /* md_file_id */ 0 /* md_parent_id */ ) Then we need a gpkg_metadata_reference record for the feature type for the new POI table, whose md_parent_id is that of the field session:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'table', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ -1, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 10, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) Then we need gpkg_metadata_reference records for the poi feature instance rows, whose md_parent_id is that of the field session:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ 1, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 11, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ 2, /* row_id_value */ 14, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'undefined', /* column_name */ 3, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 17, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) And finally we need gpkg_metadata_reference records for the poi attribute instance metadata , whose md_parent_id is that of the field session:

INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'point', /* column_name */ 1, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 12, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'point', /* column_name */ 2, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 15, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'point', /* column_name */ 3, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 18, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'category', /* column_name */ 1, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 13, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'category', /* column_name */ 2, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 16, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) INSERT INTO gpkg_metadata_reference VALUES ( 'row/col', /* reference type */ 'poi', /* table name */ 'category', /* column_name */ 3, /* row_id_value */ (strftime(‘%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ’,’now’)), 19, /* md_file_id */ 1 /* md_parent_id */ ) As long as all metadata collected in the field session either directly (as above) or indirectly (suppose there were a data set level metadata_reference record intermediary) refers to the field session metadata via md_parent_id values, then this chain of metadata references identifies the newly collected information, as Joan requested, in addition to the metadata. So here is the data after both examples:

Table 40. xml_metadata id

md_scope

md_standard_uri

metadata

undefined

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

fieldSession

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

collectionSession

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

series

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

dataset

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

featureType

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

feature

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attributeType

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

featureType

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

feature

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

feature

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

feature

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

attribute

http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd (http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd)

TEXT

Table 41. gpkg_metadata_reference reference_type

table_name

column_name

row_id_value

timestamp

md_file_id

md_parent_id

table

roads

undefined

table

roads

undefined

table

roads

undefined

column

roads

overhead_clearance

row

bridge

undefined

987

row/col

bridge

overhead_clearance

987

table

poi

undefined

row

poi

undefined

row

poi

undefined

row

poi

undefined

row/col

poi

undefined

row/col

poi

point

row/col

poi

point

row/col

poi

point

row/col

poi

OGC GeoPackage Encoding Standard (version 1.1) — OGC 12-128r12

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