ABSTRACT
Abstract
A safety element is provided to a lead connected part of a battery module in the event of overcharge, to improve safety of the battery module. The battery module according to the present disclosure includes two or more battery cells, and the battery module includes a current shut-off battery cell which electrically connects adjacent first and second battery cells, and when overcharge occurs, ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a battery module, and more particularly, to a battery module for shutting off the current flow in the event of overcharge. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a battery pack comprising the battery module and a vehicle comprising the battery pack. The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0157433 filed in the Republic of Korea on Nov. 23, 2017, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0099235 filed in the Republic of Korea on Aug. 24, 2018, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND ART
Currently, commercially available secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium secondary batteries and the like, and among them, lithium secondary batteries have little or no memory effect, and thus they are gaining more attention than nickel-based secondary batteries for their advantages of free charging and discharging, a very low self-discharge rate and high energy density.
The lithium secondary battery mainly uses lithium-based oxide and a carbon material for a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material respectively. The lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which unit cells are assembled, each unit cell including a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode current collector coated with the positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material and a separator interposed between, and a packaging material, i.e., a battery case hermetically sealed, in which the electrode assembly is received together with an electrolyte solution.
Lithium secondary batteries are classified into can-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a metal can and pouch-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch of an aluminum laminate sheet, according to the shape of the battery case.
More recently, secondary batteries are being widely used in not only small devices such as portable electronic products but also medium- and large-scale devices such as vehicles and energy storage systems (ESSs). For use in medium- and large-scale devices, many secondary batteries are electrically connected to construct a battery module or a battery pack to increase the capacity and output. In particular, pouch-type secondary batteries are widely used in medium- and large-scale devices because they are easy to stack and lightweight.
A pouch-type secondary battery has a structure, in which an electrode assembly having a connected electrode lead is received in a pouch case together with an electrolyte solution, and the pouch case is hermetically sealed. A portion of the electrode lead is exposed outside the pouch case, and the exposed electrode lead is electrically connected to a device in which the secondary battery is mounted, or is used to electrically connect secondary batteries to each other.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing, for example, two pouch-type secondary batteries connected in series in a conventional battery module.
As shown in the drawings, the pouch-type secondary battery 10 includes an electrode lead 40 drawn out of a pouch case 30 . The electrode lead 40 is divided into a positive electrode (+) lead and a negative electrode (â) lead according to the electrical polarity, and is electrically coupled to the electrode assembly 20 received in the pouch case 30 in an airtight manner. That is, the positive electrode lead is electrically coupled to the positive electrode plate of the electrode assembly 20 , and the negative electrode lead is electrically coupled to the negative electrode plate of the electrode assembly 20 .
There may be many methods of connecting the pouch-type secondary batteries 10 in series, and FIG. 1 shows that the electrode leads 40 are bent, and the bent electrode leads 40 are welded using a connecting bar 50 to connect the electrode leads 40 , and FIG. 2 shows that the bent electrode leads 40 are connected by welding with an overlap between. In the indirect connection method of FIG. 1 or the direct connection method of FIG. 2 , when a connected part of the electrode leads 40 is referred to as a lead connected part A, a plurality of pouch-type secondary batteries 10 in the battery module may be connected to each other through the lead connected part A.
Meanwhile, it is necessary to protect a secondary battery from an abnormal situation such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheat and overcurrent, and it is general to implement a secondary battery protection circuit together in a battery module or a battery pack. In particular, with the development of technology for high capacity active materials, thin separators and operation at high voltage in keeping up with higher energy density and lower cost of secondary batteries, overcharge is problematic, and solutions to fire and explosion issues in an overcharge situation are necessary. Additionally, because a lithium secondary battery uses organic solvents that are flammable, it is necessary to ensure safety when the lithium secondary battery is placed in abnormal condition due to overcharge.
However, the conventional lead connected part A is nothing but the path of current flow. For example, it is irrelevant to the function of ensuring the safety of a battery module having this connection structure. As described above, the conventional lead connected part A does not have a safety element in the event of overcharge, and thus, for example, when the overcharge prevention function of the secondary battery protection circuit does not normally work, safety is very poor.
The biggest social issue in the field of secondary batteries these days is safety problem. Explosion of battery modules or battery packs may cause damage to electronic devices or vehicles employing them and lead to user safety threats and fires, so the safety problem is recognized as an important issue. When secondary batteries are overcharged, the risk of explosion and/or fire increases, and sudden combustion or explosion caused by overcharge may cause a loss of human life and financial damage. Therefore, there is a need for introduction of an apparatus to fully ensure safety in use of secondary batteries.
DISCLOSURE
Technical Problem
The present disclosure is directed to providing a battery module with improved safety in which a safety element is provided to a lead connected part of the battery module in the event of overcharge, and a battery pack comprising the battery module and a vehicle comprising the battery pack.
These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be understood by the following description and will be apparent from the embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of the present disclosure are realized by the means set forth in the appended claims and combinations thereof.
Technical Solution
A battery module according to the present disclosure includes two or more battery cells, including a first battery cell and a second battery cell and a current shut-off battery cell providing an electrical connection between the first battery cell and second battery cell, and when overcharge occurs, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection.
In the present disclosure, each of the first battery cell, the second battery cell and the current shut-off battery cell may be a pouch-type secondary battery having an electrode assembly having two ends, each end connected to a first end of an electrode lead of opposite polarities, the electrode assembly is received in a pouch case together with an electrolyte solution and the pouch case is hermetically sealed, and a second end of the electrode lead is exposed outside of the pouch case.
In the present disclosure, the first battery cell and the current shut-off battery cell may be connected in series, and the current shut-off battery cell and the second battery cell may be connected in series.
A first electrode lead of the first battery cell and a first electrode lead of the second battery cell may be connected to each other by the electrode leads of the current shut-off battery cell.
Preferably, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are stacked in an alternating manner in a stack direction such that each alternating electrode lead has opposite polarities, and the second end of the first electrode lead of the first battery cell and the second end of the first electrode lead of the second battery cell are bent facing each other along the stack direction, and the current shut-off battery cell is placed in parallel to the stack direction between bent parts of each first electrode lead, to connect each first electrode lead.
Preferably, the current shut-off battery cell is smaller or thinner than either of the first battery cell and the second battery cell so that the current shut-off battery cell is disposed between the bent parts of each first electrode lead while not affecting a distance between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
Preferably, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures due to the increased pressure by gas generated in the battery cell in the event of overcharge.
To this end, wherein the electrode assembly of the current shut-off battery cell has a stack of a negative electrode plate, a separator and a positive electrode plate, the positive electrode plate may include a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode active material, a gas generating material, a conductive material and a binder.
The gas generating material may be one selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) and lithium oxalate, or mixtures thereof.
The gas generating material may be included in the positive electrode plate in an amount of 0.1 to 20 weight % based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material and the gas generating material.
The positive electrode active material layer may be a porous structure in which the gas generating material is bonded and immobilized by the binder, and pores are formed by voids in the gas generating material.
The positive electrode active material and the gas generating material may be blended together.
Alternatively, the positive electrode active material layer may include a primer layer and an active material coating layer, the primer layer may include the gas generating material, the conductive material and the binder, and the active material coating layer may include the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder.
The gas generating material may be present in an amount of 90 to 99.9 weight % of solids in the primer layer.
A bimetal may be used in the first battery cell or the second battery cell or the electrode lead of the current shut-off battery cell, so that the electrode lead may bend by a temperature rise in the event of overcharge, and the pouch case of the current shut-off battery cell may break and rupture.
Additionally, the present disclosure provides a battery pack including at least one battery module according to the present disclosure, and a pack case which the packages the at least one battery module.
Further, the present disclosure provides a vehicle including at least one battery pack according to the present disclosure.
Advantageous Effects
According to the present disclosure, a battery module includes a current shut-off battery cell between adjacent battery cells, and thus when overcharge occurs while the battery module is being used and the voltage of the current shut-off battery cell exceeds the threshold, for example, a particular voltage, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to shut off the current flow. Accordingly, even though the secondary battery protection circuit does not operate, the current flow is shut off to stop charging, thereby increasing the safety of the battery module. As described above, the battery module of the present disclosure implements means for automatically shutting off the current flow using the current shut-off battery cell in the event of overcharge, and accordingly, in addition to the overcharge prevention function of the secondary battery protection circuit, it is possible to doubly ensure the safety of the battery module.
According to the present disclosure, there may be provided a battery module including a current shut-off battery cell between adjacent battery cells to establish a series connection, forming an electrical connection path. When overcharge occurs such as a situation in which a particular voltage is reached, gas is generated from a gas generating material included in a positive electrode plate of the current shut-off battery cell. The current shut-off battery cell may be so small or thin that it can be disposed between the adjacent battery cells, and is likely to rupture by gas generated therein. As a result, the electrical connection of the adjacent battery cells is disconnected and the current flow is shut off, ensuring safety of the battery module.
According to the present disclosure, the lead connected part of the battery module has a safety element or a current shut-off battery cell. The safety element is not a Current Interrupt Device (CID) type connector of a simple structure or a fuse that melts, and a âbattery cellâ type current shut-off battery cell is used to safely shut off the current when an overcharge situation occurs. The current shut-off battery cell is advantageous in terms of resistance, compared to the connector or the fuse.
According to the present disclosure, safety may be increased only by adding the current shut-off battery cell to the lead connected part without changing the battery cell of the battery module. There is no need to change the existing battery cell, for example, installing a fuse in the electrode lead. Additionally, the current shut-off principle of the present disclosure is not intended to break or melt the electrode leads of the connected battery
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a battery module, and more particularly, to a battery module for shutting off the current flow in the event of overcharge. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a battery pack comprising the battery module and a vehicle comprising the battery pack. The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0157433 filed in the Republic of Korea on Nov. 23, 2017, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0099235 filed in the Republic of Korea on Aug. 24, 2018, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND ART
Currently, commercially available secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium secondary batteries and the like, and among them, lithium secondary batteries have little or no memory effect, and thus they are gaining more attention than nickel-based secondary batteries for their advantages of free charging and discharging, a very low self-discharge rate and high energy density.
The lithium secondary battery mainly uses lithium-based oxide and a carbon material for a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material respectively. The lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which unit cells are assembled, each unit cell including a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode current collector coated with the positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material and a separator interposed between, and a packaging material, i.e., a battery case hermetically sealed, in which the electrode assembly is received together with an electrolyte solution.
Lithium secondary batteries are classified into can-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a metal can and pouch-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch of an aluminum laminate sheet, according to the shape of the battery case.
More recently, secondary batteries are being widely used in not only small devices such as portable electronic products but also medium- and large-scale devices such as vehicles and energy storage systems (ESSs). For use in medium- and large-scale devices, many secondary batteries are electrically connected to construct a battery module or a battery pack to increase the capacity and output. In particular, pouch-type secondary batteries are widely used in medium- and large-scale devices because they are easy to stack and lightweight.
A pouch-type secondary battery has a structure, in which an electrode assembly having a connected electrode lead is received in a pouch case together with an electrolyte solution, and the pouch case is hermetically sealed. A portion of the electrode lead is exposed outside the pouch case, and the exposed electrode lead is electrically connected to a device in which the secondary battery is mounted, or is used to electrically connect secondary batteries to each other.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing, for example, two pouch-type secondary batteries connected in series in a conventional battery module.
As shown in the drawings, the pouch-type secondary battery 10 includes an electrode lead 40 drawn out of a pouch case 30 . The electrode lead 40 is divided into a positive electrode (+) lead and a negative electrode (â) lead according to the electrical polarity, and is electrically coupled to the electrode assembly 20 received in the pouch case 30 in an airtight manner. That is, the positive electrode lead is electrically coupled to the positive electrode plate of the electrode assembly 20 , and the negative electrode lead is electrically coupled to the negative electrode plate of the electrode assembly 20 .
There may be many methods of connecting the pouch-type secondary batteries 10 in series, and FIG. 1 shows that the electrode leads 40 are bent, and the bent electrode leads 40 are welded using a connecting bar 50 to connect the electrode leads 40 , and FIG. 2 shows that the bent electrode leads 40 are connected by welding with an overlap between. In the indirect connection method of FIG. 1 or the direct connection method of FIG. 2 , when a connected part of the electrode leads 40 is referred to as a lead connected part A, a plurality of pouch-type secondary batteries 10 in the battery module may be connected to each other through the lead connected part A.
Meanwhile, it is necessary to protect a secondary battery from an abnormal situation such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheat and overcurrent, and it is general to implement a secondary battery protection circuit together in a battery module or a battery pack. In particular, with the development of technology for high capacity active materials, thin separators and operation at high voltage in keeping up with higher energy density and lower cost of secondary batteries, overcharge is problematic, and solutions to fire and explosion issues in an overcharge situation are necessary. Additionally, because a lithium secondary battery uses organic solvents that are flammable, it is necessary to ensure safety when the lithium secondary battery is placed in abnormal condition due to overcharge.
However, the conventional lead connected part A is nothing but the path of current flow. For example, it is irrelevant to the function of ensuring the safety of a battery module having this connection structure. As described above, the conventional lead connected part A does not have a safety element in the event of overcharge, and thus, for example, when the overcharge prevention function of the secondary battery protection circuit does not normally work, safety is very poor.
The biggest social issue in the field of secondary batteries these days is safety problem. Explosion of battery modules or battery packs may cause damage to electronic devices or vehicles employing them and lead to user safety threats and fires, so the safety problem is recognized as an important issue. When secondary batteries are overcharged, the risk of explosion and/or fire increases, and sudden combustion or explosion caused by overcharge may cause a loss of human life and financial damage. Therefore, there is a need for introduction of an apparatus to fully ensure safety in use of secondary batteries.
DISCLOSURE
Technical Problem
The present disclosure is directed to providing a battery module with improved safety in which a safety element is provided to a lead connected part of the battery module in the event of overcharge, and a battery pack comprising the battery module and a vehicle comprising the battery pack.
These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be understood by the following description and will be apparent from the embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of the present disclosure are realized by the means set forth in the appended claims and combinations thereof.
Technical Solution
A battery module according to the present disclosure includes two or more battery cells, including a first battery cell and a second battery cell and a current shut-off battery cell providing an electrical connection between the first battery cell and second battery cell, and when overcharge occurs, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection.
In the present disclosure, each of the first battery cell, the second battery cell and the current shut-off battery cell may be a pouch-type secondary battery having an electrode assembly having two ends, each end connected to a first end of an electrode lead of opposite polarities, the electrode assembly is received in a pouch case together with an electrolyte solution and the pouch case is hermetically sealed, and a second end of the electrode lead is exposed outside of the pouch case.
In the present disclosure, the first battery cell and the current shut-off battery cell may be connected in series, and the current shut-off battery cell and the second battery cell may be connected in series.
A first electrode lead of the first battery cell and a first electrode lead of the second battery cell may be connected to each other by the electrode leads of the current shut-off battery cell.
Preferably, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are stacked in an alternating manner in a stack direction such that each alternating electrode lead has opposite polarities, and the second end of the first electrode lead of the first battery cell and the second end of the first electrode lead of the second battery cell are bent facing each other along the stack direction, and the current shut-off battery cell is placed in parallel to the stack direction between bent parts of each first electrode lead, to connect each first electrode lead.
Preferably, the current shut-off battery cell is smaller or thinner than either of the first battery cell and the second battery cell so that the current shut-off battery cell is disposed between the bent parts of each first electrode lead while not affecting a distance between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
Preferably, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures due to the increased pressure by gas generated in the battery cell in the event of overcharge.
To this end, wherein the electrode assembly of the current shut-off battery cell has a stack of a negative electrode plate, a separator and a positive electrode plate, the positive electrode plate may include a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode active material, a gas generating material, a conductive material and a binder.
The gas generating material may be one selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) and lithium oxalate, or mixtures thereof.
The gas generating material may be included in the positive electrode plate in an amount of 0.1 to 20 weight % based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material and the gas generating material.
The positive electrode active material layer may be a porous structure in which the gas generating material is bonded and immobilized by the binder, and pores are formed by voids in the gas generating material.
The positive electrode active material and the gas generating material may be blended together.
Alternatively, the positive electrode active material layer may include a primer layer and an active material coating layer, the primer layer may include the gas generating material, the conductive material and the binder, and the active material coating layer may include the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder.
The gas generating material may be present in an amount of 90 to 99.9 weight % of solids in the primer layer.
A bimetal may be used in the first battery cell or the second battery cell or the electrode lead of the current shut-off battery cell, so that the electrode lead may bend by a temperature rise in the event of overcharge, and the pouch case of the current shut-off battery cell may break and rupture.
Additionally, the present disclosure provides a battery pack including at least one battery module according to the present disclosure, and a pack case which the packages the at least one battery module.
Further, the present disclosure provides a vehicle including at least one battery pack according to the present disclosure.
Advantageous Effects
According to the present disclosure, a battery module includes a current shut-off battery cell between adjacent battery cells, and thus when overcharge occurs while the battery module is being used and the voltage of the current shut-off battery cell exceeds the threshold, for example, a particular voltage, the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to shut off the current flow. Accordingly, even though the secondary battery protection circuit does not operate, the current flow is shut off to stop charging, thereby increasing the safety of the battery module. As described above, the battery module of the present disclosure implements means for automatically shutting off the current flow using the current shut-off battery cell in the event of overcharge, and accordingly, in addition to the overcharge prevention function of the secondary battery protection circuit, it is possible to doubly ensure the safety of the battery module.
According to the present disclosure, there may be provided a battery module including a current shut-off battery cell between adjacent battery cells to establish a series connection, forming an electrical connection path. When overcharge occurs such as a situation in which a particular voltage is reached, gas is generated from a gas generating material included in a positive electrode plate of the current shut-off battery cell. The current shut-off battery cell may be so small or thin that it can be disposed between the adjacent battery cells, and is likely to rupture by gas generated therein. As a result, the electrical connection of the adjacent battery cells is disconnected and the current flow is shut off, ensuring safety of the battery module.
According to the present disclosure, the lead connected part of the battery module has a safety element or a current shut-off battery cell. The safety element is not a Current Interrupt Device (CID) type connector of a simple structure or a fuse that melts, and a âbattery cellâ type current shut-off battery cell is used to safely shut off the current when an overcharge situation occurs. The current shut-off battery cell is advantageous in terms of resistance, compared to the connector or the fuse.
According to the present disclosure, safety may be increased only by adding the current shut-off battery cell to the lead connected part without changing the battery cell of the battery module. There is no need to change the existing battery cell, for example, installing a fuse in the electrode lead. Additionally, the current shut-off principle of the present disclosure is not intended to break or melt the electrode leads of the connected battery cells. Only the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection. A major advantage of having no change in battery cell of the battery module is mass production of battery modules or no change in resistance on cell scale.
In particular, it is possible to respond to an âoverchargeâ situation, not an overdischarge or overcurrent situation, by shutting off the current at a particular voltage through control of the gas generating material included in the positive electrode plate of the current shut-off battery cell. For example, in case that lithium carbonate is used as the gas generating material, when the voltage of the current shut-off battery cell reaches 4.8V due to overcharge, Li 2 CO 3 decompose into CO+CO 2 gas and the internal pressure increases rapidly, and thus the current shut-off battery cell may rupture.
As described above, according to the present disclosure, the safety element is provided to the lead connected part in the event of overcharge, thereby improving the safety of the battery module, a battery pack including the battery module and a vehicle including the battery pack.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and together with the following detailed description, serve to provide a further understanding of the technical aspects of the present disclosure, and thus, the present disclosure is not construed as being limited to the drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing, for example, two pouch-type secondary batteries connected in series in a conventional battery module.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a battery module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a pouch-type secondary battery as a unit battery cell included in the battery module of FIG. 4 .
FIG. 6 is a top view of a current shut-off battery cell included in the battery module of FIG. 4 .
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment in which a current shut-off battery cell may be connected between adjacent two battery cells in the battery module of FIG. 4 .
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a positive electrode plate in an electrode assembly included in the current shut-off battery cell of FIG. 6 .
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of a positive electrode plate in an electrode assembly included in the current shut-off battery cell of FIG. 6 .
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment in which a current shut-off battery cell is connected between adjacent two battery cells according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing overcharge test results according to experimental example of the present disclosure.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to the description, it should be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present disclosure on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation.
Therefore, the embodiments described herein and illustrations shown in the drawings are just a most preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, but not intended to fully describe the technical aspects of the present disclosure, so it should be understood that other equivalents and modifications could be made thereto at the time of filing the application. In the drawings, like reference numerals denote like elements.
In the embodiments described below, a secondary battery refers to a lithium secondary battery. Here, the lithium secondary battery refers collectively to secondary batteries in which lithium ions act as working ions during charging and discharging, causing electrochemical reactions at the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.
Meanwhile, it should be interpreted as that even though the name of the secondary battery changes depending on the type of electrolyte or separator used in the lithium secondary battery, the type of battery case used to package the secondary battery and the internal or external structure of the lithium secondary battery, the lithium secondary battery covers any secondary battery using lithium ions as working ions.
The present disclosure may be also applied to secondary batteries other than lithium secondary batteries. Accordingly, it should be interpreted as that the present disclosure covers any type of secondary battery to which the technical aspects of the present disclosure may be applied, though working ions are not lithium ions.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 3 , the battery module 100 includes two or
more battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . . Each
battery cell
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . may be a secondary battery. Each
battery cell
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . may have a
positive electrode lead
70 a , 70 b , 70 c , . . . and a
negative electrode lead
80 a , 80 b , 80 c , . . . . The
positive electrode lead
70 a , 70 b , 70 c , . . . and the
negative electrode lead
80 a , 80 b , 80 c , . . . are electrically connected through a lead connected part B, and
adjacent battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . are connected to each other. The lead connected part B may be an indirect connection as described with reference to FIG. 1 or a direct connection as described with reference to FIG. 2 .
In the related art described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the lead connected part A does not have a safety element in the event of overcharge. However, in the present disclosure, at least one of lead connected parts B includes a current shut-off battery cell 90 . The current shut-off battery cell 90 is a safety element that shuts off the current flow in the event of overcharge. It is necessary to protect a secondary battery from an abnormal situation such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheat and overcurrent, and the present disclosure provides a battery module that can protect a secondary battery from overcharge.
FIG. 3 shows that the current shut-off battery cell 90 is included, for example, between adjacent two battery cells, a first battery cell 60 a and a second battery cell 60 b . The current shut-off battery cell 90 electrically connects the first battery cell 60 a and the second battery cell 60 b adjacent to each other, and in the event of overcharge, ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection in order to shut off the current flow.
The current shut-off battery cell 90 may be also a secondary battery. The current shut-off battery cell 90 may also have a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead. When the positive electrode lead of the current shut-off battery cell 90 is connected to the negative electrode lead 80 a of the first battery cell 60 a , and the negative electrode lead of the current shut-off battery cell 90 is connected to the positive electrode lead 70 b of the second battery cell 60 b , a series connection may be established as shown in FIG. 3 . The connection between each lead may be made through, for example, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, laser welding and a conductive adhesive, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
At least one current shut-off battery cell 90 may be included in one battery module 100 . The current shut-off battery cell 90 may be included in each lead connected part B, but
many battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . are electrically connected to form the battery module 100 having one current flow path, and thus even though only one of the lead connected parts B includes the current shut-off battery cell 90 , the electrical connection may be disconnected in the event of overcharge.
Preferably, the current shut-off battery cell 90 ruptures due to the increased pressure by gas generated in the battery cell at a particular voltage in the event of overcharge. The principle is that when the internal pressure is more than the sealing strength of the battery case of the current shut-off battery cell 90 due to gas generation, the battery case breaks and ruptures. In another example, the current shut-off battery cell 90 uses a bimetal, and in the event of overcharge, the bimetal bends by a temperature rise, and the battery case of the current shut-off battery cell 90 may break and rupture. The former shuts off the current at a particular voltage or more in the event of overcharge, while the latter is used in the event of overcharge accompanied with a temperature rise.
Meanwhile, conventionally, there is known technology that includes lithium carbonate in the positive electrode active material layer to greatly increase the resistance of the positive electrode plate enough to reach the overcharge end voltage. The present disclosure uses a gas generating material such as lithium carbonate, but it should be noted that the present disclosure increases the resistance of the positive electrode plate up to the overcharge end voltage, and further, increases the internal pressure more than the sealing strength of the battery case of the current shut-off battery cell 90 due to gas generation, so that the battery case breaks and ruptures to physically shut off the electrical connection path.
The related art described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 does not have a safety element at the lead connected part A in the event of overcharge, but the present disclosure includes the current shut-off battery cell 90 as a safety element at the lead connected part B in the event of overcharge. It should be noted that the safety element is not implemented as a CID type connector of a simple structure or a fuse that melts, and is implemented in the form of a âbattery cellâ. Due to this, it is possible to shut off the current safely in the event of overcharge. Because the current shut-off battery cell 90 is implemented in the form of a âbattery cellâ, it is advantageous in terms of resistance compared to the connector or the fuse. If the fuse is inserted into the lead connected part A in the related art shown in FIG. 1 or 2 , the resistance will be higher than the resistance when the fuse is not inserted into the lead connected part A. In addition, the fuse is difficult to respond to an overcharge situation. The fuse only operates when the temperature of the secondary battery rises by resistance heat generation in the event that an overcurrent flows, and thus an overcharge situation accompanied with no temperature rise will be insufficient to ensure safety. The present disclosure includes the current shut-off battery cell 90 , and it is advantageous because this does not act as a resistance component.
According to the present disclosure, it is possible to increase the safety by adding only the current shut-off battery cell 90 to the lead connected part B without changing the
battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . that make up the battery module 100 . There is no need to change the existing battery cell such as installing the fuse in the electrode lead. Additionally, the current shut-off principle of the present disclosure is not breaking or melting the electrode leads of the connected battery cells. This is, without changing the existing battery cell to form a mechanically weak structure or a structure that melts at a specified temperature, only the current shut-off battery cell 90 ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection. A major advantage of having no change in battery cell of the battery module is mass production of battery modules or no change in resistance on cell scale.
The present disclosure is not limited to a particular type, number and connection method of the
battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . included in the battery module 100 , but the
battery cells
60 a , 60 b , 60 c , . . . may be, in particular, a pouch-type secondary battery. The present disclosure is not limited to a particular type, number and connection method of the current shut-off battery cell 90 , but the current shut-off battery cell 90 may be also, in particular, a pouch-type secondary battery. Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail by describing an embodiment in which the battery cells of the battery module and the current shut-off battery cell are all pouch-type secondary batteries. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a battery module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a top view of a pouch-type secondary battery as a unit battery cell included in the battery module of FIG. 4 . FIG. 6 is a top view of a current shut-off battery cell included in the battery module of FIG. 4 .
FIG. 4 shows the battery module 1000 including, for example, a plurality of
battery cells
200 a , 200 b , 200 c , . . . electrically connected in series. As shown in FIG. 5 , each of the plurality of
battery cells
200 a , 200 b , 200 c , . . . is a pouch-type secondary battery 200 and has the same structure.
Referring to FIG. 5 , the pouch-type secondary battery 200 includes an electrode assembly 210 and an electrolyte solution received in a pouch case 230 that is hermetically sealed. The pouch case 230 having the electrode assembly 210 and the electrolyte solution received therein is hermetically sealed, and to protect them from the outside, may include a metal layer, an outer resin layer and an inner resin layer.
One end of a positive electrode lead 240 and a negative electrode lead 250 formed in the shape of a plate is each coupled to two ends of the electrode assembly 210 , and the other end is each exposed outside of the pouch case 230 . One end of the positive electrode lead 240 is electrically connected to the positive electrode plate of the electrode assembly 210 , and one end of the negative electrode lead 250 is electrically connected to the negative electrode plate of the electrode assembly 210 . The other end of the electrode leads 240 , 250 exposed outside of the pouch case 230 is used to electrically connect many pouch-type secondary batteries as shown in FIG. 4 .
A lead film 260 is interposed between the pouch case 230 and the electrode leads 240 , 250 . The lead film 260 is provided to further improve the adhesion between the pouch case 230 and the electrode leads 240 , 250 . The lead film 260 may prevent a short from occurring between the electrode leads 240 , 250 and the metal layer of the pouch case 230 , and improve the sealability of the pouch case 230 . In thermal welding of the metal electrode leads 240 , 250 to the polymer pouch case 230 , the contact resistance is somewhat large, reducing the surface adhesive strength. However, as in the above-described embodiment, with the lead film 260 , this adhesion reduction phenomenon may be prevented. Additionally, the lead film 260 is made of an insulating material which desirably, may shut off the current applied from the electrode leads 240 , 250 to the pouch case 230 . The lead film 260 is formed from a film having insulating and thermally weldable properties. For example, the lead film 260 may be formed of a material layer (a single film or a multi-film) of at least one selected from polyimide (PI), polypropylene, polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
The electrode assembly 210 is an assembly of unit cells, each unit cell having a structure in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are arranged with a separator interposed between. The unit cells may be simply stacked, may be stacked and folded, or may be manufactured into a jellyroll type electrode assembly. Methods of manufacturing many types of electrode assemblies are widely known and its detailed description is omitted herein. For example, the electrode assembly 210 may be a stack of a negative electrode plate, a separator and a positive electrode plate. The electrode assembly 210 may be a monocell type including negative electrode plate/separator/positive electrode plate, or a bicell type including negative electrode plate/separator/positive electrode plate/separator/negative electrode plate or positive electrode plate/separator/negative electrode plate/separator/positive electrode plate. Although this embodiment cites a bidirectional battery having the positive electrode lead 240 and the negative electrode lead 250 drawn in opposite directions from the pouch case 230 , a unidirectional battery embodiment in which both the positive electrode lead 240 and the negative electrode lead 250 are drawn in one direction from the pouch case 230 is not excluded.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 together, the battery cells
200 a , 200 b are stacked such that the electrode leads extend from two ends and have the opposite polarities, for example, the positive electrode lead 240 a of the battery cell 200 a is placed in parallel to the negative electrode lead 250 b of the battery cell 200 b . This is, many battery cells are stacked in an alternating manner such that electrode leads placed in parallel have the opposite polarities. There may be many methods of connecting the
battery cells
200 a , 200 b , 200 c , . . . in series, and FIG. 4 shows that the other ends of the electrode leads 240 a , 250 b are bent left or right to provide flat contact surfaces, and they are connected by welding with an overlap between. This is, in FIG. 4 , the lead connected part B described in FIG. 3 is formed by bending and connecting the battery cell electrode leads 240 a , 250 b , and the
battery cell
CLAIMS
Claims ( 18 )
What is claimed is:
1. A battery module comprising:
two or more battery cells, including a first battery cell and a second battery cell; and
a current shut-off battery cell providing an electrical connection between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the current shut-off battery cell having a case,
wherein, when overcharge occurs, the case of the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection,
wherein each of the first battery cell and a second battery cell have a first electrode lead with a bent part, and
wherein the current shut-off battery cell is smaller or thinner than either of the first battery cell and the second battery cell so that the current shut-off battery cell is disposed between the bent parts of each first electrode lead while not affecting a distance between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
2. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is a pouch-type secondary battery having a second electrode and an electrode assembly having two ends, the two ends respectively connected to a first end of the first electrode lead and a first end of the second electrode lead,
wherein each electrode assembly is received in a case together with an electrolyte solution and the case is hermetically sealed, and
wherein a second end of each electrode lead is exposed outside of the case.
3. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the first battery cell and the current shut-off battery cell are connected in series, and the current shut-off battery cell and the second battery cell are connected in series.
4. The battery module according to claim 2 , wherein the first electrode lead of the first battery cell and the first electrode lead of the second battery cell are connected to each other by electrode leads of the current shut-off battery cell.
5. The battery module according to claim 4 , wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell are stacked in an alternating manner in a stack direction such that each alternating electrode lead has opposite polarities, and the second end of the first electrode lead of the first battery cell and the second end of the first electrode lead of the second battery cell are bent facing each other along the stack direction, and the current shut-off battery cell is placed in parallel to the stack direction.
6. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein an electrode assembly of the current shut-off battery cell has a stack of a negative electrode plate, a separator and a positive electrode plate, wherein the positive electrode plate includes:
a positive electrode current collector; and
a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector,
wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a gas generating material, a conductive material and a binder.
7. The battery module according to claim 6 , wherein the gas generating material is one selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) and lithium oxalate, or mixtures thereof.
8. The battery module according to claim 6 , wherein the gas generating material is included in the positive electrode plate in an amount of 0.1 to 20 weight % based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material and the gas generating material.
9. The battery module according to claim 6 , wherein the gas generating material is bonded and immobilized by the binder, and pores are formed by voids in the gas generating material.
10. The battery module according to claim 6 , wherein the positive electrode active material and the gas generating material are blended together.
11. The battery module according to claim 6 , wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes a primer layer and an active material coating layer,
wherein the primer layer includes the gas generating material, the conductive material and the binder, and
wherein the active material coating layer includes the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder.
12. The battery module according to claim 11 , wherein the gas generating material is present in an amount of 90 to 99.9 weight % of solids in the primer layer.
13. The battery module according to claim 2 , wherein the first electrode lead of the first battery cell or the first electrode lead of the second battery cell is made of a bimetal,
wherein the bimetal has a stack of a first metal having a high coefficient of thermal expansion and a second metal having a low coefficient of thermal expansion,
the first metal having a high coefficient of thermal expansion is coupled with the electrode lead of the current shut-off battery cell, and
an end of the first metal having a high coefficient of thermal expansion is adhered to the case of the current shut-off battery cell by an adhesive element.
14. A battery pack comprising:
at least one battery module according to claim 1 ; and
a pack case which houses the at least one battery module.
15. A vehicle comprising:
at least one battery pack according to claim 14 .
16. A battery module comprising:
two or more battery cells, including a first battery cell and a second battery cell; and
a current shut-off battery cell providing an electrical connection between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the current shut-off battery cell having a case,
wherein, when overcharge occurs, the case of the current shut-off battery cell ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection,
wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell are stacked in a lateral direction, and
wherein the current shut-off battery cell is located above the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
17. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell each have a positive terminal and a negative terminal extending from a case and spaced apart in a first direction, and
wherein the current shut-off battery cell has a positive terminal and a negative terminal extending from the case of the current shut-off battery cell spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
18. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is drawn from the first battery cell at a point a first distance from where the first electrode lead is drawn from the second battery cell, and
wherein a largest dimension of the current shut-off battery cell is less than the first distance.
US16/603,132
2017-11-23
2018-10-08
Battery module having improved safety, battery pack including battery module, and vehicle including battery pack
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( en )
2017-11-23
2018-08-24
Battery module with improved safety, battery pack comprising the battery module and vehicle comprising the same
PCT/KR2018/011834
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2018-10-08
Battery module having improved safety, battery pack including battery module, and vehicle including battery pack
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Battery module having improved safety, battery pack including battery module, and vehicle including battery pack
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2025-11-26
CN110521025B
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EP3627592A1
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2020-03-25
CN110521025A
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2019-11-29
KR102264906B1
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2021-06-14
ES3057342T3
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2026-02-27
JP7037012B2
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2022-03-16
US20200127337A1
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2020-04-23
JP2020520063A
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2020-07-02
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2020-08-26
KR20190059831A
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2019-05-31
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