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Secondary battery module, battery information management device, battery … — Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. (US9397374B2)

Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. · Google Patents

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patent, google patents, intellectual property, US9397374B2, Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd., Shuko Yamauchi, en, 2016

ABSTRACT

Abstract

A secondary battery module includes a battery information storage unit for storing electric characteristic information and usage history information of the secondary battery module. A battery information management device and a terminal device respectively include interfaces to be connected to the secondary battery module. The battery information management device is provided with a battery information database. The battery information management device is connected to the terminal device through a communications network. In this way, battery information stored in the battery information storage unit, which is acquired by the battery information management device and the terminal device, is accumulated in the battery information database. Moreover, the battery information management device grades the secondary battery module for reuse based on the battery information and a predetermined threshold.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/756,769, filed Apr. 6, 2010, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/598,663, filed Nov. 14, 2006, which claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-329200, filed Nov. 14, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a secondary battery module, a battery information management device, a battery information management system, a secondary battery reuse system, a secondary battery recovery and sales system, a secondary battery reuse method, and a secondary battery recovery and sales method, which are suitable for a vehicle or an industrial application.

2. Description of the Related Art

Global environmental issues are currently becoming major concerns and zero-emission techniques and recycle techniques are drawing attentions. In particular, the way how to recycle a rechargeable battery that contains heavy metal such as nickel or lead is a major problem among the environmental issues. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide emissions-reduction has been urged in every place to prevent global warming, and substitution of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or pure electric vehicles (PEVs) for gasoline-engine-driven vehicles that are major sources of carbon dioxide emissions has begun.

As of now, large-sized secondary batteries including a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lead-acid battery and a lithium secondary battery are used as electric sources for driving hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicles. Meanwhile, in the case of using a next-generation hydrogen fuel cell battery as a main power source, it is likely that the secondary batteries such as the nickel-metal hydride battery or the lithium battery will be used as auxiliary power. Accordingly, a demand for the large-sized secondary batteries is expected to increase in the future, and concurrently, a quantity of secondary batteries that become unrechargeable and are disposed of is also expected to increase rapidly. Therefore, construction of a secondary battery recycle system is an urgent issue.

In this specification, batteries that are capable of charging and discharging electricity for multiple times will be generically referred to as âsecondary batteries.â In this case, the secondary batteries may also include capacitor (condenser) type electric devices such as electric double layer capacitors. To be more precise, the secondary batteries include what is termed as âsecondary batteriesâ such as the lead-acid battery, the nickel-metal hydride battery, the lithium-ion battery, the lithium secondary battery and a nickel cadmium battery, and capacitor-type electrochemical devices such as an aqueous electric double layer capacitor and a nonaqueous electric double layer capacitor. Moreover, in this specification, the lithium secondary battery means a battery which is not only dischargeable but also chargeable by use of Li ions. The lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-ion battery composed of a cathode active material and an anode active material which allow insertion and desorption of Li ions and an electrolyte containing Li ions.

The large-sized secondary battery as represented by an electric source for driving a hybrid electric vehicle or a pure electric vehicle is required to have a high output or a high capacity. Accordingly, the number of cell series increases inside a battery module that constitutes such a secondary battery. The size may become as huge as 15 liters or even more. Table 1 shows some examples of large-sized secondary batteries.

TABLE 1

Lithium

secondary

Nickel-metal

Lead-acid

Electric double

battery

hydride battery

battery

layer capacitor

Cell voltage

3.6

7.2

2.7

(V)

Assembled

173

201

battery voltage

(V)

Capacity

5 (Ah)

6.5 (Ah)

83 (Ah)

65 (F)

Size (dm 3 )

22.5

132

5.6

Weight (kg)

226

6.6

Energy (Wh)

865

1306

1992

Energy density

43.3

25.6

8.8

8.0

(Wh/kg)

These batteries require high performances in lifetime as well as output, and therefore consume large amounts of high-functional and expensive materials. Accordingly, there is a strong demand, in particular for reduction in product prices, and moreover, for reduction in disposal quantity with regard to large-sized secondary batteries in particular to reduce product prices, and moreover, to reduce disposal quantity. In other words, to reduce product prices of secondary batteries and to make effective use of resources, it is vital to establish techniques for making effective use of secondary batteries, including a recycling technique, for example.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-126669 (Paragraphs 0073 to 0126, FIGS. 1 to 7) discloses an example of a recycling support system by means of leasing industrial lead-acid batteries and car batteries (which are also lead-acid batteries). According to Patent Document 1, a battery manufacturer leases car batteries to car owners, and monitors conditions and usage of the leased car batteries by use of various sensors. Here, the information obtained from these sensors is gathered to a management center by use of user terminals such as car navigation devices. Then, the management center manages the conditions and usage of the car batteries individually by use of a database to predict the lifetime with a battery information analyzer and to recover the car batteries having little time to end. Meanwhile, the recovered batteries are separated into recyclable materials and wastes, and the recyclable materials are allegedly used again as the materials for car batteries by battery manufacturers. This system is supposed to be able to achieve a proper and reliable process for recycling or disposal of car batteries.

Meanwhile, only small-sized consumer batteries are recycled in the case of high-performance secondary batteries such as nickel cadmium batteries or in the case of capacitor systems and a full-scale recycle system has not been established yet in light of large-sized industrial secondary batteries of these types. In fact, the only secondary batteries that apply high-performance materials and are recycled into electrode materials are nickel cadmium batteries and lead-acid batteries. On the contrary, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries are merely used as raw materials of stainless steel products, magnets, and the like, and there is no technique for recycling these batteries as battery materials.

If hybrid electric vehicles and the like are made public and circulation of large-sized secondary batteries increases in the market in the above-mentioned situation where techniques for recycling secondary batteries have yet to be established, the disposal quantity of such large-sized secondary batteries will presumably become enormous. This is because of larger amounts and tremendously larger usage of materials of such large-sized secondary batteries in comparison with consumer products.

Reuse of the secondary batteries is an option to reduce the disposal quantity of the large-sized secondary batteries and to make effective use thereof. For example, only the reuse within the same system has been put into practice as seen in replacement of batteries with re-built products in hybrid electric vehicles. Nevertheless, battery manufacturers have prohibited to diverse applications of these batteries to those different from the original application. This is because it is not possible to ensure performances and safeties of the batteries when origins and usage histories thereof were uncertain.

Incidentally, a secondary battery, or a large-sized secondary battery for a vehicle use in particular, is often provided with a battery controller. The battery controller computes battery conditions for estimating a remaining battery level or exploiting the battery performance efficiently. Here, a host system is configured to control charging and discharging of the battery based on the information obtained by computing the battery conditions. In this specification, such a secondary battery and a battery controller for controlling operations of the secondary battery will be generically referred to as a âsecondary battery system.â Meanwhile, a secondary battery manufactured in a way that multiple cells are contained into a given case so as to satisfy predetermined electrical specifications will be referred to as a âsecondary battery module.â In other words, the secondary battery system is assumed to be composed of one or more secondary battery modules and the battery controller for controlling the secondary battery modules.

At this time, the battery controller includes a nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory. This nonvolatile memory stores electrical characteristic information and usage condition of each of the secondary battery modules to be controlled by the battery controller. Such information and condition include, namely, rated or initial capacity, resistance, range of voltage value where the battery is usable, range of current value, available power value, open-circuit voltage and the like. Moreover, programs including a remaining amount estimation computing program and an anomaly diagnostic program are also stored therein. In addition, anomaly flags by the diagnostic program, actual resistances of the batteries, and usage history information such as capacities, change rates, maximum and minimum operating voltages, and operating time of the batteries may be stored for the purpose of countermeasures in case of troubles, for example. That is, the battery controller normally retains the electrical characteristic information on the secondary battery modules subject to control, the control programs, the usage history information and the like.

Moreover, in the case of replacing or detaching the secondary battery system, the secondary battery system is generally disassembled into the individual secondary battery modules and the battery controller. When the secondary battery system is disassembled into the pieces, it is possible to read out the information on the anomaly flags for the batteries, which are stored in the nonvolatile memory of the battery controller, for example. However, links of that information with the secondary battery modules are hardly maintained once if the secondary battery system is disassembled. Moreover, the information on the electrical characteristics of the battery modules is lost simultaneously with the disassembly of the system because the information is conventionally stored in the controller unit. For these reasons, it is difficult to reuse the secondary battery modules after the disassembly.

As described above, in the conventional case, for example, of the lead-acid battery recycling support system disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-126669, lead-acid batteries are disassembled or destroyed once after used, and only useful components or constituent materials are reused. In other words, the document contains the description concerning the technique for crushing and recycling used lead-acid batteries for vehicles and the like. However, the application of that technique is limited to lead-acid batteries and the document does not disclose any technique to reuse large-sized secondary batteries in general.

Moreover, the information including the electrical characteristic information, the usage conditions, and usage histories is essential to reuse secondary batteries. However, a secondary battery reuse system in which the information is utilized has yet to be realized. In the case of attempting to realize such a reuse system in the current technique, there is an obstacle when the secondary battery system is disassembled. That is, a correlation between the secondary battery modules with the information stored in the nonvolatile memory of the secondary battery system, such as the electrical characteristic information, the usage conditions or the usage histories are lost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

<div id="p-0021" num="0020" class=

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

2. Description of the Related Art

TABLE 1

Lithium

secondary

Nickel-metal

Lead-acid

Electric double

battery

hydride battery

battery

layer capacitor

Cell voltage

3.6

7.2

2.7

(V)

Assembled

173

201

battery voltage

(V)

Capacity

5 (Ah)

6.5 (Ah)

83 (Ah)

65 (F)

Size (dm 3 )

22.5

132

5.6

Weight (kg)

226

6.6

Energy (Wh)

865

1306

1992

Energy density

43.3

25.6

8.8

8.0

(Wh/kg)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-described problems of the related art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a secondary battery module which is capable of avoiding a loss of electrical characteristic information or usage history information on the secondary battery module included in a secondary battery system even when the secondary battery system is disassembled. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a battery information management device and a battery information management system for smoothly and efficiently reusing the secondary battery module. Accordingly, a lower-cost and environmental cycling battery reuse system is realized, in which a large-sized secondary battery module is utilized.

To achieve the object, the secondary battery module of the present invention includes battery information storage means for storing at least one of electrical characteristic information and usage history information on the secondary battery module, and interface means for connecting the battery information storage means to a battery controller for controlling an operation of the secondary battery module.

Meanwhile, a battery information management device of the present invention includes interface means to be connected to the secondary battery module. Here, battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module is read out by use of the interface means. The second battery module is then graded for reuse based on at least one threshold separately predetermined for the battery information and the battery information which is read out. Moreover, the battery information management device of the present invention includes a battery information database for accumulating the battery information on the secondary battery module read out by the interface means.

Moreover, in the battery information management system of the present invention, the battery information management device is connected to a terminal device through a communications network. The terminal device reads out the battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module. The battery information management device then receives transmission of the battery information read out from the secondary battery module by the terminal device. The battery information management device accumulates the battery information in the battery information database.

It is assumed that allowable limits (thresholds) of performances of secondary battery modules respectively for prescribed applications to first and second systems in each of which the secondary battery module is used are defined as L 1 and L 2 satisfying L 2 >L 1 (provided that the allowable limits herein represent lower limits and the inequality sign is reversed when the allowable limits represent upper limits). The reuse system is configured to apply the secondary battery module used in the first system to the second system having the allowable limit L 2 when a performance of the secondary battery module attains the allowable limit L 1 . Moreover, the reuse system applies the secondary battery module used in the second system to a third system having an allowable limit L 3 (L 3 >L 2 ) when the performance of the secondary battery module attains the allowable limit L 2 . Hereinafter, the secondary battery module is repeatedly applied in the same manner.

According to the secondary battery module of the present invention, the electrical characteristic information or the usage history information on the secondary battery module is stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module instead of the battery controller. Accordingly, even if the secondary battery system is disassembled for reusing the secondary battery module so that the secondary battery module is separated from the battery controller, it is possible to prevent the loss of the electrical characteristic information or the usage history information on the secondary battery module. As a consequence, this makes it possible to reuse the secondary battery module.

Moreover, according to the battery information management device and the battery information management system of the present invention, the secondary battery module obtained by the disassembly is connected to the battery information management device or the terminal device. Accordingly, the electrical characteristic information or the usage history information on the secondary battery module, which is stored in the storage means thereof, is read out and the secondary battery module is graded for reuse. The information is then accumulated in the battery information database. The battery information database is accessible from everywhere through the communications network and the terminal device. Accordingly, it is possible to reuse the secondary battery module smoothly and efficiently.

Furthermore, a large-sized secondary battery can be repeatedly reused by means of the secondary battery reuse system or a secondary battery recovery and sales system of the present invention. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the disposal amount of the secondary batteries, and also to reduce prices for such secondary batteries.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a secondary battery module which is capable of avoiding the loss of the electrical characteristic information and the usage history information on the secondary battery module included in a secondary battery system even when the secondary battery system is disassembled. This also makes it possible to reuse the secondary battery module smoothly and efficiently by use of the database accumulating the electrical characteristic information and the usage history information on the secondary battery module, and grading information for reusing the secondary battery module. Moreover, it is possible to effectively use up the inner energy of the battery. Such a configuration can contribute to reduction in the disposal amount of batteries and to reduction in battery costs. It is therefore highly effective for stabilizing prices of large-sized batteries. Since batteries are replaced based on predetermined thresholds, it is possible to simplify maintenances of the batteries and systems in which the batteries are used. It is also possible to control the batteries depending on variation in the battery performances associated with the use thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of an aspect of secondary battery reuse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of an aspect of secondary battery reuse logistics according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a configuration of a secondary battery system in the case of applying the present invention to a system product such as an automobile.

FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a configuration of a secondary battery system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an outline of operations of a battery controller according to the embodiment of the present invention in the form of a processing flow.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of an overall configuration of a battery information management system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing an example of configurations of a battery information management device and a terminal device in the battery information management system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of a processing flow at a time of processing a recovered secondary battery module, in the battery information management device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing an example of a configuration of a secondary battery module according to a second modified example of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing an example of a configuration of a secondary battery module according to a third modified example of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing an example of an overall configuration of a battery information management system according to a sixth modified example of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing an example of a configuration of a household fuel cell system according to a seventh aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Now, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Aspect of Secondary Battery Reuse)

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of an aspect of secondary battery reuse according to an embodiment of the present invention. Generally, a secondary battery can be repeatedly used by charging. However, for example, a chargeable electric capacity is gradually reduced and an internal resistance increases instead when reusing the secondary battery over and over again. In the end, the electric capacity and the internal resistance cannot meet thresholds that are defined in an application system, and the secondary battery would not be used any longer. Conventionally, such a secondary battery no longer used is just disposed of.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , a secondary battery system is repeatedly applied to a certain system A (Step S 11 ). In a case where values of the electrical characteristics and the like of a secondary battery module included in the secondary battery system do not satisfy thresholds required by the system A (No in Step S 12 ), the process is advanced to Step S 13 . For example, in a case where the internal resistance of the secondary battery module becomes higher than a threshold R 1 required by the system A, the secondary battery system is applied to a system B as a reproduced secondary battery system either as it is or after disassembly and reconstruction, the system B having a required threshold R 2 of the internal resistance, which is higher than R 1 , (Step S 13 ).

Similarly, in a case where the values of electrical the characteristics and the like of the secondary battery module included in the recycled secondary battery system do not satisfy thresholds required by the system B (No in Step S 14 ), the process is advanced to Step S 15 . For example, in a case where the internal resistance of the secondary battery module becomes higher than the threshold R 2 required by the system B, the secondary battery system is applied to a system C as a reproduced secondary battery system either as it is or after disassembly and reconstruction, the system C having a required threshold R 3 of the internal resistance, which is higher than R 2 (Step S 15 ).

Moreover, in a case where the values of the electrical characteristics and the like of the secondary battery module included in the recycled secondary battery system do not satisfy thresholds required by the system C (No in Step S 16 ), the process is advanced to Step S 17 . For example, in a case where the internal resistance of the secondary battery module becomes higher than the threshold R 3 required by the system C and there is no applicable system that allows an internal resistance higher than R 3 , the secondary battery will be disposed of (Step S 17 ).

That is, assuming that the thresholds for the internal resistances required respectively by the systems A, B and C are R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , respectively, the secondary battery module is applied to the group of systems in which the required thresholds R for the internal resistances satisfy R 1 <R 2 <R 3 .

As described above, in this embodiment, the secondary battery module is reused depending on the thresholds such as the electrical characteristics required by the application systems. In other words, even when the secondary battery module is no longer applicable to a certain system, the module will be reused in another system for which the module satisfies a limitation of the threshold.

To put it plainly, as shown in FIG. 1 , the secondary battery module is first used in a large-current application (Step S 21 ). When the secondary battery module is no longer usable in the large-current application, the module is then used in a medium-current application (Step S 23 ). When the secondary battery module is no longer usable in the medium-current application, the module is then used in a small-current application (Step S 25 ). In this case, assuming that currents I required for the applications are defined respectively as I 1 for the large-current application, I 2 for the medium-current application, and I 3 for the small-current application, then the currents I satisfy a correlation of I 1 >I 2 >I 3 . Thereafter, the secondary battery module is disposed of when the module is no longer usable in the small-current application (Step S 27 ).

Likewise, the secondary battery module is first used in a large-capacity application (Step S 31 ). When the secondary battery module is no longer usable in the large-capacity application, the module is then used in a medium-capacity application (Step S 33 ). When the secondary battery module is no longer usable in the medium-capacity application, the module is then used in a small-capacity application (Step S 35 ). In this case, assuming that capacities C required for the applications are defined respectively as C 1 for the large-capacity application, C 2 for the medium-capacity application, and C 3 for the small-capacity application, then the capacities C satisfy a correlation of C 1 >C 2 >C 3 . Thereafter, the secondary battery module is disposed of when the module is no longer usable in the small-capacity application (Step S 37 ).

Meanwhile, in any of the steps of disposal (Steps S 17 , S 27 and S 37 ) in FIG. 1 , the secondary battery module which can be disassembled and reconstructed is applied to processes classified into reconstruction, recycling, and final disposal of residue in accordance with predetermined processes by recycling companies.

Although the internal resistances, the currents, and the capacities of the battery are cited as the thresholds for judging the life of the secondary battery in the foregoing explanation, it is to be noted that the thresholds are not limited only to these factors. One or more thresholds may be selected from the factors, which represent the condition of the battery, including operating time of the battery, the resistance of the battery, a resistance changing rate of the battery, the capacity of the battery, a capacity changing rate of the battery, use intensity of the battery, a voltage of the battery, and the like. In this case, an index expressed as R/R 0 (R: a current resistance, R 0 : an initial resistance) is used as the resistance changing rate of the battery, for example. Meanwhile, an index expressed as Q/Q 0 (Q: a current capacity, Q 0 : an initial capacity) is used as the capacity changing rate of the battery, for example. Moreover, an index expressed as Q C /t (Q C : an integrated capacity used in charging and discharging, t: the operating time of the battery), for example. In addition, the number of times of reuse is not limited to twice. The number of times of reuse may be once or more than twice. Furthermore, at the final round of reuse, the battery may be used as a primary battery instead of the secondary battery.

Next, an aspect of secondary battery reuse logistics will be described by use of FIGS. 2 and 3 . Here, FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of an aspect of secondary battery reuse logistics according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a configuration example of a secondary battery system in the case of applying the present invention to a system product such as an automobile.

In FIG. 2 , a battery manufacturer P 1 firstly manufactures cells and a secondary battery module (also referred to as an assembled battery) in which a plurality of the cells are combined. The cell or the secondary battery module thus manufactured is sold to a system manufacturer P 2 such as an automobile manufacturer, for example.

The system manufacturer P 2 constructs a secondary battery system by adding a battery controller to the purchased cells or secondary battery modules, and installs the secondary battery system into a system product such as an automobile, for example. In this case, the battery manufacturer P 1 may manufacture the secondary battery system by adding the battery controller, and sell the secondary battery system to the system manufacturer.

Here, as shown in FIG. 3 , the secondary battery system, for example, a secondary battery system 7 applicable to an automobile is formed by connecting two secondary battery modules 1 in series, and by further incorporating a battery controller 2 for controlling these secondary battery modules 1 . Then, the secondary battery system 7 installed in the system product such as the automobile is controlled by a controller such as a vehicle controller 6 for controlling the entire system when appropriate.

Next, the system product incorporating the secondary battery system 7 is sold to an end user P 3 . The end user P 3 uses the secondary battery system 7 while repeating charging and discharging in the course of operating the system. The battery controller 2 appropriately monitors the predetermined required thresholds for the electrical characteristics and the like, and notifies the system controller such as the vehicle controller 6 of a necessity of battery replacement before any values such as the electrical characteristics attain the required thresholds. The end user P 3 learns the necessity of battery replacement by means of the notification by the system controller, such as an indicator display on a dashboard, and the end user P 3 thus requests a battery maintenance service agency P 4 to perform recovery and replacement of the secondary battery system 7 .

Upon request by the end user P 3 , the battery maintenance service agency P 4 recovers and replaces the secondary battery system 7 . Moreover, the battery maintenance service agency P 4 judges the battery condition and updating battery control characteristic information for optimization by maintenance and repair as appropriate or upon a request from an automobile repair and maintenance shop or the like.

Next, the battery maintenance service agency P 4 disassembles the recovered secondary battery system 7 into the secondary battery modules 1 , and separates the disassembled secondary battery modules 1 for reuse. The separation is conducted based on the thresholds of the secondary battery modules 1 , such as the electrical characteristics. At this time, in this embodiment, the secondary battery module 1 includes storage means for storing information on the electrical characteristics or usage history of the secondary battery module 1 and reading means for reading the information out, which will be described later with reference to FIG. 4 and so forth. Accordingly, the battery maintenance service agency P 4 can separate the secondary battery modules 1 easily by reading the information on the electrical characteristics or the usage history thereof.

At this time, the information on the electrical characteristics and the usage history includes multiple pieces of information selected out of anomaly flag information on overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent or the like, a maximum operating voltage, a minimum operating voltage, a voltage range where the battery is operated, the operating time of the battery, the present resistance value of the battery, the capacity, the resistance changing rate, the capacity changing rate, a maximum operating temperature, a minimum operating temperature, integrated current usage, the use intensity V int of the battery, and the like. Here, assuming that the integrated current usage is Î£I, that the operating time is t, and that an average used voltage is V av , then the use intensity V int of the battery is given by the following formula:

V int =(Î£ I )/ t or V int =(Î£ I )/ V av

The battery maintenance service agency P 4 reads the information on the electrical characteristics or the usage history of the secondary battery module 1 , which is stored in the storage means of the secondary battery module 1 . The battery maintenance service agency P 4 then compares the information with thresholds for other applications, which are prepared in advance (P 41 ). That is, it is possible to separate or grade the used secondary battery module 1 by use of the thresholds for other applications. The secondary battery module 1 judged as reusable by the separation or grading is delivered to the battery manufacturer P 1 . Subsequently, the battery manufacturer P 1 resells the delivered secondary battery module 1 to the system manufacturer P 2 as appropriate depending on classifications as a result of the separation or on the grade.

Meanwhile, the secondary battery module 1 which is judged as not suitable for a recharging application in the module as a result of the separation or grading is discharged as a primary battery application, and is further disassembled into the cell level (P 5 ). Then, the disassembled cells are discharged either as a secondary battery application or a primary battery application, and are then delivered to a waste disposer P 6 . The waste disposer P 6 crushes and separates the delivered used cells and dispose of the waste separately as recyclable materials and waste residue.

(Configuration of Secondary Battery System)

FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a configuration of the secondary battery system according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 already, the secondary battery system 7 includes the secondary battery modules 1 and the batter controller 2 . FIG. 4 shows the configuration in which the single secondary battery module 1 is connected to the single battery controller 2 in series. However, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which multiple secondary battery modules 1 are connected to the single battery controller 2 in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the secondary battery module 1 includes an assembled battery unit 11 , battery electrode terminals

12 and 13 , a sensor 14 , a battery information storage unit 17 , a battery information read/write (R/W) control unit 16 , a battery information R/ W terminal 15 . The assembled battery unit 11 is configured by connecting multiple cells together in series, in parallel or in series-parallel. The battery electrode terminals

12 and 13 are connected respectively to electrodes located at both ends of the assembled battery unit 11 . The sensor 14 includes a temperature sensor or the like. The battery information storage unit 17 stores the information on the electrical characteristics or the usage history of a battery of the secondary battery module. The battery information read/write (R/W) control unit 16 controls reading and writing of the information stored in the battery information storage unit 17 . The battery information R/ W terminal 15 connects the battery information R/ W control unit 16 to the battery controller 2 .

Here, the battery information storage unit 17 is typically formed of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory such as a flash memory, and retains the stored information even in a case where no power voltage is supplied thereto. Meanwhile, the battery information R/ W control unit 16 includes a memory control circuit (not shown) and a communications interface circuit (not shown). The memory control circuit is configured to control reading and writing the information from and into the battery information storage unit 17 . The communications interface circuit is configured to communicate with the battery controller 2 through the battery information R/ W terminal 15 . The communications interface circuit in this case may include a serial communications interface circuit such as RS-232C, Local Interconnect Network (LIN) or Universal Serial Bus (USB).

Here, the battery information to be stored in the battery information storage unit 17 may include: an initial capacity; an initial resistance; a chargeable and dischargeable current values; a power value; a voltage range where the battery is to be operated; present values of capacity, of resistance, of resistance changing rate, and of capacity changing rate; the history information on the current values when discharge or recharge has taken place, on the voltage range where the battery has been operated, and on the operating time of the battery; the anomaly flag information on overcharge, overdischarge and so forth; the use intensity of the battery; and the like.

Meanwhile, the battery controller 2 includes a battery control unit 21 , a sensor measurement unit 22 , a host system communications unit 23 and a battery module communications unit 24 . The battery control unit 21 controls the operations of the battery. The sensor measurement unit 22 is connected to the sensor 14 , the battery electrode terminals

12 and 13 , and the like for measuring signal levels thereof. The host <figure-callout id="23" label="system communications unit" filenames="US09397374-20160719-D00000

CLAIMS

Claims ( 25 )

What is claimed is:

1. A battery information management device connected to a secondary battery module including battery information storage means for storing at least one of electrical characteristic information and usage history information of the secondary battery module as battery information, the battery information management device comprising:

information processing means including at least a central processing unit and a memory;

output means for outputting a result of information processing by the information processing means; and

interface means for connecting the secondary battery module to the information processing means, wherein

the information processing means reads the battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module by use of the interface means,

the information processing means grades the secondary battery module for reuse based on at least one threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information and the battery information which is read out,

the information processing means outputs grading information obtained as a result of the grading to the output means, and

the battery information comprises history information including at least one of rated or initial capacity, resistance, range of voltage, range of current, available power, or open circuit voltage.

2. The battery information management device according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a battery information database for accumulating the battery information read out by the interface means while associating the battery information with identification information on the secondary battery module outputting the battery information.

3. The battery information management device according to claim 2 , wherein

the battery Information database further accumulates the grading information while associating the grading information with the identification information on the secondary battery module.

4. The battery information management device according to claim 1 , wherein

the information processing means further performs a predetermined encoding process on information to be written into the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module, and performs a predetermined decoding process on the information read out of the battery information storage means.

5. A battery information management system comprising:

a battery information management device, which is connected to a secondary battery module including battery information storage means for storing at least one of electrical characteristic information and usage history information on the secondary battery module as battery information, the battery information management device including processing means which reads the battery information stored in the battery information storage means, and which includes a battery information database for accumulating the battery information thus read out while associating the battery information with identification information on the secondary battery module retaining the battery information;

a terminal device, which is connected to the secondary battery module, which reads the battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module, and which transmits the battery information thus read out and the identification information on the secondary battery module to the battery information management device;

a communications network mutually connecting the battery information management device with the terminal device, wherein

the battery information management device registers the battery information transmitted from the terminal device and the identification information on the secondary battery module retaining the battery information in the battery information database while associating the battery information with the identification information,

the battery information comprises history information including at least one of rated or initial capacity, resistance, range of voltage, range of current, available power, or open circuit voltage, and

the battery information management device further grades the secondary battery module for reuse based on at least one threshold predetermined with respect to each piece of the battery information and the battery information which is read out, when reading the battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module or when reading the battery information registered in the battery information database.

6. The battery information management system according to claim 5 , wherein

the battery information management device further registers grading information obtained as a result of the grading in the battery information database while associating the grading information with the secondary battery module.

7. The battery information management system according to claim 5 , wherein

a host system for a secondary battery including the secondary battery module is further connected to the communications network, and

the host system for the secondary battery transmits the battery information stored in the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module to the battery information management device through the communications network.

8. A secondary battery reuse system for reusing a secondary battery module of a secondary battery system configured by including at least one secondary battery module, the secondary battery reuse system comprising:

battery information acquiring means including an information processing means for acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery system, the battery information comprises history information including at least one of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of each of the secondary battery modules included in the secondary battery system;

threshold attainment judging means for judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information; and

grading means for recovering the secondary battery module and grading of the recovered secondary battery module according to a battery performance based on the battery information on the recovered secondary battery module, when the threshold attainment judging means judges that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold, wherein

the recovered secondary battery module is applied to a system having threshold conditions, under which the recovered secondary battery module is operable with the battery performance at a point of the recovery, based on a result of the grading by the grading means.

9. The secondary battery reuse system according to claim 8 , wherein

each of the secondary battery modules includes battery information storage means for storing at least one piece of the battery information comprising history information including at least one of the resistance, the rated or initial capacity, the range of voltage, the range of current, the available power, or the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module, and

the battery information acquiring means acquires the battery information by reading the battery information out of the battery information storage means of each of the secondary battery modules.

10. A secondary battery reuse system for reusing a chargeable and dischargeable cell of a secondary battery module configured by including at least one cell, the secondary battery reuse system comprising:

battery information acquiring means including an information processing means for acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery module, the battery information comprising history information including at least one of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module;

threshold attainment judging means for judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information; and

performance evaluating means for recovering the secondary battery module, disassembling the secondary battery module into the cells, and evaluating a performance of each of the disassembled cells, when the threshold attainment judging means judges that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold, wherein

each of the evaluated cells is applied to an application at a voltage and a current, in which the evaluated cell is operable with the battery performance, based on a result of the evaluation.

11. A secondary battery recovery and sales system for recovering and selling a secondary battery module of a secondary battery system configured by including at least one of secondary battery modules, the secondary battery recovery and sales system comprising:

battery information acquiring means including an information processing means for acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery system, the battery information comprising history information including at least one a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of each of the secondary battery modules included in the secondary battery system;

threshold attainment judging means for judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information; and

application system storage means for storing a list of application systems for a secondary battery and at least one threshold condition selected from the group consisting of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module, for establishing an operation of each of the application systems, wherein

the secondary battery is recovered when the threshold attainment judging means judges that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold,

the recovered secondary battery is applied to grading based on the battery information on the recovered secondary battery module, and

the recovered secondary module is sold to a manufacturer of a system having the threshold conditions, under which the recovered secondary module is operable with a battery performance at a point of the recovery, with reference to the application system storage means based on a result of the grading.

12. The secondary battery recovery and sales system according to claim 11 , wherein

each of the secondary battery modules includes battery information storage means for storing at least one piece of the battery information comprising history information including at least one of the resistance, the rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, or an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module, and

the battery information acquiring means acquires the battery information by reading the battery information out of the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module.

13. A secondary battery reuse method of reusing a secondary battery module of a secondary battery system configured by including at least one secondary battery module, the method comprising the steps of:

acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery system, the battery information comprising history information including at least one of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of each of the secondary battery modules included in the secondary battery system;

judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information;

recovering the secondary battery module when it is judged that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold in the judging step;

grading the recovered secondary battery module according to a battery performance based on the battery information on the recovered secondary battery module; and

applying the recovered secondary battery module to a system having threshold conditions, under which the secondary battery module is operable with the battery performance at a point of the recovery, based on a result of the grading by the grading means.

14. The secondary battery reuse method according to claim 13 , wherein

the battery information is acquired by reading the battery information out of the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module in the acquiring step.

15. A secondary battery reuse method of reusing a chargeable and dischargeable cell of a secondary battery module configured by including at least one cell, the secondary battery reuse method comprising the steps of:

acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery module, the battery information comprising history information including at least one of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module;

judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information;

recovering the secondary battery module when it is judged that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold in the judging step;

disassembling the secondary battery module into the cells and evaluating a performance of each of the disassembled cells; and

applying each of the evaluated cells to an application operable at a voltage and a current, in which the evaluated cell is operable with the battery performance, based on a result of the evaluation.

16. A secondary battery recovery and sales method of recovering and selling a secondary battery module of a secondary battery system configured by including at least one secondary battery module, the secondary battery recovery and sales method comprising:

application system storage means storing a list of application systems for a secondary battery and at least one threshold condition comprising history information including at least one of a resistance, a rated or initial capacity, a range of voltage, a range of current, an available power, or an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module establishing an operation of each of the application systems in advance; the secondary battery recovery and sales method further comprising the steps of:

acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery system, the battery information comprising history information including at least one of the resistance, the rated or initial capacity, the range of voltage, the range of current, the available power, or the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module included in the secondary battery system;

judging whether or not the acquired battery information attains a threshold predetermined with respect to the battery information;

recovering the secondary battery module when it is judged that any one piece of the battery information on the secondary battery module attains the threshold in the judging step;

grading the recovered secondary battery module based on the battery information on the recovered secondary battery module; and

selling the recovered secondary battery module to a manufacturer of a system having the threshold condition, under which the recovered secondary battery module is operable with a battery performance at a point of the recovery, with reference to the application system storage means based on a result of the grading.

17. The secondary battery recovery and sales method according to claim 16 , wherein

the secondary battery module includes battery information storage means for storing at least one piece of the battery information comprising history information including at least one of the resistance, the rated or initial capacity, the range of voltage, the range of current, the available power, or the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery module, and

the battery information is acquired by reading the battery information out of the battery information storage means of the secondary battery module in the acquiring step.

18. The battery information management device according to claim 1 , wherein

the battery information management device and the secondary battery module are configured to be separable.

19. The battery information management system according to claim 5 , wherein

the battery information management device and the secondary battery module are configured to be separable.

20. The secondary battery reuse system according to claim 8 , wherein

the battery information acquiring means and the secondary battery system are configured to be separable.

21. The secondary battery reuse system according to claim 10 , wherein

the battery information acquiring means and the secondary battery module are configured to be separable.

22. The secondary battery recovery and sales system according to claim 11 , wherein

the battery information acquiring means and the secondary battery system are configured to be separable.

23. The secondary battery reuse method according to claim 13 , wherein

the acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery system comprises acquiring, by an information processing means, at least one piece of battery information from a battery information storage means of the secondary battery system, and

the information processing means and the battery information storage means are configured to be separable.

24. The secondary battery reuse method according to claim 15 , wherein

the acquiring at least one piece of battery information from the secondary battery module comprises acquiring, by an information processing means, at least one piece of battery information from a battery information storage means of the secondary battery module, and

the information processing means and the battery information storage means are configured to be separable.

25. The secondary battery recovery and sales method according to claim 16 , wherein

the information processing means and the battery information storage means are configured to be separable.

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Secondary battery module, battery information management device, battery information management system, secondary battery reuse system, secondary battery recovery and sales system, secondary battery reuse method, and secondary battery recovery and sales method

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