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A practical medical dictionary ..

STEDMAN'S

MEDICAL

DICTIONARY

Cornell University Library

The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.

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CORNELL UNIVERSHY LIBRARY

3 1924 052 393 315

A PRACTICAL

MEDICAL DICTIOMET

Of Words tjsed in Medicine with Their Derivation and Pronunciation, Including Dental, Veterinary, Chemical, Botanical, Electrical, Life Insurance and Other Special Terms; Anatomical Tables of the , Titles in General Use, and Those Sanctioned by the Basle Anatomical Convention; Pharmaceutical Prepara- tions, Official in the U. S. and British Phar- macopceias and contained in the national Formulary; Chemical and Therapeu- tic Information as to Mineral Springs of America and Europe, and Compre- hensive Lists op Synonyms

BY

THOMAS LATHROP STEDMAN, A. M., M. D.

EDITOR OP THE "TWENTIETH CENTUKT PRACTICE OP MEDICINE",

OF THE "reference HANDBOOK OP THE MEDICAL SCIENCES ",

AND OP THE "medical RECORD "

Sfxtb, 1Revl6cO JEOitlon

ILLUSTRATED

NEW YORK

WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY

MDCCCCXX

Copyright, 1920 By WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY

The use in this volume of certain portions of the text oE the United States Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permissioD received from the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The said Board of Trustees is not responsible for any inaccuracy of quotation nor for any errors in the statement of quantities or percentage strengths.

Permission to use for comment parts of the text of the National Formu- lary, Fourth Edition, in this volume has been granted by the Committee on Publication by authority of the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association.

TKZI MAFXtK PXSISB TOKK VJL

PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION

The first edition of this work appeared in the spring of 191 1, the second in the autumn of 19 12, and since that time a new edition has been called for every second year. The kind reception which the medical public has given to the book has been most gratifjHing and has given the editor courage to persevere in the truly Sisyphean task of a continuous revision, one edition being no sooner published than the collection of new words and new uses of old words begins anew. Although every effort has been made to keep the size of the volume within the limits of the previous editions, the great number of new words and new definitions has necessitated an increase of twenty pages. For this the editor has no apology to offer, for the new matter is good matter and has been added in the interest of those who consult the dictionary.

PREFACE

John Hunter once said, "of all things on the face of the earth definitions are the most accursed." Another acute observer, long before the day of the professional critic, exclaimed from the fulness of his vengeful heart, "Oh, that mine enemy would write a book!" Mindful of these sayings and well aware that many may think the lexicological needs of the medical reader are already met, I have nevertheless, for several years, devoted the spare hours of a busy life to the making of a new medical dictionary. In explanation of such temerity, and by way of apology, I may be permitted to give my reasons for undertaking the labor, by noting the special features which a long editorial experience, a personal desire for special information, and the queries of many correspondents have led me to believe are desirable in a work of this nature.

The vocabulary of science is founded mainly upon the Greek and to a lesser extent upon the Latin, but has in any case a Latin form, and this unfor- tunate conjunction has resulted in many barbaric and cacophonic mixtures, painful to the ear and vexatious to the spirit of any one with a sense of linguistic fitness. If it were possible, a moulding of the language of medicine on pure Greek or Latin forms were most desirable, but the speech of man is wilful and cannot be coerced; at most an attempt can be made to guide it, or to point out what is preferable. It is not the function of a lexicographer to deny the right of citizenship to every word that is not constructed upon strict ety- mological lines, and.it would do little good if he did, but he can indicate the correct terms and throw the weight of whatever authority may be accorded him on the right side. This I have endeavored to do. For example, one who consults this dictionary for a definition of oophorectomy will be referred to oothecotomy and under that title will find the definition. If, however, a barbarous word is in such common use that it were pedantic to, question its right of existence, it will be defined, but the correct term will also be given. For example, ovariotomy (of mixed Latin and Greek derivation and therefore deplorable) is defined under that title, but a correct synonym, oothecotom.y, is also given, and the consulter can use the proper term, or can continue in his evil course as he will. Even under appendicitis, though with faint hope of the suggestion being adopted, the preferable term, scolecoiditis, is indicated.

Especial attention has been paid to synonyms, these being noted under the word defined, and also inserted as main titles with cross reference to the one selected for definition. In this relation attention may be called to the lists in small type, inserted here and there under the English titles, noting the scientific terms for the various conditions associated with the part. If the reader will turn to abdomen, foot, hand, pain, phobia, uterus, and many other titles, he will see, without further explanation, what I have there attempted to accomplish.

vi PREFACE.

A dictionary is not intended for consecutive reading (thoilgh some have claimed to find pleasure, and even amusement, in this pursuit) but rather for the acquirement of knowledge or the satisfaction of curiosity with the least expenditure of time and trouble. A work of this kind should therefore afford every facility for such laudable effort, and should not balk it by interrupting the normal alphabetical arrangement with long lists of subtitles or tables breaking the continuity of the pages. Nevertheless, subtitles are sometimes necessary, and tables, as of the arteries, muscles, nerves, etc., cannot be dis- pensed with. I have endeavored to preserve these essential features, without increasing the difficulty of consultation, by several devices. In the first place the eponymic terms — and their name is legion — have been inserted as main titles; Addison's disease, Bright' s disease, Camper's angle, Cooper's hernia, Hutchinson's triad, Scarpa's space, etc., are defined under the proper name, and not under disease, angle, hernia, triad, space, etc. This arrangement materially shortens the long and confusing lists of subtitles and at the same time affords the opportunity for the insertion of brief biographical details regarding nationahty, profession, and dates of birth and death, which have always a human interest and are subjects of a legitimate curiosity. In other cases the qualifying word has been inserted as the main title, but only when this is the more obvious arrangement ; typhoid fever, for example, is commonly called simply typhoid, and it is therefore defined under typhoid instead of under fever. When there is any doubt as to which word of a compound term would naturally be looked for, a cross reference is given to the main title. In cross references to a compound term, when uncertainty might arise as to the main title, this is indicated by an asterisk (*) appended to one of the words in the term. When the subtitles are many and not eponymic, reference to them has been facilitated by placing them in the form of a table of column width, distinguished by type of smaller size, under the main title, but alphabetically arranged, so that the one wanted will strike the eye at once. The lists of ar- teries, muscles, nerves, drugs, etc., have been arranged in the same way so as not to interrupt the alphabetical sequence by page- wide tables. These tables, or lists, embrace all the official preparations of the United States Pharmacopoeia and the British Pharmacopoeia, as well as those of the National Formulary, and also all the anatomical terms, these being placed under the Latin titles, with cross-references from the English names. The tables of weights and measures, comparative thermometrical and barometrical scales, the chemical elements with their symbols and atomic weights, and other tabular data have been placed in the Appendix, where they properly belong, since they are not, strictly speaking, definitions.

The Basle Anatomical Nomenclature, adopted in 1895, has been slow in winning its way in England and America, but is doing so surely and is now generally taught in the medical schools and is found in the anatomical text- books. All the words sanctioned by the convention are given the preference in this dictionary, and when they differ from the terms formerly in use and still employed by the majority of older writers, they are indicated by the sign [BNA].

Medicine touches other sciences at so many points that the terms relating to them cannot be ignored, even in a purely medical dictionary; accordingly an effort has been made to include definitions of all the chemical, botanical,

PREFACE. vU

dental, and veterinary words which a physician is likely to meet in his reading. The fact that there are many thousand insurance examiners in this country has led me to believe that the definitions of the terms relating to this branch, such as the different forms of insurance, life-tables, poUcies, risks, etc., would be found useful, and they have therefore been introduced in considerable number.

.' The sectarian lines which have divided medical practitioners are, happily, gradually fading away. Homeopathic and eclectic physicians no longer ignore the discoveries of modem experimental medicine, but rather are doing their part to advance true science. On the other hand, therapeutists of all schools are learning that there is virtue in homeopathy and isopathy, as well as in enantiopathy and allopathy, that, in fact, there is but one science of medicine, and they are ready to apply any one of these healing principles in suit- able cases. Prejudice and antagonism are often based largely upon misunder- standing of terms, and in the effort to remove such misunderstanding and to promote unity among the practitioners of the therapeutic art, I have defined the terms peculiar to homeopathic and eclectic therapeutics.

Balneotherapy does not enjoy the repute in this country and Great Britain that it has on the Continent of Europe; nevertheless references to mineral springs are sufficiently numerous in medical literature to make it desirable to supply certain data regarding them, and it has consequently seemed advisable to include details regarding the composition and the thera- peutic indications of the most important spas in Europe and America.

Special attention has been paid to the etymology of the words used in medicine, for nothing aids so much in fixing a definition in one's memory as a knowledge of the formation of the term; therefore the chief sources of our language, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek, and to a slight extent Arabic, have been indicated under the main titles and, where necessary, under the subtitles as well. In the case of the Greek sources, it has been thought best, after mature deliberation, to give them in Roman letters rather than Greek. This has been rendered advisable because of the deplorable tendency to eliminate Greek from the curriculum of preparatory schools and colleges, with the result that only a small percentage of even well educated physicians of the present day can read the Greek characters. I have therefore yielded to this tendency in the transliteration of the Greek words, but under protest, and I wish to register here the conviction that the elimination of Greek in our schools has done much to barbarize the language of medicine and to render necessary special dictionaries of this science. Some day the pendulum will swing the other way and a new renaissance will once more join culture to knowledge to make the perfect physician. In the transliteration of the Greek words, the gamma (7) preceding another gamma (7), a kappa (k), or a chi (x) is repre- sented by n, which is the sonant value of the gamma in such situations.

In the spelling of medical terms, preference has been given to the simpler forms. In the matter of the elimination of the diphthongs, cb and ce,iX is a significant fact that the languages which are the direct descendants of the Latin, especially the Italian and the Spanish, have dropped the a and the o, while the double vowels have been retained only by the Teutonic languages. It is surely proper to admit that this has been a natural process for those who have used the words from the beginning, and that the daughters of the Latin

viii PREFACE.

have a finer instinct for the genius of the parent tongue, which even in classical times showed a tendency to drop the diphthongs. In English these words were originally exotic and were adopted with their classical spelling; but even with us, as they became incorporated into the language the unenglish diph- thongs were dropped. We write equal and economy and not asqual and (economy; surely hemorrhage and edematous, and other words of similar deri- vation, are now legitimate English and should not be spelled haimorrhage and cedematous. Those who still cling to the old spellings will, however, find them here given as alternatives. In the spelling of medicinal terms the authority of the Pharmacopoeia has been recognized, and the convenient distinction between alkaloids and glucosides, -ine for the former and -in for the latter, has been retained. The spelling of chemical terms recommended twenty years ago by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the dropping of e in words like chlorine and chloride) has not been adopted here, for the reason that the chemists themselves are divided in their use of it, many of the Americans and almost all of the English still adhering to the old spelling; moreover the American Chemical Society specifically directs that the ending -ine shall always be employed for basic substances, -in being used for glucosides, bitter principles, proteins, etc. In words derived from the Greek, the k (kappa) is represented by English c, especially before a hard vowel. This is in accordance with the genius of the Latin as well as of the English. We write catalepsy and cone, why then should we write katabolism and leukocyte f If karyokinesia, why not leukokytef Leucocyte is pref- erable and so is caryocinesia.

In writing on medical chemistry, authors are wont, for the sake of brevity, to employ the chemical symbols instead of writing out the name. Not as a mark of approval of this custom, but as an aid to the reader of such articles, who may be rusty in his chemistry, a number of the most common chemical formulae have been here introduced as main titles with their definitions in ordinary language.

Every effort has naturally been made to avoid errors of typography; but some there may be, and the author 's thanks are extended in advance to sharp- eyed critics who will call his attention to any such that they find. He will be grateful also to those who will point out any possible errors of definition or of omission which may have crept in among the many thousands of titles.

In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Emma E. Walker who has contributed the balneological titles and many of the dental and veterinary terms, and has rendered great assistance in the laborious collection of biographical data. To my wife I am indebted for help in every step of the undertaking. It were ungrateful to omit an acknowledgment of the generous encouragement and assistance extended to me by the Publishers during all the years this work has been in preparation; without their sympathetic coopera- tion the difficulties of the task would have been almost insuperable.

KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION.

a at the end of a syllable as a in mate, before a

consonant as a in mat. ^ as a in mat. a as a in mate, all as a in father, ai as ai in fair, ar as a in far. aw as a in fall, e at the end of a syllable as e in mete, before a

consonant as e in met. S as e in met. e as e in mete.

e as the French eu or the German oe, nearly as e in her. eh as a in mate, though not so prolonged. i at the end of a syllable as i in pine, before a

consonant as i in pin. I as i in pin. i as i in pine.

o at the end of a syllable as o in note, before a consonant as o in not.

6 as o in not

o as o in note,

oo as oo in food.

65 as oo in foot,

or as o in for.

ow as ow in cow.

oy as oy in boy.

u at the end of a syllable as u in pure, before a consonant as u in bud, before r as u in fur.

8 as u in bud.

u as u in pure.

u as the French u or the German u or ue.

dh as th in the,

g hard as in get.

kh a guttural k, as ch in the German bach or Scotch loch.

n- as the French nasal n in bon.

th as th in think,

zh as z in azure. The other consonants as in English.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY.

Am. Ind American Indian.

Ar Arabic.

B.A Indian and Colonial Addendum to the

British Pharmacopeia.

[BNA] notes a. term adopted in the Basle

anatomical nomenclature when this difEers from the one formerly em- ployed.

Br., B.P British Pharmacopeia.

B.P.C British Pharmaceutical Codex.

cf L. confer, compare.

E English.

Fr French.

G Greek.

Gael Gaelic.

gen genitive.

Ger German.

Hind Hindu.

Ind Indian.

It Italian.

L Latin.

N.F National Formulary.

O.E Old English.

O.Fr Old French.

P.G German Pharmacopeia.

pi plural.

q.v L. quod vide, which see.

sc L. scilicet, mamely, to wit, noting

what follows.

Sp Spanish.

U.S., U.S.P.. United States Pharmacopeia.

* in the biographical data, denotes the

year of birth; in other cases indi- cates the catch-word in a cross- reference.

^ in the biographical data, denotes the

year of death.

Other (medical) abbreviations are noted in their al- phabetical order in the body of the Dictionary

STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY

STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONAET

A. Chemical symbol of the element argon.

a. Abbreviation for accommodation, anode, an- terior, and total acidity.

a-, an-. [G. alpha privative.] A prefix convey- ing a negative meaning — without, not, away from, -less, un-.

aa, aa [abbr. of G. ana, a distributive preposition]. A sign used in prescription writing to denote that the stated amount of each of the indicated substances is to be taken.

aaa disease. Endemic anemia or ancylostomiasis in ancient Egypt, ascribed in the Papyrus Ebers to the presence of an intestinal parasite.

Aachen, Prussia (ahkh'en). See Aix-la-Chapelle.

Aaron's sign [Charles D. Aaron, American physician, *i866.] A referred pain or feeling of distress in the epigastrium or precordial region, on continuous firm pressure over McBumey's point, in cases of appendicitis.

ab- [L. ab, from.] A prefix signifying from, away

' from, off.

abaca (ah-bah-kah'). The plant, Musa texHlis,

\ and its product, Manila hemp.

abactio (ab-ak'shyo) [L. abigere, to drive away.] Induced abortion.

abac'tus ven'ter [L. abactus, driven away; venter, belly.] Induced abortion.

Abadie's sign (3.-ba-de') i. [J. M. Abadie, Parisian ophthalmologist, *i842.] Spasm of the levator palpebrse superioris in exophthalmic goiter. ^. [Charles Jean Marie Abadie, Bordeaux clinician, contemporary.] Insensibility to pressure over the tendo Achillis, in tabes dorsalis.

abaissement (a-bas-mon') [Fr. a lowering.] Couching.

abalienated (ab-al'yen-a-ted) [L. abalienare, to separate from.] Crazy, deranged.

abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'shun). Lunacy, mental derangement.

abaptis'ton [G. a- priv. -I- baptizo, I immerse.] A trepan of conical shape, which cannot slip through far enough to injure the brain substance.

abarthro'sis [L. ab, from.] Diarthrosis.

abartic'ular [L. ab, from, + articulus, joint.] At a distance from, or not involving, a joint.

abarticula'tion [L. ab, from.] i. Diarthrosis. a. Dislocation of a joint.

abasia (ab-a'si-ah) [G. a- priv. + basis, step.] Inability to walk; specifically the presence of such inability, although muscular power, sensation, and coordination are unimpaired in relation to other movements of the legs.

aba'sia-asta'sia, inability either to walk or to stand, but with retention of the muscular functions in relation to other movements of the legs, when the patient is in bed, for example. atac'tic a., ataz'ic a., difficulty in walking by reason of ataxia, paroxys'mal a., spas'tic a., a. due to a spastic contraction of the muscles when an attempt is made to walk.

abasic (3,-ba'sik) . Affected by, or associated with, abasia.

abate (a-bat') [L. ab, from, -|- battere, to beat.]

1. To do away with. 2. To lessen, decrease, become reduced.

abatement (a-bat'ment) . j.. Doing away with.

2. A lessening or decrease, as in the intensity of the symptoms of a disease.

abatic (d-bafik). Abasic.

abazial, abaxile (ab-ak'si-al, ab-ak'sil) [L. ab, from, -I- axis.] i. Lying outside of the axis of any body or part. 2. Situated at the op- posite extremity of the axis of a part.

Abbe's conden'ser (ab'ba) [Ernst Abbl, a German physicist, 1845-1905.] An apparatus, consist- ing of two or three lenses, which concentrates the light reflected from a mirror on the object viewed under a microscope. A.-Zeiss ap- para'tus, an apparatus for counting the blood- corpuscles, consisting of a mixer for diluting the blood and a cell -jV mm. deep, marked off into divisions of ^Jir square mm. so that each division contains njVi!- cubic mm.; also called Thoma- Zeiss apparatus.

Abbe's opera'tion (ab'i) [Robert Abbe, New York surgeon, *i85i.] Dana's operation; intracranial resection of the 2d and 3d divisions of the 5th nerve, with the interposition of rubber tissue at the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale to pre- vent reunion of the divided nerves, for the relief of tic douloureux. A.'s ring, a ring of catgut used to reinforce the suture in intestinal anasto- mosis. A.'s string meth'od, sawing through an esophageal stricture by means of a string in- troduced through a gastric opening, up the esophagus, and out by the mouth.

Ab'bot's paste [William Abbot, London physician, *i83i.] A mixture of arsenous acid, morphine, and creosote, made into a paste with water, employed to kill the nerve of a tooth.

Ab'botVs method [Alexander C. Abbott, Philadel- phia bacteriologist, *i 860. ] For staining spores: the specimen is covered with alkaline methylene

ABBOTT'S METHOD

ABDOMINAL

blue and brought to a boil several times, then decolorized with a 2 per cent, solution of nitric acid in 80 per cent, alcohol, and finally dipped in a saturated alcoholic solution of eosin lo, in water 90 ; the spores are stained blue, the bodies of the bacilli pink. Abb'ott's mefh'od [Edville G. Abbott, American orthopedic surgeon, *i872.] Treatment of lateral curvature of the spine by a series of plaster jackets applied after partial correction of the curvature by pulling on the flexed spine in various directions by bandages; the aim is to obtain overcorrection and maintain it for a time until the bones are re- stored to their normal shape. A.B.C. lin'iment. Compound aconite liniment, a mixture of equal parts of the liniments of aco- nite, belladonna, and chloroform. A.B.C. process (pros'es). Purification of water or deodorization of sewage by a mixture of alum. Wood, and charcoal. Abderhalden reac'tlon or test (ahb'der-haW'den) [Erail Abderhalden, German physiologist, *i877.] To determine the presence of protective fer- ments* in the blood; one-half gram of the pre- pared albumin (from the placenta, cancer, urine, or what not) is placed in a diffusion* shell, to- gether with 1.5 c.c. of the serum to be tested, and the shell is suspended in a test-tube contain- ing 20 c.c. sterile distilled wate^; the tube con- taining the shell is then incubated at 37°C. for 16 hours, after which 10 c.c. of the dialysate is removed and boiled for one minute with 0.2 c.c. ninhydrin; the development of a violet color within half an hour indicates a positive reaction. The test has been used to detect pregnancy, mialignant disease, exophthalmic goiter, de- mentia precox, and various other conditions. The above is called the dialysis lest; a less com- monly employed form is called the optical test: the prepared albumin and the serum to be tested are mixed and after a definite period the fluid is examined by a polariscope to determine whether the presence of transformation products has effected any rotation differences.

Abdominal Regions and Zones, According to thb Old Nomenclature.

abdomen (ab-do'men) [L. abdere, to hide (?).] Belly, alvus, venter, the body cavity bounded

by the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (Some anatomists include in the abdomen all down to the pelvic floor.) It is lined by a serous membrane, the peritoneum, which also invests the contained viscera. It contains the greater part of the organs of digestion and also the spleen; the kidneys lie behind the peri- toneum and are therefore outside the abdominal cavity. The abdomen is divided by arbitrary planes into nine regions ; see abdominal * regions. a. obsti'pum [L. obstipus, awry], deformity of the abdomen caused by shortness of the rectus muscle, acute' a., any acute condition within the a. calling for immediate operation, car'inate a. [L. carina, keel of a ship], a sinking at the sides with prominence of the central line of the ab- domen, navic'ular or scaph'oid a. [L. navicula, G. skaphe, boat], boat-shaped a., a condition in which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and presents a concave rather than a convex contour.

blood effusion, hemoperitoneum. dropsy, ascites, hy- drocelia, hydroperitpneum. examination, celioscopy, laparoscopy, abdominoscopy. gas indation, aeroper- itonia (outside the intestine) ; aerenterectasia, tym- panites, tympany, meteorism, flatulence (within the intestine), incision, coeliotomy, laparotomy, gastrot- omy.^ Inflammation, coelitis, peritonitis, pain, colic, tormina, celialgia, celiodynia, enteralgia, ileus, gas- tralgia. puncture, paracentesis abdominis, celiopara- centesis. relaxation of walls, pendulous abdomen, celiochalasis. sinking down of contents, splanchnopto- sia, enteroptosia, gastroptosia, GMnard's disease, spasm, tormina, colic, tumor, celioncus, celiophyma.

abdom'inal. Relating to the abdomen, a. re'glons, nine regions into which the abdomen is divided by four imaginary lines or planes ; of these lines two are horizontal, drawn at the levels of the cartilages of the ninth ribs (subcostal line) and of the crests of the ilia {interiubercular line), respectively, and two are vertical, passing through the center of Poupart's ligament on either side. The regions thus mapped out are named, from above downward, right hypochondriac.

Abdominal Regions AND Zones, According to the Basle [BNA] Nomenclature.

right lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]), and right inguinal or iliac; epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric or pubic; left hypochondriac, left lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]), and left inguinal or iliac, a. zones, three zones into

ABDOMINAL

ABIOTROPHY

which the abdomen is divided by horizontal lines at the level of the cartilages of the ninth ribs (subcostal line) and the iliac crests (intertu- bercular line) respectively; the upper or subcostal zone (regio epigastrica [BNA]) is subdivided into the right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hy- pochondriac regions; the middle or umbilical zone (regio mesogastrica [BNA]) into the right Itunbar, umbilical, and left lumbar regions, the lower or hypogastric zone (regio hypogastrica [BNA]) into the right iliac or inguinal, the hypogastric or pubic, and the left iliac or inguinal. The boundaries of the several regions differ some what in the old and the new nomenclatures (see the illustrations).

abdominoanterior (ab-dom"i-no-an-te'rK-or) . Not- ing a position of the fetus in utero, with its belly turned toward the anterior abdominal wall of the mother.

abdominocystic (ab-dom-1-no-sis'tik). Abdomino- vesical.

abdominogen'ital. Relating to the abdomen and the genital organs.

abdom"inohysterec'tomy. Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdominal wall.

abdoin"inohysterot'oiny. Cutting into the uterus, cesarean section, performed through an incision in the abdominal wall.

abdoin"inoposte'rior. Noting a position of the fetus in utero, with its abdomen turned toward the back of the mother.

abdominoscopy (ab-dom-i-nos'ko-pi) [abdomen + G. skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the ab- domen or of its contained viscera.

abdom"inoscro'tal. Relating to the abdomen and the scrotum.

abdominothoracic (ab-dom"i-no-tho-ras'ik). Relat- ing to both abdomen and thorax.

abdominous (ab-dom'i-nus) . Having a prominent abdomen.

abdom"ino-uterot'omy. Abdominohysterotomy.

abdominovaginal (ab-dom"i-no-vaj'i-nal). Relat- ing to both abdomen aiid vagina.

abdom"inoves'ical. Relating both to the abdomen and to the urinary or gall bladder.

abdu'cens [L. drawing away from.] Nervus abdu- cens. a. labio'rum, a. oris. a. oc'uli, musculus rectus lateralis [BNA]. a. o'ris, musctdus caninus [BNA].

abdu'cent. i. Abducens. 2. Abducting or draw- ing away from.

abduct' [abducere, to draw away.] To move away from the axis of the body or of one of its parts; also to draw a part away from the middle line.

abduc'tion. i. Movement away from the middle line. 3. A position resulting from such move- ment, a. of the foot, rotation of the foot outward around the axis of the leg, or rotation outward around its own axis.

abduc'tor. That which abducts or draws something in a direction away from the axis of the part, said of various muscles ; the opposite of adductor.

Abie's support' (ah'ba) [AbSe, German physician in Naviheim, contemporary.] An apparatus for making pressure over the cardiac region in order to quiet the overacting heart.

abenter'ic [L. ab, from, + G. enteron, intestine.] Apenteric.

abepithymia (ab-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [L. ab, from, + G epithymia, desire.] Anepithymia.

Ab'ercrombie's degenera'tion [John Abercrombie, Scotch physician, 1780-1844.] Amyloid de- generation. *

Ab'emethy's fas'cia [John Abernethy, London

surgeon, 1764-1831.] A layer of subperitoneal areolar tissue in front of the external iliac artery. A.'s opera'tion, ligation of tfie external iliac artery through an incision curving around the anterior superior spine of the ilium. A.'s sarco'ma, liposarcoma.

aber'rans [L. wandering away.] Vas aberrans.

aber'rant. i. Wandering off, said of certain ducts or vessels taking an unusual course. 2. Differing from the normal, said in botany or zoology of cer- tain atypical individuals in a family or species.

aberratio (ab-er-a'shyo) [L.] Aberration, a. tes'- tis, presence of the testis in a part away from the path followed in a normal descent.

aberration (ab-er-a'shun) . i. Wandering away from the normal situation. 2. Atypical de- velopment or growth. 3. Slight mental de- rangement. 4. Unequal deviation of the rays of light in passing through a lens, so that the image is blurred (spherical a.) or colored (chromatic a.), owing to a breaking up of. the rays of white light, diop'tric a., spherical a. distan'tial a., blurring of the image of a distant object. Kewto'nian a., chromatic a.

aberrometer (ab-er-om'e-tur) [L. aberratio + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measur- ing optical aberration or any error in experimentation.

abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'shun). An abnormal evacuation in the way either of excess or of de- ficiency.

abeyance (ab-a'ans) [from the Old French.] A state of temporary abolition of function.

Abies (ab'e-ez) [L.] A genus of evergreen trees, the firs and spruces. A. balsam'ea, balsam fir, the source of Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, terebinthina canadensis. A. canaden'sis, Tsuga canadensis, hemlock, the source of Canada pitch, pix canadensis. A. ezcel'sa, Picea excelsa, spruce fir, or Norway spruce, the source of Bur- gundy pitch, pix burgundica.

abietate (ab-i'6-tat). A salt of abietic acid.

abietene (ab-i'S-ten) . A substance obtained from the nut-pine, Pinus (Abies) sabiana; it consists chiefly of heptane.

abietic (ab-i-et'ik). Relating to fir trees or their products, a. ac'id, an acid derived from abietin.

abietin (ab-i'S-tin). A resin from the turpentine of certain species of fir.

abietite (ab-i'S-tit). A sugar obtained from the leaves of the silver fir.

abiochemistry (ab"i-o-kem'is-tri) [G. a- priv. + biochemistry.] Inorganic chemistry.

abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'e-sis) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + genesis, production.] Spontaneous gene- ration, the origin of living matter without descent from other living matter.

abiogenet'ic. Relating to spontaneous generation.

abiological (ab"i-o-loj'i-kal). Not relating to biol- ogy or the science of living things.

abionergy (ab-i-on'ur-ji) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + energeia, action, energy.] Premature degeneration with loss of function of certain cells or tissues, not due to any apparent ex- ternal influence; abiotrophy.

abiosis (ab-i-o'sis) [G. a- priv. + bios, life.] i. Non-viability. 2. Absence of life. 3. Abio- trophy.

abiot'ic. Marked by abiosis, non-viable.

abiotrophy (ab-I-ot'ro-fl) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + trophS, nourishment.] Premature loss of vitality or degeneration of certain cells or tissues, not caused by any apparent external influence; hypotrophy, abionergy.

ABIRRITANT

ABRAMS' HEART REFLEX

abir'ritant. i. Soothing, relieving irritation, .i. An agent possessing this property.

abir'ritate. To soothe, remove irritation, diminish reflex irritability.

abirrita'tion [L. ah, from, + irritare, to irritate.] The diminution or abolition of reflex or other irritability in a part.

abir'ritative. Soothing; tending to reduce reflex irritability.

abiuret (a-bi'u-ret). Non-biuret not producing biuret, not giving a biuret reaction.

abjoint'. In botany, to detach by septa.

abjunc'tion [L. abjungere, to disjoin, to separate.] In botany, detachment by septa.

ablacta'tion [L. ab, from.] Weaning.

ablastem'ic. Not germinal or blastemic.

ablate' [L. ablatus, taken away.] To remove.

ablatio (ab-la'shyo) [L.] Ablation, removal, ampu- tation, a. placentae, premature detachment of the placenta, a. ret'inse, detachment of the retina.

abla'tion [L. ablatio.] The removal of a part, as by amputation, or of any growth or noxious substance.

ablepha'ria, ableph'aron [G. o- priv + blepharon, eyelid.] Congenital absence, partial or complete, - of the eyelids.

ableph'arous [G. a- priv. + blepharon, eyelid.] Without eyelids.

ablephary (S-blefa-ri). Ablepharia.

ablepsia, ablepsy (S-blep'sI-ah, 3.-blep'sI) [G. o- priv. + blepo, I see.] Blindness.

ab'luent [L. abluere, to wash off.] i. Cleansing. 2. Anything with cleansing properties.

ablu'tion [L. ablutio,] A "washing or cleansing.

abner'val [L. 06, away from, + nervus, nerve.] Away from a nerve, noting specifically a current of electricity passing through a muscular fiber in a direction away from the point of entrance of the nerve fiber.

abneural (ab-nu'ral) [L. ab, away from.] j. Abnerval. -2. Away from the neural axis.

abnor'mal [L. ab, a.-wa.y from, + norma, rule.] Not normal, contrary to the rule or type, irregular.

abnormality. Irregtdarity, deviation from the type or rule.

abnor'mity. i. Abnormality, deformity. 2. Mon- strosity.

abomasitis (ab"o-mas-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the abomasum.

aboma'sum, aboma'sus [L. ab, from, + omasum, third stomach of a ruminant.] The fourth stomach of a ruminant.

abo'rad [L. ab, from, + os(qr-), mouth.] In a direction away from the mouth.

abo'ral [L. ab, from, -I- os(or-), mouth.] Away from or opposite to, the mouth.

aboriginal (ab-o-rij'in-al) [L. ab, from, -t- origo (origin-), source, birth.] i. Autochthon. 2. Autochthonous.

abort' [L. abortare, to miscarry.] i . To give birth to an embryo or fetus before it is viable. 2. To arrest the development or growth of a living thing or part. 3. To become arrested ingrowth or development, to remain rudimentary.

abort'icide [L. abortus, abortion, 4- cadere, to kill.] Feticide.

abortient (ab-or'shent). 1. Miscarrying, aborting. 2, An agent producing abortion. 3. Sterile.

abortifacient (ab-or-tl-fa'shent) [L. abortus, abortion, + facere, to make.] 1. Producing abortion. 2. An agent which produces abortion.

abor'tion. i. The giving birth to an embryo or non- viable fetus. 2. The product of such pre- mature birth. 3. The arrest of any action or process before its normal completion, as t^e

abortion of pneumonia. A distinction is some- times made between abortion and miscarriage, the former signifying the emptying of the uterus prior to the fourth month of pregnancy, the latter dur- ing the fourth, fifth, or sixth month; premature delivery noting the delivery of a viable fetus after the beginning of the seventh month and before full term, artifi'cial a., induced a. conta'gious a., infectious a. crim'inal a., an a. produced artificially, the fetus being alive, and the inter- ruption of the pregnancy not being necessitated by the state of the mother's health, em'bryonal or embryon'ic a., expulsion of the embryo prior to the fifth month of pregnancy, true abortion. f e'tal a., miscarriage, a. during the fifth or sixth month, habit'ual a., a. recurring, usually at about the same period, with each pregnancy. incomplete' a., expulsion of the ovum with retention of the membranes, induced' a., a. brought on by drugs or mechanical means. infec'tiouB a., a disease attacking cows with calf, the most striking symptom of which is abortion; it is caused by the presence of Bacillus abortus, and it may occur in the human female, missed a., the long retention in the uterus, and subsequent expulsion, of a dead embryo, ov'ular a., expul- sion of the ovum in the first week or two of pregnancy, tu'bal a., rupture of an oviduct which is the seat of an ectopic pregnancy.

abor'tionist. One who practises criminal abortion.

abor'tive. i. Not coming to completion, said, for example, of an attack of a disease which sub- sides before it has become fully developed or has run its full course. 5. Rudimentary. 3. Cutting short an attack of a disease. 4. Abortifacient.

abor'tus [L.] Abortion.

aboulia (&-boo'li-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- boule, will.] Abulia, loss or marked diminution of the will power.

aboulomania (S-boo-lo-ma'nJ-ah) [G. a- priv. + boule, will, -I- mania, frenzy.] Abulomania, mental derangement accompanied by greatly weakened or abolished will power.

abrachia (5-bra'kI-ah) [see abrachius.'] The absence of arms.

abrachiocephalia (a-bra"kI-o-sS-fa'li-ah). A,bsence of arms and head.

abracUocephalus (S-bra'TcI-o-sef'al-us) [G. o- priv. + brachion, arm, + kephale, head.] A monster having neither arms nor head.

abrachius (S-bra'kl-us [G. a- priv. + brachion, arm.] A monster without arms.

abrade (S-brad ) [L. ab, from, -I- radere, to scrape.] To excoriate, to scrape away the epidermis from a part.

A'brahams' sign [Robert Abrahams, New York physician, *i86i.] i. Rales and other ad- ventitious sounds, changes in the respiratory murmur, and increase in the whispered sounds can be heard on auscultation over the acromial end of the clavicle some time before they become audible at the apex. 2. A dull-flat note, i.e. one between the normal dulness at the right apex and absolute flatness, heard on percussion in that region, indicating the progress from in- cipient to advanced tuberculosis.

A'brams' heart re'flex [Albert Ahrams, San Fran- cisco physician, *i864.] A contraction of the myocardium when the skin of the precordial region is irritated. A.'s lung re'flex, increase in the pulmonary area following irritation of the skin of the thorax or upper abdominal region. A.'s treat'ment, treatment of aortic aneurysm by percussion of the spine.

ABRASIO

ABSOLUTE

abra'sio [L.] Abrasion.

abrasion (^-bra'zhun) [L. ab, off, + radere, to scrape.] 1. An excoriation, a circumscribed removal of the epidermis of skin or mucous membrane. 2. A scraping away of a portion of the surface. 3. In dentistry, the mechanical wearing away of the surface of a tooth.

abreaction (ab-re-ak'shun). The emotional dis- charge, obtained after the recall of the original psychic trauma, in the process called by Freud catharsis.

a'brin. Jequiritin, a specific poison, analogous to the bacterial toxins, occurring in jequirity seeds {Ahrus precatorius).

abrotanum (a.-brot'a-num) [G. abrotonon, an aromatic plant.] The dried leaves and tops of southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum; employed as a vermifuge and tonic in doses of inio— 20 (o.6-i*.3) of a fiuidextract.

abruptio (ab-rup'shyo) [L.] Abruption, a tearing away. a. placen'tse, premature detachment of the placenta.

A'brus [more correctly Habrus, from G. habros, graceful.] A genus of leguminous plants. A. precaio'rius, Indian liquorice, the root being some- times used as a substitute for liquorice; the seeds have been employed in ophthalmic practice, see jequirity.

abscess (ab'ses) [L. abscessus, from abscedere, to go away.] A circumscribed collection of pus, acute' a., hot a. ame'bic a., an abscess of the liver, complicating or following tropical dysentery, which contains amebas. arthrif'luent a., a cold, gravitation a., due to disease, usually tuberculous, of a joint, athero'matous a., a circumscribed area of atheromatous softening in the wall of an artery. blind a., dental granuloma.* canalic'ular a., an a. of the breast discharging into the milk ducts. ca'seous a., one in which the pus has become inspissated, "having a soft cheesy consistence. chron'ic a., cold a. circumton'sillar a., quinsy. cold a., a collection of pus occurring without local heat or other signs of inflammation, com- monly of tuberculous origin, crit'ical a., an a. occurring toward the end of an acute disease. diffuse' a., a collection of pus not circumscribed by a well defined capsule, dry a., the remains of an a. the pus of which has been absorbed. embol'ic a., metastatic a., a suppurative focus established at the point of arrest of a septic embolus, fe'cal a., stercoral a. fixa'tion a., an a. artificially provoked by the subcutaneous injec- tion of turpentine, alleged to be of therapeutic

r value in certain infectious processes, gas a., an a. containing gas, due to the presence of Bacillus aerogenes or other species of gas-forming microorganism, gravita'tion a., grav'ity ».., a wandering a. which sinks to the dependent parts. hot a., an acute a., one occurring with all the evidences of local inflammation, hypostat'ic a., gravitation a. metastat'ic a., a secondary a. formed, at a distance from the primary focus, as a result of the transportation of the pus germs by the lymph or blood stream, mil'iaiy a., one of a number of minute collections of pus. milk a., a, mammary a. occurring during lactation. mul'tiple a. of the liv'er, numerous small purulent collections, of pyemic origin, in the liver, mu'ral a., one occurring in the tissues of the abdominal wall following celiotomy, ossifluent a., an a.., usually a cold wandering a., originating from a focus of disease in a bone, phleg'monoijs a., suppuration associated with acute inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue, pso'as a.,

a. cold or wandering abscess in the groin, associ- ated with lumbar Pott's disease, the pus sinking down in the sheath of the psoas muscle, resid'- ual a., an a. recurring on the site of a former a., due to inflammation excited by the undischarged residue of pus. retropharyn'geal a., a phleg- monous inflammation involving the cellular tissup of the posterior wall of the oropharyn.x. scrof- ulous a., strumous a. se'rous a., periostitis albuminosa, periosteal ganglion; a flattened sub- periosteal cavity containing a clear, yellowish, viscid, synovia-like fluid, shirt-stud a., two abscesses connected by an arrow channel, sol'-

' itary a. of the liver, tropical a. ster'coral a., a col- lection of pus mixed with fecal matter, stitch a., an a. due to the use of septic suture material or to the inclusion in a stitch of pus germs from the skin. stru'mous a., a cold a. of tuberculous origin. subphren'ic a., circumscribed suppurative inflam- mation of the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm, and' usually of the contiguous peritoneal surfaces of the liver and of the diaphragm, trop'ical a., amebic a., a. of the liver associated with amebic dysentery, occurring chiefly in Europeans long resident in hot countries, u'rinous a.., an a. communicating, with the bladder or the urethra, and containing urine mixed with pus. ver'minous a., an a. due to inflammation caused by the pres- ence of larvae or of intestinal worms, wan'dering a., an a. found at a distance from the focus of disease, the pus burrowing along the fascial sheaths of the muscles.

ab'scess-root. The root of Polemonium reptans or Greek valerian; it is sometimes used as a stimu- lant expectorant in doses of 5i~i (2.0-4.0) of a fluii^extract.

abscission (ab-sl'shun) [L. abscindere, to cut away from.] Cutting away, cor'neal a., cutting away of the prominence of the cornea in cases of staphyloma.

absconsio (ab-skon'shyo) [L. abscondere, to hide.] A recess or cavity.

ab'sence. A temporary abeyance of the mental functions.

absinthe (ab'sinth, Fr. ab-sant'). A liqueur consisting of an alcoholic extract of absinthium and other bitter herbs.

absin'thic. Relating to absinthe or absinthium. a. acid, an acid obtained from oil of wormwood.

ab'sinthin. A bitter principle, C4i,Hj50,, obtained from absinthium.

ab'sinthism, -The pathological condition resulting from the habitual use, of absinthe in excess.

absin'thium [G. apsinthion.] (N.F.) , Wormwood, the dried leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium,. The infusion (Si:Oi) has been employed as a tonic in doses of gi-2 (30.0-60.0). In large or frequently repeated doses it is a narcotic poison, causing headache, trembling, and epileptiform convulsions.

absin'thol. The chief constituent (Cii|H„0) qf oil of wormwood, identical with thuyol and tanacetol.

absolute (ab'so-lut) [L. absolutus, complete.] Un- conditional, unlimited; complete, entire; fixed, certain, a. al'cohol, alcohol with no admixture of water, or at most i per cent. a. di'et, complete fasting, a. field, that portion of the cerebral cortex, a lesion of which invariably produces spasm or paralysis, a. tem'perature, temperature reckoned from the a. zero. a. ze'rp the lowest possible temperature, that at which the form of motion constituting heat no longer exists, reck- oned as —273.7° C. ,

ABSORB

ACANTHOLYSIS

absorb' [L. obsorfcere, to suck in.] i. To incorporate or take up gases, liquids, or the rays of light. 2. To take any material into the body through the lymphatics or blood-vessels. 3. To arrest the passage of radiant heat. 4. To neutralize an acid.

absorbefacient (ab-sor-bi-fa'shent) [L. absorbere, to suck in, + facere, to make.] i. Causing absorp- tion. 2. Any substance possessing such quality.

absorljent. i. Having the power to absorb, suck up, or take into itself any gas or liquid or the light rays, or to neutralize an acid. 2. Any substance possessing such power. 3. A lymphatic or blood-vessel drawing material of any kind into the tissues, specifically a lacteal, a. cott'on, cotton from which all fatty matter has been ex- tracted, so that it readily takes up fluids.

absorptlometer (ab-sorp-shi-om'e-ter) [L. absorptio, absorption, 4- G. metron, measure.] i. An instrument for determining the amount of gas absorbed by a given quantity of liquid. 2. An appliance for determining the thickness of a layer of liquid between two glass plates in apparent apposition; used in hematoscopy.

absorption (ab-sorp'shun). i. The taking up of gases by liquid or solid substances, or of liquids by solids. 2. The taking into the tissues, through the medium of the lymphatics or blood-vessels, of any material in suitable form. 3 . The extinction of light or any of its component rays by black or colored objects. 4. The arrest of the rays of radiant heat, the temperature of the absorbing body being slowly raised. 5. The neutralization of an acid. a. band, a dark band in the spectrum produced by the passage of light through certain solid, liquid, or gaseous substances, a. lines, numerous dark lines in the solar spectrum due to absorption by the solar atmosphere, and also by that of the earth; the phenomenon is due to the fact that rays passing from an incandescent body through a cooler medium are absorbed by elements in that medium which would give out the same rays if the medium were itself made incandescent, a. spec'trum, a spectrum showing a. bands or lines, disjunc'tive a., absorption of living tissue in immediate relation with a necrosed part, producing the line of demarca- tion, interstitial a., the removal of water or of degenerated material in the tissues by the lymphatics.

absorp'tive. Absorbent.

abstergent (ab-stur'jent) [L. abstergere, to wipe off.]

1. Having cleansing or purgative properties.

2. A cleansing lotion. 3. A purgative. ab'stinence [L. abstinere, to abstain.] Specifically,

refrain from the use of certain articles of diet or of alcoholic beverages, or from sexual intercourse. a. symp'toms, erethism or partial collapse follow- ing the sudden withdrawal of an accustomed stimtUant, such as alcohol or opium.

ab'stract [L. absiracium, from abstrahere, to draw away.] A preparation formerly recognized by the U.S. P. under the name absiracium, made by evaporating a fluidextract to a powder and trit- urating with sugar of milk; one part of the abstract was equal in strength to two parts of the drug or its extract. The official abstracts were of aconite, belladonna, conium, digitalis, hyo- scyamus, ignatia, jalap, nux vomica, podophyllum, senega, and valerian.

abstract' [L. abstrahere, to draw away.] i. To take away 2. To condense or abbreviate an article or paper. 3 To make an abstract of a. drug.

abstrac'tion. 1. Taking away. 2. The making of an abstract from the crude drug. 3. Blood- letting. 4. Distillation or separation of the volatile constituents of a substance. 5. Exclusive mental concentration, absentmiudedness.

abstric'tion [L. abs, from, + stringere, to bind.] In botany, a mode of spore formation by a constriction of the end of the mother cell, the spores seeming to be nipped off; abjunction.

abter'minal [L ab, from, -I- terminus, end.] In a direction away from the end and toward the center, noting the course of an electrical current in a muscle.

abulia (S,-bu'l!(-ah). Aboulia.

abu'lic. Relating to, or suffering from, abulia.

abulomania (&-bu-lo-nia'ni-ah) . Aboulomania.

abuse (4-bus'). Misuse, wrong use, especially excessive use, of anything, self -a., masturbation.

abuse (S-buz') [L. ab, from, -I- utere, to use.] To use wrongly, especially to overuse.

abut'ment. In dentistry the tooth to which a bridge is anchored.

A. C. Abbreviation for anodal closure.

a-c. Abbreviation for auriculocarotid or atrio- carotid. a-c in'terval, the distance between the beginning of the auricular and that of the carotid wave in a tracing of the jugular pulse ; the inter- systolic period.

Acacia (S-ka'shya) [G. akakia.} A genus of plants of the order Leguminoses, foimd especially in tropical and subtropical regions.

acacia (U.S. and Br.). Gum arable, the dried exu- dation from Acacia Senegal and other species of A. The official preparations are the mucilago and the syrupus. aca'ciae cor'tex (B.A.), acacia bark, black wattle bark, the dried bark, kept for a year, of Acacia arabica or A. decurrens; astringent, employed locally and internally in the form of decoction.

acal'ypha [G. akalyphes, imcovered.] (B.A.) The herb, dried or fresh, Acalypha indica; expectorant and laxative, resembling senega in its action; the liquid extract and succus are used.

acamp'sla [G. o- priv. + kampio, I bend.] Rigidity of a joint, ankylosis.

acan'tha [G. akaniha, a thorn.] i. The spine. 2. The spinous process of a vertebra.

acanthesthesia, acanthaesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'zi- ah) [G. akaniha, a prickle, -f aisihesis, sensation.] A form of paresthesia in which there is a sensation as of a pinprick.

Acan'thia lectula'ria [G. akaniha, thorn, prickle; L. lecius, a bed.] Cimex leciularius, bedbug.

acan'thion [G. akaniha, thorn.] The tip of the anterior nasal spine; see cut vmder norma later- alis, 5.

Acanthoceph'ala [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- kephale, head.] An order of nematode-like entozoa without alimentary canal. Various species are parasites, in the adult stage, of vertebrate animals, the larval stage being passed in inverte- brates. They are only exceptionally parasitic in man.

Acanthocheilonema perstans (a.-kan-tho-ki-lo-ne'- mah pur'stanz) [G. akaniha, thorn, + cheilos, lip, + nema, thread; L. persiare, to persist.] Filaria perstans.

acbnthokeratodermia (a-kan"tho-ker"a-to-dur'mJ- ah) [G. akaniha, thorn, + keras, horn. -|- derma, skin.] Hyperkeratosis of the hands or feet.

acanthol'ysis [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- lysis, solution.] A skin disease characterized by atrophy of the prickle-cell layer of the epidermis, a. buUo'sa, epidermolysis bullosa.

ACANTHOMA

ACCOUCHEMENT

acantho'ma [G. akantha, thorn, + -oma.] i. Papilloma. 2. Cutaneous cancer, n, adenoi'- des cys'ticum, an eruption of papules and nodules, resembling spiradenoma, originating in the rete spinosimi.

acanthopel'vis, acanthopel'yx [G. akantha, thorn, + pelyx, pelvis.] A rachitic pelvis with a sharp and prominent pubic spine; pelvis spinosa.

acantho'sis [G. akantha, thorn.] Any skin disease due to an affection of the stratiun mucosum or spinosum. a. ni'gricans, keratosis nigricans, hypertrophy with pigmentation of the papillae of the skin, seen in malignant disease of the abdom- inal organs.

acap'nia [G. ^ - priv. + kapnos, smoke, the product of combustion.] A marked diminution in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood; also the disturbances of function resulting from such diminution.

acar'dia [G. a- priv. + kardia, heart.] Absence of the heart, a condition present in certain parasitic monsters.

acar'diac. i. Without heart. 2. An acardiacus.

acardiacus (S-kar-di'S-kus) [G. a- priv. + kardia, heart.] A monster, parasitic on another fetus, having no heart, a. an'ceps [L. doubtful], a monster with head, extremities, and heart all rudimentary; a. amorphus.

acari'asis. Any disease caused by an acarid, or mite.

acaricide (i-kar'I-sJd) [L. acarus + cadere to kill.] I. Destructive to acarids, or mites. 2. An agent having this property.

ac'arid. A member of the order Acarina, a mite.

Acar'idx. A family of the order Acarina, including the mites.

acar'idan. An acarid.

Acari'na [G. akari, a mite.] An order of Arach- noidea which includes the mites and ticks.

acarlno'sis. Acariasis.

acarodermatitis (ak"a-ro-der-ma-ti'(te')tis). An in- flammation of the skin caused by the presence of a mite; acariasis, the itch.

ac'aroid [G. akari, mite, + eidos, resemblance.] 1. Resembling a mite. 2. An acarus, or niite. a. gum or res'in [Acarois, the former name of the genus Xanthorrhcea], Botany Bay resin, an exudation from an Australian tree, Xanihorrhaa hastilis, employed as a stimulant in doses of gr, S-io (0.3-0.6).

acaropho'bia [G. akari, mite, -I- phobos, fear.] i A morbid fear of acquiring the itch. 2. A belief that one has scabies, caused by an essential or senile pruritus.

Ac'arus [G. akari, a mite, from akares, tiny.] A genus of mites of the family Acaridce. A. foUicu- lo'rum, Demodex folliculorum. A. scabie'i, Sar- coptes scabiei.

ac'arus. Any mite or tick, an acaroid.

acatalep'sia, acat'alepsy [G. a- priv. + katalepsis, comprehension.] i. Mental deficiency character- ized by a lack of understanding. ^. Uncertainty.

acatalep'tic. i'. Deficient in comprehension. 2. Uncertain.

acatamathesia (a-kat-&-ma-the'zI-ah) [G. a- priv. + katamailiesis, a thorough knowledge or under- standing.] A loss of the faculty of understanding.

acatapha'sia [G. a- priv. -f- kaiaphasis, affirmation.] A loss of the power of correctly formulating a statement.

acatastasia (^-kat-as-ta'sK-ah) [G. a- priv. + katastasis, condition.] Deviation from type.

acathar'sia, acath'aisy [G. a- priv. -1- katharsis-, j. cleansing.] A failure to obtain a desired pur- gation.

acathec'tic. Relating to acathexia.

acathex'ia [G. o- priv. -I- kathexis, a holding in.] An abnormal loss of the secretions.

acathisia (S-k^-thiz'I-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kathisis, a sitting.] A neurosis characterized by an inability to remain in a sitting posture.

acaudal, acaudate (i-kaw'dal, ^-kaw'dat) [G. a- priv. + L. Cauda, tail.] Having no tail.

acauline (^-kaw'len) [G. o-priv. +1^. cauUcstem.] Noting a group of stemless fungi.

acaulino'sis. An eczematous disease caused by the presence of an acauline fungus.

ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closing contraction, also written AnCC.

accelerans (ak-sel'er-anz) L. pres. part, of acceUrare to hasten.] Accelerator* nerve of the heart.

accelera'tion. An increase in rapidity.

accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-tor). That which increases rapidity of action or function, a. nerve, a nerve originating in a center in the medulla and coming to the heart through the ganglion stellatvim; its stimulation increases the rapidity of the heart. a. uri'nse, musculus bulbocavemosus. .

accentuator (ak-sent'u-a-tor). A substance, such as aniline, the presence of which allows of a combi- nation between a tissue or histological element and a stain, which niight otherwise be im- possible.

acceptor (ak-sep'tor) [L. accipere, to accept.] A substance, such as indigo, nitrates, etc.. which absorbs the nascent hydrogen set free by a. re- ducing enzyme.

accessiflezor (ak-ses"![-flek'sor) . Accessory flexor.

accessorius (ak-ses-so'rl-us) [L. accedere, to move toward.] Accessory, supemvimerary, adjuvant; noting certain muscles, nerves, glands, etc. See under musculus and nervus. a. Willis'ii, nervus accessorius spinalis.

acces'sory. Supernumerary, supplementary, adju- vant, a. nerve of Willis, nervus accessorius spinalis.

accip'iter [L. a hawk.] A bandage for the nose, so called because its ends branch out like the talons of a hawk grasping the face.

accladiosis (ak-kla-di-o'sis). An ulcerative dis- ease of the skin caused by the presence of a fungus, Accladium castellani, isolated by Castell- ani in Ceylon.

acclimatation (S-kli-ma-ta'shun). Acclimatization.

accli'mate [Fr. <J, to, + cUmat, climate.] Acclimatize.

acclima'tion. Acclimatization.

acclimatization (i-kli"ma-ti-za'shun). The habitua- tion to a new climate; the acquiring of powers of resistance against vmaccustomed influences in a new climate, especially a tropical climate.

accli'matize. To accustom one to a climate; to make one used to new conditions and surroundings.

accommoda'tion [L. accommodare, to suit, make fit.] Adaptation, adjustment; specifically, alteration of the convexity of the crystalline lens in order to bring divergent rays from a near point to a focus on the retina, ab'solute a., a. of an eye independ- ent of its fellow, histolog'ical a., pseudometa- plasia; change in shape of cells to meet altered physical conditions, as the flattening of cuboidal cells in cysts as a result of pressure, neg'ative a., a. for distant vision by relaxation of the intrinsic muscles, pos'itive a., a. for near vision, rel'ative a., a. of the two eyes acting conjointly.

accom'modative. Relating to accommodation.

accouchement (S-koosh-mon') [Fr. from coucher, to lie down] Delivery, childbirth, a. forc£ (for- sa'), forced, artificially hastened delivery, by means of forceps, version, etc. , .

ACCOUCHEUR

ACETBROMANILIDE

accoucheur (S-koo-sher'). An obstetrician, one

who delivers a woman in childbirth. accoucheuse (&-koo-shez'). A female obstetrician; one with medical education and training, as distinguished from an ordinary midwife. accrementition (S-kre-men-tish'un) [L. accrescere, to increase] i. Reproduction by budding oi germination. 2. Accretion (i), accretion (S-kre'shun) [L. accrescere, to increase,] I. Increase by the addition of material of the same nature as that already present. 2. A grow- ing together, adhesion, a. lines, lines seen in microscopical sections of the enamel, marking successive layers of added material. accu'mulator [L. accumulare, to heap up.] i. A

storage battery, z. A condenser (3). A.C.E, mixture. A mixture of i part alcohol, 2 parts chloroform, and 3 parts rther, used to produce general anesthesia by inhalation. acenesthesia (S,-se-nes-the'zi-ah). Absence of the normal sensation of physical existence, or of the consciousness of visceral functioning. acentric (a-sen'trik) [G. a- priv. + keniron, center.]

Not central, peripheral; excentric. acepha'lia, aceph'alism [G. o- priv. + kephale, head ] Absence of a head, as noted in certain parasitic monsters. acephalobrachia (a-sef"al-o-bra'k!-ah) [G. a- priv. + kephale, head, + brachion, arm.] Absence of head and arms, as noted in the case of some parasitic monsters. acephalobrachius (S-sef'al-o-bra'kl-us). A monster

without head or arms. acephalocardia (a,-sef"al-o-kar'dI-ah) [G. a- priv. + kephale, head, + kardia, heart.] Absence of head and heart. aceph"alocar'dius. A parasitic monster without

head or heart. acephalochiria (a-sef"al-o-ki'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + kephale, head, + cheir, hand.] Absence of head and hands. aC3phalochirus (S-sef'al-o-ki'rus). A monster with- out head or hands. acephalocyst (5-sef'aI-o-sist) [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, -I- kystis, bladder.] An echinococcus-cyst, hydatid, especially one with no daughter cysts; so called because it gives origin to no scolices or tenia heads, such as come from the cysticerci. aC9ph"alogas'ter [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, -I- gaster, belly.] A parasitic monster consisting only of the pelvic extremity. acsphalogaste'ria. Absence of head, thorax, and abdomen, as noted in a parasitic monster with pelvis and legs only. aceph"alopo'dia [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, + pous(pod-), foot.] Congenital absence of head and feet. aceph"alopo'dius. A monster without head or feet. acephaloirhachia (i-sef-al-o-rakl-ah) [G. a- priv. + kephale, head, + rhachis, spine.] Congenital absence of head and spinal column. aceph"alosto'nil 1. [G. akephalos, headless, + stoma, mouth.] Absence of the greater part of the head with, however, the presence of a mouth-like opening at the upper extremity of the trunk or neck acephalos'tomus. A monster having no head, . but only a mouth-like opening at the upper part. aceph"aIothora'cia [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, +

thorax, chest.] Absence of head and thorax. aceph"alotho'rus. A monster without head or

thorax. aceph'alous. Headless.

aceph'alus [G. a- priv. + kephale, head.] A headr less monster, a. paraceph'alus, a monster with only partially formed skull and no brain.

laceph'iUy. Acephalia, headlessness.

acerato'sis [G. a- priv. -f- keras,- horn.] Akeratosis, deficiency or absence of homy tissue, as the nails.

acer'vuline [L. acervulus, a little heap.] Occurring in clusters, aggregated.

acervulo'ma. An intracranial tumor containing acervulus, or brain-sand; psammoma.

acer'vulus [L. dim. of acervus, a heap.] The sabu- lous matter, composed of epithelial cells and lime concretions, filling the follicles of the pineal body; brain-sand.

acescence (S-ses'ens) [L. acescere, to become sour.] 1. A slight degree of acidity. 2. The process of becoming sour.

acescent (4-ses'ent). Slightly acid.

acestoma (&-ses-to'mah) [G. akestos, curable, + -5ma.] Exuberant granulations which are forming the cicatrix.

ACEPHALUS.

acetaVuIar. Relating to the acetabulum.

acetab'ulum, gen. aeetab'uU, pi. acetab'ula 'L. a shallow vinegar vessel or cup.] Cotyloid cavity, a cup-shaped depression on the external surface of the innominate bone, in which the head of the femur fits.

acetal (as'et-al) [ace'.{ic) + al{coho[).} A clear liquid made by the imperfect oxidation of alco- hol; has been employed as an hypnotic in doses of 52-3 (8.0-12.0).

acetaldehyde (as-et-al'de-hid) . Aldehyde (2).

aceamide (as-et-am'id). Acetic acid amide, formed

. by the action of ethyl acetate on ammonia; occurs

in colorless deliquescent crystals of a mousy odor.

acetanilid (as-et-an'i-lid) . Acetanilidum.

acetaniU'dum (U.S. and Br.), Acetanilid, anti- febrin. Made from : niline by acting upon it with acetyl chloride; occurring in the form of white scales or crystalline powder, very slightly soluble in water, but soluble in 5 parts of alcohol; em- ployed as an analgesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. i-v (0.06-0.3).

acetate (as'e-tate). A salt of acetic acid.

acetbromanUide (5-set"brom-an'I-lSd). Antisepsin, asepsin, a derivative of acetanilide; has been

ACETBROMANILIDE

ACHILLEA

employed as an analgesic and hypnotic in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2).

acetic (a^se'tik) [L. acetum, vinegar.] Relating to vinegar; sour. a. acid, acidum acetictun.

ace"ticocep'tor. One o£ the. side chains* assumed to exist in trjrpanosomes and other organisms, which have a special affinity for the acetic-acid radical.

acetimeter (as-e-tim'e-tur) [L. .acetum, vinegar, + G. metron, measure.] An apparatus for deter- mining the content of acetic acid in vinegar or other fluid.

acetin (as,'et-in). A glycerin in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by acetyl.

acetoace'tic acid. Diacetic* acid.

acetom'eter. Acetimeter.

acetomorphine (as"e-to-mor'fen). Heroin.

acetone (as'e-tone). i. A substance, CO.(CH3)2, found in .the urine and blood in diabetes; it is

' the cause of the peculiar odor in that disease. ■^. Acetonum. a, com'pounds, beta-oxybutyric acid, acetoacetic (diacetic) acid, and acetone.

acetone'mia, acetonse'mia [G. haima, blood.] The presence of acetone, in large amount, in the blood, manifested at first by erethisni, later by a pro- gressive depression; acidosis.

acetoni'tril. Methyl cyanide, a colorless fluid of aromatic odor, soluble in water and alcohol.

aceto"noresor'cin, aceto"noresor'cinol. An anti- septic compound of resorcin and acetone.

acetonum (as-e-to'num) (U.S.). Spiritus pyro- aceticus, ether pyroaceticus; a thin colorless \ liquid of an ethereal odor, coiitaining not less than 99 per cent, of absolute acetone dimethyl ketone; has been employed in rheumatism and gout in doses of i!j(is-20 (i. 0-1.3). It has also been used in warfare as a tear gas or lacrymator.

acetonu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The excretion with the urine of large amounts of acetone, an indica- tion of incomplete oxidation of the albuminous ' principles; see acidosis,

acetophenet'idin. Acetphenetidin.

acetophe'none. Hypnone, phenyl-methyl acetone, a coal-tar derivative, a colorless liquid crystalliz- ing in white needles at low temperatures, with an , odor of bitter almond; has been recommended as an hypnotic in doses of 11E1-5 (0.06-0.3). ^• phenet'idin, malarin.

acetopy'rine. Acopyrine, trade name for antipy- rine acetsalicylate; a white crystalline powder, very slightly soluble in water; antipyretic, analgesic, antirheumatic, in doses of gr. 7i— rs (0.5-1.0).

acetorthotoluid (as-et-or-tho-tol'u-id). An isomer . of acetparatoluid having similar properties.

acetosol'uble. Soluble in acetic acid.

acetous (as'ertus).' Relating to vinegar; sour-tast- ing, a. iermenta'tion, fermentation of wine or beer whereby the alcohol is oxidized to form acetic acid, or vinegar.

acet'ozone. Trade name for a mixture of equal parts by weight of benzoyl-acetyl-peroxide and a moist infusorial earth; occurs as a white crystal- line 'powder slightly soluble in water; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever and dysentery.

acetparaminosalol (as-et-par-am"i-no-sal'ol). Salo- phen. ■ ' "

acetpaiaphenet'idin. Acetphenetidinum.

acetparatol'uid. An antipyretic substance in the form of colorless crystals, slightly soluble in water; dose gr. 15—30 (1.0—2.0).

acetphpnetidi'num, acetphenet'idin (U.S.). Phen-

acetin (Br.); an acetyl compound of phenetidin, occurring in the form of white crystalline powder or scales, without odor or taste, soluble in, 12 parts of alcohol and 925 parts of water; analgesic and apyretic in doses of gr. 7^ (o-5)'

acet-theocin -sodium (as " et - the"o-sin-so'dI-um) Soluble theocin.*

acetum, pi. aceta (S-se'tum, S-se'tah) [L. vinum acetum, soured wine, vinegar.] Vinegar. The vinegars (aceta) are" made by treating vegetable drugs with dilute acetic acid. Two aceta are offi- cial in the U.S.P. and five in the B.P. a. aromat'- icum (N.F.), aromatic vinegar, a solution of the volatile oils of cinnamon, cloves, juniper, lavender, lemon, peppermint, and rosemary in alcohol, acetic acid, and water; employed as a cooling lotion in Tieadache and fever, a. canthar'idis (Br.), vinegar of cantharides, i part, in 10 of 50 per cent, acetic acid; used externally. «. Ipecac- uan'hs (Br.), vinegar of ipecac; dose, irits-30 (0.3-2.0). a. mylab'ridis (Br.), vinegar of my lab- ris; a substitute for a. cantharidis, employed as a vesicant, n. o'pii (N.F.)i vinegar of opium, black drop; dose, 11ES-20 (0.3-1.2). a., scil'lse (U.S., Br.), vinegar of squill, dose, njio-30 (0.6- 2.0). a. urgin'ese (B.A.), vinegar of urginea or Indian squill ; Urginea i , . macerated in diluted acetic acid 8; dose, iiJiio-30 (0.6-2.0).

acetyl (as'et-il). A univalent radical, CH5.CO, which is supposed to unite with hydroxyl, OH, to form acetic acid, CH3.COOH; the acetates being formed by the substitution of a metallic atom for the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group. a. chlo'ride, CH3.COCI, a colorless liquid employed as a reagent, a. benzac'onine, aconitine. a, param'ldophe'nol sal'icylate, or a. param"idosaI'- ol, salophen. a. phenylhy'drazin, pyrodin. a. sali- cyl'ic acid, aspirin, a. sal'ol, vesipyrine. a. tan'- nin, tannigen, a. thy'mol, thymol acetate. a. tribromsal'ol, cordyl, analgesic and hypnotic in doses of gr. 8-1 5 (o . 5-1 . o).

acetylene (a-set'e-len). A colorless gas, of a dis- agreeable odor, which bums with an intense white flame; it is prepared commercially by the action of water on calcium carbide. '

achalasia (3.-kal-a'zi-ah) [G. o- priv. -I- chalasis, relaxation.] Failure to relax, referring espe- cially to visceral openings, such as the pylorus, or to sphincter muscles.

Achalme's bacill'us (3,-shalm'). An anaerobic bacillus found in . certain cases of rheumatism, but probably belonging to the same group as Welch's bacillus.

Achard-Castaigne meth'od (S.-shar'kahs-tan') . Methylene-blue test.*

ache (ak) [A.S. acan.] i. To be the seat of a con- tinuous pain. 2. A peculiar dull, yet often severe, continuous pain.

acheilia (S-ki'lI-ah). Achilla.

acheilous (ak'i-lus). Achilous

acheiria (S.-ki'rI-ah). Achiria.

acheiric (S-ki'rik). Achiric.

acheirous (ak'i-ins). Achiroiis.

acheirus (S-ki'rus). Achirus.

achene (a-ken') [L. achenium.] A dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit.

achenium (a-ke'ni-um) [G. o- priv. + chaind, I gape.] Acherte.

achilia (S-ki'U-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- cheilos ip Congenital absence of the lips.

Achillea (i-kil-e'ah). A genus of herbaceous plants

of the order Composites. A. millefo'lium [L.

mille, thousand, -I- folium, leaf], milfoil, yarrow

, a perennial shrub the herbage of which is em-

ACHILLEA

ACHROMODERMA

ployed as a bitter tonic in doses of 54-6 (120.0— 180 . o) of a tea made with i otince of the leaves to I pint of hot water; the dose of the volatile oil is itRS-io (0.3-0.6).

achilleine (4-kil'e-en). An amorphous bitter al- kaloid derived from Achillea millefolium It has been used as an antiperiodic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0), but causes irregular heart action.

Achilles ten'don (S-kil'ez) [a Greek warrior who was vulnerable only in the teel.] Tendo Achillis, tendo* calcaneus [BNA]. A. t. re'flex, see under reflex.

achillobuisitis (a-kil"o-bur-si'(se')tis). Inflamma- tion of a bursa beneath the tendo* calcaneus.

achillodynia (i-kil-o-din'i-ah) [Achilles (tendon) + G. odyne, pain.] Pain due to inflammation of the bursa between the calcaneus and the tendo Achillis (achillobursitis).

achillorrhaphy (4-kil-or'a-fl) [Achilles (tendon) + G. rhaphe, sewing.] Suture of the tendo calcaneus.

achillotenotomy (a-kil"o-ten-ot'o-mi). Achillot- omy.

achillotomy (5-kil-ot'o-mi) [Achilles (tendon) + G. tome, incision.] Division of the tendo calcaneus.

achilous (ak'i-lus) [G. u- priv. + cheilos, lip.] Hav- ing no lips.

achiria (S-ki'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- cheir, hand.] i. Congenital absence of the hands. 2. Anesthesia in, with loss of the sense of possession of, one or both hands; a condition sometimes noted in hysteria. 3. A form of dyschiria in which the patient is unable to tell on which side of the body a stimulus has been applied.

achiric (&-ki'ric). Relating to achiria in either sense.

achirous (ak'i-rus) [G. a- priv. -f- cheir, hand.] Without hands.

achirus (S-ki'rus) [G. a- priv. -I- cheir, hand.] A monster without hands.

achlamydeous (ak-U-mid'e-us) [G. a- priv. + chlamys(chlamyd-), mantle.] In botany, noting a flower without calyx or corolla.

Achlea (ak'le-ah). A genus of thallophytic fungi, \ sometimes saprophytic but more often forming moulds on animals (fish, insects, etc.).

achlorhydiia (S-klor-hi'drl-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- chlorhydric (acid).] Absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

achlorides (3,-klo'ridz). Non-chlorides; salts, other than chlorides in the urine.

achlorop'sia [G. a- priv. + chloros, green, + opsis, vision ] Green-blindness, color-blindness as re- gards green.

acholia (S-ko'U-ah) [G. a- priv. + chole, bile.] Suppressed secretion of bile.

acholuria (a.-ko-lu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + chole, bile, -I- ouron, urine.] Absence of bile pigments in the urine in certain cases of jaundice.

acholuric (S-kol-u'rik). Without the presence of bile in the urine.

achondroplasia (5-kon-dro-pla'zI-ah) [G. o- priv. + chondros, cartilage, -I- plasis, a moulding.] Chondrodystrophy.

achondroplasty (4-kon'dro-plas-ty). Achondroplasia.

achor (ak'or) [G. achor, dandruff.] i. An eruption of small pustules on the hairy parts. 2. A scaly or scabby eruption on the face and scalp in infants. 3. An acuminate pustule.

achoresis (S-ko-re'sis) [G. a- priv. + choreo , I hold.] Permanent contraction of a hollow viscus. such as the stomach or bladder, whereby its capacity is reduced

Achorion (5-ko'rI-on) [G. achor, dandruff.] A genus of parasitic fungi producinir several affections of the skin A. arloing'i, A. guinckeanum. A.

bennet'ti, a species causing mouse favus, probably. the same as A. quinckeanum. A. ceratoph'agus [G. keras, horn, + phago, I eat], a name given to the favjts fungus in onychomycosis. A. gyp'seum, a species pro- ducing a form of favus. A. leber'tii, Tricho- phyton microsporon, the fungus of tinea ton- surans. A. quinckea'num, A. arloingi, alpha fungus of Quincke, the pathogenic fungus of favus herpeticus. A. schoenlei'nii, the fungus of favus. A. viola'ceum, a species found in cases of favus in both mice and men.

achreocythemia (S-kre-o-si-the'mi-ah) [G. achroios, colorless, -I- kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] A state marked by deficiency of hemoglobin and conse- quent paleness of the red blood-cells.

achroacyte (a-kro'ah-sit) [G. a- priv. + chroa, color, + kytos, a hollow (cell).] A colorless cell, a lymphocjrte.

achroacytosis (S-kro-ah-si-to'sis). The occurrence of a great niunber of lymphocytes in the periph- eral circulation.

achToiocythemia (a-kroy"o-si-the'ml-ah). Achreo- cythemia.

achroma (ak-ro'mah) [G a- priv. -I- chroma, color.] Leucoderma.

achromacyte (S-kro'mah-sit). Achromatocyte.

achromasia (i-kro-ma'si-ah) [G. achromatos, color- less.] 1. Absenceof pigment in the skin; vitiligo, albinism, a. Cachectic pallor. 3. Absence of the ordinary staining reaction in a. cell or tissue.

achiomate (i-kro'mat) [G. a- priv. -1- chroma, color.] An absolutely color-blind person.

achromatic (i-kro-mat'ik) [G. o- priv. + chroma, color.] I. Colorless. 2. Not decomposing white liglit, said of a lens. a. lens, a double lens, made of two kinds of glass with different chromatic qualities, so selected that one practically neutral- izes the light dispersion of the other, without interfering with refraction.

achro'matin [G. a- priv. -I- chroma, color] The hyaloplasm or plasm of the cell, so called because of its weak staining property; especially the caryoplasm or structureless protoplasm of the cell-nucleus.

achromatinic (S.-kro-mS-tin'ik). Relating to or containing achromatin.

achromatism (a-kro'mi-tizm) . The quality of being achromatic.

achromatocyte (i-kro-mat'o-sit) [G. a- priv + chroma, color, + kytos, cell.] A decolorized erythrocyte.

achromatolysis (a-kro-ma-tol'i-sis). Plasmolysis, protoplasmolysis, caryoplasmolysis ; dissolution of the achromatin of a cell or of its nucleus.

achromatophil (i-kro-mat'o-fil) [G. a- priv. -I- chrdma, color, + philos, fond.] 1. Not being colored by the histological or bacteriologica stains. 2. A cell or tissue which cannot be stained in the usual way.

achromatopsia (a-kro-mi-top'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. + chroma, color, + opsis, vision.] Color-blindness.

achromatopsy (a-kro'mS-top-se). Achromatopsia.

achromatosis (a-kro-mi-to'sis) [G. a- priv. + chroma, color.] Absence of natural pigmentation, as in albinism.

achromatous (a-kro'm&-tus). Colorless, unpig- mented.

achromaturia (a-kro-m&-tu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + chroma, color, -I- ouron. urine.] The passage of colorless or nearly colorless urine.

achromia (S-kro'ml-ah). Achromatosis

achromic (a-kro'mik). Colorless.

achromoder'ma. Leucoderma.

ACHROMOPHILOUS

ACIDUM

achromophilous (S-kro-mofi-lus). Aohroraatophil.

achromotrichia (a.-kro-mo-trikl-ah) [G. achromos, colorless + thrix{irich-), hair.] Absence or loss of pigment^ the hair; canities.

acbroodextiin (a-kro-o-deks'trin) [G. achroos, color- less.] A form of dextrin which is not colored by iodine.

achylia (a-ki'U-ah) [G. a- priv. + chylos, juice.] I. Absence of the chyle. 3. Absence of the .gastric juice or other digestive ferment, a. gas'trica, diminished or abolished secretion of the gastric juice in atrophy of the mucous membrane of the stomach, a. pancreat'ica, deficiency or ab- sence of the pancreatic secretion resulting in fatty stools, emaciation, and other symptoms of impaired nutrition. i

achylosis (S-ki-lo'sis) • Achylia.

achylous (ak'i-lus) [G achylos, without juice.] i. Lacking in gastric juice or other digestive secretion, a. Having no chyle.

achymia, achymosis (a,-ki'mJ-ah, a-ki-mo'sis) [G. a- priv. -t- chymos, chyme.] Absence or defi- ciency of chyme.

acicular (S,-sik'u-lar) [L. acicula, a needle.] Needle-shaped.

acid (as'id) [L. acidus, sour.] i. A compound of an electronegative element or radical with hydrogen; it forms salts by replacing all or part of the hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical. An acid containing one displaceable atom of hydrogen in the molecule is called monobasic; one containing two such atoms, bibasic; and one containing more than two, poly- basic. 2. In popular language, any chemical compound which has a sour taste. 3. Sour, sharp to the taste.- 4. Relating to an acid; giving an acid reaction, turning a vegetable blue red. (For definitions of the different acids, see the adjectives or under acidum; the acids official in the U.S. and Br. Pharmacopeias are defined under acidum.) a.-albu'min, syntonin; a derived albumin formed by the action of a dilute acid on a native albumin; it is not coagulable by heat, and is precipitated by neutralization of the solu- tion. a.-fast, a term denoting bacteria which are not decolorized by mineral acids after having been stained with aniline dyes; the leprosy, smegma, tubercle, and hay bacilli are examples of acid-fast bacilli, a.-gland, one of the stomach glands secreting the acid of the gastric juice. a.-intozica'tion, a pathological state due to the toxic effect of an excess of acids formed within the organism or introduced from without, a.- proof, a.-fast.

acidaminuria (as"id-am"in-u'ri-ah). The passage of an excess of amino-acids in the urine.

acidemia (as-i-de'mi-ah) [L. acidum, acid, ^- G. haima, blood.] The presence of an acid in the blood.

acid-fast (as'id-fast). See under acid.

acid-gland. See under acid.

acidifiable (a-sid-I-fi'a-bl) [L. acidus, acid, -I- -fieTi, to be made, + habilis, capable.] Capable of being converted into an acid.

acidify (a-sid'i-fi) [L. acidum, acid, + facere, to make.] I. To render acid. 2. To become acid.

acidimeter (as-l-dim'e-tur) [L. acidum, acid, + G. melron, measure.] A device for determining the degree of acidity of a fluid, or the strength of an acid.

acidim'etry. The determination of (i) the acidity of a fluid, or (2) the strength of an acid.

acid-intoxica'tion. See under acid.

acidismus (as-1-diz'mus). Poisoning by acids intro-

duced from without, as contradistinguished from acidosis, or poisoning by acids formed in meta- bolism.

acidity (S,-sid'i-ti). i. The state of being acid. 2. The acid content of a fluid.

acidol (as'e-dol). Betaine hydrochloride.

acidophil, acidophile (^-sid'o-fil, a-sid'o-fil) \L. acidum, acid, -\- G.philos, fond.] Oxyphile; also written acidophilic, acidophilous.

acidosis (as-i-do'sis) [L. acidum,, acid, + G. -oiis.J Oxyosis; a condition in which there is an excess of acid products in the blood or excreted in the urine; there may be an excessive formation, or a deficient oxidation of the amount normally formed; when the condition gives rise to morbid symptoms it is called acid intoxication.

acidosteophyte (as-i-dos'te-o-fit) [G akis, a point, -I- osteon, bone, + phyton, growth.] A sharp-pointed bony outgrowth or osteophyte.

acid'ulate. To render more or less acid or sour.

acid'ulous. Slightly acid or sour.

acidum (as'I-dum) [L.] Acid.

a. ace'ticum (U.S. and Br.), acetic acid, HCjHaOi, C2H402, or CH3COOH; a product of the oxidation of ethylic alcohol and of the destructive distillation of wood; the official acid is a liquid containing 36 per cent. (B.P. 33 per cent.) of absolute acetic acid (hydrogen acetate); employed locally as a counterirritant, and occasionally internally in doses of Il]Js-iS (0.3-1.0); employed also as .1 reagent.

a. ace'ticum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute acetic acid, contains 6 per cent. (B.P., 4.27 per cent.) of absolute acetic acid (hydrogen acetate); dose, 3t-i (2.0-4.0).

a. ace'ticum glacia'le (U.S. and Br.) , glacial acetic acid, contains 99 per cent, absolute acetic acid (hydro- gen acetate) ; employed externally as a caustic for the removal of corns and warts.

a. am'ino-ace'ticum, amino-acetic acid, glycocoll, glycin; white sweetish crystals, soluble in 4i parts of water; employed in photography.

a. arsenic' sum (Br.), white arsenic; arseni* trioxidum (U.S.).

a. arseno'sum, arseni trioxidum.

a. benzo'icum (U.S. and Br.), benzoic acid, benzoyl hydrate; occurs in the form of whitish needles or scales, soluble in 400 parts of water, in 2^ parts of alcohol; antiseptic, diuretic, and expectorant; dose, gr. 10—40 (0.6-2.6).

a. bo'ricum (U.S. and Br.), boric acid, boracic acid,- occurs in the form of pearly laminar crystals or a white unctuous powder, soluble in 25 parts of water; em- ployed as an antiseptic dusting powder, in saturated solution as a collyrium, and with glycerin in aphthae and stomatitis; internal dose, gr. 2-15 (0.12-1.0).

a. bromau'ricum (N.P.), bromauric acid, occurring in the form of reddish brown acicular crystals or granu- 1 ar masses having an acid metallic taste, soluble ia water and in alcohol; employed in the preparation of liquor auri et arseni bromidi, and in the treatment of syphilis in dose of gr. ^ {0.006).

a. camphor'icum, camphoric acid, a white crystalline powder obtained by the action of nitric acid on cam- phor; employed in cystitis and in the night sweats of phthisis in doses of gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0).

a. carbol'icum, carbolic acid, phenyl alcohol, phenyl hydrate, phenol.*

a. carbol'icum ioda'tum, iodized carbolic acid or phenol, phenol iodatum (N.F.), iodine 20, phenol 60, glycerin 20; caustic and counterirritant.

a. carbol'icum liquefac'tum (Br.), phenol liquefactum (U.S.), absolute phenol liquefied by the addition of 10 percent, of water; dose, njji— i (0.03—0.06).

a. chro'micum (Br.), chromii trioxidum (U.S.), H2Cr04; occurs in the form of crimson, odorless, deli- quescent crystals; employed as a caustic.

a. cinnam'icum, cinnamylic acid, phenylacrylic acid, occurs in the form of transparent scaly crystals; em- ployed in infectious diseases to promote leucocytosis, in doses of gr. -Ai-i (0.003-0.015).

ACIDUM

ACIDUM

a. cifricum (U.S. and Br.), citric acid, the acid of citrus fruits; a clear crystalline deliquescent and efflorescent acid, usually made from lemon-juice; used as a preventive of scurvy and as a refreshing drink with water and sugar; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3).

a. cit^ricum sacchara'tum, saccharated citric acid; . citric acid 62 . 5, sugar 37-5; used with saccharated so- dium bicarbonate in the preparation of effervescent saline mixtures.

a. cresyl'icum, cresol.

a. dichlorace'ticum, a colorless liquid, used as a caustic application to venereal sores.

a. for'micum (N.F.), formic acid, aminic acid, a colorless liquid, employed as a muscular tonic in tremor and fatigue, in doses of njia-io (0.2-0.6).

a. gal'Iicum (U.S.), gallic acid, a vellowish white crystalline substance usually made from tannic acid or nutgalls; employed as an astringent for the same purpose as tannic acid, in doses of gr. 2—30 (o. 12—2 . o).

a. glycerophosphor'icum, prepared by heating glycerin with two-thirds its weight of phosphoric acid; used in making the glycerophosphates.

a. hippu'ricum, benzoylglycocoU, a white crystalline substance (CbHqNOs) , used therapeutically in the form of its salts (hippurates of calcium, sodium, and am- monium) .

a. hydriod'icum, hydriodic acid, HI, a colorless gas readily soluble in water.

a. hydriod'icum dilu'tum (U.S.), a solution containing not less than 10 per cent, of the absolute acid; em- ployed in cases in which the iodides are indicated in doses of IIU5-30 (0.3-2.0).

■ a. hydrobro'micum, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen bromide, HBr, a straw-colored fluid, official in U.S. and Br. as o. hydrobromicum dilutum, a solution con- taining not less than 10 per cent, of the absolute acid; employed as a substitute for the bromides in dose of II]3iS-6o (1.0-4.0).

a. hydrochlo'ricum (U.S. and Br.), hydrochloric acid, muriatic acid, HCl; a liquid containing 31.9 (Br. 31 .79) per cent, of the absolute acid, employed as an escharotic, and rarely internally in dose of IIJ2-10 (0,12-0.6) well diluted.

a. hydrochlo'ricum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute hydrochloric or muriatic acid, a liquid containing 10 (Br. 10.58) per cent, of the absolute acid; employed in dyspepsia and as a biliary stimulant in doses of T^[s-2o (0.3-1.3). .

a. hydrocinnam'icum, beta-phenol-propionic acid, in white feathery crystals; employed in phthisis in doses of gr. ^2 (o . 03-0 .12).

a. hydrocyan'icum, hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid, HCN; a colorless liquid, obtained from amygdalin present in bitter almonds, the stones of peaches, plums, and other fruits, and laurel leaves. Scheele's acid is a 4 per cent, solution of absolute hydrocyanic acid.

a. hydrocyan'icum dllu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute hydrocyanic acid, a 2 per cent, solution of absolute hydrocyanic acid; employed in gastralgia and as a sedative in doses of TiPi-s (0.06-0.3).

a. hydrofiuor'icum, obtained by the action of sul- phuric acid on fluor spar; has been used in doses of T1J35-20 (0.3-1.2) of the dilute acid (0.2 per cent.), in the treatment of goiter.

a. hypophosphoro'sum (U.S.), hypophosphorous acid; a 30 per cent, aqueous solution of absolute hypo- phosphorous acid, HPH2O2; employed in pharmacy.

a. hypophosphoro'sum dilu'tum (U.S.), dilute hypophosphorous acid, contains 10 per cent, of the absolute acid; employed rarely in nervous disorders in place of the hypophosphites in doses of TIJs-io (0.3- 0.6).

a. iod'icum, a white crystalline soluble powder, antiseptic and deodorant; used in ozena, as a lotion in ulcers and in operable cancer, and internally as an alterative and intestinal antiseptic in dose of gr, 1-2 (0.06-0.12) well diluted.

a. lac'ticum (U.S. and Br.), lactic acid, a syrupy, acid, odorless, and colorless liquid obtained by the action of the lactic acid bacillus on milk or milk-sugar; employed in concentrated form as an application to morbid growths, and internally in doses- of lT])s-2o (0.3-1.2) well diluted to prevent gastrointestinal

fermentation. A culture of the bacillus or milk con- taining it is usually given in place of the pure acid,

a. metaphosphor'icum dilu'tum, diluted metaphos- phoric acid, diluted glacial phosphoric acid; a 10 per cent, aqueous solution of glacial phosphoric acid, for- merly employed as a substitute for the official diluted phosphoric acid in certain mixtures.

a. mouochlorace'ticum, occurs in, deliquescent white crystals; employed as a caustic for corns and warts.

a. ni'tricum (U.S. and Br.), nitric acid, HNO3, contains 68 (Br. 70) per cent, by weight of the concen- trated acid; employed as a caustic for warts.

a. ni'tricum dilu'tum (Br.), contains 17.4 per cent, concentrated nitric acid; hepatic stimulant and tonic in doses of 1515—20 (0.3—1.2).

a. ni'tricum fu'mans^ fuming nitric acid, contains about 91 per cent, concentrated nitric acid, employed as a caustic'

a. nitrohydrochlo'ricum (U.S.), nitrohydrochloric or nitromuriatic acid, aqua regia, contains nitric acid 18, hydrochloric acid 82 volumes; a fuming corro- sive, yellowish liquid, used as a caustic.

a. nitrohydrochlo'ricum dUu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute nitrohydrochloric or nitromuriatic acid; used as a tonic and hepatic stimulant in doses of nUs-2o (0.3-1.2).

a. ole'icum (U.S.), oleic acid, an organic acid pre- pared from fats, occurs as a yellowish liquid; used to form oleates.

a. os'micum, osmic acid, hyperosmic acid, osmium tetroxide; employed in solution for hardening tissues preparatory to mounting, and by hypodermic injec- tion of I or 2 per cent, solution in neuralgia.

a. oxal'icum, oxalic acid, a poisonous acid in crystals resembling magnesium sulphate, employed in the removal of ink and other stains.

a. phen"ylcinchonin'icum (U.S.)i phenylcinchonin- ic acid, phenylquinoline-carboxylic acid, atophan, cin- chophen; an organic acid occurring as small colorless acicular crystals or a yellowish white powder of bitter taste, insoluble in cold water and but slightly soluble in hot water; diuretic and uric acid eliminant in dose of gr. 8 Co-S)-

a. phosphor'icum (U.S.), a liquid containing 85 per cent, absolute orthophosphoric acid.

a. phosphor'icum concentra'tum (Br.), contains 66.3 per cent, of the absolute acid.

a. phosphor'icum dUu'tum (U.S. and Br.), contains 10 (Br. 13 .8) per cent, absolute acid; tonic and stimu- lant digestive in doses of liP 15-30 (1.0-2.0) diluted, a. salicyl'icum (U.S. and Br.), salicylic acid, ortho- oxybenzoic acid; white, colorless, odorless crystals, derived from oil of wintergreen or made synthetically from phenol; employed in rheumatism and gastro- intestinal fermentation in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). a. stear'icum (U.S.), stearic acid, a monobasic acid made from fats, occurs as a hard white solid; used in pharmaceutical preparations,

a. sulphocarbol'icum, .phenol-sulphonic acid, sozolic acid; prepared by the action of strong ulphuric acids on phenol; antiseptic and disinfectant; aseptol is a 33 per cent, solution of this acid.

a. sulphu'ricum (U.S. and Br,), sulphuric acid, oil of vitriol, H2SO4, colorless and nearly odorless, heavy, oily, corrqsive liquid containing 92.5 (Br. 98) per cent of absolute acid ; employed occasionally as a caustic.

a. sulphu'ricum aromaficum (U.S. and Br.), aro- matic sulphuric acid, elixir of vitriol, contains sul- phuric acid II, tincture of ginger 5, oil of cinnamon 0.0 1, in alcohol 84; the Br. preparation contains about 6 per cent, acid; employed as a tonic and astringent and in the night sweats of phthisis in doses of Ti])5-i5 (0.3-1.0).

a. sulphu'ricum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute sulphuric acid; employed as a tonic and intestinal astringent in doses of TiPs-is (0.3-1.0).

a. sulphuro'sum (Br.), sulphurous acid, H2S0», a 5 per cent, solution of the absolute acid; used chiefly as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, and occasionally as a spray in tonsillitis; internal dose, naso (2.0).

a. tan nicum (U.S. and Br.), tannic acid, tannin, a light greenish yellow, very soluble powder, extracted by ether from galls; styptic and asthngept employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3)

ACIDUM

13

ACOPROSIS

a. tartar'icum (U.S.) 1 tartaric acid, made from crude taitat or argol, occurring as a soluble white powder or crystals; laxative and refrigerant, employed in the manufacture of Seidlitz powders and various effervesc- ing tablets and granules; dose gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).

a. tartar'icum sacchara'tum, saccharated tartaric acid; tartaric acid 67.5, sugar 3 2.5; used with sacchar- ated sodium bicarbonate in the preparation of efferves- cent saline mixtures.

a. trichlorace'ticum (U.S.), trichloracetic acid, C2HCI3O2, occurring in the form of deliquescent crys- tals prepared by the action of fuming nitric acid on chloral hydrate; it is acetic acid in which three of the four hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine; em- ployed as an escharotic for venereal and other warts.

acidu'ric [L. acidum, acid, + durare, to endure.] Kendall's term to note the acidophil bacteria, which grow in acid media, but grow better in slightly alkaline media.

acidyl (as'id-il) [L. acidum, acid, + hyle, stuff.] A general term for the acid radicals.

acies (a'sl-ez) [L. edge.] Margin, border, edge. a. thal'ami op'tici, stria meduUaris.

acinesia (as-in-e'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. -t- kinesis, move- ment.] Akjnesia.

acine'sic. Aciuetic.

acinet'ic. Akinetic, without the power of voluntary motion.

acin'ic. Acinous.

aciniform (as-in'I-form) [L. acinus, grape, -I- forma, shape.] Acinous.

acinose (as'in-oze). Acinous.

acinous (as'in-us) [L. acinus, grape.] Resembling a bunch of grapes ; noting certain glands (alveolar glands'), the excretory ducts of which start from little sacs (acini) arranged in clusters like grapes.

acinus, gen. and pi. acini (as'in-us) [L. berry, grape ] Alveolus. I. One of the minute sac-like begin- nings of the excretory ducts of an acinous or alveolar gland, an aggregation of which consti- tutes a lobule. 2. An air-cell of the lung. 3. A lobule of the liver.

aclas'tic [G. a- priv. + klastos, broken in pieces.] Non-refractive, not refracting the rays of light.

acleistocardia (a.-klis-to-kar'di-ah) [G- <J- priv. + kleistos, closed, + kardia, heart.] Patency of the foramen ovale of the heart.

ac'me [G. akme, the highest point.] i. The period of greatest intensity of a f eVer or of any symptom 2. Acne.

ac'ne [probably a corruption (or copyist's error) of G. akme, point or efflorescence.] A papular eruption due to inflammation, with accumulation of secretion, of the sebaceous glands, a. agmina'- ta, acnitis, an eruption of small, dusky, reddish papules on the face, becoming pustular, and followed by slight scarring, a. al'bida [L. whit- ish], milium, a. artificialis, a. produced by external irritants, such as tar, or drugs inter- nally administered, such as iodine, a. atroph'ica, a,, vulgaris in which the lesions leave a, slight amount of scarring; a. varioliformis, a. cachecr tico'rum, simple a. occurring in the subjects of anemia or of some debilitating constitutional disease, a. dissemina'ta, a. vulgaris, a. erythe^ mato'sa, a. rosacea, a. exul'cerans serpigino'sa na'si, a peripherally progressing eruption of minute papular granulomata, followed by scar- ring, on the nose. a. fronta'lis, a. of the forehead. a. hypertroph'ica, a., vulgaris in which the lesions, on healing, leave conspicuous scars, a. indura'ta, deeply seated a. with hard tubercular lesions varying from simple papules to tumors the size of a pea. a. keloid, sycosis nuchas necrotisans; a, kerato'sa, an eruption of papules consisting of

homy plugs projecting from the hair foUiclesj accompanied by inflammation, a. lupoi'des, a. varioliformis, a. mentag'ra, sycosis vulgaris^ a. necrot'ica, a. varioliformis, a. papulo'sa> a. vulgaris in which the papular lesions pre- dominate, a. pustulo'sa, a. vulgaris in which the pustular lesions predominate, a. ro'dens, a. varioliformis, a. rosa'cea, a. erythematosa, rosacea, a., of the cheeks and nose associated with congestion and the formation of telangiectases. a. scorbu'tica, a papular eruption accompanied by cutaneous hemorrhages, a. scrofuloso'rum, a form of a. cachecticonun, occurring in •scrofur lous children, seated chiefly in the lower extremities, a. sim'plex, simple a., a. vulgaris. a. urtica'ta, an eruption of acne-like lesions, beginning as small urticarial wheals and folr lowed by slight scarring, a. variolifor'mis, a. pustiilosa followed by scarring, occurring chiefly on the forehead and temples at the border of the scalp, a. Tulga'ris, a. simplex, a., dissemi- nata, simple uncomplicated a., an eruption of papules and pustules on an inflammatory base, due to an inflammation originating in the seba* ceous follicles.

Bc'neform, acne'ifoim [acne + L. forma, shape.] Resembling acne.

acnitis (ak-ni'(ne')tis). Acne agminata.

acocan'thera. Toxicophloea, Hottentot's poison bush; a South African arrow poison containing, ouabain, juice from the leaves and stems . of Acocanthera venenata,,

acocantherin (S-ko-kan'ther-in). Ouabain.

acoelius (S-se'li-us) [G. a- priv. + koilia, abdomen.^ A monster without abdomen.

acognosy. (S-kog'no-sI) [G. akos, remedy, -(- gnosis;

.' knowledge.] A knowledge of remedies.

acoin (ak'o-in), A white crystalline powder, dipara-anisylmonophenetyl-guanidin hydrochloiv ide, employed for infiltration anesthesia (i— 1000 solution), and also as a' local anesthetic in eye surgery, in i per cent, solution.

acol'ogy [G. akos, remedy, 4- -logia.l Materia medica. i ■

aco'mia [G. a- priv. + kome, hair of the head.] Alopecia, baldness.

ac'onine. An amorphous, bitter, non-poisonous alkaloid, derived from aconitine.

ac'onite. The root of Aconitum napellus; see aconitum.

aconiti'na (U.S. and Br.). Aconitine, acetylben- zoylaconine, the active principle (alkaloid) of aconitum, occurring in white crystals; exceed- ingly poisonous; employed as a cardiac sedative in dose of gr. yjj (0.00015). The unguentum is official in the B.P.

Aconi'tum [L. wolfsbane.] A genus of herbaceous plants of the natural order Ranunculacece, the root of one species of which, A. napellus, is the drug aconite. The alkaloid aconitine is usually obtained from the root of another species, A. ferox.

aconi'tum, gen. aconi'ti [G. akoniton, monkshood.] (U.S.) Aconiti radix (Br.), the root of Aconitum napellus, monkshood or wolfsbane; antipyretic' diuretic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, a cardiac and respiratory depressant; externally analgesic; dose of the crude drug, gr. i (0.06). The fluid- extract, liniment, and tincture are official in the U.S.P., or B.P., or both.

aconure'sis [G. akon, involuntary, + ouresis, micturition.] Enuresis, involuntary urination.

acoprosis (S-kS-pro'sis) [G. a- priv. + koprbs, feces.] Absence or great scantiness of fecal matter in the intestines.

ACOPYRINE

14

ACROCEPHALIC

acopyrine (ak-o-pi'ren) Acetopyrine, antipyrine* acetylsalicylate.

a'cor [L. a soxir taste.] Gastric acidity, pyrosis.

acorea (i-ko-re'ah) [G. a- priv. + korS, pupil.] Con- genital absence of the pupil of the eye.

acoiia (5-ko'ri-ah) [G. excessive appetite, from o- priv. + kore, satiety.] 1. Absence of the feeling of satiety after eating, from which may arise:

2. Gluttony. To be distinguished from bulimia in which actual hunger persists.

acor'mus [a- priv. + kormos, trunk.] A form of acardiacus in which the entire trunk is lacking.

acoulal'ion [G. akoud, I hear, + lalia, talking.] An instrument for enabling the very deaf to hear; it is constructed on the principle of the telephone with a sound-magnifying attachment.

acoumeter (i-koo'ine-ter) [G. akoud, I hear, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the acuity of hearing, consisting of a movable and a fixed steel rod, the striking of one of which upon the other gives a sharp click.

acotunetiy (i-koo'me-trl). Measurement of the hearing faculty.

acouphone (i'koo-f on) [G. akoud, I ' hear, + phone, sound.] An electrical appliance, on the principle of the telephone, for enabling the deaf to hear; spelled also akouphone.

acousm a(^-kooz'mah) [G. akousma, a rumor.] An auditory hallucination.

acousmatagnosia (S-kooz-mi-tag-no'sI-ah) [G. ak- ousma(akousmat~), a thing heard, -f- agnosia, ignorance.] Mind-deafness ; inability to grasp the meaning of what is heard.

acousmatamnesia (3,-kooz-ina-tam-ne'sI-ah) [G. akousma, something heard, + amnesia, forget-

, fulness ] A loss of memory for sounds.

acoustic (3.-koos'tik) [G. akousiikos.] Relating to hearing or the perception of sound.

acousticon (3.-koos'ti-kon) [G. akousiikos, relating to hearing.] An electrical appliance, on the principle of the telephone, for enabling the deaf to hear better.

acoustics (a,-koos'tiks) [G. akousiikos, relating to hearing.] The science which treats of sounds and of their perception.

acquired (^-kwird') [L, acquirers, to obtain.] Noting a disease, predisposition, habit, etc., which is not congenital but has taken possession of one at some period after birth.

acquisitus (3,-kwiz'i-tus) [L.] Acquired, noting a non-congenital dermatosis or other disease.

acraconitine (ak"r&-kon'I-ten) [L. acer (acr-), violent, + E. aconiiine.] Pseudaconitine, an alkaloid from Aconilwm ferox, said to be twice the strength of aconitine.

acrania (i-kra'nl-ah) fG. a- priv. -1- kranion, skull.] Congenital absence of most or all of the bones of the cranium.

acra'nial. [G. a- priv. -t- kranion, skull.] Having no cranium; relating to an acranius.

acra'nius [G. a- priv. + kranion, skull.] A monster having no cranium, or with only the bones form- ing the base of the skull

acrasia (S-kra'sI-ah) [G.] Incontinence, intemper- ance.

acratia (i-kra'shyah) [G. akraieia, incontinence.] 1. Incontinence. 2. Loss of strength, weakness.

3. Lack of control.

acraturesis (ak-rS-tu-re'sis) [G. akraies, powerless, incontinent, -I- ourSsis, urination.] i. Inconti- nence of urine. 2. Feeble urination due to vesical atony.

Acree-Rosenheim test (ah'kra-ro'zen-him) . For protein; mix 5 to 10 drops of a 1-5000 solution

of formaldehyde with the suspected fluid in a test-tube, then trickle a little sulphuric acid down the side of the tube; if protein is present the line of contact will show a violet coloration.

Ac'rel's gang'lion [Olof Acrel, Swedish surgeon, 1717-1807.] Ganglion on the extensor tendons of the wrist.

acremoniosis (ak-re-mo-ni-o'sis). A condition marked by fever and the occurrence of gumma- like swellings, caused by a fungus Acremonium potronii.

acribom'eter [G. akribes, exact, + metron, measure ] An instrument for measiiring very minute objects.

ac'rid [L. acer{acr-), pungent.] Sharp, pungent, biting, irritating, a. poison, a poison which causes a destructive local irritation as well as systemic effects.

aciidine (i'krl-den). An alkaloid derived from gas-tar; occurs in colorless crystals of an acid odor and taste.

acriflavine (ak-ri-fla'ven) . An acridine dye (diam- ino-methyl-acridinium chloride) , possessing very powerful antiseptic properties, especially in the presence of serum; said to be 20 times more powerful than mercuric chloride and 800 times more so than phenol.

acrimo'ma [L. pungency.] A sharp, pungent, disease-provoking humor; a. term of the ancient humoral pathologists.

ac'rimony [L acrimonia, pungency.] The quality of being intensely irritant, biting, or pungent.

ac'rinyl sulphocy'anlde. White mustard oil, formed by the action of myrosin on synalbin, parahy- droxybenzyl-isothiocyanate, C,H,ONCS ; a yellow, pungent, vesicating liquid.

acrisia (5-kris'i-ah) [G. a- priv. + krisis, judgment.] A condition in which diagnosis and especially prognosis are uncertain.

acrit'ical [G. a- priv. + kriiikos, critical.] i. Not critical ; marked by no crisis, noting the diseases terminating by lysis, z. Indeterminate, especially as regards prognosis.

acritochromacy (S-kri-to-kro'ma-si) [G. akritos, not distinguishing, + chroma, color.] Color-blindness.

acroaesthesia (ak"ro-es-the'zJ-ah). Acroesthesia.

acroanesthesia, acroanassthesia (ak"ro-an-es-the'- zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, + an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] i . Complete anesthesia, total absence of sensation z. [G. akron. end, extremity.] Anesthesia of one or more of the extremities.

acroarthritis (ak"ro-ar-thri'(thre )tis) [G. akron, end, extremity, -t- arihron, joint, -t- -iiis.] Inflam- mation of the joints of the hands or feet.

acroasphyzia ^ (ak"ro-as-fiks'i-ah) [G. akron, ex- tremity, + asphyxia, stoppage of the pulse] Raynaud's* disease.

acroatazia (ak"ro-a-taks1-ah) [G. akros, highest, first part, + ataxia.] Ataxia or muscular inco- ordination affecting the distal portion of the ex- tremities— hands and fingers, feet and toes.

ac'roblast [G. akros, topmost, + blasios, germ.] One of the embryonic cells forming the outer layer of the mesoblast.

acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'ti-o-Iith) [G. akrobysiia, prepuce, -I- liihos, stone.] A preputial calculus.

acrobystitis (ak-ro-bis-ti'(te')tis) " [G. akrobystia, prepuce.] Inflammation of the prepuce, pos- thitis.

acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'pus) [G. akros, at the top, + karpos, fruit.] In botany noting a moss in which the archegonium is developed on the summit of the primary stem.

acrocepha'lia. Acrocephaly.

aorocephal'ic [G. akron, tip, -f- kephale, head.]

ACROCEPHALIC

IS

ACROTIC

Having a, high or peaked head. Noting a skull with a vertical index above 77. Similar to hypsicephalic {q.v.). acroceph'alous. Acrocephalic.

acToceph'aly [G. akron, tip, + kephale, head.] Malformation of the head, consisting in a high or pointed cranial vault, due to premature closure of the sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures.

acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'don) [G. akron, extremity, + chorde, cord.] A small pedunculated growth, as in moUuscum pendulum. acrocinesia (ak-ro-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, + kinesis, movement.] Excessive movement.

acrocinet'ic. Being extremely motile.

acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'sis) [G. akron, extremity, + kyanosis, dark blue color.] Cyanosis of the finger-tips, resembling that of Raynaud's* dis- ease, but differing from it in the absence of a pro-

^ dromic local asphyxia, in its permanence, and in the absence or slight degree of accompanying pain,

acrodermatitis (ak-ro-dur-mah-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, extremity, + derma, skin, -I- -t/ii.] Inflamma- tion of the skin of the arms or legs. a. per'stans, a persistently recurring form of dermatitis repens. a. vesiculo'sa trop'ica, a condition marked by a glossy appearance of the skin of the fingers, with minute vesicles imbedded in it; some pain in the hand and fingers is complained of.

acrodont (ak'ro-dont) [G. akros, edge, -f odous (pdont-), tooth.] Noting an animal (such as certain lizards) having the teeth attached directly to the edge of the jaws and not inserted in alveoli.

acrodynia (ak-ro-din'I-ah) [G. nkron, extremity, + odyne, pain.] 1 . An epidemic which prevailed in Paris in 1828, marked by pain in the extremities, especially the legs and feet, accompanied by con- tractures, an eruption of patches of er3d;hema, and sometimes digestive disturbances; supposed to have been pellagra, ergotism, or dengue. 2. Multiple neuritis of the fingers or toes.

acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the'zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] i. Extreme degree of hyperesthesia, i. '[G. akron, extremity.] Hy- peresthesia of one or more of the extremities.

acrogenous (&-kroj'en-us) [G. akros, at the sum.mit, -f gennad, I produce.] In botany, increasing by apical growth.

acrolein (a-kro^e-in) [L. acer{acr-), acrid, -I- oleum, oil.] AUyl aldehyde, a, light volatile oily liquid, giving off irritant vapor, derived from glycerin by heating alone or heating with acid potassium sulphate or phosphoric anhydride.

acroma'nia [G. akros, extreme, + m-ania, frenzy.] Excessively violent mania.

acromastitis (a"kro-mas-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, tip, H- mastos, breast, + -itis^ Thelitis, inflamma- tion of the nipple.

acromega'lia, acromeg'aly [G. akron, extremity, 4- megas(megal-), large.] Marie's disease, a trophic disorder marked by progressive enlargement of the head and face, hands and feet, and thorax, probably due to altered fimction of the hypophy- sis cerebri.

acromelalgia (ak-ro-mel-al'jJ-ah) [G. akros, terminal, +melos, limb, -f- algos, pain.] A vasomotor neurosis marked by redness, pain, and swelling. of the fingers and toes, headache, and vomiting; probably the same as erythromelalgia.

acrometagenesis (ak-ro-met-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. akron, extremity, 4- meta, beyond, + genesis, origin.] Abnormal development of the extremities result- ing in deformity.

acro'mial. Relating to the acromion, a. angle,

the angle at the lower edge of the spme of the scapula where it ascends to become the acromion. a. process, acromion.

acromicria (ak-ro-mik'ri-ah) [G. akron, extremity, + mikros, small.] Congenital shortness or general smallness of one or more extremities.

acro"mioclavic'ular. Relating to the acromion and the clavicle, noting the articulation between the clavicle and the scapula, and its ligaments.

acro"miocor'acoid. Relating to the acromion and the coracoid process, same as coracoacromial.

acro'miohu"meral. Relating to the acromion and the humerus.

acro'mion [G. akron, tip, + omos, shoulder.] Acro- mial process, the outer end of the spine of the scapula which projects as a broad flattened proc- ess overhanging the glenoid fossa; it articulates with the clavicle and gives attachment to the deltoid and some fibers of the trapezius.

acromiothoracic (a-kro"me-o-tho-ras'ik). Relating to the acromion and the thorax, noting a branch of the axillary artery.

acrom'phalus [G. akron, top, + omphalos, umbili- cus.] Abnormal projection of the umbilicus.

acromyotonia (ak"-ro-mi-o-to'ni-ah) [G. akron, ex- tremity, + mys, muscle, -|- tonos, tension.] Myotonia affecting the extremities only, result- ing in spasmodic deformity of the hand or foot.

acromyotonus (ak-ro-mi-ot'o-nus). Acromyoto- nia.

acronarcot'ic [L. acer(acr-), pungent, acrid.] ±. Both irritant in local effect and narcotic in action upon the nerve centers. 2. A narcotic poison which is locally irritant.

acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'sis) [G. akron, extremity.] Any neurosis,, usually vasomotor in nature, mani- festing itself in the extremities.

acroparal'ysis [G. akron, extremity.] Paralysis affecting the muscles of one or more of the extremities.

acroparesthesia, acroparaesthesia (ak"ro-par-es-the'- zl-ah) [G. akron, extremity.] i. Paresthesia (numbness, tingling, and other abnormal sensa- tions) of one or more of the extremities. 2. [G. akros, extreme.] An extreme degree of paresthesia.

ac"ropathol'ogy [G. akron, extremity.] Pathology of the extremities ; a study of the morbid changes in orthopedic affections.

acrop'etal [G. akron, the top, -I- L. petere, to seek.] In a direction toward the summit ; basif ugal.

acropho'bia [G. akron, top, + phobos, fear] A morbid dread of elevated places.

acroposthitis (ak"ro-pos-thi'(the')tis) [G. akro- posthia, prepuce, + -itis.l Inflammation of the prepuce.

acroscleroderma (ak"ro-skle"ro-duT'mah) G. akron, extremity, -I- skleros, hard, -t- derma, skin.] Induration of the skin of the fingers or toes, sclerodactyly.

acrosome (ak'ro-s5m) [G. akron, tip, + soma, body.] The anterior extremity of the head of the sper- matozoon, or the body from which this is devel- oped.

acrosphacelus.(ak"ro-sfas'e-lus) [G. akron, extremity, +sphakelos, gangrene.] Raynaud's* disease.

acroter'ic [G. akroterion, the topmost point.] Relating to the extreme periphery, such as the tips of fingers and toes, the end of the nose, etc.

acrotic (a.-krot'ik) i. [G. akrotes, height.] Relat- ing to the surface of the body, especially the cutaneous glands. 2. [G. o- priv. + krotos, a striking.] Marked by great weakness or absence of the pulse.

ACROTISM

i6

AUTiVJi

ac'rotism [G. a- priv. + krotos, a striking.] Absence or imperceptibility of the pulse.

aciotrophoneurosis (ak"ro-trof"Q-nu-ro'sis) [G. akron, extremity.] A trophoneurgsis of one or more of the extremities.

aciyl'ic acid. A volatile acid occurring in Sar- racenia purpurea or the American pitcher-plant.

Acts'a. A genus of plants, baneberry, of the order RanunculacecB, having for the most part prop- erties similar to those of cimicifuga. A. al'ba, white cohosh. A. argu'ta, red cohosh of western America. A. racemo'sa, Cimicifuga racemosa. A. ru'bra, red cohosh of eastern America. A. spica'ta, herb Christopher, European baner berry.

actin'ic [G. aktis{aktin-), a ray.] Relating to the chemically active rays of the spectrum

actinism (ak'tin-izm). The chemical action of rays from a luminous source, residing chiefly though not exclusively in and beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.

actinium (ak-tin'K-um) [G. aktis, a ray.] An , element, symbol Ac, discovered by Debierne in pitchblende; its disintegration product (radioactinium) is radioactive, but actinium itself appears to be rayless.. The four known actinium emanations are called respectively actinium A, B, C, and D. a. X, the disin- tegration product of radioactinium.

actinochemistry (ak"tin-o-kem'is-tr!(). Chemical processes promoted by the action of rays from a luminous source. i

ac'tinoclad'othriz [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, H- klados, branch, + thrix, hair.] Actinomyces bovis.

actinocutitis (ak"tin-o-ku-ti'(te')tis)[G. alitis{aktin-), ray, + L. cutis, skin, + G. -itisi] Actinoderma- titis. I

actinodennatitis (ak"tin-o-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, + derma, skin, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation of the skin produced by radio- action, as of light, radium, or «-rays.

actin'ogram [G. akiis(akiin-), ray, + gramma,, a drawing, picture.] Skiagram; the record made on a photographic plate by the a;-rays or rays proceeding from radium or other radioactive bodies.

actin'ograph [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- grapho, I write.] 1. Skiagraph, an apparatus for making actinograms. i. An apparatus for determining the proper exposure of a photographic plate according to the degree of light.

actinograph'ic. Relating to actinography.

actinog'raphy. Skiagraphy; the making of actino- grams.

actinolite (ak-tin'o-lit) . An apparatus used in the application of the actinic rays in dermatology.

actinol'ogy [G. aktis (akiin^), ray, + -logia.'] Radi- ology; the science which treats of radiant energy, of the chemical and other actions of rays proceed- ing from luminous bodies, of those from radium and other radioactive substances, and of «-rays, and of the sources of these rays.

actinom'etcr [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the intensity and, penetrating power of Roentgen and other rays.

actinotnycelial (ak"tI-no-mi-se'lI-al). Relating to ■ the mycelium of the ray-fungus, or actinomyces.

Actinomy'ces [G. akiisiaktin-), ray, + mykes, fun- gus.] Ray-fungus, so called because it occurs in the form of an aggregation of radiating club- shaped rods; it constitutes a group of the higher bacteria. The genus Nocardia* now includes this and a number of other microorganisms.

A. bo'vis, Nocardia bovis, the specific cause of actinomycosis, or lumpy-jaw, in cattle. A. far- cin'ica, Nocardia farcinica, the specific organism of a cattle disease of Guadaloupe, called farcin de boeuf. A. madu'rse, Nocardia madurce, Slrep- tothrix madurce^ the specific cause of the so-called white mycetoma,* or Madura foot.

actinomycetic (ak"tm-o-mi-se'tik). Relating to actinomyces or the ray-fungus. !

actinomyco'sis [G. aktis{aktin-), ray, + mykes, fungus.] A disease of cattle and swine, some- times communicated to man, caused by the rayt fungus, Actinomyces (Nocardia). It affects the jaw most commonly, but the fungus may invade the brain, lungs, or gastroenteric tract. It is characterized by the formation of granulomata of sluggish growth, which eventually break down and discharge a viscid pus containing minute yellowish granules; the constitutional symptoms are of a septic character.

actinomycot'ic. Relating to actinomycosis, or lumpy-jaw in cattle.

actinomy'cotin. A preparation from actinomyces cultures, analogous to tuberculin, employed thera- peutically in actinomycosis.

Actinomyxid'ia [G. aktis(akiin^), a ray, + myxa, mucus.] An order of Neosporidia, having a double cellular envelope, three polar capsules, and eight spores.

actinoneuritis (ak"tI-no-nu-ri'(re-')tis) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -t- neuron, nerve, -I- -itis.'\ Neu- ritis caused by prolonged and repeated exposure to the «-rays or radium.

actinophore (ak-tin'o-for) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, +. pharos, bearer.] Pterygophore.

Actinop'oda [G. aktis, ray, + pous(pod-), foot.] A class of Sarcodina having slender pseudopodia with a central axial filament..

actinoprax'is [G. aktis(akiin-), ray, + praxis, a doing.] The employment of light rays, x-rays, or radium in diagnosis or treatment.

actinos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by means of the «-rays ; actinostereoscopy, skiascopy, fluoroscopy, radioscopy, roentgenoscopy.

actinosteTeos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, + stereos, solid, 4- skopeo, I examine.] Actinoscopy.

ac"tinotherapeu'tic. Relating to actinotherapeutics.

ac"tin6therapeu'tics [G..aktis(aktin-), ray, -f- thera- peud, I cure.] Actinotherapy.

ac"tinother'apy [G. aktis (aklin-), ray, -f therapeia, a healing.] Radiotherapy, actinotherapeutics; the treatment of disease by radiant energy, rays from the sun or electric light, those from radium or other radioactive body, or the jc-rays. ;

action (ak'shun) [L. actio, from agere, to do.] i. The performance of any of the vital functions, the manner of such performance, or the result of the same. 2. The exertion of any force or power, physical, chemical, or mental, a. patt'ern, see pattern, chem'ical a., see reaction, re'flex a., see reflex.

activate (ak'tl-v5t). i. To render active. 2. To make radioactive; specifically, to charge water with radium emanation.

activator (ak'ti-va-tor). i. A substance, the pres- ence of which renders another substance, such as. an enzytne, active. 2. Cohnheim's term for the internal secretion of the pancreas. 3. An ap^ paratus for impregnating water with radium emanation.

ac'tive. Efficient, producing effect, especially a prompt effect; not passive; bustling, busy.

ACTOL, AKTOL

17

ADAMS SPRINGS

ac'tol, ak'tol. A trade name for silver lactate,, a white powder soluble in 15 parts of water and cont2uning about 50 per cent, of metallic silver; employed in solutions of i-iooo to 1-200 as an irrigating fluid and as an application to fistulas, ulcers, etc.; its chemical formula is CjHtOjAg + HjO.

actual (ak'chu-al) [L. actus, performance.] Real, existent, active, not potential, a. cau'teiy, a cautery, such as the hot iron, which acts through virtue of its heat and not chemically.

acufilopressure (ak-u-fi'lo-presh-ur) [L. (icus, needle + filum, thread, + pressura, pressure.] Acu pressiu-e fortified by a ligature passed under the needle, increasing the, compression, of the artery.

acu'ity [L. acuere, to sharpen.] Sharpness, clear- ness, distinctness.

acu'minate [L. acuminaius, sharpened.] Pointed, tapering to a point, conical.

acupressure (ak'u-presh-ur) [L. acus, needle, + pressura, pressure.] A procedure for occluding a wounded artery; a needle is passed in and out of the tissues on either side of the artery, so that its • free central portion presses the vessel against the underlying tissues,, thereby occluding it..

acupuncture (ak'u-punk-chur) [L. acus, needle, + punctura, puncture.] Pimcture made with long fine needles for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes ; stylostixis.

a'cus [L. needle.] A needle.

acute (i-kut') [L. acutus, sharp.] i. Sharp 2. Clever. 3. Of short and sharp course, not chronic; said of a disease.

acutenacultun (ak"u-ten-ak'u-lum) [L. acus, needle, + tenaculum, holder.] Needle-holder.

acutorsion (ak-u-tor'shun) [L. acus, needle, + torsio, twisting.} Arrest of hemorrhage from a wounded artery by the passage of a needle through the vessel near the open end, including some of the tissues, and then making a half or a complete turn with the needle, twisting the tissues and the artery, occluding the latter.

acyanoblepsia, acyanoblepsy (S-si"an-o-blep'sI-ah, a.-si"an-o-blep's)[) [G. a- priv. + kyanos, some- thing blue, + bUpsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, inability to distinguish the color blue.

acy"anop'sia [G. o- priv. + kyanos, something blue, -I- opsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, acyanoblepsia.

acyclic (4-si'klik). Not cyclic, noting especially an a. com'pound, open-chain* compound.

acyesis (S-si-e'sis) [G. a- priv. + kyesis, pregnancy. I. The non-pregnant condition. 2. Sterility in the woman.

acys'tia [G. a- priv. + kystis, bladder.] Congenital absence of the urinary bladder.

acystineuria (S-sis-tin-u'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + kystis, bladder, -I- neuron, nerve.] Absence of nervous control of the bladder.

Acystospo'rea [G. a- priv. -I- kystis, bladder, + sporos, seed.] A suborder of Hemosporidia in which schizogony occurs in the blood-cells of the vertebrate host, the sexual cycle being completed in the body cavity or digestive tract of a blood- sucking insect or arachnid.

Acys"tosporid'ia [G. a- priv. -t- kystis, bladder, + sporos, seed.] A group of intracellular pro- tozoan parasites found chiefly in the red blood- cells; the group includes the malarial organisms and other similar parasites which have a sporog- enous life cycle in the body of an invertebrate host.

ad. A Latin preposition denoting to; it, is used in prescription writing to indicate that a suf- ficient quantity of the ingredient i.s to. be taken

. to make the entire mixture equal the amount stated.

ad- [L. ad, to.] A prefix dehotmg increase, ad- herence, or motion toward, and sometimes with an intensive meaning.

-ad [L. ad, to.] A sufiix in anatomical nomenclature - having the significance of the English -ward ; denoting toward or in the direction of the part noted by the main portion of the word.

adactylia, adactylism* (S-dak-til'I-ah, i-dak'til-izm) [G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Absence of fingers or toes.

adac'tylous. Without fingers or toes.

adac'tylus [G. a- priv. + daktylos, finger.] A monster without fingers or toes.

adac'tyly [G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Adactylia, congenital absence of fingers or toes.

ad'alln. Trade name of bromdiethylacetylcarba- mide, a fine white powder of slightly bitter taste, employed as a sedative and hypnotic in doses of gr. 87-15 (o-S-i-°)-

adamantine (ad-S-man'tin) [G. aaamantmos, very

" hard.] Exceedingly hard; specifically relating to the enamel of the teeth.

adamantinocarcinoma (ad-S-man"ti-no-kar-si-

no'mah). An adamantinoma which has as- sumed a malignant character.

ad"amantino'nia. A tumor of the lower (sometimes upper) jaw developing from the remains of the enamel organs.

adatnan^toblast [G. adamas {adamant-), adamant, diamond, -I- blastos, germ, sprout.] Ameloblast; one of a layer of cells lining the cup of the enamel organ, from which the enamel of the tooth is formed.

adamantoblastoma (ad-^-man-to-blas-to'mah) Overgrowth of the adamantoblast.

adamanto'ma. Adamantinoma. '

Adamkiewicz's albu'min reac'tion (ah-dahm'kya- vits) [Albert Adamkiewice, Viennese pathologist, *i8so.] Various protein solutions are stained violet by a mixture of .concentrated sulphuric acid, I, and glacial acetic acid, 2; and, when diluted, show an absorption band between green and blue iii the spectrum. A.'s dem'ilunes, crescent-shaped cells beneath the neurilemma of meduUated nerve fibers.

Ad'am's ap'ple. Prominentia laryngea.

Adams County Mineral Springs, Ohio. Saline-caleic- chalybeate waters. Two springs. Gastric, he- patic, and intestinal disorders.

Ad'ams's opera'tion [William Adams, English sur- geon, *i82o.] 1. Subcutaneous palmar aponeu- rotomy for Dupujrtren's disease. A.'s saw, a small, short saw with long handle, used in osteotomy.

— -«^

Adams's Saw.

Ad'ams's opera'tion [Sir William Adams, English surgeon, 1760-1829.] Excision of a wedge from the margin of the eyelid in order to shorten it in cases of ectropion.

Ad'ams Springs, California. Alkaline-calcic-car- bonated waters; cooU Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, chronic Bright's d.sease, portal congestion, chronic dyspepsia, chrbnic uterine inflammation

ADAMS'S SOLUTION

i8

ADENOCHIROPSALOGY

Ad'ams's solu'tion. Ammoniated alcohol, lOo, ether. (65°), no.

Ad'ams-Stokes disease'. See Siokes-Adams disease.

Adanso'nia [Michel Adanson, French naturalist, 1727-1806.] A genus of trees of the natural order MalvacecB. A. digita'ta, calabash-tree baobab, a tree of Senegal the leaves of which have been used as a febrifuge.

adapta'tion [L. adapiare, to adjiist.] 1. The acqiiir ing of modifications fitting a plant or animal to life in a new environment or under new conditions. 2. An advantageous change in function or con- stitution of an organ or tissue to meet new con- ditions.

adap'ter. A device whereby one part of an appa- ratus is fitted or joined to another part.

ad'de [L.] Add; a word used in prescription writing.

addiction (4-dik'shun) [L. addicere, to consent.] Habituation to some practice; specifically the enslavement to a drug-habit.

ad'diment [L. additamentum, an increase.] Com- plement.

Add'ison's ane'mia [Thomas Addison, English phy- sician, 1793-1860.] Idiopathic pernicious ane- mia. A.'s disease', a disease marked by " anemia, general languor and debility, remarkable feeble- ness of the heart's action, irritability of the stomach, and a peculiar change in the color of the skin, occurring in connection with a diseased condition of the suprarenal cap- sules." A-'s kelis or keloid, morphea. A.'s pill, Guy's pill.

Add'ison's clin'ical planes [Christopher Addison, English anatomist, *i869.] A series of planes used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topog- raphy; the trunk is divided vertically by a median line, from the upper border of the manubrium stemi to the symphysis pubis, by a lateral line drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median line, in a line drawn transversely across between the two anterior iliac spines, and by a spinous line passing vertically through the anterior superior iliac spine on either side; transversely the trunk is divided by a trans- thoracic line, passing across the thorax 3.2 cm. above the lower border of the corpus stemi, a transpyloric line, corresponding to the disc between the ist and 2d lumbar vertebras and cutting the junction of the 8th and 9th costal cartilages at the tip of the 9th, and a transtubercu- lar line, passing on an average 5 cm. above the anterior superior iliac spine and 3.5 cm. below the highest part of the crista iliaca and cutting usually the 5th lumbar vertebra; the planes formed on these lines, and also on transverse lines cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the upper edge of the symphysis pubis, constitute the clinical planes of Addison.

Add'ison Mineral Springs, Maine. Light alkaline- chalybeate waters; very cold. Used in certain renal diseases and acid dyspepsia.

Add'ison Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Muriated- saline-calcic-sulphureted waters, 57° P.; two springs. Used in disorders of the alimentary tract and liver, and chronic constipation.

Addisonism (ad'1-sun-izm). A symptom-complex resembling in many respects that of Addison's disease, but not due to disease of the suprarenal glands.

addi'tlon-com'pound, addi'tion-prod'uct. In chemis- try, the direct union of two or more elements or compounds without substitution or loss of any of the atoms.

addu'cens oc'uU [L. adducere, to bring to.] Mus- culus rectus medialis [BNA].

addu'cent. Bringing to, adducting; noting certain adductor muscles, as the adducens oculi.

adduct' [L. adducere, to bring toward.] To draw toward the median line.

adduc'tion. i. Movement of a limb toward the central axis of the body, or beyond it. 2. A position resulting from such movement, a. of the foot, rotation of the foot inward around the axis of the leg, or around its own axis.

adduc'tor. A muscle drawing a part toward the median line.

Adelheidsquelle, Bavaria (ah'del-hids-kvel"eh). Sa- line waters, tonic; cold. Used in rheumatism, gout, cutaneous affections, surgical tuberculosis, and diseases of women. May to September.

adelomorphous (ad"el-o-mor'fus) [G. adelos, uncer- tain, not clear, -I- morphe, shape.] Of not clearly defined form, noting the principal cells in the pepsin glands of the stomach.

adelphotaxis (5-del'fo-tak"sis) [G. adelphos, brother, -f taxis, arrangement.] A grouping together of cells or organisms in mutual relationship.

adenalgia (ad-en-al'ji-ah) [G. aden, gland, + algos, pain.] Pain in a gland, adenodynia.

adenase (ad'e-naz) [G. aden, gland, + -ose.] A deamidizing enzyme in the liver, pancreas, and spleen which converts adenin into hypoxanthin.

ad"enasthe'nia [G. aden, gland, -f- astheneia, weak- ness.] Abnormally diminished functional activ- ity of a gland.

adendrit'ic [G. a- priv.] Without dendrites, noting certain nerve cells in the spinal ganglia.

adenec'tomy [G. aden, gland, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a gland.

ad"enecto'pia [G. aden, gland, -t- ek, out of, -1- iopos, place.] The presence of a gland elsewhere than in its normal place.

ad"enemphTax'is [G. aden, gland, + emphraxis, stop- page.] Obstruction to the discharge of a glandu- lar secretion.

ade'nia [G. aden, gland.] Generalized hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands without hyperleucocytosis.

ad'eniform [G. aden, gland, -t- L. forma, shape] Of glandular appearance, adenoid.

adenine (ad' en-en) [G. aden, gland.] Aniinopurin; a crystalline alkaloid or leucomaine of the uric acid group, CsHjNj, present in the pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and other glands; it is found in the urine in leucocythemia.

adenitis (ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. aden, gland, + -itis.] Inflammation of a gland.

adeniza'tion. Conversion into gland-like structure.

adeno- [G. aden, gland.] A prefix denoting rela- tion to a gland.

ad'enoblast [G. aden, gland, -t- blasios, germ.] An embryonic cell destined to enter into the for- mation of a gland.

adenocarcino'ma. An adenoma exhibiting the characters of malignancy, such as infiltration of the surrounding tissues, recurrence after removal, and metastases.

adenocele (ad'e-no-sel) [G. aden, gland, + ke'e, tumor.] A tumor, especially a cystic tumor, springing from a gland, and presenting more or less glandular structure.

adenocellulitis (ad"fe no-sel-u-li'(le')tis). Inflam- mation of a gland and of the adjacent cellular tissue.

adenochiropsalogy (ad-e-no-ki-rop-sal'o-jl) [G. aden, gland, + cheir, hand, -t- psallo, I touch, -I- -logiaj] The former doctrine of the value of the royal touch"** for the cure of scrofiila.

ADENOCHONDROMA

19

ADHESION

adenochondroma (ad"e-no-kon-(iro'mah). A tumor with the characteristics of both adenoma and chondroma.

adenochondrosarcoma (ad"e-no-kon"dro-sar-ko'ma) . A mixed tumor with elements of adenoma, chondroma, and sarcoma.

adenocyst (ad'e-no-sist). A cystic tumor develop- ing from a gland; adenocystoma.

ad''enocysto'nia. A cystic adenoma.

adenodynia (ad"e-no-din1-ah) [G. aden, gland, + odyne, pain.] Adenalgia, pain in a gland.

ad"enofibro'ma. A fibrous glandular tumor, a ttimor with the characteristics of adenoma and fibroma.

ad"enograph'ic. Relating to adenography.

adenography (ad"e-nog'ra-fI) [G. aden, gland, + grapho, I write, draw. ] i . Anatomy in special relation to the glands. 2. A treatise on the glands.

adenohypeisthenia (ad"e-no-hi"pers-the'nI-ah) [G. aden, gland, + hyper, in excess, + sthenos, strength.] Excessive functional activity of a gland or set of glands.

adenoid (ad'e-noyd) [G. aden, gland, + eidos, ap- pearance.] I. Gland-like, adeniform, lymphoid; noting a form of connective tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, solitary and aggre- gated nodules of the intestine, red bone-marrow, and elsewhere; it consists of a connective- tissue framework, or reticulum, containing masses of round cells (lymphocytes) in its interstices. 2. In the plural, hypertrophy of the lymphoid nodules in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, the pharyngeal or Luschka's tonsil, a. disease', (i) an overgrowth of adenoid tissue in the rhino- pharynx; (2) Hodgkin's* disease.

ad"enoidec'tomy [adenoids + G. ektome, excision.] An operation for the removal of adenoid growths in the rhinopharynx.

adenoiditis (ad"e-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of adenoid growths in the rhinopharynx.

ad'enoids. See adenoid (2).

adenoliomyofibroma(ad"e-no-li"o-mi"o-fi-bro'mah). A liomyofibroma containing glandular elements.

ad"enolipo'ma. A mixed tumor with character- istics of adenoma and lipoma.

adenol'ogy [G. aden, gland, -t- -logia.J The science which treats of the glands, their development, structure, functions, and diseases.

adenolymphitis (ad-e-no-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymph- adenitis.

adenolymphocele (ad"e-no-lim'fo-sel) [G. aden, gland, -I- L. lympha, a clear fluid, lymph, -I- G. kele, tumor.] Cystic dilatation of a lymph node follow- ing obstruction of the efferent lymphatic vessels.

ad"enolynipho'ma. Lymphadenoma.

adeno'ma, pi. adeno'mata, adeno^-mas [G. aden, gland, -I- -oma.] A neoplasm formed of glandular epithelium of the same arrangement as that of the gland from which the growth arises, a. adamanti'num, a term incorrectly used as a syn- onym of adamantinoma, a. fibro'sum, fibroid a., fibroadenoma, a. seba'ceum, a small tumor of translucent appearance, usually multiple and occurring on the face, originating in the sebaceous glands, a. sudorip'arum, spiradenoma. malig'- nanta., adenocarcinoma.

adenomalacia (ad"«-no-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. aden, gland, H- malakia, softness.] A condition of glandular softening.

adenomatome (i-de-no'mah-tom) [adenoma + tome, incision.] An instrument for removing adenoids.

adenomato'sis. A condition marked by the forma- tion of multiple glandular overgrowths.

adeno'matous. Relating to adenoma.

adenomycosis (§,"de-no-mi-ko'sis) (G. aden, gland, + mykes, fungus, + -osis.\ A name applied to Hodgkin's disease on the theory that it is of mycotic nature.

adenomyoma, pi. adenomyo'mata, adenomyo'mas (ad"e-no-mi-o'mah) [G. aden, gland, 4- mys, muscle, -I- -oma.] A timior composed of smooth muscle tissue containing gland tubules.

ad"enomyzo'ina. A mixed tumor with character- istics of adenoma and myxoma.

ad"enomyx"osarco'ma. A mixed tumor with char- acteristics of adenoma, myxoma, and sarcoma.

adenon'cus [G. aden, gland, + onkos, tumor.] A gland tumor; glandular enlargement.

adenop'athy [G. aden, gland, -1- pathos, suffering] Glandular disease; specifically swelling of and morbid changes in the lymph nodes.

adenopbaryngitis (ad"e-no-far-in-ji'(je')tis). Pharyn- goamygdalitis ; inflammation of the tonsils and of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.

ad"enophleg'mon [G. aden, gland, -I- phlegmone, inflammation.] Acute inflammation of a gland and the adjacent connective tissue.

ad"enophthal'mia [G. aden, gland, -1- ophthalmos, eye.] Inflammation of the Meibomian glands.

ad"enosarco'ma. A mixed tumor with the elements of both adenoma and sarcoma.

adenosclerosis (ad"e-no-skle-ro'sis) [G. aden, gland, + sclerosis, hardening.] Induration of a gland or glands.

adenose (ad'e-n5z). Relating to a gland.

adeno'sis [G. aden, gland.] A more or less general- ized glandular disease, especially one involving the lymphatic glands.

ad'enotome [G. aden, gland, + tome, a cutting down.] An instrument for the removal of adenoids in the rhinopharjTix.

adenot'omy. i. Adenography, glandular anatomy. 2. The cutting or removal of a gland or glands.

ad"enoty'phoid fe'ver. Malta* fever.

ad"enoty'phus. Abdominal typhus, typhoid* fever.

ad'enous. Adenose, relating to a gland.

adenyl'ic acid [G. aden, gland, + hyle, stuff.] An acid obtained from the thymus gland.

adephagia (ad-e-fa'ji-ah) [G. adephagia, gluttony.] Bulimia.

ad'eps, gen. ad'ipis [L.] (U.S.). Lard, aximgia porcis ; purified leaf lard (omental fat of the hog, Sus scrofa), used in the preparation of ointments a. benzoa'tus (Br.), a. benzoina'tus (U.S.), benzoinated lard, contains i per cent, of benzoin; used as a base for ointments a. la'nze, wool-fat, the purified fat from sheep's wool. a. Wnse hydro'sus (U.S. and Br.), hydrous or hydrated wool-fat, lanolin, a. lanae mixed with 30 per cent, water; used as a basis for ointments, especially when penetration of the skin is desired.

ader'mia [G. o- priv. -1- derma, skin.] Absence of skin.

ader"mogen'eBis [G. a- priv. + derma, skin, -|- genesis, production.] Failure or imperfection in the growth of skin, especially the imperfect repair of a cutaneous defect.

adhat'oda [Tamil or Singalese.] (B.A.) The leaves of Adhatoda vasica; expectorant, antispasmodic, and abortif acient ; used in the form of liquid ex- tract, juice, or tincture.

adhere (ad-her*) [L. ad, to, + hmrere, to stick.] To remain in contact; to unite.

adhesion (ad-he'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- harere, to stick.] I. The process of adhering or iiniting of two sur- faces or parts, especially the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound, a. In dentistry, the mode

ADHESION

ADMINICULUM

in which an upper denture is held in place without vacuum-chambers. 3. In the plural, bands of more or less organized fibrinous exudate thrown out on the surface of a serous membrane and connecting the opposing surfaces, pri'maiy a., healing by first intention.* sec'ondary a., healing by second intention.*

adhe'siye. Sticky; causing adhesion, a. inflam- ma'tion, inflammation of a serous membrane with exudation of fibrinous material causing the for- mation of adhesions.

adhe'sol. A solution of alphanaphthol, balsam of tolu, benzoin, copal, and oil of thyme in ether; applied to the skin, the ether evaporates and leaves a, thin protective film, like that of collo- dion.

adiadochocinesia (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'si-ah) [G. adia- dochos, perpetual, -1- kinesis, movement.] i. In- cessant movement of a limb or of the entire body. 2. [G. a- priv. + diadochos, successive.] Loss of the power for rapid alternating movements.

adiadochocinesis (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'sis). Adia- dochocinesia.

adiadochokinesia(ad-e-ad"o-ko-kin-e'si-ah) . Adia- dochocinesia.

adiaphore'sis [G. a- priv. + diaphoresis, perspira- tion.] Absence or deficiency of perspiration.

adiapneustia (ad-i ap-nu'stl-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- diapneusis, an exhaling.] Adiaphoresis.

adiathennancy (S'di-a-thur'man-sl) [G. a- priv. -1- dia, through, + iherme, heat.] Impermeability to heat.

adiathetic (ad"i-5-thet'ik) [G. o- priv. + diathesis.] Noting a S3rmptom or disease which bears no relation to an existing diathesis.

adiemorrhysis (ad'i-em-or'i-sis) [G. o- priv. + dia, through, + kaitna, blood, + rhysis, a flowing.] Arrest of the capillary circulation.

Adin'ida [G o- priv. + dine, a whirling.] An order of Dinoflagellala, in which the flagella are free and do not lie in furrows.

adlp'ic [L. adepsiadif-), fat.] Fatty, relating to fat. a. acid, an acid, C,H,|,0„ occurring in the form of masses of soft crystals, obtained by the action of nitric acid on fats.

adipocele (ad'I-po-sel) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- G. kele, tumor.] The presence of fatty tissue with- out intestine in a hernial sac.

adipoceU'ular. Relating to^ both fatty and cellular tissues, or to connective tissue with much fat.

adipocere (ad'I-po-ser) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- cera, wax.] A fatty substance of waxy con- sistency into which dead animal tissues (as those of a corpse) are sometimes converted when kept from the air under certain favoring conditions of temperature; it is believed to be produced by the conversion into fat of the proteins of the tissues.

ad"ipofibro'ma. A mixed tumor with the char- acteristics of both adipoma and fibroma.

adipogenous (ad-e-poj'en-us) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, + G. gennad, 1 produce.] Producing or causing the fonnation of fat.

adipolysis (ad-I-pol'i-sis) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -|- lysis, setting free.] The destruction of fat by hydrolysis.

adipolyt'ic. Relating to adipolysis.

adipo'ma[L. adeps(adip-),ia.t, + G. -omo.] Lipoma.

adipose (ad'I-poz) [L. adeps(adip-), fat.] Fatty, relating to fat. a. cap'sule, the fat surrounding the kidney, a. foss'se, accumulations of fat on the outer surface of the mamma, a. tiss'ue, fatty tissue, connective tissue containing fat cells. a. tu'mor, lipoma.

adiposis (ad-i-po'sis) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -f- G. -osis.] An excessive accumulation, either local or general, of fat in the body. a. doloro'sa, Dercum's disease, an affection characterized by a deposit of symmetrical nodular or pendulous masses of fat in various regions of the body, attended with more or less pain. a. or'chica, dystrophia adiposogenitalis. a. tubero'sa sim'- jlex, Anders' disease, an affection resembling a. dolorosa, in which the fat occurs in small; more or less circumscribed masses on the ab- domen or confined to the extremities; these masses are sensitive to the touch and may be spontaneously painful.

adipositas (ad-1-pos'I-tas). Adiposis, adiposity. a. ex vac'uo, fatty atrophy.*

adipositis (ad-i-po-si'(se')tis) [L. adiposa, adipose tissue, -f- G. -itis.] Inflammatory infiltration in and beneath the subcutaneous adipose tissue.

adipos'ity. Adiposis.

adipo"sogen'>tal syn'drome. Hypophysis* syndrome.

adiposu'ria (L. adeps{adip-), fat, + G. ouron, urine.] Lipuria.

adip'sia, ad'ipsy [G. a- priv. + dipsa, thirst.] Absence of thirst.

Adiron'dack Min'eral Springs, New York- Saline- chalybeate waters; one spring; used in rheuma- tism, cutaneous affections, anemia, and general debility.

ad'itus [L. way.] In anatomy, a structure serving as a means of approach or entrance to a part. a. ad an'trum, approach to the antrum, recessus epitympanicus. u. ad an'trum tympan'icum, recessus epitympanicus. a. ad aquseduc'tum cer'ebri, entrance to the aqueduct of. the cere- brum (of Sylvius), in the posterior part of the floor of the third ventricle, a. ad infundib'uluin, recessus infundibuli. a. glot'tidis infe'rior, the part of the larynx immediately below the glottis, a. glot'tidis supe'rior, the lower portion of the ventricle of the larynx, a. larjrn'gis, the superior aperture of the larynx, bounded later- ally by the aryepiglottic folds, a. or'bitse, orbital opening.

adjusfment. i. The arrangement for bringing into focus the object under a microscope; the coarse a. is effected usually by a rack-and-pinion arrangement, the fine a. by a screw. 2. A chiro- practic term for the reduction of subluxated verte- bras in order to relieve pressure on one or more of the spinal nerves.

ad'juvant [L. adjuvare, to help.] That which aids or assists another, noting a remedy which is added to a prescription to assist or increase the action of the main ingredient; synergist.

Ad'ler's test. For blood; add the washings of the suspected spot to a, mixture of equal parts of three per cent, hydrogen dioxide and a saturated solution of benzidin in alcohol; if blood is present the mixture takes on a blue or green color.

ad lib. [Abbreviation for L. ad libitum, at pleasure.] As much as desired; used in directions for taking a remedy when the dose and time of taking are indefinite and unessential.

admax'illary [L. ad, to, 4- maxilla, jaw.] Con- nected with the jaw. a. gland, an occasional accessory salivary gland, near the angle of the jaw, discharging through the parotid duct.

adminic'ulum [L. prop, stay.] i. That which gives support to a part. 2. Adjuvant, a. Iki'ec^ al'bse, a triangular fibrous expansion, sometimes containing a few muscular fibers, passing from the superior pubic ligament to the posterior surface of the linea alba.

ADNATA

AEDES

adna'ta [L. adnatus, from adnasci, to grow to.]

Tunica* adnata. adneph'rin [L. ad, to, + G. ' nephros, kidney.] , Trade name of a preparation made from the

• adrenal gland, possessing vasoconstrictor and hemostatic properties.

adnerval (ad-nur'val) [L. ad, to, + nervus, nerve.]

1. l.yia.gnea.T a nerve. 2. In the direction of a

■ nerve, said of an electric current passing through muscular tissue toward the point of entrance of the nerve,

adneural (ad-nu'ral) [L. ad, to, + G. neuron, nerve.] Adnerval.

adnex'a. Annexa.

adnez'al. Annexal.

adnexitis (ad-neks-i'(e')tis). Annexitis.

adnex'opexy. Annexopexy.

adolescence (ad-o-les'ens) [L. adolescentia.] Youth; the period of later growth, between puberty and adult life.

adoles'cent [L. adolescere, to grow up.] i. Youth- ful, growing up, between puberty and the attain- ment of fxil\ growth. 2. A youth, a. yoimg man or woman not yet full grown.

ad'onin, adon'idin. A yellowish white powder of bitter taste, soluble in water; it is a mixture

.' of several glucosides and other substanpes, constituting the active principles of adonis ; dose,

■ gr. tVt (o- 006-0. 015).

Ado'nis. A genus of plants of the natural

order Ranunculacece. A. eestiva'lis, an annual

' species with orange flowers. A. an'nua, red

■ chamomile, red morocco, an annual species with red flowers. A. verna'Us, a perennial species with bright yellow flowers, the one from which the drug adonis is chiefly obtained.

ado'nis [G. Adonis, a mythological character, the handsome favorite of Aphrodite.] (N.F.) The herb Adonis vernalis, bird's eye, pheasant's eye; employed as a cardiac tonic in place of digitalis, in doses of 5i (16.0) of an infusion, ^1-2 (4.0-8.0) in 56(i8o.o). The fluidextract is contained in the N.F.

adoral (ad-o'ral) [L. ad, to, + os (or-), mouth.] Near or directed toward the mouth.

adre'nal [L. ad, to, + ren, kidney.] i. Near or upon the kidney, noting the a. body or gland.

2. A crystalline basic substance, CuHkNOj, derived from the suprarenal glands; vasocon-

: strictor and hemostatic in doses of njis-io (0.3-

■ U.6) of a i-iooo solution, acces'soiy a., one of a number of small independent collections of tissue, resembling the cortical adrenal tissue, found in the various abdominal organs, a.

' bod'y, cap'sule, or gland, glandula suprarenalis.

a. ex'tract, a preparation made from the a. gland, ■■ which possesses marked vasoconstrictor and

hemostatic properties; it is prepared and sold

• under various proprietary or trade names, such

• as adnephrin, adrenalin, supranepkrin, supra-

■ renaden, suprarenalin, suprarenin, etc.; see also ' glandulez suprarenales siccce.

adrenalectomy (ad-re-nal-ek'to-mi) [G. ektome, ' excision. ] Removal of an adrenal body. adrenalin (ad-ren'al-in). Trade name of a principle . obtained from the suprarenal glands, possessing [. marked vasoconstrictor, and consequently astrin- gent and hemostatic properties, a., chlo'ride, the salt of a. used locally in hay fever, inflamma-

' tions of the various accessible mucous membranes, . hemorrhage, etc., and internally in doses of 155- . 20 (0.3-1.3) of a I— 1000 solution as a vasocon- l ■. strictor, to raise the blood pressure in shock, and .' as a cardiac stimulant. >

adrenaline (ad-ren'al-en). . A collective term for the various adrenal extracts; epinephrine.

adrenalitis, adrenitis (ad-re"nal-i'(e')tis; ad-re-ni'- (ne')tis). Inflammation of the suprarenal glands.

adrenotrope (ad-ren'o-trop). One who has the adrenal type of endocrine constitution.

adrenotropic (ad-ren-o-trop'ik). Relating in any way to adrenotropism.

adrenotropism (ad-ren-ot'ro-pizm) [adrenal, body + G. trope, a turning.] A type of endocrine constitution in which the adrenals exercise a dominating influence.

adrenoxidase (ad-ren-oks'i-daz). A term proposed by Sajous to denote the oxygenized adrenal secre- tion assumed to be present in the blood-plasma

■ and to act throughout the body as a catalytic ferment

ad'rin. Epinephrin hydrate, derived from the suprarenal glands ; employed locally as an astrin- gent and hemostatic.

ad'rue. Antiemetic root, cyperus; the root of Cyperus articulatus, a West Indian plant; the fluidextract is employed in doses of .iTRio— 20 (o . 6-1 . 3) as an anthelmintic and antiemetic.

adsorp'tion [L. ad, to, + sorbere, to suck up.] The adhesion of a gas to the surface of a solid ; adhesion of a liquid or gaseous substance to the more solid particles in a solution, the action by which a col- loid particle attracts other substances.

adster'nal. Near or upon the sternum

ADTe. AnDTe.

adterminal (ad-tur'mit-nal). In a direction toward the nerve endings, muscular insertions, or the extremity of any structure.

adul'terate [L adulterare, to falsify.] To deteriorate by adding material of inferior quality, or indiffer- ent material which increases the biilk without altering, otherwise than weakening, the act-'on.

adultera'tion. The addition to any substance of the same or different material of poorer quality.

advance' [Fr. avancer, to set forward.] To move forward, referring specifically to an operation on the tendinous insertion of a muscle which has become elongated and unable to perform its function properly; the tendon is severed from its attachment (to the globe of the eye for example) and sutured at a point farther forward.

advance'ment. The moving forward of the ten- dinous insertion of an elongated muscle; see tendon* advancement.

adventitia (ad-ven-tish'yah) [L. adventitius, coming from abroad.] The outermost covering of any organ or structure which is properly derived from without and does not form an integral part of such organ or structure. Specifically, the outer coat of an artery, the tunica adventitia. xnem- bra'na a., tu'nica a., see the nouns.

adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us). i. Coming from without, extrinsic. 2. Accidental. 3. Relating to the adventitia of an artery or an organ.

adynam'ia [G. a- priv. + dynamis power.] "Weak- ness, vital debility, asthenia.

adynam'ic. Relating to adynamia; feeble, weak, asthenic.

ae-. For words so beginning not found here, see under e-.

Aeby's plane (a'be) [Christoph Theodor Aeby, Swiss anatomist, 1835-1855.] In craniometry, a plane perpendicular to the median plane of the ■ cranium, cutting the nasion and the basion.

Aedes (ah-e'dez) [G. aides, unpleasant, unfriendly.] A genus of mosquitos of small size found in tropical and subtropical regions. A. cal'^pus, the yellow-fever mosquito, formerly called Stegorriyia

AEDES

AEROTONOMETER

calopus or 5. fasciata. A. fus'cus, a species found in certain parts of North America.

mice's.. Edea.

tedoBol'ogy. Edeology.

Ee'gilops. Egilops.

aegoph'ony. Egophony.

squator (e-kwa'tor) [L.] Equator, ee. bul'bi oc'uli [BNA], equator of the eyeball, an imagi- nary line encircling the globe of the eye equidis- tant from the two poles, ae. len'tis [BNA], equator of the crystalline lens, the periphery of the lens lying between the two layers of the zonula ciliaris.

aer (ah'air) [G. aer, air.] Atmos.

aerated (a'er-a-ted) [G. aer, air.] Charged with air, carbon dioxide, or other gas.

aeration (a-er-a'shun). i. Airing, j. Saturating a fluid with air, carbon dioxide, or other gas. 3. The change of venous into arterial blood in the lungs.

aerendocardia (a-er-en-do-kar'dl-ah). The presence of undissolved air in the blood within the heart.

aerenterectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. aer, air, + enteron, intestine, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] Meteorism, tympanites, distention of the intestine with gas.

aerial (a-e're-al). Relating to the air.

aeriferous (a-er-if'er-us) [L. aer, air, + ferre, to bear.] Conducting air.

aeriform (a-erl-form) [L. aer, air, + forma, shape.] Resembling air, gaseous.

aerobian (a-er-o'bi-an). Noting an aerobion, living only in the presence of oxygen aerobic, aerobiotic.

aerobic (a-er-o'bik). Living in air; aerobian, aerobiotic.

aerobion, pi. aerobia (a-er-o'be-on) [G. aer, air, 4- bios, manner of living.] A bacterium or other organism which can live and grow only in air. fac'ultative a., one which normally thrives in the absence of oxygen, but which may acquire the faculty of living in the presence of oxygen, ob'- ligate a., one which cannot live without air.

aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'o-skop) [G. aer, air, + bios, life, + shaped, I view.] An apparatus for deter- mining the bacterial content of the air.

aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'sis) [G. aer, air, -1- biosis, mode of living.] Existence in an atmosphere containing oxygen.

aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'ik) . Relating to aerobiosis, living in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; aer- obic, aerobian.

aerocele (a'er-o-sel) [G. aer, air, -I- kele. tumor.] Distention of a small natural cavity with gas.

aerocolpos (a-er-o-kol'pos) [G. aer, air, -I- kolpos, gulf (vagina).] Distention of the vagina with air.

aerocoly (a-e-rok'o-li) [G. aer, air, -I- colon.] Dis- tention of the colon with gas.

aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sis'to-skop) [G. aer, air, -I- kystis, bladder, -I- skopeo, I view.] An instru- ment for viewing the interior of the bladder distended with air.

aerocystoscopy (a-er-o-sis-tos'ko-pl). Inspection of the interior of the bladder, distended with air, by means of a cystoscope.

aerodennectasla (a-er-o-der-mek-ta'zK-ah) [G. aer, air, + derma, skin, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] Subcutaneous emphysema.

aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'iks) [G. aer, air, + dynamis, force.] The study of air and other gases in motion the forces that set them in motion, and the results of such motion.

aerogen (a'er-o-jen) [G. aer, air, +gennad, I produce.] A gas-forming microorganism.

aerogen'esis. The production of gas.

aerogenic (a-er-o-gen'ik). Gas-forming.

aerogenous (a-er-oj'en-us). Gas-forming.

aerohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop'ath-I) [G. aer, air, + hydor, water, -1- pathos, suffering.] Aerohydro- therapy.

aerohydrotherapy (a-er-o-hi-dro-ther'ah-pi) [G. aer, air, -I- hydor, water, -I- therapeia, healing.] Treat- ment of disease by means of the application, at different temperatures and in. different ways, of both air and water.

aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter) [G. aSr, air, -t- metron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the density of, or for weighing, air.

aeromicrobe (a-er-o-mi'krob) [G. aer, air, -I- mikros, small, -I- bios, mode of life.] Aerobion.

aeropathy (a-e-rop'S-thi) [G. aer, air, + pathos, suf- fering.] Any morbid state induced by a pro- nounced change in the atmospheric pressure, such as mountain sickness, caisson disease, etc.

aeroperitoneum (a-er-o-per-i-to-ne'um) [G. aer, air.] Distention of the peritoneal cavity with gas.

aeroperito'nia. Aeroperitoneum.

aerophagia (a-er-o-fa'ji-ah). Aerophagy.

aerophagy (a-er-of'a-j!) [G. aer, air, + phago, I eat.] Swallowing of air.

aerpphil (a'er-o-fil) [G. aer, air, + philos, fond.] i. Air-loving. 2. Aerobic.

aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'be-ah) [G. aSr, air, -I- phobos, fear.] Abnormal and extreme dread of fresh air or of air in motion.

aerophore (a'er-o-for) [G. aer, air, + phoros, bear- ing.] 1. Air-conducting. 2. A portable appara- tus for purifying air so that it can be breathed over again. 3. An apparatus for forcing air into the lungs in the treatment of asphyxia.

aerophyte (a'er-o-fit) [G. aer, air, -I- phyton, plant.] An air-plant, orchid.

aeroplethysmograph (a"er-o-plS-thiz'mo-graf) [G. aer, air, -t- pleihysmos, enlargement, -f- grapho, I register.] An apparatus for determining the volume of inspired air.

aeropleura (a^er-o-plu'ra). The presence of air in the pleural cavity; pneumothorax.

aeroporotomy (a"er-o-po-rot'o-in!) [G. aer, air, -I- poros, passage, + tome, a cutting.] An opera- tion for the admission of air in stenosis of the larynx; tracheotomy, laryngotomy.

a'eroscope. Aerobioscope.

aerostatics (a"er-o-stat'iks) [G. aer, air, + states, standing.] The branch of science which treats of the volume, pressure, etc., of air and other

aerotaxis (a"er-o-tak'sis) [G. aer, air, + taxis, arrangement.] The movement of living organ- isms to or away from the air, noting especially the attraction or repulsion by oxygen of aerobic and anaerobic organisms.

aerotherapeutics, aerotherapy (a"er-o-ther-ah-pu'- tiks, a"er-o-ther'ah-pI) [G. aer, air, -I- therapeuti- kos, treating — therapeia, medical treatment.] I Treatment of disease by fresh air. i. Treat- ment of disease by air of different degrees of pressure or rarity, or medicated in various ways.

aerothermotherapy (a"er-o-ther"mo-ther'a-pI) [G. aer, air, 4- thermos, hot, + therapeia, healing.] Treatment of disease by hot air.

aerothorax (a"er-o-tho'raks). Pneumothorax.

aerotonom'eter [G. aer, air, -I- tonos, tension, + metron, measure.] 1. An instrument for esti- mating the tension or pressure of a gas. 3. An instrument for measuring the tension of oxygen and other gases in the blood or other fluids.

AEROTROPISM

23

AFTER-IMAGE

aerotropism (a-e-rot'ro-pizm) [G. aer, air, + tropos, direction, turn.] The tendency of microorgan- isms in culture media to group themselves about a bubble o£ air.

aerotympanal (a"er-o-tim'pa-nal). Relating to air in the tympanum, noting especially the operation of politzerization or other means of forcing air through the Eustachian tube.

aerourethroscope (a'er-o-u-re'thro-skop) [G. aer, air, -I- ourethra, urethra, + skoped, I view.] An instrument for inspection of the urethra after distending it with air.

aerozol (a'er-o-zol). A solution of ozone in oil.

aerteriversion (ah-er"ter-i-vur'shun). Arteriver- sion.

seru'go [L.] Verdigris.

Aesculap, Hungary (a'skoo-lahp). Saline waters. Used in hepatic and intestinal disorders, and constipation.

jEscula'pian [L. jEsculapius, G. Asklepios, the god of

- medicine.] Esculapian. i. Relating to ^scuIei- pius. 2. Medical. 3. A medical practitioner.

ses'culin. A bitter principle obtained from the bark' of the horse chestnut; occurs in needle- shaped crystals, giving a blue fluorescence when dissolved in water.

.ffisculus (es'ku-lus) [L. the winter oak.] A genus of trees to which belongs the horsechestnut or buckeye, ^. hippocastanum,

sesthe'sia, sesthesiom'eter, sesthesioneuro'sis, etc.

I See esthesia, etc.

s'ther [G. aither, ether.] (U.S. and Br.). Ether, a liquid containing 96 per cent, by weight of absolute ether (Br., 92 per cent, by volume of ethyl oxide). Employed by inhalation to pro- duce general anesthesia; internally as a stimulant and carminative in doses of TtRio-60 (0.6-4.0). See also ether, ee. ace'ticus (N.F. and Br.), ace- tic ether, containing ethyl acetate 90, alcohol 10; stimulant and antispasmodic, dose nES-30 (0.3-2.0). ae. purifica'tus (Br.), purified ether; the B.P. directs that it should assume no blue color when mixed with half its volume of potas- sium bichromate acidulated with sulphuric acid, showing absence of hydrogen peroxide ; nor should it be colored by potassiiun hydroxide, showing absence of aldehyde; on evaporation it should leave no residue or abnormal odor.

jB'thiops [G. Aithiops, an Ethiopian.] A chemical or pharmaceutical term formerly applied to several blackish mineral preparations, ae. creta'- ceus [chalky ethiops], hydrargyrum cum creta. ae. martia'Us, black oxide of iron. s. mineralis, black sulphide of mercury, ee. vegetatilis, char- coal made from bladder-wrack, Fucus vesiculosus.

aeth'yl, gen. ath'ylis [G. aither, ether, + hyle, matter.] Ethyl, the hypothetical radical, CjHj, of alcohol and ether, seth'ylis bro'midum, ethyl bromide, hydrobromic ether; a colorless volatile liquid, used by inhalation as a general anesthetic and in spray as a local anesthetic, asth'ylis car'bomas (U.S.), ethyl carbamate, an ester of carbamic acid, urethane, white colorless laminar crystals, obtained by the action of ethyl alcohol on urea; employed as an hypnotic in dose of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). aeth'ylis chlo'ridum (U.S.), ethyl chloride, hydrochloric ether, chloryl anesthetic, kelene ; a very volatile liquid made by the action of hydrochloric acid on ethyl alcohol; used as a, local and general anesthetic, seth'ylis iod'idum, ethyl iodide, hydriodic ether, a volatile colorless liquid ; employed by inhalation — iffiio-i 5 (0.6-1.0), in edema of the glottis, spasmodic asthma, and nervous dyspnea.

sethylmorphinse hydrochloTidum (eth'il-mor-fe'na he-dro-klo'ri-dum) . (U.S.) Ethylmorphine hy- drochloride or chloride, dionine; a yellowish white, bitterish powder, soluble in 8 parts of water, prepared by the action of ethyl iodide on morphine, with the addition of hydrochloric acid; antispasmodic and analgesic, employed in spasmodic respiratory diseases, insomnia, and neuralgia in doses of gr. i-| (0.015-0.03), and locally as an irritant lymphagogue in painful ocular diseases (iritis, corneal ulcer, etc.) in S per cent, solution.

aethyl'ium. ^thyl.

Aetna Springs, California. Alkaline, saline, car- bonated waters, 98° P. and 106° F. Tonic, slightly aperient. The cooler water is used for drinking, the warmer for bathing, in rheumatism, neuralgia, dyspepsia, torpidity of bowels, anemia and wasting aifections, hepatic and uterine disorders.

afeb'rile [G. a- priv. H- L. febris, fever.] Non- febrile, apyretic.

afetal (3.-fe'tal). Without relation to a. fetus or intrauterine life.

affect (af'ekt) [L. affectus, disposition or state of mind.] Feeling (2); psychic trauma; the sum of an emotion, a.-mem'ory, the memory of a psychic trauma, the emotional element recurring whenever the original experience is recalled, a. spasms, spasmodic attacks of laughing, weeping; and screaming, accompanied by marked tachy- pnea, occurring in hysteria.

afiection (S-fek'shun) [L. afficere, to act upon.] I. Feeling, love. 2. An abnormal condition of body or mind, disease.

affec'tive. Pertaining to the mental state or feel- ing.

Afienspalte (ah'fen-spahl"teh) [Ger.] Ape-fissure.

afferent [L. ad, to, + ferre, to bear.] Bringing to or into, noting certain veins, lymphatics, and nerves, a. ar'teries, branches of the interlobular arteries of the kidneys which pass to the Mal- pighian bodies, forming the glomeruli, a. im'pulse, a nervous impulse passing from the periphery to the center, a. lymphat'ics, the lymphatic vessels which enter the glands, a. nerves, nerves conveying impulses from the periphery to the center, the sensory nerves. a. veins, veins conveying blood to the heart direct.

afferentia (S-fer-en'shl-ah) [L.] Vasa afferentia, afferent vessels ; specifically the afferent* arteries of the kidneys.

affin'ity [L. afp-nis, neighboring.] Attraction; in chemistry the force which impels certain atoms to unite with certain others to form compounds. elec'tive a., in homeopathy, the specific localiza- tion of the action of a drug.

af'flux, affluz'ion [L. ad, to, -f- fiuere, to flow.] A flowing toward, specifically a flowing of blood toward any part ; congestion.

affusion (S-fu'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- fundere, to pour.] The pouring of water upon the body or any of its parts for therapeutic purposes.

af'rodyn. Trade name of a proprietary remedy said to possess aphrodisiac properties.

af'ter-birth. The placenta and membranes which are extruded after the birth of the child.

af'ter-brain. Myelenoephalon,* metencephalon.

af'ter-cat'aract. Secondary cataract* (2).

after-damp. Carbon dioxide formed by the explosion of a mixture of flre-damp, or methane, and air in a mine.

af' ter-im'age. The image of an object of which the

AFTER-IMAGE

24

AGAVE

subjective sensation persists after the object has

disappeared or the eyes are closed; spectrum (2).

The after-image is called positive when its colors

are the same as in the original, negative when the

complementary colors are perceived. after -pains. Painful cramp-like contractions of the

uterus occurring after childbirth. af' ter-sensa'tion. A sensation persisting after its

original cause has ceased to act. af' ter-sound. The subjective sensation of a sound

after the cause of the sound has ceased to. act. af' ter-taste. A taste persisting after contact of the

tongue with the sapid substance has ceased, af'ter-vis'ion. The subjective perception of an

after-image. agalactia (S-gal-ak'tJ-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- gala(galakt^),

milk.] Absence of milk in the breasts after child- birth. agalac'tous. Relating to agalactia, or to the

diminution or absence of breast-milk. agal-agal (ah'gal-ah'gal). Agar-agar. agalorrhea, agalorrhcea (S-gal-S-re'ah) [G. a-priv.

-I- gala, milk, -f- rhoia, a flow.] Arrest of the

secretion or flow of milk. agamete (ag'am-et) [G. a- priv. -I- gametes, husband

or wife.] A protozoan organism producing

• spores asexually.

agamic (S-gam'ik). Agamous.

agamogen'esis [G. agamos, unmarried, + genesis,

, production.] Reproduction without union of the male -and female elements; non-sexual repro- duction.

Agamomer'mis cu'licis. A hair-worm parasitic in the mosquito.

ag'amont[G. a- priv. 4- ganws, marriage, + dn{ont-), being.] A non-sexual spore-like body forming one of the stages in the life-cycle of certain parasitic protozoans.

agamous (ag'S-mus) [G. agamos, unmarried.] Noting non-sexual reproduction, as by fission, budding, etc.

agar (ah'(a')gar) [Bengalese.] (U.S.) A gelatin- ous substance prepared from seaweed in Japan

' and India, used in the East to thicken soup; largely used as a base for culture media in bac- teriology; when unqualified, it is usually, and properly, called agar-agar, beer-wort a., beer- wort made from crushed malt, to which is added 2 per cent. agar, blood a., a mixture of blood and a., used for the cultivation of trypanosomes. chol'era a., an alkaline agar medium for cultures of the cholera vibrio; it is made by dissolv- ing by heat agar, 30, in nutrient bouillon, 1000; and ac^ding a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hydrate, 30. Drigal'ski-Conra'di a., a nutrient a. containing horse-meat infusion, Witte's pep- tone, nutrose, sodium chloride, lactose, litmus, and crystal violet, used in the differentiation of the typhoid bacillus. En'do's fuch'sin a., nutri- ent a. containing lactose, alcoholic solution of fuchsin, sodium sulphite, and soda solution, used as a culture medium to differentiate the typhoid bacillus from the colon bacillus and others of that group, gel'atin a., made by dissolving pep- tone, gelatin, glucose or mannite, sodium chlo- ride, and potassium chloride in water and adding

• agar, glu'cose a., nutrient a., containing 2 per cent, glucose, glyc'erln a., nutrient a. contain- ing 5 per cent.'glycerin. Guarnie'ri's gel'atin a., similar to Stoddart's gelatin a., used for the cul- tivation of the pnSumococcus. lac'tose-lit'mus a., made by adding 2 per cent, lactose and litmus to acid-free nutrient agar, used in the diflerentia- tion of the typhoid bacillus. MacConk'ey'a

bile-salt a., made by the addition of li to 2 per cent, of agar to MacConkey's bile-salt bouillon. man'nite a., nutrient a. containing i or 2 per cent, mannite. Matzuschi'ta's liv'er-gall a., made by cooking together 500 gin. chopped ox^iver, 30 gm. peameal, and 1000 c.c. water, then straining and adding ox-gall and agar. Ho'vy and McNeal's blood a., a nutrient agar con- taining 2 volumes of defibrinated rabbit's blood, suitable for the cultivation of a number of trypanosomes. nu'trient a., bouillon to which 2 per cent, agar has been added. Pfeiff'er's blood a., solid a. smeared on the surface with a few drops of human blood. Roth'berger's neu'tral- red a., a 0.3 per cent, glucose a. to which 1 per cent, of a saturated aqueous neutral-red solution has been added, se'rum a., prepared by adding sterile serum to melted agar. Stod'dart's gelatin a., contains 5 per cent', gelatin, i per cent, peptone, and i per cent, each agar and sodium chloride. Xbal'mann's a., a form of nutrient agar, well adapted, it is claimed, to the cultivation of the gonococcus. u'rine a., made by dissolving 2 per cent, of agar in fresh urine. Was'sennann's se'rum-nu'trose a., hog serum, glycerin, water, and nutrose are boiled together for twenty minutes and the mixture is then added to equal parts of a 2 per cent, peptone agar. Weil's meat-pota'to a., a mixture of potato juice and bouillon containing } per cent, of agar.

agaric (ag-S,r'ik) [G. agarikon, a kind of fungus.] Boletus, the dried plant Polyporus oficinalis. It has been employed in the treatment of the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 5 (0.3). a. acid, agaricic acid, agaricin.* fe'male a., Polyporus officinalis, fly a., Agaricus muscarius, a mushroom with red pileus and white gills, the juice of which has narcotic properties. pur'ging a.., Polyporus officinalis, sur'geons' a., dried agaric used locally as a hemostatic. white a., Polyporus officinalis.

agaricin, agaricinum (S-gar'St-sin, a.-gS,r-!-se'num) . Agaric acid, a white powder obtained from the white agaric, Polyporus officinalis, employed in the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.12).

Agar'icus [see agaric.] A genus of mushrooms, many of which are edible. A. campes'tris, the common edible field mushroom. A. musca'rius, fly agaric, poison mushroom ; a tincture from the fresh fungus is employed in homeopathy in the irregular heart action of coffee- and tea-drinkers and tobacco-smokers, in doses of the third to the thirtieth decimal potency.

agar'icus (N.P.) . Agaric, white or larch agaric, the dried fruit body of Polyporus officinalis, occur- ring in the form of brownish or whitish light masses; employed for the relief of colliquative sweating in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).

agas'tric [G. a priv. -1- gaster, belly.] Without stomach or digestive tract.

agastroneuria (4-gas-tro-nu'rI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- gaster, belly, -I- neuron, nerve.] Lowered nervous control of the stomach.

ag'athin [G. agathos, good.] Salicylalphamethyl- phenylhydrazone; occurs in the form of yellowish insoluble crystals; used in the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.12-0.3).

Agave (a-gah've) [G. fem. of agauos, noble.] A genus of plants of the natural order Amaryllida- cete, found largely in Mexico; it includes the cen- tury plant, A. americana, from which pulque is made.

AGAZOTTT MIXTURE

2S

AGONY

AgazotU mixture (ah-gaht-sawt'te). A mixture of 87 parts of oxygen and 13 parts of carbon dioxide, proposed by Agazotti an Italian aero- naut, for the relief of balloon sickness.

AgCjHjO, + HjO. Silver lactate, actol.*

AgsCgHgO,. Silver citrate, itrol.

Agchylostoma (ag-kl-los'to-mah). The spelling adopted by Dubini, and followed by some helminthologists; the Committee on Nomencla- ture of the International Congress of Zoologists in 1913 authorized the spelling Ancylosloma (q.v.).

AgCI. Silver chloride.

AgCN. Silver cyanide, argenti* cyanidum (U.S.P).

agenesia, agenesis (Sr-jen-e'sl-ah, &-jen'e-sis) [G. a- priv. + genesis, production.] Absent or imperfect development of any part.

agenitalism (&- jen'i-tal-izm) . The complex of symptoms due to absence of the ovaries or testicles, as in castrated persons.

agenne'sia [G. a- priv. -I- gennesis, producing.] Agennesis, sterility.

agennet'ic. Ste'rile.

a'gent [L. agere, to perform.] Anything which produces an effect upon the organism; espe- cially a remedy of any sort, whether medicinal or not.

ageusia (S-ju'se-ah) [G a- priv. + geusis, taste.] Loss of the sense of taste.

ageustia (S-jus'tl-ah) [G. fasting.] Ageusia.

agger (aj'ur) [L. mound.] An eminence or pro- jection, a. na'si [BNA], ridge of the nose, crista* ethmoidalis. a. perpendicula'ris, emi- nentia fossas triangularis, a. val'vae ve'nse, a slight prominence on the wall of a vein corre- sponding to the location of a valve.

agglom'erate, agglom'erated [L. agglomerare, to wind into a ball ; from ad, to, -f- glomus, a ball.] Crowded together into a noncoherent mass.

agglomera'tion. A crowded mass of independent, but similar units, a cluster.

agglu'tinant [L. ad, to, + glutinare, to paste.] 1. Uniting or causing to adhere. 2. Any substance which causes adhesion between two surfaces.

agglutina'tion. i. Loss of motility and aggregation in small masses of the microorganisms in a culture, when a specific immune serum is added. 2. Adhesion of the surfaces of a wound, group a., the agglutination in minor degree, of several varieties of bacteria by a serum specific for another bacterial form, imme'diate a., healing by first intention, me'diate a., healing by second inten- tion, a. test, Widal* test.

agglutinative (a-glu'tin-a-tiv). Causing, or able to cause, agglutination.

agglu'tinin. An antibody which causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells which have acted as antigen.

agglutin'ogen. Any substance which, when in- jected into an animal, causes the formation of a specific agglutinin.

agglu'tinoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] An agglutinin which has lost its agglutinophore group while retaining its haptophore group; such substances can combine with bacteria or blood cells, but do not produce clumping.

agglutinophore (S-glu'tin-o-for) fG. phoro, I bear,] Noting the molecular group in the agglutinin which is the active agent in effecting agglutina- tion.

agglutinoscope (S,-glu'tin-o-skop) [agglutination + G. skopeo, I view.] A magnifying glass used to ■ observe the phenomenon of agglutination in the test-tube.

agglu'togen. Agglutinogen.

agglutom'eter. An apparatus used to simplify the agglutination or Widal* test.

ag'gregate [L. aggregare, to assemble; from ad, to, + gregus, a flock.] 1. To unite or come together in a mass or cluster. 2. The total of independent units making up a mass or cluster.

ag'gregated. Collected together to form a total.

aggres'sin [L. aggressor, an assailant.] A substance, assumed to be an endotoxin liberated in conse- quence of bacteriolysis, which represses the activity of the phagocytes, and so weakens the resisting power of the organism to infection.

Agl. Silver iodide.

aglaucopsia (4-glaw-kop'sl-ali) [G. a- priv. + glaukos, bluish-green, -1- opsis, vision.] Green- blindness, inability to distinguish the color green.

aglobu'lia [G. a- priv. -I- L. globulus, globule.] Marked diminution of the red blood-cells, oligocythemia.

aglos'sia [G. a- priv. -I- glossa, tongue.] Absence of the tongue.

aglossos'toma [G. d- priv. + glossa, tongue, + stoma, mouth.] A monster without a tongue, but with a (generally closed) mouth.

agmatol'ogy [G. _agma(agmat-), a fragment. -I- -logia.] The branch of surgery concerned espe- cially with fractures.

ag'men,' pi. agmina [L. a multitude.] A collection, an aggregation. a. peyerian'um, Peyer's patches, noduli lymphatici aggregati.

ag'minate, ag'minated [L. agmen, a. niiultitude.] Aggregate, agglomerate, collected together into clusters or masses, a. glands, Peyer's* patches in the intestines, as distinguished from the solitary glands.

ag'nail. i. Hangnail. 2. Whitlow.

agna'thia [G. a- priv. -t- gnathos, jaw.] Absence of the lower jaw, usually with approximation of the ears, or otocfephaly.

agnathous (ag'na-thus). Without lower jaw.

ag'nathy. Agnathia.

ag'nin, ag'nolin [L. agnus, lamb, + oleum, oil.] A prepared wool-fat similar to lanolin.

AgNO,. Silver nitrate, lunar caustic.

agno'sia [G. ignorance; from o- priv. + gnosis, knowledge.] Absence of the ability to recognize the form and nature of persons and things, or of the perceptive faculty, au'ditory a., mind deaf- ness.* op'tic a., mind blindness.* tac'tile «,, inability to recognize objects by the touch.

ag'nus cas'tus [L. chaste lamb.] Chaste-tree, Abraham's balm, monk's pepper-tree, the fruit of Viiex agnus-castus, employed as an antispas- modic and aphrodisiac; a tincture from the fresh berries is used in homeopathic practice for impotence following gonorrhea, in doses of the

*third to sixth decimal potency.

AgjO. Silver oxide, argenti* oxidum (U.S. and Br.).

agomphi'asis [G. a- priv. + gomphios, a molar tooth.] Looseness of the teeth.

agomphious (S-gom'fl-us). Without teeth, tooth- less,

ag'onal. Relating to the agony, or moment of death.

agoni'adin. A glucoside, Ci„H,40„ obtained from the bark of Plumeria lancifolia and other species of P.; employed as a febrifuge in malaria in doses I of gr. 2-4 (0.12-0.25).

ag'onist [G. agon, a contest.] Noting a muscle in a state of contraction, with reference to , its opposing muscle, or antagonist.

ag'ony [G. agon, a struggle, trial.] 1. Intense pain

AGONY

26

AIR

or anguish of body or mind. 2. The act of djdng. a. clot, a. throm'bus, a. heart clot formed during the act of dying after prolonged heart failure.

agopyrine (S.-go-pi'ren). Trade name of a mixture recommended in influenza, said to contain sali- pyrine and ammonium chloride.

agorapho'bia [G. agora, market-place, + phobos, fear.] Dread of being in or crossing open spaces.

AgsPO,. Silver phosphate.

agraffe (S-graf) [Fr. agrafe, a hook, clasp.] An appliance for clamping together the edges of a. wound, used in lieu of sutures.

agrammatica (S-gram-afK-kah). Agrammatism.

agramm'atism [G. agrammatos, unlearned.] Loss, through cerebral disease, of the power to construct a grammatical or intelligible sentence; words are uttered, but not in proper sequence.

agranulocyte (i-gran'u-lo-slt) . A non-granular leucocyte.

agranuloplastic (a-gTan"u-lo-plas'tik) [G. a- priv. + L. granulum, granule, + G. plastikos, forma- tive.] I. Capable of forming non-granular cells. 2. Incapable of forming granular cells.

agraphia [G. a- priv. -t- grapho, I write.] Loss of the power of writing, due either to muscular inco- ordination (motor a.) or to an inability to phrase thought {cerebral or mental a.). Acoustic u. is acquired inability to write from dictation, optic u., to copy. In amnemonic a. letters and words can be written, but not connected sentences; in verbal a. single letters can be written, but not words; in absolute, atactic, or Kteral a. not even imcoxmected letters can be ritten. Musical a. is the loss of power to write musical notation.

agraph'ic. Relating to or marked by agraphia.

ag'ria [G. agrios, wild.] i. Herpes. 2. Any severe pttstular eruption.

ag'rimony. The dried plant of Agrimonia eupa- toria, a perennial herb of Europe and America; astringent and tonic in doses of 5i— ' (2.0-4.0); a fluidextract is used in corresponding doses.

ag"riothy'iina [G. agrios, wild, + thymes, wrath.] Wild, ferocious mania-

agrius (ag'ri-us) [G. agrios, wild.] Angry-looking, severe, noting especially certain dermatoses.

agroma'nia [G. agros, field, -I- mania, frenzy.] Intense and morbid desire to be in the open country, or to live in solitude.

agrop'yrum. (B.A.) Triticum (U.S.).

Agrostemma githago (ag-ro-stem'ah gith-a'go) [G. agros, field, + stemma, wreath; L. gith, Roman coriander.] Lychnis githago, corn-cockle, the seeds of which are said to cause githagism.

agryp'nia [G. agrypnos, sleepless.] Insomnia.

agiypnot'lc. Sleepless; marked by, or suffering from, insomnia.

Ag^S. Silver sulphide, found in nature in associa- tion with lead sulphide, forming argentiferous galena.

AgSOj. Silver sulphate.

Agua Azufrosa del Tope Chlco, Mexico (ah'gwah ah-soo-fro'sah del to'po che'ko) [Sp. sulphurous water of the little mole.] Alkaline-saline-sul- phurous waters, 41° C. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, dysmenorrhea, nocturnal enuresis, phosphaturia, neuropathies, hepatic and splenic congestion, and skin diseases.

Agua de Vida Springs, California (ah'gwah da ve'dah) [Sp. water of life.] Alkaline-carbonated; alkaline- saline-sulphureted waters, 57.5° F. Recom- mended in certain forms of dyspepsia, renal con- gestion, and cystitis.

Agua Hedlonda, Mexico (ah'gwah a-de-on'dah). Saline-sulphureted-carbonated waters, 78° F.

Used for bathing, or may be taken internally in small doses, in rheumatism, hepatic, renal, and gastric disorders, paralysis, and cutaneous affec- tions. October to February.

A'guas Calien'tes, California. [Sp. hot waters.] Alkaline-saline-sulphureted waters, 58° F. to 142° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- matism, tuberculous affections, syphilis, skin diseases, renal and hepatic congestion.

ague (a'gu) [Fr. aigu, acute.] i. Malarial fever marked by chill, fever, and sweating. 2. A chill, brow a., intermittent supraorbital neu- ralgia, cat'enafing a., malaria complicating some other disease, dumb a., subacute malaria with irregular attacks of fever without chill, face a., facial neuralgia.

a'gue-cake. The enlarged spleen of chronic malaria.

a'gue-drop. Fowler's solution.

a'gue-root. Aletris.

ag'urin. A white soluble powder, a mixture of sodium acetate and theobromine-sodium; diuretic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0).

Ah. Abbreviation for hypermetropic astigmatism.

Ahlfeld's sign (ahl'felt) [J. F. Ahlfeld, German ob- stetrician, *i843.] Irregular circumscribed con- tractions of the uterus occurring after the third month of pregnancy.

ahypnia, ahypnosis (ah-hip'ni-ah, ah-hip-no'sis) [G. a- priv. + hypnos, sleep.] Insomnia.

aichmophobia (ak-mo-pho'bi-ah) [G. aichme, a point, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of being touched by the finger or any slender pointed object.

aidoiitis (i-doy-i'(e')tis). Edeitis, vulvitis.*

ail (al) [A.S. eglan, pain, distress.] To suffer, be indisposed, ill. 2. To trouble or distress with some pain or illness. 3. An illness or indispo- sition.

Ailan'thus, Ailan'tus [of Eastern derivation.] Tree of heaven; a genus of trees of the natural order SimarubacecB. The bark and leaves of A. glandulosa possess anthelmintic and purgative properties; dose of the fluidextract njio— 30 (0.6—2.0), of the tincture njiio— 60 (0.6-4.0).

ailment (al'ment). An indisposition; slight and usually chronic illness, min'or a., a mild dis- order or symptom, such as a headache, "cold," indigestion, etc.

ailourophobia, ailurophobia (a-loo-ro-fo'bl-ah) [G. ailouros, a cat, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal aversion to or fear of cats.

ainhum (in'yoom) [from an African (Nagos) word meaning to saw.] Spontaneous amputation of a toe by a constricting fibrous ring; it affects chiefly male negroes in the tropics.

aiodine (a-i'o-din) [G. a- priv. + iodine.] Trade name of a preparation of -the thyroid gland, containing a very small percentage of iodine; used for the same purposes as other thyroid extracts.

air [G. aer; L. aer.] The atmosphere, a simple non-chemical mixture of oxygen, i volume, and nitrogen, 4 volumes, vrith varying proportions of carbon dioxide, vapor of water, argon, ammonia, nitric acid, and organic matter, complemen'tal a., the excess of air which may be drawn into the lungs by forced inspiration, dephlogis'ticated a., air deprived of "phlogiston," or oxygen, fixed a., carbon dioxide, llq'uid a., air which, by means of intense cold and pressure, has been liquefied. reserve' a., a. which usually remains in the Ivmgs after an ordinary expiration, but which can be expelled with effort, resid'ual a., that which fills the pulmonary vesicles and cannot be ex-

AIR

27

ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL

pelled by forced expiration, supplemen'tal a., reserve a. ti'dal a., that which enters and leaves the liuigs during ordinary respiration,

air-cham'ber. Vacutun-chamber.

air-em'boUsm. Arrest of circulation in a vessel by a bubble of air or gas.

air-hunger (ar"hung'gur). Dyspnea characterized by deep labored respirations, such as occurs some- times in acid intoxication.

ai'rol. Trade name for bismuth oxy-iodogallate, a greenish, tasteless, odorless powder, employed as an antiseptic and astringent in dressings, and also given internally as an astringent in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6).

Ait'ken's opera'tion [John Aitken, Edinburgh sur- geop, ti79°J Double pelvitomy in case of djrstocia from a narrow pelvis.

Ait'ken's ton'ic pill [Sir William Aitken, Scotch phy- sician, 1825—1892.] Contains the same ingre- dients as the pilula metallorum (N.P.) but in smaller dose; reduced iron gr. f (0.045), quinine sulphate gr. i (0.06), strychnine and arsenic trioxide each gr.-^ip. 0013) ; same as pilulas ferri, quininse, strychninae et arseni mites (N.P.).

Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia (aks'lS-shS-pel'). Aachen. Alkaline-saline-sulphurous waters, 107° F. to 120° P. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, syphilis, cutaneous diseases, chronic nervous diseases, and paralysis. May 15 to September 15. Winter season, September 30 to March 31.

Aix-les-Bains, France (aksla-ban'). Sulphurous waters, 112° P. to 114° P. Used by drinking, bathing, and massage in rheumatism, gout, sjrphilis, uterine disorders, and throat diseases. April to November. Thermal establishment open all the year.

ajakol (aj'S-kol). Trade name of a disinfectant preparation of pyrocatechin ethyl ether.

aj'owan [East Indian.] The fruit of Ptychotis coptica, or Carum copticutn, a plant of India, Persia, and Egypt; carminative in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0); the source of oleum ajowan (B.A.).

akamusiii disease (ak-kah-moo'shl diz-5z') [Jap. aka, red, + mushi, bug.] Japanese* river fever.

■kan'thion. Acanthion.

akaral'gia [G. a- priv. -I- kar, head, -I- algos, pain.] A proprietary remedy for migraine, consisting of an effervescent mixture of sodium salicylate, sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, lithium benzoate, and nux vomica, flavored with winter- green.

akar'kjne. Trade name for arsenic albuminate, applied locally in the treatment of cancer.

akatama (ah-kah-tah'mah) [a native word.] An endemic peripheral netu^tis affecting the adult natives of West Central Africa; the chief symp- toms are numbness, burning, and prickling of the surface, with erythema and occasionally swelling of the skin and excessive sweating; the symptoms are aggravated by cold and damp, but relieved by the application of dry heat ; the cause is unknown.

akathis'ia. Acathisia.

akinesia (JUdn-e'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kinesis, movement.] ±. Absence or loss of the power of voluntary motion. 2. Immobility. 3. The postsystolic interval of rest of the heart. 4. A neurosis accompanied with paretic symptoms. a. al'gera [G. algos, pain], a condition marked by severe neuralgic pain of indeterminate origin which is excited by any movement, a. amnes'- tica [G. amnesia, forgetfulness], loss of mus- cular power from disuse.

akine'sic. Akinetic.

akine'sis. Akinesia.

akinet'ic. i . Relating to or suffering from akinesia a. Amitotic.

Al. Chemical symbol of aluminum.

ala, gen. and pi. a'/iB (ah'(a')lah) [L. wing.] i. Any wing-like or expanded structure. 2. Axilla. tt. al'ba, white wing, a white area adjacent to the a. cinerea. a. au'iis, the auricle, or pinna of the ear. a. cerebell'i, a. lobuli centralis, a. cine'rea [BNA], ashen or gray wing, trigonum vagi, a prominence in the fovea inferior of the floor of the fourth ventricle, below the trigonum hypoglossi, subjacent to which is the terminal nucleus of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. a. il'ii, ala ossis ilivnn [BNA], the upper flaring portion of the ilium, a. lin'gulse cerebell'i, vincula lingulae cerebelli. a. lob'uli centra'lis [BNA], the lateral wing-like projection of the central lobule of the cerebellum, a. mag'na, the great wing of the sphenoid bone. a. na'si, the wing of the nostril; the outer more or less flaring wall of each nostril, a. oss'is il'ium [BNA], a. ilii. a. par'va, the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. a. pon'tls, one of two thin white bands crossing the anterior extremity of the pyramid just below the pons. a. sacra'lis, a broad flat projection on either side of the articu- lar surface of the base of the sacrum, a. tempora'lis, a. magna, a. vespertilio'nis, bat's wing, ligamentum latum uteri, a. vo'meris, wing of the vomer; an everted lip on either side of the upper border of the vomer, between which fits the rostrum of the sphenoid bone.

ala'lia [G. a- priv. + lalia, talking.] Loss of the power of speech through paralysis or defect of the vocal organs.

alal'ic. Relating to or suffering from alalia.

alangine (al'an-jen). An alkaloid obtained from the bark, root, and leaves of Alangium lamarckii, a tree of India; it is a bitter tonic, antiperiodic, and, in large doses, emetic and cathartic.

al'anin. Aminopropiohic acid; alpha-alanin has the formula CH3.CH(NH2).COOH; beta-alanin, CH2(NHj).CH2.COOH. a. mer'cury, hydrargyri amidopropionas.

al'ant-cam'phor. A white stearoptene obtained from elecampane.

al'antin. Inulin.

al'antol. Inulol, a yellowish liquid obtained by distillation from the root of Inula helenium, or elecampane; used internally as a substitute for turpentine in doses of 1515 (o.oi).

alar (a'lar) [L. ala, a wing.] i. Relating to a wing, winged. 2. Axillary, a. ar'tery, a small branch of the axillary supplying the tissues of the axilla, a. car'tilage, the lower of the cartilages on each side of the nose. a. lig'aments, lateral expansions of the ligamentum mucosiim of the knee-joint, a. vein, the vein accompanying the a. artery.

alas'trim. A disease prevalent in certain parts of Brazil; it resembles smallpox in many of its features but there is no secondary rise of tem- perature, the pustules are not umbilicated; fatal cases are practically imknown, and Jennerian vaccination confers but temporary immunity.

a'late. Winged.

al'ba [fem. of L. albus, white.] Substantia alba, the white substance of the brain.

albargin, albargol (al'bar-jin, al'bar-gol) [L. albus, white, + argenium, silver.] A trade name for silver gelatose, a combination of the nitrate salt and gelatose, a decomposition product of gelatin; a brown powder soluble in water and containing

ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL

28

ALBUMINURIA

about 20 per cent, of silver nitrate ; employed as an injection in gonorrhea in solutions of i-iooo.

Albarran's' test [Joaquin Albarran, Parisian urolo- gist of Cuban birth, 1860-1912. ) Polyuria* test. A.'s tu'bules, minute branching tubules in the subcervical region of the prostate gland, emptying for the most part into the posterior portion of the urethra.

albe'do [L. whiteness.] The light reflected from any surface, a. ret'inae, edema of the retina.

Albee's opera'tion (awl'be) [Fred. Houdlett Albee, New York surgeon, *i876.] For producing ankylosis of the hip; the upper surface of the head of the femur is sliced off and the correspond- ing point of the edge of the acetabulum is squared, so that the two freshened bony surfaces may rest in contact.

AlTjert's disease' [E. Albert, Vienna surgeon, 1841- 1900.] Achillodynia. A.'s opera'tion, exsection of the articular ends of the tibia and femur to obtain ankylosis of the knee. A.'s su'ture, a modified Czemy suture, the first row of stitches passing through the entire thickness of the wall of the gut.

al'bicans, pi. albican'tia. Corpus* albicans. lidu'ria [L. albidus, whitish, -f- G. ouron, urine.]

1. Chyluria. 2. The passing of pale urine of ow, specific gravity.

abaidus (al'H-dus) [L.] Whitish.

abbini's nod ules (ahl-be'ne) [Guiseppe Albini,

Alltalian physiologist, *i83o.] Minute nodules on the margins of the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart, sometimes present in the newborn.

al'binism. Congenital leucoderma or absence of pigment in the skin and its appendages; it may be partial or complete.

albi'no [Pg. from I^. albus, white.] A person with very little or no pigment in the skin, hair, or iris.

albinu'ria. Albiduria.

albi'noism. Albinism.

albocinereous (al-bo-sin-e're-us) [L. albus, white, -I- cinereus, ashen.] Relating to both the white and the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord.

albofer'rin [L. albus, white, -f ferrum, iron,] A light brown tasteless powder, a compound of iron, 0.68, phosphorus, 0.324, and albumin, 90. 14 per cent.; used as a chalybeate.

albolene (al'bo-len) [L. albus, white, + oleum, oil.] A white oily substance, resembling soft paraffin, prepared from petroleum; it is used as a base for ointments, and the fluid form, liquid albolene, as a base for remedies applied by spray to the mucous membranes.

albuginea (al-bu-jin'e-ah) [L. albus, white.] Re- sembling boiled white of egg; tunica* albuginea.

albugineotomy (al-bu-jin-e-ot'o-ml) [G. tome, cut- ting.] Incision into any tunica albuginea.

albugin'eous. i. Resembling boiled white of egg.

2. Relating to any tunica albuginea. albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of

any tunica albuginea,

albu'go [L. whiteness.] Leucoma, a white corneal opacity.

albulac'tin. Trade name of a soluble lactalbumin, in the form of a fine powder containing 5.22 per cent, of salts and 12.71 per cent, of nitrogen, employed in the modification of cow's milk for infant feeding.

albu'men [L. the white of egg.] i. White of egg, egg-albumin, ovalbumin. 2. Albumin.

albumim'etiy. Albuminimetry.

albu'min [L. albumen, the coagulated white of egg.] A simple protein widely distributed throughout the tissues and fluids of plants and animals; it is

soluble in pure water, precipitable from a solution by mineral acids, and coagulable by heat in acid or neutral solution. Varieties of a. are found in blood, milk, and muscle, acid a., see under acid. a. soap, soap* albumin, al'kali a., see under alkali. Bence-Jones a., see under Bence-Jones. derived a., an a. formed from native a. by ths action of weak acids or alkalies; albuminate; albumose; metaprotein. egg-a., ovalbumin, albumen.* na'tive a., a protein existing in its natural state in the body; it is soluble in water and not precipitated by dilute acids; the two principal forms are serum-albumin and egg-albumin, se'rum-a., a form of a. pres- ent in the blood plasma and in serous fluids, soap a., see under soap.

albuminate (al-bu'min-at). Derived albumin, meta- protein, a product of the hydrolysis of albimiin and globulin.

albu"minatu'ria. The presence of albuminates in the urine when voided.

albuminif'erous [L. albumen, albumin, -I- ferre, to bear.] Producing albumin.

albuminim'eter [L. albumen, albumin, + G. metron, measure.] Albumimeter, an apparatus for determining the quantity of albumin in the urine or other fluids.

albuminim'etry. The determination of the amount of albumin present in solution in any fluid.

albuminip'arous [L. albumen, albiunin, + parere, to bring forth.] Albuminiferous.

albu'minoid [L. albumen, albumin, + G. eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling albumin, -.i. Any protein. 3. Scleroprotein, glutinoid, a simple protein present in homy and cartilaginous tissues ; it is insoluble in neutral solvents ; keratin, gelatin, elastin, and collagen are albuminoids.

albuminolysis (al-bu-min-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, solu- tion.] Proteolysis.

albuminom'etry. Albuminimetry.

albu'minone. Albumone.

albuminoptysis (al-bu-min-op'ti-sis) [G. ptysis, a - spitting. ] Albuminous expectoration.

albuminoreaction (al-bu'mi-no-re-ak'shun). The presence (positive reaction), or absence (negative reaction) of albumin in the sputum, the positive reaction indicating an inflammatory process in the lungs.

albuminorrhe'a, albuminorrhce'a [L. albumen, albu- min, -I- G. rhoia, a flow.] Albuminuria.

albuminose (al-bu'ml-noz). i. Albuminous. ' 2, Albumose.

albumino'sis. A condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the albuminous constituents of the blood plasma.

albu'minous. Relating in any way to albumin; containing or consisting of albumin.

albu"minuret'ic [L. albumen, albumin, -I- G. ouretikos, causing a flow of urine.] i. Caus- ing albuminuria. 2. Albuminuric.

albuminu'ria [L. albumen, albumin, + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of albumin in the urme as voided, acciden'tal a., temporary a. due to some accidental and not lasting irritation of one or both kidneys, adoles'cent a., functional a. occurring at about the time of puberty; it is usually cyclic or orthostatic a. adventi'tious a., a. due to the presence of blood escaping somewhere in the urinary tract, of chyle, or of some other albuminous fluid, not caused by filtration: of albumin from the blood through the kidneys. coUiq'uative a., an a. which is excessive in degree. cy'clic a., a fimctional a. appearing intermittently in cycles of twelve to thirty-six hours' duration.

.BUMINURIA

29

ALCOHOL

iietet'ic a., the discharge of albumin in the urine following the ingestion of certain foods, false a., adventitious a. feb'rile a.., a. occurring during bhe course of a fever. func'tionEil a., a. occurring without disease of the kidneys or evident lesions elsewhere, hematog'enous a., he'mic a., a. occurring in anemia, syphilis, various intoxi- cations, and other states marked by profound blood changes, intermitt'ent u., cyclic a. in- trin'sic a., true a., a. occurring in disease of the kidneys, lordot'ic a., orthostatic a. j this term was suggested in the theory that the a. is due to pressure from lordosis in the lumbar spine. neurot'ic a., a. associated with epilepsy or other convulsions, central hemorrhage or other trauma, and occasionally exophthalmic goiter and various neuroses, orthostat'ic a., a condition character- ized by the appearance of albumin in the urine when the patient is in the erect posture and its disappearance when he is recumbent, pal'patory 3.., an a., sometimes lasting several hours, pro- duced in healthy individuals by bimanual palpita- tion of the kidneys, paroxys'mal a., cydic a. physiolog'ical a., (i) the presence of slight traces of nucleoalbumin in normal urine; (2) functional a. pos'tural a., orthostatic a. se'rous a., a. due to the escape of albumin from the blood through the kidneys, true a., (i) intrinsic a. ; (2) serous a. buminu'ric. Relating to or suffering from albu- minuria.

buminurophobia (al-bu"min-u-ro-fo'bi-ah) [al- buminuria + G. phobos, fear.] 1. A morbid fear of acquiring Bright's disease or albuminuria. :j. An .' exaggerated notion by the medical practitioner of the significance of albumin in the urine.

'bumoid. A protein foimd in cartilage; it is insoluble in neutral solutions and nearly so in acid and alkaline solutions.

bumone (al-bu'mon). A non-coagulable protein contained in blood serum; by some it is re- garded as an artifical product formed from the globulins when heat is employed to separate the coagulable proteins.

bu'moscope [L. albumen, albtmiin, + G. shaped, I view.] A specially mounted graduated glass tube, used in determining the presence and the approxi- mate amount of albumin in the urine or other fluid; the operation consists in bringing the fluid and nitric acid in contact without mixing them. bumose (al'bu-moz). A derived albumin, formed during the digestion of a protein, and converted on further digestion into peptone; it is very soluble and is not coagulable by heat. Bence- Jones a., see Bence-Jones* albumin, bumosemia (al-bu-mo-se'mi-ah) [albumose + G. haima, blood.] The presence of albumose in the blood.

bumosuria (al-bu-mo-su'r!-ah) [albumose + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of albumose in the urine, myelopath'ic a., Kahler's* disease. 'burgh Springs, Vermont. Saline-ferruginous- sulphureted waters. Two springs. bur'num [L.] The sapwood of an exogenous tree, between the heart- wood and the bark. 'call. Alkali. 'caloid. Alkaloid. :ap'ton. Alkapton.

samose (al-kai'noz). A mixture of albumose and maltose, a concentrated predigested food. jar'sin [alciphol) + ars(,enic).'] Alkarsin, Cadet's fuming liquid, cacodyl oxide, As(CH3)40. 'cock's canal' [Thomas Alcock, English anatomist, 1784-1833.] A space in the outer fascial wall of

the ischiorectal fossa about an inch and a half above the lower margin of the tuberosity of the ischium; it contains the internal pudic artery and veins and the terminal parts of the pudic nerve.

alcogel (al'ko-jel). Same as a hydrogel, with alcohol instead of water as the dispersion means.

al'cohol [Ar al, the, + koh'l, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine pbwder, then to anything impalpable — spirit.] i. One of a series of organic chemical compounds in which the hydrogen (H) in a hydrocarbon is replaced by hydroxyl (OH); the hydroxide of a hydrocarbon radical, reacting with acids to form esters, , as a metallic hydroxide reacts to form salts. 2. Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol. 3. (U.S.) A liquid containing 92.3 per cent, by weight (94.9 per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide ; the equivalent of the B.P., called spiritus rectifi- catus, contains 85.65 per cent, by weight (90 per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide. a. absolu'tum (Br.), absolute alcohol, a. dehy- dratum. a. ammonia'tum, ammoniated alcohol, spiritus* ammonlae. a. amyl'icum (Br.) amyl or amylic a., (CH3)2.CH.CH20H, prepared by puri- fying fusel oil, collecting that part which distils between 257° and 289° F. (i25°-i43° C.) a. dehydra'tum (U.S.), dehydrated alcohol, absolute alcohol, ethyl hydroxide, C2HB.OH, containing not more than i per cent, by weight of water, a. denatura'tum, denatured alcohol, methylated spirit; ethyl alcohol which has been made undrinkable by the addition of one-ninth of its volume of methyl alcohol and a small quantity of benzine or the pyridine bases. a. dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute alcohol, con- tains 41. s per cent, by weight (48.6 per cent, by volume) of absolute alcohol or ethyl hy- droxide; the B.P. has foiir dilutions, containing respectively 70, 60, 45, and 20 per cent, by volume of ethyl hydroxide, ammo'niated a., spiritus* ammoniEB. am'yl or amyl'ic a., a. amylicum. anhy'drous a., absolutely pure a., containing no water, ben'zyl a., phenmethylol, phenyl carbinol, a substance possessing local anesthetic properties, bu'tyl a., propyl carbinol, primary normal butyl a., the butyl a. of fermentation, CH3.CH2CH2.- CH2OH, is a colorless liquid, more poisonous than ethyl or methyl a.; there are three other butyl alcohols: isobutyl a., secondary butyl a., and tertiary butyl a., or isopropyl carbinol, ethyl-methyl carbinol, and trimethyl carbinol respectively, dena'tured a., a. denaturatum. diatom'ic or dihy'dric a., one containing two atom groups (OH), or having a bivalent radical. eth'yl a., ethyl hydroxide, grain alcohol, CH3- CH2OH, the alcohol of wine, whiskey, and other spiritubus beverages, grain a., ethyl a. homeopath'ic a., ethyl a. of 87 per cent, strength, used in making attenuations, meth'yl or methyl'ic a., wood alcohol, pyroxylic spirit,, H.CH2OH, obtained by the destructive distilla- tion of wood; it is poisonous, and often causes blindness, monoatom'ic or monohy'dric a., one containing but one atom group (01^), or having a univalent radical, pri'mary a., an alcohol characterized by the univalent atom group (CH2OH) or methoxyl. pro'pyl a., ethyl carbinol, CHS.CH2.CH2OH, a colorless fluid of alcoholic taste and fruity odor, more poispnous than ethyl alcohol, salicyl'ic a,, diathesin. sec'ondary a., an alcohol char-

ALCOHOL

3°

ALEXIA'

acterized by the bivalent atom group (CHOH). ter'tiary a., an alcohol characterized by the trivalent atom group (COH). ter'tiary am'yl a,, amylene hydrate, thi'o-a., mercaptan. triatom'ic or trihy'dric a.,' one containing three atom groups (OH), or .having a trivalent radical, wood a., methyl a.

alcoholase (al'ko-hol-az). A ferment converting lactic acid into alcohol,

al'coholate. i. A tincture or other preparation containing alcohol. 2. A chemical compound in which an atom of hydrogen in alcohol is replaced by an atom of an alkaline metal.

alcohol'ic. i. Relating to, containing, or produced by alcohol, z. A person addicted to the use of alcoholic beverages in excess.

al'coholism. Poisoning with alcohol, acute' a., intoxication, drunkenness, a temporary mental disturbance with muscular incoordination and paresis, induced by the ingestion of alcoholic beverages in poisonous amount, chron'ic a., a pathological condition, affecting chiefly the nerv- ous and gastroenteric systems, caused by the habitual use of alcoholic beverages in poisonous amount.

al'coholist. Alcoholic (2).

al'coholize. 1. To impregnate with alcohol " a. To convert into alcohoh

alcoholoma'nia. i . A morbid craving for alcoholic beverages. 2. Delirium tremens.

alcoholom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the quantity of alcohol in a fluid.

alcoholophilia (al"ko-hol-o-fil'I-ah) [alcohol + G. phileo, I love.] The craving for alcohol.

alcosol (al'ko-sol). Same as a hydrosol, with alcohol instead of water as the dispersion means.

alcre'sol. Trade name for a solution of cresylic acid, employed as an antiseptic.

alcres'ta. Trade name of a preparation of ipecac that, it is claimed, may be administered in very large doses without exciting nausea or vomiting; it is in the form of tablets, each containing the alkaloids isolated from 10 grains of ipecac.

aldehydase (al'de-hi-daz). An oxidizing ferment which converts an aldehyde into an acid.

aldehyde, aldehydum (al'de-hid, al-de-hi'dum) [allcohol) + L. de, from, + hyd(rogen); alcohol deprived of hydrogen,] 1. A chemical body intermediate between an acid and an alcohol, containing less oxygen than the former and less hydrogen than the latter, z. Acetaldehyde, acetic aldehyde, ethaldehyde a colorless liquid of irritating odor; it is polymerized into paralde- hyde* in the presence of sulphuric acid, ace'tic a., aldehyde (2). cinnam'ic a., cinnaldehydum. for'mic a., formaldehyde, meth'yl a., formalin. parafor'mic a., paraform.

alder (awl'der). A tree or shrub of the genus Alnus, The name is given also to plants of other and entirely dissimilar genera, black a., Rhamnus frangtda.

al'din. An aldehyde base.*

al'dol. Beta-oxybutyric aldehyde, a thick liquid soluble in 2 parts of water, possessing hjrpnotic properties.

aldose (al'doz). A carbohydrate containing the characterizing group of the aldehydes (CHO).

alecithal (al-es'ith-al) [G. a- priv. + lekithos, yolk.] Without yolk, noting ova, if such exist, in which there is no deutoplasm ; in general, noting the mam- malian ovum in which there is no distinct yolk.

alem'broth. A double chloride of mercury and ammonia, sometimes employed as an antiseptic in surgical dressings.

alemmal (a,-lem'al) [G. a- priv. + lemma, husk.] Noting a nerve fiber not provided with a neurilemma.

Alep'po boil or e'vil [Aleppo, a vilayet and its capital in Asiatic Turkey.] Oriental boil.*

Alet, France (S-la'). Alkaline, carbonated waters, 64° F. to 102° F. Used in anemia, dyspepsia, intestinal disorders, pregnancy, and debility. June I to September 30. Thermal establish- ment, all the year.

aletocyte (al-e'to-sit) [G. aleles, a, wanderer, + kytos, cell.] A wandering cell.

al'etrin. A dark brown bitter powder, a concen- tration product obtained from the root of Aletris* farinosa; dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2).

al'etris [G. a grinder of corn.] (N.F.) The dried rhizome and roots of Aletris farinosa, ague-root, unicorn root, crow-corn, star-grass; an herb of the eastern United States; a simple bitter, said to be a uterine tonic, diuretic, and antirheumatic, in doses of gr. 8-iS (0.5-1 -o).

aleucemia, aleucsemia (a-lu-se'ml-ah) [G. a- priv. + Uukos, white, + haima, blood.] i. A con- dition marked by aleucocytosis or leucopenia. z. Pseudoleucemia. 3. Myelomatosis. Also

written aleuchcefnia, aleukosmia, aleukemia.

aleuce'mic. i. Marked by aleucemia. ^. Not as- sociated with or characterized by leucemia, noting an early stage of Hodgkin's disease when the local symptoms are present, but the blood changes have not yet set in.

aleuclueinia (S-lu-ke'mJ-ah). Aleucemia.

aleucocytic (al-u-ko-si'tik). Marked by an absence of leucocytosis or by leucopenia.

aleucocjrtosis (i-lu-ko-si-to'sis) [G. o- priv. + leukos, white, + kytos, cell.] Leucopenia, a diminution, relative or absolute, in the niunber of white blood-cells.

aleukaemia, aleukemia (S-lu-ke'ml-ah). Aleucemia.

aleukia (S,-lu'ki-ah) [G. a- priv. ^- leukos, white.] I. Aleucemia. 2. Absence of blood plates, thrombopenia. a. haemorrhag'ica, aplastic anemia.

aleuionate (S-lu'ro-nat) [G. aleuron, flour.] A flour said to consist largely of vegetable albumin with a very small proportion of starch, used to make bread for diabetics.

aleuron (al-u'ron) [G. aleuron, wheaten flour.] Protein granules; particles of protein found in the endosperm of seeds, supposed to contain the vitamines of edible seeds and grains.

Alexan'der's opera'tion. Alexandei^Adams opera- tion.

Alexan'der-Ad'ams opera'tion [William Alexander, Liverpool surgeon, fiQip; James A. Adams, Glasgow surgeon.] Alexander's operation, Alqui^'s operation; shortening of the round ligapients of the uterus and suture of their ends to the external abdominal ring.

Alexandersbad, Germany (ah-lek-sahn'ders-baht). Chalybeate waters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, incipient phthi- sis, nervous diseases, and women's diseases. May 1; to October i.

alexeteric (S-lek-se-ter'ik) [G. alexeiSrios, able to defend.] Protective, defensive, in reference especially to infectious diseases; antidotal.

alex'ia [G. a- priv. + lexis, a word or phrase.] Loss of the power to grasp the meaning of written or printed words and sentences; word-blindness; called also optical, sensory, or visual a. in distinc- tion to motor a. (aphemia or anarthria), in which there is loss of the power to read aloud although the significance of what is written or printed is

.EXIA

31

ALKALI

cmderstood. Musical a., or music-blindness, is .OSS of the power to read musical notation, ix'in [G. alexo, I ward off.] Complement, a labile substance, present in both normal and immune serum, possessing bactericidal and hemo- lytic properties when combined with immune body ; the alexin in normal serum is sometimes called sosin, that in specific or immune serum, phylaxin iz'ine. A French proprietary remedy, said to contain chiefly phosphoric acid. izipharmic (&-leks-i-far'mik) [G. alexipharmakos, preserving against poison.] 1. Antidotal. 2. An antidote.

sxipyretic (a-lek"sJ-pi-ret'ik) [G. alexo, I ward off, -t- pyretos, fever.] Febrifuge. ezisbad, Germany (ah-lek'sis-baht). Chalybeate waters; three springs. Used in diabetes, anemia, nervous disorders and women's diseases. May 20 to September 20.

ixocyte (a-lek'so-sit) [alexin + G. kytos, cell.] A leucocyte which is assumed to secrete alexin or com.plenient.

'gae [pi. of L. alga, seaweed.] A division of cellular cryptogamous plants, including the seaweeds.

^anesthesia, algansesthesia (al-gan-es-the'zl-ah) [G. algos, pain, 4- an- priv. -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Analgesia.

garoth [after the inventor, V. Algarotii, Italian chemist, 1712-1764.] Oxychloride of antimony formerly employed as an emetic. ;esia, algesis (al-je'sl-ah, al-je'sis) [G. algesis, a sense of pain.] Hyperesthesia.. ;e'sic. Painful, hyperesthetic. ;esichronometer (al-3e"s!(-kro-nom'e-tur) [G. algesis, sense of pain, -I- chronos, time, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for recording the time required for the perception of a painful stimulus. jesimeter, algesiometer (al-je-sim'e-tur, al-je- si-om'e-tur) [G. algesis, sense of pain, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of sensitiveness of the' skin to a painful stimulus.

jesthesia (al-jes-the'zl-ah) [G. algos, pain, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Hyperesthesia. ;etic. Painful.

gid (al'jid) [L. algidus, cold.] Chilly, cold. a. perni'cious fe'ver, a pernicious malarial attack in which the patient presents all the symptoms of collapse, a. stage, a stage in certain diseases, notably in cholera, in which the skin is cold and cyanotic.

riomo'tor [G. algeinos, painful.] Causing pain- ful muscular contractions.

jiomus'cular [G. algeinos, painful.] Algiomotor. ;iovas'cular. Algovascular.

jogen'esis [G. algos, pain, + genesis, production.] The production or origin of pain. 5ogen'ic. Causing pain.

;olag'nia [G. algos, pain, -f- lagneia, lust.] A form of sexual perversion in which the infliction or. the experiencing of pain increases the pleasure of the sexual act or causes sexual pleasure inde- pendent of the act. ac'tive a., sadism, pas'sive a., masochism.

'om'eter [G. algos, pain, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of sensitive- ness to pain ; algesimeter.

;ophily (al-gof'i-U) [G. algos, pain, -I- pMlia,\ ove.] I. Pleasure experienced in the thought of pain or in the infliction of pain upon others or the suffering it oneself. 2. Algolagnia.

;opho'bia [G. algos, pain, + phobos, fear.] Abnor- mal fear of or sensitiveness to pain; odynephobia.

algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'li-ah) [G. algos, pain, -|- psyche, mind.] Psychalgia.

al'gor [L. coldness.] Cold or the sensation of cold; a chill.

algos'copy [L. algor, cold, -|- G. skoped, I view.] Cryoscopy.

algovas'cular [G. algos, pain.] Relating to changes in the lumen of the blood-vessels taking place under the influence of pain.

Alham'bra Springs, Montana. Alkaline-chalybeate- calcio waters, 90° F. to 134° F. ; twenty-two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheiomatism. constipation, and renal disorders.

Alhuelican Spring, Mexico (ahl-wa-le-kahn'). Alkq,- Itne-saline-carbonated waters. Used in chole- lithiasis.

Alibert's cheloid or chelo'ma (^-e-ber*) [Jean Louis Alibert, French physician, 1766-1837.] Cheloid. A.'s disease', (i) scleroderma; (2) mycosis fungoides.

alible (al'I-bl) [L. alibilis. nutritive.] Capable of nourishing, nutritive, nutritious.

alicyclic (al-I-si'klik). In chemistry, having the properties of both open-chain (aliphatic) and closed-chain (cyclic) compounds.

a"liena'tion [L. alienare, to make strange.] In- sanity.

alienist. One who treats the insane; a specialist in mental diseases.

al'ifonn [L. aCa, wing, -I- forma, shape.] Wing- shaped, resembling a wing, pterygoid.

al'iment [L. aCere, to nourish.] Food, that which supplies nourishment, nutriment.

alimen'tary [L. alimentum, nourishment.] Relating to food or nutrition.

alimenta'tion. x. Nourishment, food. u. Providing nourishment, feeding.

aUmen"tother'apy [L. alimentum, nourishment, -H G. therapeia, healing.] Dietotherapy, bromato- therapy, dietetic treatment.

alinasal (al-1-na'zal) [L. ala, wing, + nasus, nose.] Relating to the alee nasi, or flaring portions of the nostrils.

alinement (a-lin'ment). i. The act of bringing into line. ^. In dentistry, the line along which the teeth are adjusted.

alinjec'tion [al{cohol) + injection,'] The injection of alcohol for hardening and preserving pathological and histological specimens.

aliphat'ic [G. aleipharialeiphat-), fat, oil.] i. Fatty. 2. Noting the open-chain* compounds, most of which belong to the fatty series.

Alisma'ces [G. alisma, plantain.] An order of aquatic plants, some of which have edible tubers.

alisphenoid (al-i-sfe'noyd) \L. ala, wing, -|- sphenoid.] Relating to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. a. car'tilage, the cartilage in the embryo from which the greater wing of the sphenoid bone is developed.

aliz'arin. A red dye formerly obtained from madder, now made synthetically from anthracene, a coal-tar product ; it is an acid stain.

alkalescence (al-kal-es'ens). 1. A slight alkalinity 2. The process of becoming alkaline.

alkales'cent. Slightly alkaline; becoming alkaline.

al'kali [Ar. al, the, + qally, soda-ash.] A strongly basic substance, alkaline in reaction, and capable of saponifying fats. a. albu'min, a derived albtmiin formed by the action of a weak alkali on native albumin; it is not coagulable by heat and is precipitated when the solution is carefully neutralized, a. pois'onlng, milk sickness in cattle; trembles; slows, car'bonated a., one of the carbonates of potassium or sodium, caus'tic

ALKALI

32

ALLERGIA, ALLERGY

a., potassium or sodium hydrate, or hydroxide. fixed a., lithium, potassium, or sodium hydroxide, as distinguished from ammonium hydroxide, or volatile a. veg'etable a., (i) alkaloid; (2) a mixture of potassium hydrate and potassium carbonate. vol'atlle a,, ammonium hydroxide (ammonia) or ammonium carbonate.

alkalim'eter [alkali + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the degree of alka- linity of any mixture.

alkalim'etiy. The determination of the degree of alkalinity of a mixture.

alkaline (al'kal-in). Relating to an alkali; having the reaction of an alkali, a. earths, the hydrox- ides of barium, calcium, magnesium, and stron- tium, a. leac'tion, the turning blue of red litmus paper.

alkalin'ity. The condition of being alkaline.

al'kalinize. To render alkaline.

alkalinu'ria. The passage of urine of an alkaline reaction.

alkalith'ia. Trade name of an effervescent mixture containing lithium; employed in rheumatic and gouty conditions.

al'kalizate. Alkalinize.

alkaliza'tion. The process of rendering alkaline.

al'kalize. Alkalinize.

al'kaloid [alkali + G. eidos, resemblance, in allusion to the basic or alkaline property of these sub- stances.] A basic substance found in the leaves, bark, seeds, and other parts of plants, usually constituting the active principle of the crude drug, A substance of similar nature formed in animal tissues. Alkaloids are usually bitter in taste and alkaline in reaction and unite with acids to form salts. According to the usage of the U.S. and Br. Pharmacopeias, the name of an alkaloid terminates in -ina [L.] or -ine [E.], thereby distinguishing it from a glucoside, the termination of which is'-inum [L.] or -in [E.]. cadav'eric a., ptomaine, ezcrementi'tious a., leucomaine. fixed a., a solid, usually crystalline a., containing the elements C, H, N, and O, and not volatile, putre- fac'tive a., ptomaine, tis'sue a., leucomaine. vol'atile a., a liquid a. containing the elements C, H, and N, and volatile without decomposition; coniine and nicotine are volatile alkaloids.

alkalom'etiy [alkaloid + G. metron, measure.] Dosimetry, dosimetric* system.

alkalosis (al-k&-lo'sis) [alkali + -osis.] A con- dition in which the blood is unduly alkaline, the equilibrium between its acids and bases being displaced in favor of the latter.

al'kanet. The root of an herb, Alkanna, or Anchusa, tincioria, which yields a red dye.

al'kanin. The red dye from alkanet. a. pa'per, Boettger 's test paper, anchusin paper; filter paper dipped in a 3 per cent, alcoholic solution of alkanin and dried ; alkalies turn it blue or green, acids red.

alkap'ton [alkali + G. hapto, I seize.] Homo- gentisic acid, a yellowish red substance some- times present in the urine and giving it a reddish color; believed to be a derivative of tyrosin.

alkaptonuria (al-kap-tS-nu'rJ-ah) [alkaplon + G. ouroni urine.] The presence of alkapton in the urine; it occurs often over large periods of time or recurs at irregular intervals, and is sometimes associated with ochronosis.

alkar'sin. Alcarsin.

alkasal (al'kci-sal). Aluminum and potassium salicylate, an antiseptic and antirheumatic.

alkre'sol. Alcresol.

al'kyl [alcohol + G. hyW, stuff.] A general term for the alcohol radicals.

allachesthesia, allachaesthesia (al"ah-kes-the'sl-ah) [G. allache, elsewhere, + aisihesis, sensation.] A condition in which a sensation is referred to a point other than that to which the stimulus is applied.

allaesthe'sia. AUesthesia.

allantiasis (al-an-ti'a-sis) [G. allas{aUant-'), sausage.] Botulism; sausage-poisoning.

allantochorion (al-lan-to-ko'ri-on). Fusion of the allantois and chorion to form one structure.

allanto'ic. Relating to the allantois.

allan'toid [G. alias (.allant-), sausage, + eidos, appear- ance.] I. Sausage-shaped. 2. Allantois. 3. Relating to the allantois. a. memTirane, allantois.

allantoidean (al-an-to-id'e-an). One of the higher vertebrates, the embryo of which has an allantois.

allantoidoangiopagous(al-an"toy-do-an-jl-op'a-gus) Omphaloangiopagous.

allan'toin. A nitrogenous crystalline substance, CjHjNjO,, present in the allantoic fluid, the urine of the fetus, and elsewhere; it is also the active principle of Symphytum, or comfrey.

allantois (al-an'toys) [G. allas(allant-), sausage, + eidos, appearance.] A fetal membrane developing from the hindgut; internally it enters into the formation of the bladder, externally it contrib- utes to the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta-

allantotox'icon [G. allas(allani-), sausage, -I- toxicon, (arrow)poison.] A poisonous ptomaine formed in decomposing satisage.

AUegha'ny Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-magnesic- saline waters, 56'' F. Used in nervous affections, hepatic and renal dise^es, constipation, anemia, chlorosis, and general debility.

allelomorph (al'e-lo-morf) [G. allelon, reciprocally, -t- morphe, shape.] In Mendelian heredity, one of a pair of characters which are alternative in their inheritance, the descendants exhibiting one or the other of the characters, but not a mixture of the two.

allelomor'phic. Noting the characters (in Mendel- ian heredity) which become segregated or sepa- rate from each other; see allelomorph.

allelomorphism (al"e-lo-mor'fizm). The transmis- sion by heredity of allelomorphic characters.

Allen Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-ferrugi- nous-carbonated waters. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and renal affections, dyspepsia, constipation, and chronic malaria.

AU'en treat'ment [Frederick M. Allen, American physician, *i879.] The so-called starvation treatment of diabetes by means of certain days of absolute fasting followed by a spare diet with a limited amount of carbohydrate.

AU'en's test [Charles Warrenne Allen, American dermatologist, 1834-1906.] The application of Lugol's solution of iodine to a suspected eruption will produce a dark mahogany stain if the lesion is tinea versicolor.

AU'en's test. Upon the addition of a few drops of hydrochloric acid and then one of nitric acid to the suspected fluid, a red color will appear if the fluid contains carbolic acid.

allergen (al'ur-jeni [allergy + G. gennao, I produce.] A hypothetical toxic substance in tuberculin, vac- cine virus, and other infectious material, upon the union of which with ergin the phenomenon of allergy depends.

allergenic (al"ur-jen'ik). Anaphylactogenic.

allergla, allergy (al-ur'jl-ah, al'ur-jl) [G. alios, other, + {en)ergeia, from ergon, work.] An acquired immunity, associated with anaphylaxis in which

XERGIA, ALLERGY

33

ALLOTROPY

reinoculation causes a renewal of the same infec- tion, but in a manner different from that of the re- action to the primary infection. A clinical change in the capacity of the organism to react to an in- fection or intoxication, following a primary infec- tion; it may be in the direction of immimity or of increased susceptibility.

'ergin. A term proposed by Anderson to denote an antibody characteristic of anaphylaxis, specific Eor its antigen, and thought to be the essential agent in the passive transference of anaphylaxis. esthesia, alleesthesia (al-es-the'zl-ah) [G. alios, other, + aisthesis, sensation.] A form of alla- chesthesia in which the sensation of a stimulus in one limb is referred to the opposite limb ; allochiria. levard, France (al-var'). Sulphureted-carbonated waters; cold. Used in rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, catarrhal conditions, and diseases of women. June i to September 30. iaceous (al-J-a'se-us) [L. allium, garlic] Relating to, or having the odor or taste of, garlic or onion. Tingham's opera'tion [Herbert "William AUingham, English surgeon, contemporary.] Colotomy through an incision parallel to and just above Poupart 's ligament.

Tingham's opera'tion [WHliam. A lUngham, English surgeon, 1830— 1908.] Exsection of the rectum through an incision in the perineum alongside the anus extending back to the coccyx. A.'s ul'cer, fissure of the anus.

Tis's Inhaler [Oscar H. Allis, Philadelphia surgeon, contemporary.] An apparatus for giving ether by inhalation to induce general anesthesia. A.'s sign, in fracture of the neck of the femur, the trochanter rides up relaxing the fascia lata so that the finger can be sunk deeply between the great trochanter and the iliac crest. itera'tion [L. ad, to, -1- Uttera, letter.] The frequent employment of words having the same initial sound, occasionally noted as a form of dys- phrasia.

Tium [L. garlic] A genus of plants of the natural order LiliacecB; among the species are A, cepa, onion, A. sativum, garlic, A. porrum, leek, and A. schcenoprasum, chives.

lium (N.F.). Garlic; has been employed in the treatment of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 30

(2.0).

ochiral (al-ok'i-ral) . Relating to or suffering from

allochiria.

ochiria, allocheiria (aro-ki'il-ah) [G. alios, other,

+ cheir, hand.] A form of dyschiria in which a

stimulus applied to one side of the body is referred

to the opposite side; allesthesia.

lochroic (al-o-kro'ik) [G. allochroos, changed in

color.] Changed or changeable in color; relating

to allochroism.

lochroism (al-ok'ro-izm) [G. alios, other, + chroa,

color.] A change or changeableness in color.

iochromasia (al-o-kro-ma'sl-ah) [G alios, other, -t-

chroma, color.] Change of color of the skin or hair

iocoUoid (al-o-kol'oyd) [G. alios, other.] A

colloid system made up by a single element (in

allotropic forms) ; e.g. , sulphur undergoes several

allotropio modifications when heated or when

cooled suddenly.

oesthesia, allosesthesia (al-o-es-the'zJ-ah) .

Allesthesia.

og'amy [G. alios, other, + gamos, marriage.]

The fertilization of the ova of one individual by

the spermatozoa of another, or, in plants, of the

ovules by pollen from another flower or the

flowers of another individual; cross-fertilization;

the opposite of autogamy.

allokinesis (al-o-kin-e'sis) [G. alios, other, -f- kini- sis, movement. \ j.. Passive movement. 2. Re- flex movement.

allola'lia [G. alios, other, -1- lalia, talking.] Any speech defect, especially one due to disease affect- ing the speech center.

allomorphism (al-o-mor'fizm) [G. alios, other, -I- morphe, form.] A change of shape in cells due to mechanical causes, such as flattening from pressure, or to progressive metaplasia, such as the change of cells of the bile-ducts into liver- cells.

allopath (al'o-path). i. One who practises medi- cine according to the system of allopathy, a. Erroneously, a physician of the rational or regular school, as distinguished from eclectic or home- opathic practitioners.

allopath'ic. Relating to allopathy.

allop'athist. Allopath.

allop'athy [G. alios, other, + pathos, suffering.] i A system of therapeutics in which disease is treated by exciting a morbid process of another kind or in another part — a method of substitution. ■When, in former times, an injection of strong solution of nitrate of silver was given in begin- ning gonorrhea in order to excite a substitutive, non-specific, inflammation, the gonococcus being unknown, the principle was one of allopathy. 2. Erroneously, the rational or regular practice of medicine, as distinguished from particiilar schools, such as homeopathy or eclecticism.

alloplasia (al-o-pla'zl-ah) [G. alios, other, -1- plasis, a moulding.] The replacing of normally domi- nant cell-forms in an organ or tissue by other cell- forms normally latent in such tissue, such as the presence of squamous epithelium in the bladder or of gastric mucosa in the esophagus; heteropla- sia, dysplasia.

allopsychic (al-o-si'kik) [G. alios, other, -|- psychl, soul.] Noting the mental processes in their relation to the outer world.

allorrhythmia (al-6-ridh'mI-ah) [G. alios, other, + rkyihmos, rhythm.] Irregularity in the cardiac rhythm.

allorrhjrthmic (al-6-ridh'mik) . Irregular in rhythm, noting especially the pulse or cardiac action.

allosome (al'o-s5m) [G. alios, other, -f- soma, body.] Heterochromosome, heterotypical chromosome, one of the chromosomes differing in appearance or behavior from the ordinary chromosomes, or autosomes, and sometimes unequally distributed among the germ-cells, paired a., diplosome. unpaired a., monosome, accessory chromosome.*

allotoz'in [G. alios, other.] An antitoxin or other substance formed in the blood or tissues, which checks the injurious action of a toxin.

allotriodontia (al-ot-ri-o-don'sH-ah) [G. allotrios, foreign, + odous(pdont-). tooth.] The growth of a tooth in some abnormal location.

allotriogeustia (al-ot-rl-o-jus'tl-ah) [G. allotrios, foreign, -I- geusis, taste.] Perverted taste, one for innutritions and unusual objects, such as earth.

allotriophag; (al-d-tri-ofa-ji) [G. allotrios, foreign to the purpose, -I- phago, I eatj The habit of eating unusual, innutritions, or injurious substances, dirt-eating, for example.

allotrope (al'o-trop). A substance in one of the allotropic forms which the element may assume.

allotroph'ic [G. alios, other, -1- trophe, nourish- ment.] Having an altered nutritive value-

allotrop'ic. Relating to allotropy.

allot'ropism. Allotropy. .

allot'ropy [G. alios, other, + tropos, manner, way.]

ALLOTROPY

34

ALPHITOMORPHOUS

The existence of certain elements, such as phos- phorus and carbon, in several different forms with unlike physical properties. All'ouez Mineral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- saline-calcic waters, 46° F. Used for drinking in diabetes, Bright's disease, gastric and hepatic disorders, rheumatism, gout, and vesical calculi. alloz'an. An oxidation product of uric acid,

C^HjN.O,. allox'antin. A derivative of alloxan, formed in the

presence of reducing agents. allox'uT ba'ses or bod'ies [alloxian) + ur(ea).} Xanthine bases.* Certain nitrogenous sub- stances formed by the splitting up of nucleins. alloxuremia (al-ok-su-re'ml-ah) [alloxur + G. haima, blood.] The presence of alloxur bases in the blood. alloxu'ria. The presence of alloxur bodies in the

urine.

allozu'ric ba'ses. Alloxur bases, xanthine bases.*

alloy' [F. alloyer from L. alligare, to combine.] A

substance composed of a mixture of two or more

metals.

allspice (awl'spis). Pimento, the fruit of Eugenia

pimenta, a West Indian tree. allyl [L. allium, garlic, -I- hyU, matter.]^ A univ- alent radical, C3H5, which has not been isolated as such, present in garlic, a. al'dehyde, acrolein. a. isosulphocyanate, volatile oil of mustard, de- rived from sinigrin.* a. sul'phide, oil of garlic. a. tribro'mide, trybromhydrin. a. trichlor'ide, trichlorhydrin. allyl'amine. A liquid of sharp caustic taste derived

from crude oil of mustard. AlmSn's blood test (ahl-man') [August Theodor Almen, Swedish physiologist, 1833— 1903.] A mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiac and oil of turpentine is added to washings of the suspected stain, and if it is blood a blue color will appear. A.'s rea'gent, a 2 per cent, alcoholic solution of tannin; 1 part added to 6 parts of urine will cloud the fluid if albumin is present. A.'s test for glucose; the liquid to be tested is heated with a solution of caustic soda, Rochelle salt, and bismuth subnitrate; the pres- ence of glucose causes the deposit of a black precipitate. almond (al'mund or ah'mund). The kernel of the fruit of Prunus communis or P. amygdalus. bitt'er a., amygdala amara. sweet a., amygdala dulcis. al'nuin. A substance derived from the bark of the alder, one of several species of Alnus; it has been used as a tonic in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.12-0.3). Al'nus [L. alder.] A genus of small trees or shrubs, the alders, the bark of which possesses tonic and astringent properties in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3- 0.6). AI2O3. Aluminum oxide. alochia (S-lo'kl-ah) [G. o- priv. -I- lochia.'] Absence

of the lochia following childbirth. Aloe (al'o-e) [G. aloe.] A genus of plants of the natural order Liliacece. A. chinen'sis, one of the sources of Barbados aloes. A. ferox, a species from which is obtained the aloes used in South Africa. A. per'ryi, the source of Socotrine aloes. A. vera, one of the species furnishing the official aloes. A. vulga'ris, a source of a non-oificial aloes used in the West Indies. aloe (al'o-e) (U.S.). The inspissated juice from the leaves of Aloe vera, A. chinensis, A. perryi, or other species of aloe. a. barbaden'sis (Br.), ob- tained from A . vera and A . chinensis. a. purifl- ca'ta, purified aloes, .prepared by melting and straining Socotrine aloes; cathartic, emmena-

gogue, anthelmintic, dose gr. 2-10 (0.12-0.6). a. socotri'na (Br.), obtained from A. perryi.

aloes (al'oz). Aloe (U.S. and Br.). Barba'dos a., a variety of a. obtained chiefly from Aloe chinen- sis and A. vera; official in the B.P. Cape a., said to be derived from Aloe ferox; used chiefly in veterinary practice, hepat'ic a., Socotrine a; Natal' a., Cape a.. Soc'otrine a., hepatic a., obtained from Aloe perryi, imported chiefly from Bombay.

aloet'ic. Relating to aloes.

alo'etin. Aloinimi.

alo'gia [G. a- priv. + logos, speech.] Aphasia.

al'oin, aloin'um (U.S. and Br.). Aloin, a yellowish crystalline neutral principle derived from aloes; dose gr. ^-2 (0.03-0.12).

alopecia (al-o-pe'sl-ah) [G. alopekia, the mange of foxes.] Acomia, calvities, baldness, a. adna'ta, congenital baldness, a. area'ta, a disease of the hair leading to the production of circumscribed patches of baldness, a, Cel'si, a areata, a. cicatrisa'ta, a. foUicularis. a. circumscrip'ta, u. areata, a. follicula'ris, a papular or pustular in- flammation of the hair follicles of the scalp, result- ing in scarring and loss of hair in the affected area. a. furfura'cea, dandruff with falling of the hair; a. pityrodes. a. localis, falling of the hair in cir- cumscribed spots corresponding to the area of distribution of the nerves of the scalp, a. neurit'ica, a. localis. a. neurot'ica, a. of tro- phoneurotic origin, a. pityro'des [G. pityrodes, branny, scurfy], a falling of the hair, of the body as well as of the scalp, accompanied by an abun- dant bran-like desquamation, a. praeseni'lis, baldness occurring in early or middle life without any apparent disease of the scalp, a. seni'lis, the normal falling of the hair of the scalp in old age. a. sim'plex, premature baldness, a. praesenilis. a. symptomat'lca, a. occurring in the course of various constitutional or local diseases, or fol- lowing long fevers, a. universa'lis, general falling of the hair from all parts of the body and not from the scalp only, reflex' a., Jacquet's* disease.

aloxanthin (al-oks-an'thin) [aloe + xanihos, yellow.] A yellow substance obtained from aloes by treat- ing with potassium bichromate.

Alpena Magnetic Sulphur Springs, Michigan. Saline-sulphureted waters, 67.6° F. to 36.1° F. Used by drinking and bathing in diabetes, vesical catarrh, constipation, rhetunatism, Bright's disease, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, syphilis, and cutaneous diseases.

al'pha. The first letter of the Greek alphabet (a). It is employed in chemistry to denote the first in a series of isomeric compounds ; and is similarly used as a classifier in the nomenclature of other sciences, a. leu'cocyte, a. rays, etc., see the prin- cipal word.

alphaiodine (al-fah-i'o-din, al-fah-i'o-din) [G. alpha, a,, + iodine.] Term applied by Kendall to the supposed active principle of the thyroid secretion.

alpha-naph'thol. A substance obtained from coal- tar and prepared artificially, a colorless crystal- line powder; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever and other conditions in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0), also externally in oily solution, in scarlet fever, erysipelas, and small- pox.

al'phasol. Trade name of a proprietary remedy used as an external antiseptic in rhinology and laryngology.

alphitomorphous (al-fi-to-mor'fus) [G. alphiton,

ALPHITOMORPHOUS

■3S

ALUMINUM

barley-meal, + morphe, form.] Having a re- semblance to barley-meal, noting certain fungi on plants

al'phogen. Trade name for disuccinyl-dioxide or succinic peroxide, alphozone ; a white amorphous substance, germicidal and deodorant in fresh solu- tion or in powder.

al'phol. Trade n^me of alpha-naphthol salicylate; antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses of gr.

8-iS (o-S-i-o)-

alphon'sin [Alphonse Ferri, Italian surgeon, 1515- 1595.] A three-pronged bullet-forceps.

al'phos [G.] Psoriasis.

al'phozone. Trade name for succinic peroxide, alphogen.*

alphylarsonic acid (al"fil-ar-son'ik as'Id). An ar- sonic acid to which a radical of the alphyl group is attached.

al'phyl group. A group of radicals of the fatty or paraffin series.

Alqiii£'5 opera'tion (al-ke-a') [Alexis Jacques AlqwU, French surgeon in Montpellier, 1812— 1865.] Alexander-Adams operation.

al'sol. Trade name of aluminum acetotartrate, occurring in colorless crystals slowly soluble in water; a disinfectant and astringent for use chiefly as an application to the mucous membrane of the nose and throat in i or 2 per cent, solution, and as an application to chilblains in 3 per cent, solution.

AljCSOp,, (HH,)jSO, -I- 24HjO. Alum.

alsto'nia [Charles Alston, Edinburgh physician, 1683-1760.] (B.A.) Dita bark, the dried bark of Alstonia scholaris and A, constricta, trees of trop- ical Africa, Asia, and Australia; bitter tonic, employed in malaria and dysentery in the form of infusion or tinctiire.

al'stonine. Chlorogenine, an alkaloid from alstonia, occurs in the form of a brown powder, slightly soluble in water; antiseptic and antipyretic.

alter (awl'ter) [L. alterare; alter, other.] i. To change; to make different, to become different. 2. To castrate.

alterant (awl'tur-ant) [L. alterare, to change.] Altera- tive. I. Causing a favorable change in the dis- ordered functions of the body or in metabolism. 2. A remedy, such as arsenic, iodine, or mercury, which acts in a way to correct disordered meta- bolic processes and promote repair.

altera'tion. r. A change. 2. A changing, a mak- ing different, mo'dal a., in electric irritability, a change in the mode of response of degenerated muscle to galvanic and faradic currents, the con- traction being sluggish instead of quick, qual'- itative a., in electric irritability, a change in which the muscle contracts as readUy on application of the anode as on that of the cathode, quan'titative a., in electric irritability, a gradual loss of contrac- tility in a muscle in response to static, faradic, and galvanic currents successively.

alterative (awl'tur-a-tiv). Alterant.

alternating (awl'tur-na-ting) [L. alternare, to do by turns.] Occurring in reciprocal succession, noting an electric current the direction of which changes in rapid succession.

alths'a (U.S.). Althea, marshmallow, the root of Althtsa officinalis; used in powder as an excipient. a. fo'lia (N.F.), althea leaves, marshmallow leaves, the dried leaves of A. officinalis; em- ployed as a demulcent in dose of gr. 30 (2.0).

althose (al'thaz). Trade name of an expectorant pre- paration containing senega, sqmll, and codeine salicylate.

Altmann's flu'id (ahlt'mahn) [Richard Altmann,

German histologist, 1852-1900.] A fixing fluid containing equal parts of a 5 per cent, potas- sium bichromate solution and a 2 per cent, osmio acid solution. A.'s gran'ules, granules demon- strable by certain methods of staining in the pro- toplasm of normal cells ; their alleged absence in the cells of malignant growths has been thought to be of diagnostic value. A.'s the'ory, that protoplasm is composed of a number of granular elements (bioblasts), grouped in zooglea-like masses, or united by threads, surrounded by an indifferent substance.

al'um [L. alumen.] A double sulphate of aluminum and of an alkaline earth or ammonium ; the potas- sium salt is official as alumen in the U.S.P., both the potassium and the ammonium salts in the B.P. Chemically, an alum is any one of the double salts formed by a combination of a sul- phate of aluminum, iron, manganese, chromium, or gallium, on one side, with a sulphate of lith- ium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, caesium, or rubidium, on the other, ammo'nia a., the double sulphate of aluminum and ammonium; altunen (Br.), anunouiofer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sul- phas, burnt a., alumen exsiccatum. chrome a., the sulphate of chromium and potassittm, a violet, pigment, fer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sulphas. iron a., ferric a. potas'sium a., the double sul- phate of alumintmi and potassium ; alumen (U.S. and Br.).

alumen (S,-loo'men) (U.S and^ Br.). Alum, potassium alum (U.S.), potassium or ammonium alum (Br.), a double sulphate of aluminum and potassium or aluminum and ammonium; astringent and styptic, employed externally, and occasionally internally in doses of gr. 3-15 (0.3-1.0), or as an emetic in doses of 51-4 (4.0-16.0). a. exsicca'tum (U.S.), dried alum, burnt alum, alumen ustum; alum de- prived of its water of crystallization by heat, occurring in the form of a white granular powder; used externally as an astringent dusting powder, a. us'tum, a. exsiccatum.

al'um-hematox'ylin. A purple tissue-stain -used in histology, a mixture of an aqueous solution o£ potassium alum and an alcoholic solution of hematoxylin.

Alum Rock Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- carbonatod; also chalybeate waters; two sulphur springs have a temperature of 85° P. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic malaria, anemia, chlorosis, debility, and nervous prostration.

alumina (S.-loo'mi-nah) . Aluminum oxide, AliOa.

alu'minated. Containing alum.

alumin'ium. Aluminum.

alu'minol. Alimiinum naphtholdisulphonate, tL white powder soluble in water; employed exter- nally in J to 5 per cent, solutions as an astringent and antiseptic.

alumino'sis. A chronic catarrhal affection of the respiratory passages occurring in workers in alum.

aluminum (^-loo'mif-num) . A white silvery metal of very light weight; symbol Al, atomic weight 27.1. a. group, five of the basylous dements, glucinum, aluminum, scandium, gallium, and indium, alu'mini hydrox'idum (U.S.), hydrated alumina, aluminum hydrate, a light white powder employed as an astringent dusting powder, and internally as a mild astringent antacid in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4). alu'- minum naphtholdisul'phonate, aluminol. alu'- mini sulphas (N.P.), aluminum sulphate, a. white crystalline mass or powder; employed as a caustic astringent in pencils.

ALUMNOL

36

AMAUROSIS

alum'nol. Aluminol.

Alvegniat's pump (al-van-yaf). A mercurial vacuum pump used to remove gases from the blood, for estimation of the contained amount. al'veloz. The inspissated juice of Euphorbia heiero- doxa, a South American tree, used externally in lupus and cancer and to soften scar-tissue.

alveobronchiolitis (al"ve-o-brong"ld-o-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli; capillary bronchitis with involvement of the alveoli; bronchopneumonia.

alve'olar. Relating to an alveolus in any sense. a. air, the residual air in the pulmonary vesicles ; its composition is believed to be obtained ap- proximately by breathing back and forth a number of times into a closed bag and then analyzing the air in the bag. a. in'dex, gnathic index.* a. periosti'tis, alveolitis, a. point, see tmder point.

alveolectomy (al-ve-o-lek'to-mJ) [L. alveolus + G. ektome, excision.] The operation of opening into a dental alveolus to give exit to retained pus or other fluid and to gain access to the cavity for treatment.

alveoli (al-ve'o-li) . Plural of alveolus. a. denta'les [BNA], tooth sockets, a. pulmo'num [BNA], the air-cells of the lungs, the terminal dilatations of the bronchioles.

al"veolin'gual. Relating to the alveolus of the lower jaw and the tongue.

alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'(le')tis). Pyorrhea* alveolaris, alveolar periostitis, dentoalveolitis, pericementi- tis, Riggs's disease, Fauchard's disease.

alveolocondylean (al-ve"o-lo-kon-dil'e-an). Relat- ing to the alveoli and condyles of the mandible, or lower jaw.

alye'oloden'tal. Relating to the alveoli and the teeth.

alve'olus, gen. and pi. alve'oli [L. dim. of alveus trough, tub.] A small cell or cavity, i. An air-cell, one of the terminal dilatations of the bronchioles in the lungs. 2. An acinus or ter- minal lobule of a racemose gland. 3. One of the honeycomb pits in the wall of the stomach. 4. A tooth-socket, alveolus dentalis.

al'veus [L. tray, trough, cavity.] The layer of fibers from the hippocampal fimbria spread out on the ventricular surface of the hippocampus. a. commu'nis, utriculus. a. urogenita'lis, utricu- lus prostaticus. a. utriculo'sus, utriculus.

alvine (al'vin) [L. alvus, belly.] Relating to the abdomen or the intestine.

al'vus [L. belly.] The abdomen and its viscera

A.L.W. Abbreviation for arch-loop-whorl, or Gal- ton's* system of classification of finger-prints.

al3nn'phia [G. o- priv. -I- L. lympha, lymph.] Absence or deficiency of lymph.

alymphopotent (a-lim'fo-po"tent) [G. a- priv. 4- lymphocyle, + L. patens, able.] Unable to pro- duce lymphocytes or lymphoid cells.

alypin (al'i-pin). A synthetic crystalline powder soluble in water and alcohol; a local anesthetic, similar to, but less toxic than cocaine; used in 0.5—2 per cent, solutions; is not mydriatic. Chemically it is benzoyltetramethyl-diamino- ethyl-dimethyl-carbinol hydrochloride.

Alzheimer's disease' (ahlts'hi-mer) [Alois Alz- heimer, Munich neurologist, 1864-1915.] Pre- senile dementia occurring usually in persons under fifty years of age, associated with A.'s sclerosis and neurofibrile degeneration. A.'s Bclero'sis, hyaline degeneration of the medium and smaller blood-vessels of the brain.

Am. Abbreviation for ametropia, or for mixed astigmatism.

A.M.A. Abbreviation for American Medical Association.

amaas (ah'mahs). Milk-pox.

amacrinal (S-mak'ri-nal). Relating to an amacrine.

amacrine (am'a-krln) [G. a- priv. + makros, long + is(,in-), fiber.] A unipolar nerve-cell found in the retina, olfactory bulb, and within the meshes of Purkinje's cells in the cerebellum.

amadou (am'S-doo) [Fr. amadouer, to coax.] A substance derived from fungi. Boletus igniarius, Polyporus fomeniarius, and other varieties, found growing on tree-trunks, used as a hemostatic, and when impregnated with saltpeter, as punk.

amake'be. A disease of calves in Uganda, caused by a protozoan parasite, Theileria parva, trans- mitted by means of a tick, Rhipicephalus appen- diculatus.

amal'gam [G. malagma, a soft mass.] An alloy of mercury with another nietal, regarded as a. solution of that metal in mercury. An amalgam of mercury, silver, and tin is used in dentistry as a filling for carious dental cavities.

amal'gamate. To make an amalgam.

Amani'ta [G. amaniiai, fungi.] A genus of fungi Agaricus. A. musca'ria, fly agaric*

aman'itine. An alkaloid derived from poisonous species of Amanita or Agaricus.

ama'ra [neut. pi. of L. amarus, bitter.] Bitters.

am'aiil [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] The toxin of Sanarelli's bacillus, B. icterodes, at one time asserted to be the specific organism of yellow fever.

amarill'ic [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] Relating to yellow fever.

am'arin [L. amarus, bitter.] A name applied to various bitter principles derived from plants, especially to a poisonous substance, occurring in lusterless white crystals, obtained from oil of bitter almond.

am'aroid [L. amarus, bitter, + G. eidos, like.] A bitter extractive which does not belong to the class of glucosides, alkaloids, or any of the known proximate principles of plants.

amaroi'dal. Resenibling the bitters. Having a slightly bitter taste.

amarthiitis (am-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. ama, at once, -I- arthron, joint, -I- -itis.] Polyarthritis.

amarum (S-mah'rum) [neut. of L. amarus, bitter.] One of a class of vegetable drugs of bitter taste, such as gentian and quassia, employed as appetizers and tonics.

Amaryllida'ces. An order of monocotyledonous plants, the flowers having six, or a multiple of six, stamens and a trilocular inferior ovary; it includes Narcissus, Agave, and certain African plants used as arrow poisons.

amasesis (am-5-se'sis) [G. a- priv. -1- masesis, chew- ing.] Absence of mastication. Inability to masticate.

amas'tia [G. a- priv. + mastos, breast.] Absence of the breasts.

amativeness (am'S-tiv-nes) [L. amare, to love.] 1. Sexual desire. 2. The propensity to love, a faculty located by phrenologists in the back part of the brain.

amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis) [G. amauros, dark, obscure.] A total loss of vision without discover- able lesion in the eye structures or optic nerve. a. partia'lis fu'gax, temporary blindness occur- ring in attacks, associated with headache, nausea, and scotomata. sabur'ral a., a. associated with symptoms of acute gastric disturbance, tox'ic a., blindness due to optic neuritis excited by tobacco, alcohol, wood alcohol, lead, arsenic, quinine, or other poisons.

AMAUROTIC

37

AMBROSIA

amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik). Relating to or suffering from amaiirosis. a. id'iocy, a. fam'ily id'iocy, see under idiocy.

amazophobia (§,-niak-so-£o'bi-ah) [G. amaxa, a carriage, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of meeting or of riding in any sort of vehicle.

amazia (§.-ma'zi-ah) [G. a- priv. + mazos, breast.] Absence of breasts, amastia.

Ambard's con'stant (ahm-bar') [Leo Ambard, Paris physician, contemporary.] Ureo-secretory con- stant ; the relation between the amount of urea in the blood and that excreted in the urine— a measure of renal activity; it is given by the formula:

' P 55

in which Ur means the amount of urea per liter of blood, C the concentration of urea in the urine, D the urea excreted in twenty-four hours, P the weight of the patient.

am'ber [L. ambra.'] Succinum; the fossil resin of pine trees found in Northern Europe ; it becomes negatively electrified in friction. The oil is sometimes used as a stimulant antispasmodic in doses of 1515—10 (0.3—0.6).

am'bergris [Fr. ambre gris, L. ambra grisea, gray amber.] A grayish pathological secretion from the intestine of the sperm whale; it is used as a perfume, and has been employed as a nerve stimulant in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2).

ambidez'ter [L. ambi-, on both sides, + dexter, right.] I. Having equal facility in the use of both hands, j. One who can write and do other acts equally well with either hand.

embidezter'ity. The ability to use both hands with equal ease.

ambideztrism (am-bi-deks'trizm). Ambidexterity.

ambidez'trous. Ambidexter (i).

ambilat'eral [L. ambo, both, + latus, side.] Relat- ing to both sides.

ambileTOUS (am-bl-le'vus) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + IcBvus, left.] Awkward in the use of both hands.

ambio'pia [L. ambi-, on both sides, -1- G. dps, eye.] Diplopia.

ambisinister (am-bi-sin-is'ter) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + sinister, left.] Ambilevous.

ambivalence (am-biv'a-lens, am-bi-va'lens) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + valentia, strength.] The property of having equal value or power applied in either of two contrary directions.

ambivalent (am-biVa-lent) [L. ambi-, on both sides, -t- valere, to have power.] Of equal value or power in both directions, a. feel'lngs, emotions of opposite character, such as love and hate, directed toward the same person.

Ambler Springs, South Carolina. Light alkaline- calcic waters; two springs. Used for dyspepsia and eczematous cutaneous disorders.

amblyacousia (am"bH-a,-koo'si-ah) [G. amblys, dull, + akousis, hearing.] Slight impairment of hearing.

amblyapliia (am-ble-af'1-ah) [G. amblys, dull -I- haphe, touch.] Diminution in tactile .sensibility.

amblychromasia (am-bli-kro-ma'sl-ah) [see ambly- chromatic] A condition in which, chromatin being scanty, a cell nucleus stains faintly.

amblychTomatic (am-bll-kro-mat'ik) [G. amblys, dim, + chrdmatikos, relating to color.] Staining faintly, noting especially a nucleus having but little chromatin.

amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'ti-ah) [G. amblys, dull,-l- geusis, sense of taste.] A blunted sense of taste. Amblyomma (am-ble-om'ah) [G. amblys, dull, + omma, eye, vision.] A genus of ticks. A. hebrse'um, a species said to transmit the specific organism of hemoglobinuria in sheep. amblyopia (am-ble-o'pl-ah) [G. amblys, dim, -I- ops, sight.] Dimness of vision, partial loss of sight without discoverable lesion in the eye structures or the optic nerve, a. ez anop'sia, dimness of vision from non-use, occurring in the young as a result of cataract, refractive errors of high degree, etc., which prevent accurate focusing on the retina. color a., incomplete or partial color-blindness postmar'ital a., Bums'* amaurosis, quinine' a., dimness of vision caused by anemia of the retina sometimes following large doses of quinine. toz'ic a., chronic retrobulbar optic neuritis caused by tobacco, alcoholic liquors, wood alcohol, lead, arsenic, and certain other poisons, ure'mic a., loss of sight, without apparent lesion of the retina, sometimes occurring during an attack of uremia. amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o"pI-at'riks) [G. iatrikos, relating to medicine.] Treatment of dimness of vision. amblyoscope (am'ble-o-skop) [amblyo(pia) , + G. skopeo, I regard.] An instrument resembling a, stereoscope, used in training the fusion sense, and habituating an amblyopic eye to bear its share of vision. am'bo [G. ambon, edge of a dish.] The elevation surroimding a joint cavity, such as the glenoid cavity; also the annular fibrocartilage producing this elevation and deepening the cavity. ambocep'toid. An amboceptor with only the

complementophil group. am'boceptor [L. ambo, both, + capere, to take.] An antibody with two haptophore groups, cyto^ phil and complementophil; the substance in serum which possesses an affinity for both, the complement and the bacterium, erythrocyte, or other cell upon which the latter acts, and which serves to unite the two so that the lysis or de- struction of the cell may be effected; synonyms: intermediary body, immune body, substance sen- sibilatrice, substance fixatrice, coptda, desmon, preparator, sensitizer, fixative, bacteriolyt'ic a., bacteriolysin, an a. capable of causing bacteriol- ysis in the presence of complement, hemolyt'ic a., hemolysin, an a. capable of dissolving red blood-cells in the presence of complement. immune' a., the a. produced in serum by repeated injections of foreign cells, nat'ural a., the a., present in normal serum. ambocep'torgen. An antigen causing the produc- tion of amboceptor. ambomalleal (am-bo-mal'e-al) . Relating to the

ambos, or incus, and the malleus. am'bon. Ambo. am'bos. Incus. Amboy'na butt'on [Amboyna, one of the Spice

Islands in the Malay Archipelago.] Yaws am'bra gris'ea. A homeopathic remedy prepared from ambergris, employed in cases marked by forgetfulness and a sense of hurry, sleeplessness from worry, and muscular twitchings. ambrine (am'bren) [P. from amber which it resem- bles somewhat.] A mixture of paraffin with wax and resins, including oil of amber, employed as an external application to burns and frost- bites, ambrosia (am-bro'zhl-ah) [G. the food of the gods.] Rag-weed, Roman wormwood, the flowering tops

AMBROSIA

38

AMICRON

of Ambrosia artemisicefolia' tonic and astringent; employed in eclectic practice inintermittents, diar- rhea, hematuria, hemorrhoids, and various nerv- ous states, in doses of gtt. 5-10 (0.3-0^6) of the specific preparation of 240 grains to the ounce of alcohol. The pollen causes hay fever.

am'bulance [L. ambulare, to move about.] i. A wagon used for the transportation of the sick or wounded. 2. The movable organization, including temporary hospital, medical and sur- gical supplies, surgeons and nurses, and means of transportation of the sick, accompanying an army, and intended for first aid and the care of em rgency cases.

am'bulant, am'bulatory. i. Moving about; noting pains and other symptoms which shift about from one place to another. 2. Walking about or able to walk about; noting a patient who is not confined to bed with the disease from which he suffers; noting also the disease in such cases.

ambustion (am-bus'chun) [L. atnburere, to scorch.] A bum or scald.

ame'ba [G. amoibe, change.] A unicelltilar protozoan organism, of globular shape at rest, but endowed with the power of extruding pseudopodia and of assuming various shapes. Many amebas are parasitic, some pathogenic. See Amceba.

amebi'asis. Infection with pathogenic amebas.

eme'bic. Relating to, resembling, or caused by amebas.

ame'bicide [L. ccsdere, to kill.] i. Destructive to amebas. 2 Any agent which causes the destruc- tion of amebas.

ame'biform [L. amcsba. + forma, shape.] Of the shape or appearance of an ameba.

amebio'sis. Amebiasis.

ame'bism. Amebiasis.

amebocyte (S-me'bo-slt) [G. amoibe, ameba, -I- kytos, cell.] A cell, such as a neutrophile leucocyte, having the power of ameboid move- ments.

ame'boid [6. amoibe, ameba, -I- eidos, appearance.] I. Resembling an ameba in appearance or charac- teristics. 2. Of irregular outline with peripheral projections, noting the outline of a form of plate culture; see cut under colony, i, B.

ameboididity (a-me"boy-did'I-H). The power of locomotion after the manner of an ameboid cell.

ame'boidism. The performance of movements similar to those of an ameba, noting a condition sometimes seen in certain nerve-cells.

ame'bule. Amoebula.

ameburia (am-e-bu'rl-ah) [G. ouron, tirine.] Amoe- buria, the presence of amebas in the urine when voided.

amelia (S.-mel'i-ah) [G. <j- priv. + melos, a limb.] Congenital absence of the extremities.

Am^lie-les-Bains, Prance (a-ma-le"la-ban'). Alka- line-sulphur waters, 71° F. to 173° F. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and gastro- enteric disorders, chronic catarrhal conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, and cutaneous affections. The entire year.

ameliflca'tion [Early E. amel, enamel, -f L. facere, to make.] Formation of the enamel of the teeth.

amelioration (a-me-U-or-a'shun) [L. ad, to, + rm- liorare, to make better.] Improvement; mode- ration in the intensity of symptoms.

am'eloblast [Early E. amel, enamel, -I- G. hlastos. germ.] Adamantoblast.

am'elus [G. a- priv. + melos, limb.] A monster without arms or legs.

amenia (a-me'ni(-ah) [G. a- priv. + men, month.] Amenorrhea.

Amelus.

amenomania (a-me-no-ma'ni-ah) [L. amcenus, pleas- ant, + G. mania, frenzy.] Mental disorder with illusions and hallucinations of a pleasing character.

amenorrhea, amenorrhoea (a-men-6-re'ah) [G. o- priv. -i- men, month, + rhoia, flow.] Ab- sence of the menses, due to other than natural causes such as pregnancy or advancing a.ge.

amenorrhe'al, amenorrhe'ic. Relating to, accompanied by, or due to amenorrhea. am'ent. 1. A subject of amentia. 2. Amentum.

amentia (am-en'shyah) [L. madness, from ab, from, + mens, mind.] 1. A form of confusional insanity marked especially by apathy, dis- orientation, and more or les, stupor. 2. Idiocy, a. agita'ta, a form marked by a high degree of excitement with great motor unrest and incessant hallucinations, a. atton'ita, a form of passive stupor with semiconscious- ness, disorientation,mutism, immobility, and emotional indifEerence. a. paranoi'de's, a mild form in which de- lusions are present, but there is only a slight clouding of consciousness.

amen'tum [L. a thong.] In botany, a catkin.

am'enyl. Trade name of a methylhydrastimide, allied to hydrastin, employed as an emmenagogue in doses of gr. -f (0.05) twice a day.

American Carlsbad Springs, Illinois. Svilphated- saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, hepatic, renal, and urinary disorders, constipation, and eczematotis affections.

America'nus Mineral Well, Michigan. Formerly called Michigan Congress Well. Alkaline-saline- chalybeate waters, 53° F. Used in lumbago, gout, renal and urinary disorders, and acid dys- pepsia.

am'erism [G. a- priv. -I- meros, part.] The condition or quality of not dividing into parts, segments, or merozoites.

ameris'tic. Endowed with amerism, not dividing into parts or segments.

ametachromophil, ametachromophile (S-met-ah- kro'mo-fil, orfil) [G. o- priv, -I- metachromophile.] Orthochromophile.

ametaneutrophil, ametaneutrophile (a-met-ah-nu'- tro-fil, or fil) [G. o- priv. + meta, beyond, + L. neuter, neither, + G. philos, fond.] Orthoneu- trophile. ^

ame'tria [G. a- priv. + metra, uterus.] Congenital absence of the uterus.

ametrometer (a-m6-trom'e-tur) [ametropia + G. metron, measure.] An appliance for measuring the degree of ametropia.

ametropia (a-mS-tro'pJ-ah) [G. ametros, dispropor- tionate, -I- ops, sight.] A condition in which there is some error of refraction in consequence of which parallel rays, with the eye at rest, are not focussed on the retina, but either in front of it (myopia) or behind it (hyperopia).

ametro'pic. Relating to, or suffering from, ametro- pia.

amicro'bic [G. a- priv. + microbic.] Not microbic, not related to or caused by microorganisms.

amicron, amicrone (a-mi'kron). A colloid par- ticle, smaller than i^^i, smaller than half the wave length of the light by which it is illumin-

AMICRON

39

AMMONIUM

ated; it is unrecognizable even through the ultramicroscope, biit indicated only by a diffuse illumination in the track of the beam; distin- guished from microne and submicrone.

ain'ide. A substance which may be derived from ammonia through the substitution of one or more of the hydrogen atoms by acid or oxidized radicals ; the replacement of one hydrogen atom constitutes a primary, that of two hydrogen atoms a second- ary, and that of three atoms a tertiary amide.

am'idin. Any one of the unstable organic monacid bases, containing the group C.NH.NHj, in which amidogen and imidogen are joined by the same carbon atom.

amide-. A prefix denoting a compound containing the univalent atom group, NH2; more properly amino, a. acid, an acid derived from one of the fatty acids by the substitution of NH2 for H in a hydrocarbon group.

amidoben'zol. Aniline.

amidocapro'ic acid. Leucin.

amidogen (aml-do-jen) [amido- + G. gennao, I produce.] The hypothetical univalent radical NH2, replacing a hydrogen atom in an amido- compound.

amidosuccinam'ic acid. Asparagin.

amid'ulin [Fr. amidon, starch.] Soluble starch, so rendered by boiling or treating with hydrochloric acid.

amim'ia [G. a- priv. + mimos, a mimic] A form of aphasia in which the power to express one 's ideas by gestiires or signs is lost.

am'ine. A substance which may be derived from ammonia by the replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbon radicals ; the sub- stitution of one hydrogen atom constitutes a primary, that of two atoms a secondary, and that of three a tertiary amine.

amino-. A prefix denoting a compound containiiig the radical group NH,. a. -acid, an organic acid in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by NH2; it is one of the products of the hydrolysis of proteins.

ain"inoace'tic acid. GlycocoU.

amin'ofonn. Hexamethylenamina.

am"ino-oxypu'rin. Guanin.

aminopu'rin. Adenin.

amitosis (am-i-to'sis) [G. a- priv. -t- mitosis,] Di- rect division of the nucleus and cell, without the complicated changes in the former which occur in the ordinary process of cell reproduction.

amitot'ic. Relating to or marked by amitosis. Am'mon's horn [Amman, an Egyptian deity having

a ram's head.] Cbmu Ammonis, hippocampus

major. ,-

Ammon's opera'tion (ah'mon) [Priedrich August

V. Amman, German oculist, 1799-1861.] I.

Blepharoplasty by transplantation from the

cheek. 2. Dacryocystotomy. ammonemia (am-mo-ne'mK-ah). Ammoniemia. ammo'nia [Amman, an Egyptian deity, ammonia

having been obtained from camels ' dimg near his

temple in Libya.] A volatile alkaline gas NH„

very soluble in water, combining with acids to form a number of salts; see ammonium.

anuno'niac, anunoni'acum (Br.). A gum resin from a plant of western Asia, Dorema am-moniacum; stimulaM expectorant in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0); the mistura ammoniaci is a milky- looking emulsion, given in dose of Si"' (16.0-32.0). The drug is employed externally as a counterirritant in the form of the emplas- trum ammoniaci and emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro.

ammoni'acal. Relating to ammonia or to ammo- niac.

ammo'niated. Containing or combined with am- monia.

ammoniemia (am-mo-nl-e'ml-ah) [ammonia + G haima, blood.] The presence of ammonia in the blood, supposed to be due to the decomposition of lu'ea; it is marked by a subnormal tempera- tiire, weak pulse, gastroenteric sj^mptoms, and coma,

ammonio-. A prefix denoting ammoniated.

ammo"niofonnaI'dehyde. Hexamethylenamina.

ammo'nium. A group of atoms, NH4, which behaves as a univalent metal in forming ammo- niacal compounds ; it has never been obtained in a free state, ammo'nii ace'tas, a mild diaphoretic and refrigerant employed in the form of spirit of Mindererus, liquor * ammonii acetatis. ammo'nii benzo'as (U.S. and Br.), amraionium benzoate, occurs in colorless laminar crystals; stimulant, diuretic, and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). ammo'nii bro'midum (U.S. and Br.), ammonium bromide, a white crystalline hygro- scopic powder, employed as a sedative in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). ammo'nii carbo'nas (U.S. and Br.), amn:ionium carbonate, a mixture of carbon dioxide and ammonium carbamate, occurs in white masses with ammoniacal odor; cardiac and respiratory stimiilant and expecto- rant in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.12-0.3). ammo'nii chlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.), ammonium chloride, muriate of ammonia, sal ammoniac; a white crystalline powder; stimulant, expectorant, and cholagogue in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). ammo'nii hippu'ras, ammonium hippurate, said to be a solvent of luratic gravel and calculi in doses of gr. 5-10 (0 . 3-0 . 6). ammo'nii hypophos'phis (N.F.), ammonium hypophosphite, occurring as colorless hexagonal plates or granular powder of a bitter saline taste; employed as other hypo- phosphites in doses of gr. 2-4 (o . 13-0 . 26) . am- mo'nii iod'idum (U.S.), ammonium iodide, a white granular powder, very soluble in water; employed in place of potassium iodide than which it is less depressant; dose, gr. 2—5 (0. 12— 0.3). ammo'nii ni'tras, ammonium nitrate, a soluble crystalline salt, used in making nitrous oxide gas. ammo'nii phos'phas (N.F.), ammo- nium phosphate, occurs in colorless prismatic crystals; is supposed to be a solvent of uric acid, and is employed as an atitilithic and antirheu- matic in doses of gr. 10—20 (o . 6—1 . 3). ammo'nii salicyl'as (U.S.), ammonium salicylate, , white crystalline powder or colorless prisms; employed in rheumatism in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0). ammo'nii succi'nas, ammonium succinate, a crys- talline powder employed for the relief of spasmo- dic pains in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 12-0.3). ammo'- nii val'eras (U.S.), ammonium valerate or valeria- nate, ammonii valerianas (U.S., 1890), colorless, deliquescent, and effiorescent lamellar crystals; antispasmodic and "nerve tonic," in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0).

AMMONIUM-ICHTHYOL

40

AMrnitiLiAa 1 u±in.

Bnunonium-ichthyol (am-mo'ni-um-ik'the-ol). Am- monium ichthyolsulphonate, ichthyol ; a reddish brown syrupy liquid, with a bituminous odor and taste, soluble in most menstrua; employed as an alterative and antiseptic, in doses of gr. 2-10 (0.13-0.6), and locally in the treatment of skin diseases.

ammoniu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The passage of ammoniacal urine.

am'monol. An analgesic powder said to contain acetanilide, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium carbonate.

anunofher'apy [G. ammos, sand, + therapeia, treat- ment.] The therapeutic employment of sand- baths.

amne'sia [G. forgetfulness.] Loss of memory; specifically amnesic aphasia, inability to recall the name of an object or other word wanted to express an idea, an'terograde a., a. in reference to events occurring after the establishment of the present condition, au'ditory a., word-deaf- ness, lacu'nar a., a. in reference to isolated events; not a total loss of memory, re'trograde u., a. in reference to events occurring before the attack leading to the present condition, tac'tile a., astereognosis. vis'ual a., inability to recall to mind the appearance of objects which have been seen or to recognize printed words.

amne'sic. Relating to or affected with amnesia; forgetful.

amniochorial, amniochorionic (am"nI-o-ko'ri-aI, am"id-o-ko-rl-on'ik). Relating to both amnion and chorion.

ain"iiioclep'sis [G. klepto, I do secretly.] The gradual, unperceived escape of the liquor amnii.

amnio'ma. A broad flat tumor of the skin due to the antenatal adhesion of the amnion.

am'nion [G.] The inner of the membranes com- posing the sac, bag of waters, which envelops the fetus in the uterus. It consists of two layers, an inner or epiblastic, the true amnion, and an outer or mesoblastic, the false amnion. The latter, which is in contact with the chorion, either unites with that or disappears. The sac lined by the amnion contains the liquor amnii in which the fetus floats.

amnion'ic. Relating to the amnion, amniotic.

anmiorrhea, amniorrhoea (am-nl-or-re'ah) [G. rhoia, flux, flow.] The premature escape of liquor amnii.

anmio'sis. Amniotitis.

amniote (am'nl-ot). One of the higher vertebrates, the embryo or fetus of which is provided with an amnion.

anmiot'ic. Relating to the amnion, amnionic, a. flu'id, liquor amnii.

amniotitis (am"nI-o-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the amnion, sometimes associated with dropsy of the amnion.

amniotome (am'nK-o-tom) [G. amnion + tome, cutting.] An instrument for puncturing the fetal membranes.

amnitis (am-ni'(ne')tis). Amniotitis.

Amoeba, gen. and pi. Amoe'biB [G amoibe, change.] A genus of unicellular protozoan organisms of microscopic size, existing in nature in large num- bers and many living as parasites; some species are pathogenic for man. A. co'U, Enlamwba colt. A. dentaliSf Entamoeba buccalis. A. dysente'- rite, Eniamaba histolytica. A. pro'teus, a non- parasitic form, remarkable for the number and varied shapes of its pseudopodia. A. urogenlta'- lis, a non-pathogenic form occasionally found in the vaginal secretions or in the urine.

Amosbe'a [G. amoibe, change.] A subclass of Rhizopoda having lobopodia, or blunt pseudo- podia, which do not adhere on contact; the ame- bas belong to this subclass.

amoe'boid. Ameboid.

amoebula (a-me'bu-lah) [dim. of amceba.] 1. A minute ameba; specifically an ameboid swarm-spore, pseudopodiospore, a swarm-spore resembling the parent cell in all particulars except size; contrasted with flagellula. 2. Schizont.

amok' [native word.] A psychic disturbance affect- ing members of the Malay race, in which the subject becomes acutely maniacal and runs through the streets with knife drawn ("running amok"), striking blindly at any one he meets; also written amuck.

Amo'mum [G. amomon, an Indian spice plant.] A genus of herbaceous plants of the natural order Scitaminew; cardamom and grains of paradise are obtained from species of Amomum.

amoralia (a-mo-ra'U-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- L. moralis, moral.] Moral imbecility.

amoralis (a-m6-ra'lis) [G. a- priv. -I- L. moralis, moral.] A moral imbecile.*

omcr'phia, amorph'ism [G. a- priv. + morphe, form.] The condition of being amorphous or without definite shape.

amor'phous. 1. Without definite shape. 2. Not crystallized.

amor'phus An acardiac monster without limbs or other recognizable features.

amotio retinse (4-mo'shyo ret'i-ne) [L. amovere, to move from.] Detachment of the retina.

ampelop'sin. A preparation made from ampelop- sis; employed as a tonic astringent in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.12-0.25).

Ampelop'sis [G. ampelos, vine, -I- opsis, appear- ance.] A genus of climbing plants, of the natural order Vitncecs. A. quinquefolia, Vir- ginia creeper, the herbage of which has been used as a tonic expectorant in doses of 5i— i (2.0- 4 . o) of a fluidextract.

am"pelother'apy [G. ampelos, grape vine, + thera- peia, treatment.] The grape-cure.

amperage (ahm-per'aj). The strength of an elec- tric current.

ampere (ahm-per') [Andr6 Marie Ampire, French physicist, 1775-1836.] Unit of strength of an electrical current, representing a current having a force of one volt and passing through a conduc- tor with a resistance of one ohm.

Ampere's pos'tulate. Avogadro's* postulate.

amperemeter (ahm-per'me-ter) [G. metron, measure.] An apparatus for measuring the amperage of an electric current.

amphiarthro'dial. Relating to amphiarthrosis.

amphiarthro'sis [G. amphi, on both sides, -t- arthro- sis, joint.] Mixed articulation, half- joint; one in which the opposing ends of the bones, tipped with hyaline cartilage, are united by fibrous or fibro- cartilaginous material, with an incomplete joint cavity in its center, allowing of partial movement; as the articulations of the bodies of the vertebrae

amphias'ter [G. amphi, on both sides, + aster, star.] The double star, a figure formed of the chromatin of the nucleus during mitosis.

amphib'ia [G. amphibios, leading a double life.] A class of vertebrates which live both in the water and on land.

amphib'ious. Capable of living both on land and in water.

amphiblas'tula. A morula formed by unequal segmentation, as occurs in the human ovum.

AMPHIBLESTRITIS

41

AMPULLA

amphiblestritis (am-fe-bles-tri'(tre')tis) [G.amphi- blesiron, fishnet (retina), + -ids.'] Retinitis.

amphiblestrodes (ain"fi-bles-tro'dez) [G. amphi- blestroeides, net-like.] The retina.

amphibo'Ua [G. uncertainty.] A stage in the course of a disease in which the outcome appears uncertain.

amphibol'ic [G. amphibolos, doubtful.] Ambiguous, uncertain, a. fls'tula, see fistula, a. pe'riod or stage, the critical period of a disease when the outcome is uncertain.

amphib'olism. Amphibolia.

amphib'olous. Amphibolic.

amphicelous, amphicoelous (am-fl-se'Ius) [G. amphi, on both , sides, + koilos, hollow.] Biconcave, concave at each end, as the body of a vertebra of a fish.

amphicen'tric [G. amphi, on both sides, + kentron, center.] Centering at both ends, said of a rete mirabile which begins by the vessel breaking up into a number of branches and ends by the branches joining again to form the same vessel.

amphichroic (am-fl-kro'ik) [G. amphi, on both sides, + chroa, color.] Amphichromatic.

amphiclironiatic (am"fl-kro-mat'ik) [G. amphi, on both sides, + chroma, color.] Having the property of turning red litmus paper blue and blue litmus paper red, or of reacting both as an alkali and as an acid; having an amphoteric reaction.

amphicra'nia [G. amphi, on both sides, + kranion, skull.] Double hemicrania, neuralgic pain on both sides of the head.

am"phicreat'inine. A leucomaine, CgHnNjOj, formed in muscular tissue.

amphicytula (am-fi-si'tu-lah). The parent cell, or impregnated ovum, in man and other mammals, in which unequal segmentation of the vitellus occurs

amphidiarthrosis (am-fl-di"ar-thro'sis). A form (rf articulation combining amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis, as that of the mandible or lower jaw.

amphigas'trula. The mammalian ovtun iii the late gastrula stage resulting from uneven segmenta- tion of the vitellus.

amphileucemic, amphileukemic (ani-fI-lu-s'e'(or ke') mik) [G. amphi, on both sides, + leucemic] Noting a leucemic state in which the hyperleuco- cytosis corresponds in degree to the organ changes.

am"phinu'crobe [G. amphi, on both sides.] A microorganism which is either aerobic or anaer- obic according to the environment.

amphimiz'is [G. amphi, on both sides, -I- mixis, mingling.] Union of the paternal and maternal chromatin after impregnation of the ovum.

am"phinior'ula. The morula in the mammalian ovum in which the composing cells are not equal.

amphinucle'olus [G. amphi, on both sides, -t- nucle- olus.} Caryosome.

amphipyrenin (am"fl-pi'ren-in) [G. amphi, on both sides, -H pyren, the pit of a fruit.] A basophile substance forming the nuclear membrane of a cell.

Amphis'toma. Amphistomum.

Amphis'toxnum hom'inis [G. amphi, on both sides, -I- stoma, mouth; L. homo, gen. hominis, man.] . Gastrodiscus hominis

amphithe'cium [G. amphi, about, + theke, box.] In botany, the peripheral layer of cells enveloping the endothecium.

amphitrichous (am-fit'ri-kus) [G. amphi, on both sides, -I- thrix{trich-), hair.] Having a flagellum or flagella at both extremities, noting certain microorganisms.

am"phoal'bumose [G. ampho, both.] Deuteroal- bumose.

amphochromatophil, amphochromatophile (am-fo- kro-mat'o-fil, am-fo-kro-mat'o-fil). Amphophil.

amphochromophil, {unphochromophile (am-fo-kro'- mo-fil, or fil) [G. ampho, both, + chroma, color, -H philos, fond.] Amphophil.

ani"phodiplo'pia [G ampho, both, -I- diploos, double, -H dps, vision.] Double vision in each of the two eyes.

ani"phopep'tone [G. ampho, both.] The first pep- tone formed by the tryptic digestion of protein; it is identical with the peptone of gastric digestion and is further split into antipeptohe and hemi- peptone.

amphophil, amphophile (am'fo-fil, or fil) [G. ampho, both, -H philos, fond.] i. Having an affinity equally for acid and for basic dyes, noting certain cells and tissues. ^. A cell which stains readily with either acid or basic dyes, a.-bas'ophil, slightly a., but with a preponderant affinity for basic dyes, a.-ox'yphil, slightly a., but with a preponderant affinity for acid dyes.

amphophil'ic, amphoph'ilous. Amphophil (i).

amphor'ic [L. amphora, a jar.] Noting the sound made by blowing across the mouth of a bottle, a. les'onance, cavernous resonance; a hollow sound obtained by percussing over a pulmonary cavity, the pitch depending upon the size of the cavity. a. respira'tion, a blowing respiratory sound heard on ausculatation over a pxilmonary cavity. a. voice, a. whis'per, a sound having a hollow, blowing character heard on auscultation over a pulmonary cavity when the patient speaks or whispers.

amphoricity (am-for-isl-tl). A condition in which amphoric sounds are obtained on auscultation or percussion.

amphoriloquy (am-for-il'o-kwl) [L. loqui, to speak ] The presence of the amphoric voice sound.

amphoroph'ony [G. amphoreus, a jar, + phone, voice.] The amphoric voice sound.

amphoter'ic [G. amphoteroi, both.] Having two opposite characteristics; see amphichromatic. a. reac'tion, a double reaction possessed by certain fluids, such as freshly drawn milk, which turns blue litmus paper red and red litmus paper blue.

amphof'erodiplo'pia [G. amphoteroi, both, -f- diploos double, -f- dps, vision.] Amphodiplopia.

amphotiopin (am-£o-tro'pin). Trade name of hexa- methylene tetramine camphorate.

ain"plifica'tion [L. amplificare, to enlarge.] An enlargement of the visual area in microscopy or telescopy.

amplifier (am'pll-fi-er). vA concavoconvex lens between the eyepiece and objective in a micro- scope.

amplitude (am'pll-tud). Largeness, extent, a. of accommoda'tion, the total amount of accommoda- tion between that necessary for distinguishing objects near at hand and for distant vision.

ampoule (ahm-pool') [F.] Ampule (a).

ampule (am'pul) [L. ampulla, a small more or less ovoid vessel.] i. Ampulla. 2. A minute sealed flask containing usually one dose of a solution for hypodermic use; ampoule.

ampulla, gen. and pi. ampul'la [L. a flask.] A sacciilar dilatation of a canal, as is seen in the semicircular canals of the ear, or the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland, a. chyli, cistema chyli. n. duc'tus deferen'tis [BNA], ampulla of the vas deferens, the dilatation of the duct when it approaches its fellow just before it is

AMPULLA

42

AMPUTATION

joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle, a. duG'tus lacrima'lis, ampulla of the lacrymal duct- a slight dilatation in the lacrymal duct just be- yond the punctum. a. duode'ni, papilla duo- deni. a. lactif'era, a dilatation of a milk duct just below the nipple, sinus lactiferus. a. membrana'cea, membranous ampulla, a nearly spherical enlargement of one end of each of the three semicircular ducts, where they con- nect with the utricle, a. os'sea, osseous ampulla, a circumscribed dilatation of one ex- tremity of each of the three semicircular canals. u. rec'ti, a, dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal, a. tu'boe uteri'nse, the wide portion of the Fallopian tube near the fim- briated extremity. Bry'ant's a., Galen's a., Hen'le's a., Lie'berkuehn's a., Tho'ma's a., Va'ter's a., see the proper names, u^terine a., one of the dilatations of the horns of the gravid uterus in the bitch, containing the fetuses.

ampul'lar. Relating in any sense to an ampulla. a. preg'nancy, tubal pregnancy situated near the fimbriated extremity.

ampullitis (am-pul-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of any ampiilla, especially of the dilated extremity of the vas deferens.

ampullula (am-pul'u-lah) [dim. of L. ampulla.] A circumscribed dilatation of any minute lym- phatic or blood-vessel or duct.

amputa'tion [L. amputatio; ambi, around, -H putare, to prune.] I. The cutting off of a limb or part of a limb, the breast, or other projecting part. (For amputations named after the oper- ators, Chopart's, Lisfranc's, PirogofE's, etc., see the proper names and the illustrations.) 2. In dentistry, the removal of the apical portion of the root of a tooth by means of the dental bur. a. by transfix'ion, one performed by transfixing the soft parts with a long knife and

A, Racket Incision for Amputation op the Hip. B, Incision for Garden's, Gritti's, and Stokes' Amputations. The insert shows the lines of section of the femur for (i) Garden's, (2) Gritti's, and (3) Stokes' operations,

cutting the flap or flaps frofn within outward. a. in contigu'ity, disarticulation, a. through a joint, a. in continu'ity, a. through a segment of a limb, not at a joint, bloodless a., one in which, by means of an Esmarch* bandage or some other appliance, the escape of blood from the cut surfaces is slight, cen'tral a., one in which the flaps are so united that the cicatrix runs across the end of the stump. chop a., a,, by a circular cut through soft parts and bone without flaps, cinemat'ic a., one leaving a muscular stump adapted to impart

movement to an artificial limb, cir'cular a., one performed by a circular incisioi? through the skin, the muscles being similarly divided higher upi and the bone higher still, coat- sleeve a., one in which there is one long skin flap folded over the stump, congen'ital a., one produced in utero by the pressure of adven- titious constricting bands, diclas'tic a., one per- formed without the knife or saw, the bone being

Tarsal Amputations: i, Chopart's: 2, Mackenzie's.

broken and the soft tissues bitten off with an ^craseur. doub'le flap a., one in which a flap is cut from the soft parts on either side of the limb. dry a., bloodless a. ellip'tical a., a circular a. in which the sweep of the knife is not exactly vertical to the axis of the limb, the outline of the cut surface being therefore elliptical, excen'tric a., one in which the line of union of the flaps does not run across the end of the stump, flap a., one in which flaps of the muscular and cutaneous tissues are made to cover the end of the bone, inune'-

Tarsal Amputation: i-i , Lines of incisionfor Lisfranc's; 2-2, Pirogoff's; 3-3, Syme's amputation.

diate a., one necessitated by irreparable injury to the limb, which is performed within twelve hours after the injury, interme'diate a., one performed during the period of reaction from shock, and, in the older days, before the period of inevitable suppuration. interpel"viabdom'inal a.., a. of the thigh with removal of the corresponding lateral half of the pelvis; Jaboulay's operation, inter- scap"ulothorac'ic a., a. of the arm with removal of the scapula and a portion of the clavicle on the same 'side, kineplas'tic a., kinetoplas'tic a., one in which the formation of the stump is made with regard to the subsequent fitting of an artificial limb, ma'jor a., a. of the lower or upper extrem- ity above the ankle or the wrist respectively. mediotar'sal a., a. of the fore part of the foot through the tarsal region, Chopart's a. mi'nor a., a. of a hand or foot or any of its parts, mul'- tiple a., a. of two or more limbs or parts of limbs performed at the same operation, osteoplas'tic a., an a., such as several through the tarsus, in which the cut surface of another bone is brought in apposition with the one primarily divided so that the two unite, thus giving a better stump.

AMPUTATION

43

AMYLEMIA

o'val a., one in which the flaps are obtained by oval incisions through the skin and muscles. patholog'isal a., one necessitated by cancer or other disease of the limb and not by an injury. pri'mary a., intermediate a. rack'et a., a circular or slightly oval a., in which a long incision is made in the axis of the limb, rectan'gular a., one in which the flaps are fashioned in this shape, root a., removal of the apical portion of the root of a tooth, sec'ondary a., one performed some time after an injury when suppuration has set in sponta'neous a., congenital a. subastrag'alar a., a. of the foot in which only the astragalus is re- tained, Malgaigne's a. subperios'teal a., one in which the periosteum is stripped back from the bone and replaced afterward, forming a periosteal flap over the cut end. syn'chronous a., a. of two parts performed at the same time by two operators.

amuck'. Amok.

amusia (S-mu'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- mousa, music] A form of aphasia characterized by loss of the faculty of musical expression.

Amussat's opera'tion (am-u-sa') [Jean Zul6ma Amussat, French surgeon, 1796— 1856.] Lumbar colostomy in the ascending colon, for the forma- tion of an artificial anus. A.'s probe, a probe used for locating and steadying the stone in lithotrity. A.'s valves, Heister's valves.

amychophobia (S-mi-ko-fo'bl-ah) [G. amyche, a scratch, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of being scratched or of claws (as of a cat for example).

a]ny"elencepha'lia [G. a- priv. + myelos, marrow, + enhephalos, brain.] Absence of both brain and spinal cord.

amyelencephalic, amyelencephalous (a-mi"el-en-se- fal'ik, a-mi"el-en-sef'a-lus).' Without brain or spinal cord.

amyelenceph'alus. A monster without brain or spinal cord.

amyelia (am"i-el'I-ah) [G. a- priv. + myelos, mar- row.] Absence of the spinal cord.

amyelic, amyelous (am-i-el'ik, a-mi'el-us). With- out spinal cord.

amyelinic (am-i-el-ln'ik) [G. a- priv.] Without a medullary sheath or without myelin.

amyeloic (a-mi-el-o'ik). Amyelonic.

amyelonic (a-mi-S-lon'ik) [G. a- priv. -f- myelos, marrow.] i. Amyelic. 2. Without bone-mar- row. 3. Without participation of the bone- marrow, therefore purely lymphatic; a term used in hematology.

amyelotrophy (S-mi-el-ofro-fi). Myelatrophy.

amyelus (a-mi'e-lus) [G. o- priv. + myelos, marrow.] A monster without spinal cord.

amygdala (a-mig'dah-lah) [G. amygdala, almond.] I. Tonsil, a. A lobule on the under surface of the cerebellum, tonsilla cerebelli. 3. A nugget- like mass of gray matter in the anterior portion of the temporal lobe, in the roof of the apex of the medicomu, amygdaloid nucleus 4. Almond, the ripe seed of Amygdalus communis, a. accesso'- ria, lingual tonsil, tonsilla* lingualis. a. ama'ra (Br.), bitter almond, the seed of Prunus amyg- dalus, var. amara. a. cerebell'i, amygdala (2) a. dtil'cis (U.S.), sweet almond, the seed of Prunus amygdalus, var. dulcis.

amygdalectomy (a-mig-dah-lek'to-mi) [G. amyg- dale, tonsil, + ektome, excision.] Tonsillec- tomy; excision or entire removal- of a tonsil.

amygdalin (S-mig'dah-lin). A glucoside, of bitter taste, in bitter almond and in cherry-laurel leaves; the addition of emulsin to a solution of amygdalin splits the latter up into oil of bitter ahnond and hydrocyanic acid.

amygdaline (i-mig'dah-len, or lin). i. Relating to an almond. 2. Relating to a tonsil, especially to the brain structure called amygdala or amygdaloid nucleus, a. fis'sure, incisura temporalis, a fissure on the ventral aspect of the temporal lobe near its pole.

amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i'(e')tis) [G. amygdale, tonsil, + -itisi] Tonsillitis, inflammation of a tonsil.

amyg'daloid [G. amygdale, almond, + eidos, appear- ance.] Resembling an almond or a tonsil, a. nu'cleus, amygdala (3). a. tu'bercle, a projec- tion from the roof of the middle, or descending, comu of the lateral ventricle, marking the loca- tion of the a. nucleus.

amygdalolith (a.-mig'da.-lo-lith) [G. amygdale, almond (tonsil), -t- lithos, stone.] A calcareous concretion in a distended crypt of the tonsil; tonsillar calculus.

amygdalop'athy [G. amygdale, almond (tonsil), + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of a tonsil; especially adenoid vegetations.

amyg"daloph'eniii. Amygdophenin.

amygdalothrypsis (a-mig"dal-o-thrip'»is) [G. amyg- dale, tonsil, + thrypsis, a crushing.] Crushing an hypertrophied tonsil by a strong flat-bladed forceps followed by excision of the crushed por- tion.

amyg'dalotome [G. amygdale, tonsil, -f tome, a. cutting.] Tonsillotome, an instrument for cut- ting off a portion of a tonsil.

amygdalot'omy. Tonsillotomy, excision of a por- tion of a tonsil.

Amygdalus (S.-mig'da-lus) [G. amygdale, almond.] A genus of plants of the order Rosacece; the almonds, more correctly included in the genus Prunus.

amygdoph'enin. Phenetidin amygdalate; a com- pound of para-amidophenol and mandelic (amygdalic) acid; occurs in white slightly soluble crystals; recommended in neuralgia and rheu- matism in doses of gr. 7-^—15 (0.5—1.0).

amyl (am'il) [G. amylon, starch, -|- hyle, material.] A hypothetical univalent radical, CsHn, non- existent in the free state, a. al'cohol, fusel oil, CjHijO. a. chlo'ride, a colorless fluid, CjHuCl,- possessing anesthetic properties, a. hy'drate, a. alcohol, a. hy'dride, pentane. a. i'odide, io- damyl, a yellowish liquid, C5H11I, employed by inhalation in cardiac disturbances and dyspnea. a. ni'tris (Br.), am'ylis ni'tris (U.S.), amyl nitrite, CjHuNOj; a yellowish very volatile liqiiid of 80 per cent, strength; motor depressant and vaso- dilator; dose by inhalation nji-s (0.06-0.3), in- ternally or hypodermicallynji-a (0.06-0.12). a. sal'icylate, resembles methyl salicylate and is used instead of it as an application to the affected joints in rheumatism, a. val'erate, a. vale'rianate, am'ylis val'eras or valerian'as, apple oil, a volatile liquid, employed in the treatment of gallstones because of its solvent action on cholesterin; dose, gr. i-s (0.06-0.3).

amyla'ceous [L. amylum, starch.] Starchy.

amylamine (am-il-am'en) . i. A colorless liquid, C6H11NH2, obtained in various ways, found sometimes in codUver oil. 2. One of a series of amino-compounds of amyl, in which one or more atoms of H in the ammonia are replaced by a corresponding number of molecules of the amyl radical.

amylase (am'i[-laz) [G. amylon, fine meal, starch, -I- -ase.] A starch-splitting or amylolytic enzyme, which causes hydrolytic cleavage of the starch molecule.

amylemia (am-K-le'mJ-ah) [G. amylon, starch, +

AMYLEMIA

44

ANACATHARSIS

haima, blood.] The hypothetical presence of starch in the circulating blood.

amylene (am'i-len). A colorless hquid hydrocarbon, C(H,„ formed by the decomposition of amyl alcohol; it has anesthetic properties, a. chlo'ral, dormiol, dimethylethyl carbinol-chloral, an oily liquid possessing hypnotic properties in doses of 1515-30 (0.3-2.0). a. hy'drate, dimethylethyl car- binol, tertiary amyl alcohol ; a colorless pungent liquid possessing hypnotic properties in doses of njl3o-6o (2.0-4.0).

amyl'enol. Amyl salicylate.

amyl'ic. Relating to amyl. a. al'cohol, amyl alcohol,* fusel oil. a. fermenta'tion, fermentation of potato or com mash, or other starchy material, by which fusel oil is produced.

amylin (am^-lin). The cellulose of starch, the insoluble envelope of starch-grains.

am'ylis. Genitive of amyl.

Bm"ylobac'ter. A bacterial organism containing starch.

amylodez'trin. A soluble substance, coloring yel- low with iodine, formed as an intermediate product during the change of starch into sugar.

amylodyspepsia (am"i-lo-dis-pep'sI-ah). Inability to digest starchy food.

am'yloform. Trade name of a white, odorless, insoluble powder, made by adding a strong solu- tion of formaldehyde to a weak suspension of starch in water; recommended as a substitute for iodoform.

am"ylogen'ic [G. amylon, starch, -I- gennad, I produce.] Producing starch, a. bod'y, amylo- plast.

am'yloid [G- amylon, starch, + eidos, resemblance.] A glycoprotein occurring as a pathological infiltra- tion in the kidneys, liver, and other organs and as a granular deposit in serous membranes, a. degenera'tion, see under degeneration.

amyloido'sis. Generalized amyloid infiltration, a deposit of amyloid in many organs and tissues.

amylol'ysis [G. amylon, starch, + lysis, solution.] The change of starch into sugar.

ani"ylolyt'ic. Causing the conversion of starch into sugar.

am'yloplast [G. amylon, starch, + plastes, a former.] Amylogenic body, leucoplastid; a granule in the protoplasm of a vegetable cell which is the center of a starch-forming process.

amylop'sin [G. amylon, starch, -H opsis, appearance.] A diastatic enzyme, resembling ptyalin, present in the pancreatic juice; it converts starch into maltose.

amylose (am'J-loz). One of the three groups of the carbohydrates, which contains starch, dextrin, and cellulose; the other groups are glucose and sac- charose.

amylum (am'i-lum) [L.] (U.S. and Br.) Starch; in U.S. cornstarch obtained from seed of Zea mays; in Br. this or starch from wheat, Triticum sativum, or rice, Oryza saliva; a white powder used as a dusting powder or as an excipient. a. ioda'tum, iodized starch, made of starch, 95 parts, and iodine, 5 parts; employed as an alterant in doses of gr. 30—60 (2.0-4.0).

amylu'ria [G. amylon, starch, -t- ouron, urine.] The presence of starch in the urine when voided.

amyocardia (am-i-o-kar'dl-ah) [G. a- priv. -|- Tnys, muscle, -f- kardia^ heart.] Myasthenia cordis, weakness of the heart muscle.

amyostasia (am-i-o-sta'sl-ah) [G. o" priv. -I- mys, muscle, -I- stasis, standing.] Difficulty in stand- ing, due to muscular tremor or incoordination.

amyosthenia (am-i-os-the'ni-ah) [G a- priv. -I- mys.

muscle, + sthenos, strength.] Muscular weak- ness, myasthenia.

amyosthen'ic. Relating to or causing muscular weakness.

amyotaxia (am-i-o-tak'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. + mys- {myo-), muscle, -I- taxis, order.] Muscular ataxia.

amyotonia (am-i-o-to'ni-ah) [G. a- priv. 4- mys- (myo-), muscle, + tonos, tone.] Myatonia, a lack of muscular tone. a. congen'ita, myatonia con- genita, Oppenheim's disease, congenital atonic pseudoparalysis, a form of muscular dystrophy of congenital origin, but neither familial nor hered- itary.

amyotrophic (am-i-o-trof'ik). Relating to muscu- lar atrophy, a. lat'eral sclero'sis, a form of pro- gressive muscular atrophy with increased reflexes and spastic irritability of the muscles, due to sclerosis of the lateral columns of the spinal cord.

amyotrophy (am-i-ot'ro-fl) [G. a- priv. + mys(myo-), muscle, 4- trophe, nourishment.] Musciilar wast- ing or atrophy, progres'sive spi'nal a., progres- sive muscular atrophy.*

amyous (am'i-us) [G. o- priv. + mys(m-yo-), muscle.] Lacking in muscular tissue, or in muscular strength.

amyxorrhea, amyzorrhoea (il-mik-sor-re'ah) [G. a- priv. -t- myxa, mucus, -f- rhoia, flow.] Ab- sence of the normal secretion of mucus,

ana. A distributive Greek preposition, meaning of each; used in prescription writing,^ usually in the abbreviated form aa, or more correctly aa.

anab'asis [G. a going up.] The stage of increase in a disease.

anabat'ic. Relating to the anabasis of a disease; increasing in severity.

anabio'sis [G. ana, again, + biosis, life.] Resus- citation after apparent death.

anabiot'ic. i. Resuscitating, restorative. 2. Are- vivifying remedy, a powerful stimulant.

anabol'ergy [G. anaboli, a building up, + ergon, work.] The amount of energy consumed in the process of anabolism.

anabol'ic. Relating to or promoting anabolism, or constructive metabolism.

anab'olin. Any substance formed as a result of the anabolic processes.

anabolism (an-ab'o-lizm) [G. anabole, a raising up.] Constructive metabolism; the process of assimilation of nutritive matter and its conversion into living substance.

anacamp'tic. In optics or acoustics, reflecting or reflected.

anacamp'tics [G. anakampto, I bend back.] The study of reflection of sound or light.

anacamptom'eter [G. anakampsis, reflection, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the intensity, or lack of it, of the deep reflexes.

Anacar'dium [G. ana, according to, + kardia, heart, noting the heart shape of the fruit.] A genus of shrubs and trees growing in tropical America, of the natural order Anacardiacea. A. occidenta'le, the cashew-tree, furnishes the so-called cashew- nut, the kernel of the drupe of the fruit.

anacatadidymus (an"ah-kat"ah-did'i-mus) [G. ana, up, + kaia, down, -I- didymos, twin.] A double monster united in the middle but separated above and below.

anacatesthesia (an"ah-kat"es-the'zl-ah) [G. ana, up, + kata, down, -1- aisthesis, sensation.] A hovering sensation.

anacatharsis (an"ah-ka-thar'sis) [G. ana, up, -I- katharsis, cleansing.] Severe and long-continued vomiting.

ANACATHARTIC

45

ANAMIRTIN

anacatbar'tic. Causing anacatharsis ; emetic. anacidity (an"a-sid'i-tl) [G. an- priy.] Absence o£ acidity, noting especially absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

anaclasim'eter [G. anaklasis, reflection, + metron, measvire.] An instrument for measuring the refraction of the media of the eye.

anac'lasis [G. bending back, reflection.] i. Reflec- tion of light or sound. 2. Refraction of the ocular media. 3. Forcible flexion of a joint to break up the adhesions in fibrous ankylosis.

anacrot'ic. Anadicrotic.

anac'rotism. Anadicrotism.

anacu'sis [G. an- priv. + akousis, hearing.] Total deafness.

anade'nia [G. an- priv. + aden, gland.] Absence of glands, or abeyance of glandular function.

anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'ik) [G. ana, up, + dikrotos, double beating.] Noting a. sphygmographic tracing in which two beats are marked on the ascending line.

anadic'rotism. The condition marked by a double beat on the ascending line of the sphygmographic tracing.

anadidymus (an-ah-did'i-mus) [G. ana, up, + didy- mos, twin.] A double monster, united below but separated above.

anatUp'sia [G- ana, intensive, + dipsa, thirst.] Ex- treme thirst.

anae'mia [an- priv. -t- haima, blood.] Anemia.

anae'mic. Anemic.

anaerobe (an-a'er-ob) [G. an- priv. + aer, air, + bios, way of living.] A microorganism which thrives best or only when deprived of oxygen.

anaerobian (an-a-er-oTDi-an). i. Thriving with- out air or oxygen, having the characteristics of an anaerobe. 2. An anaerobe.

anaerobic (an-a-er-o'bik). Relating to an anaerobe, anaerobian.

anaerobion, pi. anaerobia (an-a-er-o'bl-on) . Anae- robe.

anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o'sis) Existence in an oxygen-free atmosphere.

anaerobious (an-a-er-o'bl-us). Anaerobic, living without oxygen.

anaerophyte (an-a'er-o-fit) [G. an- priv. -t- aer, air, + phyton, plant.] i. A plant which grows without air. 2. An anaerobic bacterium.

anaeroplasty (an-a'er-o-plas-tl) [G. an- priv. -I- aer, air, + plasso, I form.] Treatment of wounds by exclusion of air.

ansesthe'sia [G. an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of the tactile or other sense ; see anesthesia.

anaes'thesin. Anesthesin.

anaesthet'ic. Anesthetic.

anagen'esis [G. ana, up, + genesis, production.] Repair of tissue ; reconstruction of lost parts.

anagnosasthenia (an"ag-no-sas-the'nI-ah) [G. anag- nosis, reading, -f astheneia, weakness.] A form of neurasthenia in which the attempt to read causes distressing symptoms.

an'agraph [G. anagraphs, a writing out.] Prescrip- tion.

anagyrine (an-aj'i-ren). An alkaloid from Anagy- ris fcetida, a leguminous shrub of the Mediter- ranean region, having properties somewhat similar to scoparius. a. hydrobro'mide, occurs as yellowish soluble crystals; has been used as a heart tonic.

anakre (an-ah-kra') [native term on the French Ivory Coast in Africa, meaning " big nose."] Goundou.

a'nal. Relating to the anus. a. canal', (i) pars analis recti [BNA], the terminal portion of the rectum passing through the pelvic floor, extending

from the upper level of the levatores ani muscles to the anal orifice; (2) a temporary opening in the primitive anus. a. re'flez, contraction of the internal sphincter gripping the finger passed into the rectum.

analep'tic [G. analeptikos, restorative.] i. Strengthening, invigorating, a. A restorative remedy.

analep'tol. Trade name of a tonic composed of cinchona, coca, nux vomica, and phosphorus.

analgen, (an-al'jen) [G. an- priv. + algos, pain.) Orthoethoxy - anamonobenzoyl-amidoquinoline, labordin, quinalgen; colorless, tasteless, crystal- line powder, insoluble in water; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5—1.0).

analgesia (an-al-je'zl-ah) [G. an- priv. + algos, pain. ] Loss of sensibility to pain. a. al'gera, spon- taneous pain in a part, associated with loss of response to a painful stimiilus. a. doloro'sa, a. algera.

analge'sic. Analgetic.

anal'gesin. Antipyrina.

analget'ic. Analgesic. 1. Causing analgesia or freedom from pain. 2. A pain-stilling remedy.

anal'gia [G. an- priv. + algos, pain.] Freedom from pain.

anal'gic. Without pain.

anallergic (an-al-lur'jik). Not allergic, not pro- ducing super-sensitiveness or anaphylaxis; noting a serum possessing this negative quality. "

analogue (an'i-log) [G. analogos, conformable.] One of two organs or parts in different species of animals or plants which differ more or less in structure or development but are more or less similar in function.

analysis, pi. anal'yses (an-al'i-sis) [G. a, releasing, dissolving.] The decomposition or breaking up of a chemical compound into its simpler elements; a process by which the natiure of a substance, is recognized and its chemical composition deter- mined, colorimet'ric a., determination of structure by means of chromatic reactions, densimet'ric a., estimation of the amount of solids in a solution by the specific gravity, gravimefric a., quantita- tive a. by weighing separately each constituent, as such or in the form of a compound of known gravimetric constitution, prox'imate a., the resolution of a substance into its secondary princi- ples, as of a salt into the acid and the base which form it; opposed to ultimate a. qual'itative a., the determination of the nature of the elements enter- ing into the composition of any substance, quan'- titatiye a., the determination of the amount, as well as the nature, of each of the elements com- posing a substance, spec'trum a., determination of the components of a gas by means of the spec- troscope, ul'timate a., the resolution of a sub- stance into the various elements composing it; opposed to proximate a. volumet'ric a., quantita- tive a. by the addition of graduated amounts of a standard test solution to a solution of a known weight of the substance analyzed, until the reac- tion is just at an end.

an'alyst. One who is skilled in making analyses.

analyt'ic. 1. Relating to analysis in any sense. 2. Noting a language in which there are few inflections, prepositions and auxiliary words being employed in the conjugations and declensions

an'alyze. To make an analysis.

an'alyzer. i.One who analyzes, analyst. 2. The prism in a polariscope by means of which the polarized light is examined.

anamirtin (an-S-mur'tin). A glucoside from Ana- mirta cocculus, or Cocculus indicus.

ANAMNESIS

46

ANASTOMOSE

anamne'sis [G. anamrtesis, recollection.] 1. The act of remembering. 2. The medical history of a patient previous to his present illness.

ananmes'tic. i Relating to the anamnesis or previous medical history of a patient. ■^. Assist- ing the memory.

anamnion'ic. Without an amnion, anamniotic.

anamniot'ic , Without an amnion, anamnionic.

ananaphylaxis (an-an-ah-fi-lak'sis) [G. an- priv.] Antianaphylaxis.

anan'dria [G. an- priv. + aner(cmdr-), man.] Absence of masculinity,

anan"giopla'sia [G. an- priv. + angeion, vessel, + plasso, I form.] Imperfect vascularization of a part from non-formation of the ve^els.

anangioplasic (an-an-jl-o-pla'sik). Relating to, characterized by, or due to defective development of the general vascular system, a. infan'tilism, see infantilism.

anan'gioplasm [G. an- priv. 4- angeion, vessel, -f- plasma, something formed.] Defective vascular development.

anapexiatic (an"ah-pi-rat'ik) [G. anapeiraomai, I try again.] Resulting from overuse, noting certain occupation neuroses.

anaphalanti'asis [G. ana, up, + phalantias, a, bald man.] Loss of the eyebrows.

anaphase (an'ah-faz) [G. ana, up, + phasis, from phaino, I appear.] The constructive stage in mitosis, during which the halves of the divided chromosomes pass toward the poles of the spindle and beconie united into spiremes, building up the daughter nuclei.

anaph'ia [G. o«- priv. + haphe, touch.] Absence of the sense of touch.

anaphor'ia [G. ana, up, + phoros, bearing.] Anatropia, a tendency of the eyes, when in a state of rest, to turn upward.

anaphrodisia (an-af"ro-diz'I-ah) [G. insensibility to love, from an- priv. + Aphrodite, the goddess of love.] Absence of sexual feeling.

anaphrodisiac (an-af'ro-dizlt-ak). i. Relating to anaphrodisia or absence of sexual feeling. 2. Repressing or destroying sexual desire. 3. 'An agent which lessens or abolishes sexual desire.

anaphylactic (an"ah-fi-lak'tik) Relating to ana- phylaxis; increasing the susceptibility to an infection.

anaphylac'tin. The sensitizing substance which is believed to cause hypersusceptibility after the injection of a minute dose of a foreign protein; - probably a haptin.

anaphylactogenic (an"a-fi-lak-to-jen'ik) [G. gennao, I produce.] Producing anaphylaxis, noting sub- stances with which the anaphylactic reaction is obtainable.

anaphylatozin (an-S-fi-13,-toks'in). The cause of the toxic symptoms in anaphylaxis, believed to be a compound of anaphylactin and the newly intro- duced protein.

anaphylaxis (an-ah-fi-lak'sis) [G. ana, privative, -1- phylaxis, protection.] Increased susceptibility to an infection or to the action of any foreign pro- tein introduced into the body, following a primary infection; the opposite of immunity, pas'sive a., a. produced in normal animals by the injection of blood or serum from an already sensitized animal.

anaphy"lotox'in. Anaphylatoxin.

anaplasia (an-ah-pla'si-ah) [G. ana, again, -I- plasis, a moulding.] A reversion, in the case of a cell, to a more primitive, embryonic type, i.e. to one in which reproductive activity is marked. A term used by Hansemann to denote the alteration in cell character which constitutes malignancy.

anap'lasis [G. ana, up, -I- plasis, a moulding.] Haeckel's term for the stage of growth or pro- gressive evolution of the individual.

Anaplasma (an-ah-plaz'mah) [G. a formed object.] A small coccoid protozoan body observed in the red blood cells of cattle, causing a disease resem- bling red- water; some regard the bodies not as entities but degenerative areas in the cells. A. centra'le, a form occupying the center of the corpuscle. A. margina'le, a name given to the organism when arranged near the margin of the red cell.

anaplas'tic. Relating to anaplasty or the operative restoration of lost parts.

an'aplasty [G. ana, again, + plasso, I form.] Plastic surgery; the surgical restoration of lost or defective parts by transplantation of tissue.

anaplero'sis [G. anaplero, I fill up.] The form of plastic surgery which consists in the transplan- tation of tissue to fill a defect resulting from injury or disease.

anaplerot'ic. Relating to anaplerosia; filling a defect.

anapnea, anapnoea (an-ap-ne'ah) [G. anapnoia.] i. Respiration. :<. Recovery of breath.

anapne'ic. Relating to anapnea: (i) respiratory; (2) relieving dyspnea or reestablishing respira- tion.

anap'nograph [G. anapnoe, respiration, + grapho, I record.] An apparatus for recording the rate and force of the respiratory movements,

anapno'ic. Anapneic.

anapnom'eter [G. anapnoe, respiration, -H metron, measure.] Spirometer ; an instrument for meas- uring the force of the respiratory movements.

anapophysis (an-S-pofi-sis) [G. ana back, -H apophy- sis, offshoot.] An accessory spinal process of a vertebra, found especially in the thoracic or lumbar vertebra.

anap'tic [G. an- priv. -f- hapto, I touch.] Relating to anaphia, or loss of the tactile sense.

anar'cotine [G. a- priv.] Name proposed for narco- tine, an alkaloid of opium, which is misnamed, having no narcotic properties.

anarithmla (an-ah-ridh'ml-ah) [G. an- priv. + arithmos, numeration.] A form of aphasia in which there is inability to count or employ numbers.

anar'thria [G. an- priv. -I- arthron, articulation.] The loss of power of articulate speech.

anasar'ca [G. ana, through, -f- sarx(sark-), flesh.] Hyposarca, a general infiltration of clear watery fluid into the subcutaneous connective tissue.

anasar'cin. Trade name of a remedy reconunended as a heart tonic and diuretic; it is said to contain scillipicrin, scillitoxin, oxydendron, and sam- bucus.

anasar'cous. Dropsical ; marked by anasarca.

anaspa'dia, anaspa'dias [G. ana, on, -I- spad, I tear, draw in.] Epispadia.

anastalsis (an-ah-stal'sis) [G. ana, throughout, up, -1- stalsis, constriction.] i. Astriction, styptic ac- tion. 2. Antiperistalsis.

anastal'tic [G. anastaltikos, capable of checking.] J.. Astringent. 2. An astringent or styptic remedy. 3. Antiperistaltic.

anastate (an'as-tat) [G. anastdtos, made to rise.] Any product of anabolism.

an"astigmat'ic [G. an-, priv.] Not astigmatic.

anas'tole [G. anastole, the laying bare of a wound.] Gaping of a wound.

anastomose (an-as"to-mOz') [G. anaslomoo, I furnish with a mouth.] i. To open one iiito the other directly or by connecting channels, said of

ANASTOMOSE

47

AN GONITIS

blood-vessels and lymphatics, and also of nerves

2. To unite by means of an anastomosis; to form an anastomosis.

anastomo'sis [G, anastomosis, from aTtasiomoo, I firmish with a mouth.] i. A natural communica- tion, direct or indirect, between two blood-vessels or other tubular structures; also by extension, a passage of nerve-fibers from one nerve to another.

3. An operative union of two hollow or tubiilar structures, as the divided ends of the intestine after a resection, or of the blood-vessels of two individuals, as in direct transfusion of blood. cru'cial a., an a. between branches of the per- forans prima, glutaea inferior, circumflexa femoris lateralis, and circumflexa femoris medialis. intes'tlnal a., enterostomy, precap'illaiy a., an a. between minute arteries just before they become capillaries, stir'rup a., communicating branch from the dorsalis pedis to the external plantar artery, completing the plantar arch, ter'mino- ter'minal a., an operation by which the central end of an artery is connected with the peripheral end of the corresponding vein, and the peripheral end of the artery with the central end of the vein.

anastomot'ic. Relating to or marked by anasto- mosis.

anastomot'ica mag'na. Great anastomotic artery. I. Arteria genu suprema. 2. Arteria coUateralis ulnaris inferior.

anatherapeusis (au-ah-ther"ah-pu'sis) [G. ana, up.] Therapeusis by steadily increasing doses.

anatom'ical. i. Relating to anatomy. 2. Struc- tural, not functional.

anatomicophysiological (an-S-tom'^-ko-fiz-J-o-Ioj'!- kal). Relating to both structure and function.

anat'omize. To dissect.

anat'omy [G. anaiome, dissection, from ana, up, tome, a cutting.] i. The structure of an organ- ism, morphology, u. The science of the morph- ology or structure of organisms. 3. Dissection.

4. A work describing the form and structure of an organism and of its various parts, applied' a., anatomical knowledge utilized in the diagnosis of disease and in treatment, especially surgical treatment, artifi'cial a., the manufacture of models of anatomical structures, or the study of a. from such models, clas'tic a., the manufacture of models in layers which can be removed one after the other to show the structure of the deeper parts ; also the study of a. by means of such models, compar'ative a., (i) anatomy of the lower animals; (2) the comparative study of the human body with those of other animals and observation of analogous and homologous parts. descrip'tive a., a description of, especially a treatise describing, physical structure, more par- ticularly that of man. gen'eral a., the study espe- cially of the structure, gross and minute, of the body, gross a., general a., so far as it can be studied without the use of the microscope. med'ical a., anatomy in its bearing upon the diag- nosis and treatment of internal (non-surgical) dis- orders, minute' a., the study of the intimate structure of the tissues invisible to the naked eye; histological or microscopical a. mor'bid a., pathological a. patholog'ical a., the a. of diseased or otherwise abnormal structures or parts, phll- osoph'ical a., morphology, physiolog'ical a., a. studied in its relation to function, plas'tic a., clastic a. prac'tical a., a. studied by means of dissection, re'gional a., a. of certain related parts or divisions of the body, spe'cial a., the a. of certain definite organs or groups of organs con- cerned in the performance of special functions; I

descriptive a. dealing with the separate systems. sur'gical a., applied a. in reference to surgical diagnosis and treatment, topograph'ical a., regional a. transcenden'tal a., the theories and deductions based upon the morphology of the organs and individual parts of the body.

anatox'ic. v. Behring's term for the pathogenic action of a substance which is observed only after its repeated introduction into the body, this phenomenon being called anaphylaxis.

anatricrotic (an-ah-tri-krot'ik). Characterized by anatricrotism; noting a sphygmographic tracing with three separate notches on the ascending or systolic line.

anatricrotism (an-ah-trik'r6-tizm) . The condi- tion of the pulse or heart beat manifesting itself by three notches on the ascending or systolic wave of the sphygmographic tracing.

anatrip'sis [G. a rubbing.] The therapeutic em- ployment of friction, with or without at the same time the application of a medican:xent.

anatrip'tic [G. anatriptos, rubbed up.] A remedy to be applied by friction or inunction.

anatroph'ic [G. ana, up, + trophe, nourishment.] I. Nourishing. 2. [G. o«- priv. + atrophia.} Pre- venting or curing atrophy.

anatro'pia [G. ana, up, -I- trope, a turning.] Ana- phoria, a tendency of the eyeballs to turn upward.

anat'ropous [G> ana, up, -f iropos, a turning.] Inverted; in botany, noting an ovule in which the micropyle is turned toward the placenta and the funiculus is attached to the other ex- tremity.

anax'on, anax'one [G. an- priv. + axon, axis.] Having no neuraxon, noting certain nerve cells in the retina, described by Ramdn y Cajal.

anazotuiia (an-az"o-tu'r![-ah) [G. an- priv. -f azo- turia."] The absence of urea or other nitrogenous compounds from the urine.

AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal, or positive-pole, closure contraction.

anchorage (ang'kor-ej). i. The operative fixation of a loose or prolapsed abdominal or pelvic organ, z . The part to which anything is fastened ; specifi- cally, in dentistry, a tooth to which a bridge is fastened, the root to which a crown is fastened, or one of the points serving to fix a filling,

Anchusa (an-ku'sah) [G. anchousa, alkanet.] A genus of plants of the natural order Boraginacete. A. tincto'ria, Alhanna tinctoria, the source of alkanet, a red dye.

anchusin (an'ku-sin). Alkanin, red coloring matter from the root of Anchusa, or Alkarma, tinctoria. a. pa'per, alkanin* paper.

anchylo'sis. Incorrect form of ankylosis.

Anchylos'toma. Incorrect form of Ancylostoma.

ancip'ital, ancip'itate, ancip'itous [L. anceps, two- headed.] Two-headed; two-edged.

Ancis'trodon [G. ankistron, fishhook, -f- odous, tooth.] A genus of serpents, including the copperhead, A . contor'trix, and the water mocca- sin, A. pisciv'orus.

anconad (ang'ko-nad) [G. anhon, elbow, -1- L. ad, to.] Toward the elbow.

anconagra (ang-ko-nag'rah) [G. ankon, elbow, + agra, a seizure.] Gout in the elbow.

anconal, anconeal (ang'ko-nal, ang-ko'ne-al). Re- lating to the elbow, a. fossa, fossa olecrani.

anco'neus [G. ankon, elbow.] A short muscle with origin from the external condyle of the humerus and insertion into the olecranon and the upper fourth of the shaft of the ulna.

anconltls (ang-ko-m'(ne')tis) [G. ankon, elbow, -h

ANCONITIS

48

ANEMIA, AN.EMIA

-iiis.] Inflammation of the elbow-joint, olecran- arthritis, olecranarthrocace, olecranarthropathy.

ancylo'sis. Ankylosis.

Ancylostoma (an-si-los'to-mah) . The old-world hookworm, uncinaria.* (See Agchylostoma.)

ancylostomiasis (an-si-los-to-mi'a-sis) . Uncina- riasis, * hookworm disease, dochmiasis, Egyptian chlorosis, tunnel anemia, miner's anemia.

an'cyroid [G. ankyra, anchor, + eidos, resemblance.] Ankyroid, shaped like the fluke of an anchor, not- ing the comua of the lateral ventricles of the brain and the coracoid process of the scapula.

Andernach's oss'icles (ahn'der-nahkh) [Johann Winther V. Andernach, German physician, 1478- 1574.] Wormian bones.

An'ders' disease' [James M. Anders, Philadelphia physician, *i8s4.] Adiposis tuberosa simplex.

An'dersch's gan'glion (Carl Daniel Andersch, German anatomist, 1732-1777.] Ganglion petrosum. A.'s nerve, Nervus tympanicus.

An'derson Mineral Springs, California. Cold Sulphur Spring, saline-stilpho-carbonated waters. Iron Spring. Sour Spring, sulphated-saline-acid waters, 64.3° F. Hot Sulphurous Springs, 145.3° P- Nine principal springs. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and intestinal disorders, glandular congestions, cutaneous dis- eases of tuberculous and syphilitic origin, uterine and ovarian congestion, anemia, chlorosis, dyspepsia, hemorrhages from the lungs, rheu- matism, and chronic joint swellings.

An'derson's Scots pill [Patrick Anderson, Scotch physician, 17th century.) A pill variously stated to be the same as pill of aloes and myrrh, a pill of aloes and jalap, and a compound of aloes and gamboge with oil of anise.

andi'ra [West Indian native name.] Worm-bark, cabbage-tree, the bark of Andira inermis, a leguminous tree of tropical America; emetic, purgative, and anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0).

Andral's' decu'bitus [Gabriel Andral, French physi- cian, 1 797-1876.] Position assumed by the patient who lies on the sound side in cases of beginning pleurisy.

andrecium, androecium (an-dre'sl-um) [G. aner (andr) , man, + oikion, house.] All the stamens, or male organs, of a flower, considered collectively

androgenous (an-droj'en-us) [G. andr, a man, -f gennao, I bear.] Giving birth to males.

androg'raphis. (B.A.) Creyat, kiryat, the dried plant Andrographis paniculata, of the order Acanthacea; a stomachic bitter tonic, employed in infusion, concentrated solution, and tincture.

androgyne (an'dro-jin). Androgynus, hermaph- rodite.

cndrogynoid (an-droj'i-noyd) [G. aner(andr-), man, + gyne, woman, + eidos, resemblance.] A man with hermaphroditic sexual characteristics who is mistaken for a woman.

androgynos (an-droj'i-nos). Androgynus.

androgynous (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, + gyne, a woman.] i. Hermaphroditic. 2. Hav- ing the characteristics, physical or mental, of both sexes.

androgynus (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, -I- gyne, a woman.] An hermaphrodite.

androgyny (an-droj'i-ni) [G. aner, a man, -I- gynl, a woman.] Hermaphroditism.

androl'ogy [G. aner{andr-), a man, -I- -logia.] The branch of medicine which treats of the man and of the diseases peculiar to the male sex.

androma'nia [G. aner(andr-), a man, + mania, frenzy.] Xymphomania.

Androm'eda. A genus of plants of the natural order Ericacece, several- species of which contain a nar- cotic poison.

andropho'bia [G. aner {andr-), a man, -I- phobos, fear.] Insane fear of men, or of the male sex.

an"dropho"noma'nia [G. aneriandr-), man, -I- phonos, murder, + mania, frenzy.] Homicidal mania.

AnDTe. Abbreviation indicating a tetanic con- traction occurring on application of the anode or positive pole while the circmt is closed; anodal duration tetanus.

anec'tasin [G. an- priv. -I- ektasis, dilatation.] A bacterial product which causes vasoconstriction.

Anel's method (an-el') [Dominique An^l, French surgeon, 1679-1730.] Ligation of an artery immediately above (on the proximal side of) an aneurysm; see cut under aneurysm. A.'s probe, a probe for the punctum lacrimale and nasal duct. A.'s syr'inge, a sjringe with very fine nozzle for use in injection into the nasal duct.

anelec'trode. Anode.

anelectroton'ic. Relating to anelectrotonus.

anelectrot'onua [anelectrode + G. tonos, tension.] The lessened irritability and conductivity of a nerve in the neighborhood of the anode, during the passage of an electric current through it.

ane'matize. To render anemic.

anemato'sis, anaemato'sis. i. General anemia. 2. Pernicious anemia.

ane'mia, anse'mia [G. an- priv. + haima, blood.] A condition in which the blood is reduced in amoimt (oligemia) or is deficient in red blood-cells {oligo- cythemia) or in hemoglobin {oligochromemia), manifested clinically by pallor, shortness of breath, and palpitation, acute' a., temporary a. due to a copious hemorrhage, a. ijofan'tum pseudoleucse'mica, pseudoleucemia in infants. a. lymphat'ica, Hodgkin's* disease, aplas'tic a., a form in which the formative processes of the bone marrow are in abeyance, chlorot'ic a,. chloranemia. cytogen'ic a., primary a. essen'- tial a., primary a. false a., pseudoanemia. gen'- eral a., a. affecting the entire volume of blood as distinguished from a deficiency in the local supply of a part, glob'ular a., oligocythemia. ground-itch a., hookworm disease, uncinariasis. hemorrhag'ic a., a. due directly to loss of blood. idiopath'ic a., primary or ossential a. infec'- tious a., swamp-fever, intertropical a., Egyp- tian chlorosis, uncinariasis, ancylostomiasis, hookworm disease. lo'cal a., a condition of diminished supply of blood to a part. lymphat'- ic a., Hodgkin's a. malig'nant a., pernicious a. metaplas'tic a., pernicious a., in which the formed elements in the blood are changed. mi'ners' a., ancylostomiasis. neg'ative «., a. marked by the presence of erythroblasts, but without reduction in the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter, pemic'ious a., a form of progressive, usually tatad, a., of infectious or autotoxic origin; it is characterized by a very marked diminution in the number of red cor- puscles and the presence of a large number of meg- aloblasts; the prominent symptoms are languor, breathlessness on slight exertion, muscular weak- ness, f aintness, extreme pallor of skin and mucous membranes, anorexia, diarrhea, and frequently hemorrhages either into the skin (patechia) or from the mucous membranes, po'lar a., a. some- times affecting natives of temperate climes winter- ing in the arctic regions, pri'mtiry a., essential a., cytogenic a., a. occurring apparently as an inde- pendent disease, due to a disturbance in function of the blood-making organs, progress'ive perni'-

ANEMIA, AN^.MIA

49

ANESTHESIMETER

Clous a., pernicious a. sec'ondaiy a., a. occurring as a consequence of loss of blood, inanition, chronic poisoning, autointoxication, or some local or general disease, sla'ty a., a grayish pallor of the face in acetanilid poisoning and in argyria. spas'tic a., local anemia due to contraction of the blood-vessels of the part, splen'ic a., splenic pseudoleucemia, a disease characterized by en- largement of the spleen, with moderate anemia and reduced percentage of hemoglobin, symptomatic a., secondary a. tiaiunat'lc a., hemorrhagic a. tiophoneuTOt'ic a., a. induced by a profound nervous shock, tunnel a., ancylostomiasis.

anemic, ansemic (an-e'mik or an-em'ik). Relating to, caused by, or suffering from anemia.

Anemone (an-em'o-ne) [G. anemotie, the wind- flower, from anemos, wind.] A genus of her-

', baceous plants of the natural order Ranunculaceee a. cam,'phor, ptilsatilla camphor, aneinonin.* A. piilsatill'a, see Pulsatilla.

anem'onin. Pulsatilla camphor, a white crystalline principle obtained from Anemone Pulsatilla; employed in orchitis and epididymitis, asthma, whooping cough, and bronchitis, in doses of gr. ^ip-lV (o.ooi-o.oos).

anem'onol. A volatile oil, possessing markedly toxic properties, obtained from plants of the genus Anemone.

anemop'athy [G. anemos, wind, -I- pathos, suffering.] I. A disease caused by high winds. Aerotherapy,

anemoph'ilous [G. anemos, wind, + philos, fond,] In botany, noting flowers which are pollinated by the agency of wind.

anemophobia (an-em-o-fo'bl-ah) [jG. anemos, wind, phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of draughts or of winds.

anemot'rophy, ansemot'rophy [G. atp- priv. + haima, blood, -I- trophe, nourishment.] Atrophy of the blood, anemia from deficient formation of blood.

anempiria (an-em-pir'i-ah) [G. an- privative, -H empeiria, experience.] Lack of knowledge or skill acquired through experience.

anencephale'mia, anencephalse'mia [G. an- priv. -I- enkephalos, brain, -I- haima, blood.] Cerebral anemia.

snencepha'lia [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] Anencephaly, absence of the brain

anencephal'ic. Relating to anencephalia, without brain.

anencephalohe'mia, anencephaloh^e'mia. Anenceph- alemia.

anenceph'alous. Anencephalic.

anenceph'alus [G. an- priv. + enkephalos, brain.] A monster without a brain.

anenceph'aly [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] Absence of the brain, or of all but the basal ganglia and cerebellum.

anen'terous [G. an- priv. -I- entera, intestines.] Hav- ing no intestine, noting certain parasites.

anep'ia [G. an- priv. + epos, word.] Aphasia.

anepithymia (an-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [G. an- priv -I- epithymia, desire.] Absence of appetite or desire.

anergasia (an-tir-ga'sl-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ergasia, work.] Absence of functional activity-

anergic (an-ur'jik) [G. an- priv. + ergon, work.] i. Lethargic; marked by total absence of energy or extreme inactivity. 2. Relating to, or marked by, anergy.

anergy (an'ur-jl) [G. an- priv. -I- (en)ergeia, from ergon, work.] Antianaphylaxis.

an'eroid [G. a- priv. + neros, wet, + eidos, form.] Without fluid, noting a form of barometer, with- out mercury, in which the varying air-pressure is indicated by the movement of a metallic disc occluding a chamber exhausted of air.

anerythrocyte (an-er'I-thro-sit) [G. an- priv. + erythros, red, + kytos, cell.] Lympherythrocyte, a non-nucleated red cell without hemoglobin.

anerythroplasia (an-er"I-thro-pla'zi-ah) [G. an- priv. + erythro(cyie) + G. plasis, a moulding.] A condition in which there is no formation of red blood cells.

aneiythroplastic (an-er"i-thro-plas'tik). Anery- throregenerative, marked by anerythroplasia.

anerythropsia (an-er-i-throp'si-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- erythros, red, + apsis, vision. ] Red-blindness, inability to distinguish the color red.

anerythroregenerative (an-er"i-thro-re-3en'er-a- tiv). Anerythroplastic, noting a condition in which regeneration of red blood cells does not take place.

an'esin, an'eson. Trade name of a solution of chloretone.

anesthecinesia, ansesthecinesia (an"es-the"sin-e's>- ah) [G. an- priv. -h aisthesis, sensation, -f- kinesis, movement.] Combined sensory and motor pa- ralysis.

anesthekrne'sia, ansesthekine'sia. Anesthecinesia.

anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of sensation, especially of tactile sensibility, a. doloro'sa, painful a., spontaneous pain in a part in which there is a loss of tactile sensation, crossed a., a. of one side of the body due to a lesion on the other side of the brain, elec'tric a., general anesthesia induced by the passage through the brain of a Leduc* current, gaunt'let a., loss of sensation in the hand, extending from the tips of the fingers to the wrist, gen'eral a., inhalation a., surgi- cal a., insensibility induced by the inhalation of chloroform or other anesthetic, induced' a., temporary a. produced by drugs or other means. infiltra'tion a., local a. induced by the injection of water or of a weak cocaine solution, Schleich's a. insuffla'tion a., insufflation narcosis, a. by insuf- flating a mixture of compressed air and ether into the trachea through a slender tube passed between the vocal cords, lo'cal a., a. of a lim- ited area induced by freezing, the injection of cocaine or similar substance, or other means. mixed a., general a. produced by more than one drug, as that produced primarily by nitrous oxide gas and continued by ether or chloroform. morphine-sco'polamine a., general anesthesia, without unconsciousness, induced by the injec- tion of a mixture of morphine and scopolamine. mus'cular a., loss of the muscle sense, of the power to determine the position of a limb or to recognize a diiference in weights, neu'ral a., local a. induced by the injection of an anes- thetic into a nerve {intraneural) or immediately around it {paraneural), press'ure a., the forcing of ain anesthetic into the tissues, specifically into the pulp of a tooth, by pressure, pri'maiy a., a condition of general a., prior to the occurrence of insensibility, induced by the inhalation of ether or other anesthetic, spi'nal a., (i) circumscribed anesthesia of the integument due to disease of the spinal cord; (2) anesthesia of the lower part of the body induced by the injection of a local an- esthetic into the sheath of the lumbar cord, medullary narcosis, sur'gical a., general a. uni- lat'eral a., hemianesthesia, ve'nous a., local a. obtained by filling a segment of a cutaneous vein, in an ischemic limb, with a solution of novocaine or other anesthetic substance.

anesthesim'eter, anesthesiom'eter [G. an- priv. -t- aisihesis, sensation, -f- meiron, measure.] i. An instrument for determining the degree of anes-

ANESTHESIMETER

SO

ANEURYSM

thesia of a part; same as esthesiomeier. 2. An appliance for measuring the amount of an anesthetic administered by inhalation.

anes'thesin. A white, tasteless, odorless powder, the ethylic ether of para-amido-benzoic-acid ; a local anesthetic ; it has also been employed inter- nally in doses of 3 to 5 gr. (0.2-0.3) to relieve the pain of gastritis and ulcer of the stomach.

anesthesiology (an-es-the-zJ-ol'o-ji) [anesthesia + -ology.] The science that treats of the various means of inducing local or general anesthesia and of the accidents and complications of this condi- tion.

anesthesiopbore (an-es-the'zl-o-for) [anesthesia ■+■ G. pharos, a carrier.] Carrying the anesthetic action, noting the chemical group in cocaine and other substances upon which the anesthetic effect depends.

anesthet'ic, anaesthet'ic. i. Marked by anesthesia, insensible to touch, or to pain or other stimuli. 2. Producing anesthesia. 3. A drug which pro- duces local or general anesthesia, gen'eral a., one which produces general anesthesia, either by injection or by inhalation, lo'cal a., a drug which produces local anesthesia when applied to the surface or injected into the tissues.

anes'thetist. One who administers an anesthetic, usually for the production of general anesthesia.

an"esthetiza'tion. The induction of anesthesia; rendering anesthetic.

anes'thetlze. To induce anesthesia; to render anesthetic.

anesthetometer (an-es"the-tom'e-tur). Anesthesi- meter.

anes'thol. A trade name for a mixture of ethyl chloride 17.00, ether 56.75, and chloroform 43.25, having a boiling point of 40° C. (104° F.); employed by inhalation for the induction of surgical anesthesia.

anesthone (an-es'thon). Trade name of para- amido-ethyl-benzoate, a local anesthetic.

anes'thyl. A local anesthetic mixture of methyl chloride i, and ethyl chloride 5.

an'estile. Trade name for a mixture of ethyl and methyl chlorides, for use as a general anesthetic.

ane'thi fruc'tus (Br.). Dill, the fruit of Anethum graveolens; stimulant carminative in dose of gr. 15 (i.o). The aqua anethi is official in the B.P.

ane'thol (N.F.). Paramethoxypropenylbenzene, anise camphor, a derivative of fennel and anise oils; a colorless liquid at temperatures above 23° C. (73.4° F.), below 20° C. (68° F.) a white glistening camphor-like mass; employed as a flavoring substance in doses of iti!2-4 (0 . 13- 0 .26).

Ane'thum [G. anSthon, dill.] A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferm; two species, A. fosnic'ulum, fennel, and A. grave'olens, axe em- ployed in medicine; see anethi fructus and fceniculum.

anetiological (an-e-tl-o-loji-kal). Not etiological, not in accordance with the laws of etiology.

anetodermia (an'S-to-dur'mi-ah) [G. aneios, relaxed, + derma, skin.] Dermatolysis.

aneuria (i-nu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + neuron, nerve.] A failure of nerve force; neurasthenia.

aneuric (S-nu'rik). Marked by aneuria; of weak nervous constitution.

an'eurism. Aneurysm.

aneurysm (an'u-rizm) [G. aneurysma, a widen- ing.] A blood-containing tumor connecting directly with the lumen of an artery or formed by a circumscribed enlargement, either axial or

lateral, of an artery, ampull'aiy a., sacculated a. a. by anastomo'sis, (i) cirsoid a. ; (2) aneurys- mal varix.* arte"riove'nous a., a blood-contain- ing tumor connecting with both an artery and a vein; when a direct communication between the two vessels exists, without any intervening sac, the condition is called aneurysmal varix; when there is a sac between the two it is called varicose aneurysm, ax'ial a.., one involving the entire circumference of a blood-vessel, cir'soid a.,

Ligations for Aneurysm: A, Anel's: B, Hunter's; C, Brasdor's; D, Wardrop's; E, Antyllus'.

active dilatation-a. consec'utive a., diffuse a. cylin'droid a., tubular a. diffuse' a., one which has enlarged its area and spread to the sur- rounding tissues in consequence of rupture of its walls, dilata'tion-a., general enlargement of an artery; it may be active, due to an actual growth and dilatation of a vessel, usually of a, group of smaller arteries {cirsoid a.); or passive, a simple stretching of the diseased wall of the aorta' or one of its primary branches, dissect'ing a., an a. formed by the escape of blood, through a crack in the intima, into the wall of the aorta or other large artery, leading to a separation of the coats of the vessel, embol'lc a., an a. resulting from softening of the arterial wall at the site of lodge- ment of an embolus, endog'enous a., ^i simple a. resulting from dilatation of the diseased coats of an artery, exog'enous a., one due to trau- matism, false a., a pulsating swelling caused by rupture of all the coats of an artery, with reten- tion of the escaped blood in a sac formed by the surrounding tissues, fu'sifonn a.., an elongated spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery, her'nial a., the protrusion of the stretched inner coats of an artery through a wound in the adventitia. lat'eral a., peripheral a. (i). med'ical a., an a. of one of the internal arteries inaccessible to surgical measures, mil'iaiy a., one of a number of minute sacculated or fusiform dilatations of the smaller cerebral arteries, the rupture of which is a fre- quent cause of apoplexy, periph'eral a., (i) a sac- like a. springing from one side of an artery; (2) an a. of one of the smaller branches of an artery. rac'emose a., active dilatation-a. re'nal a.| renal epistaxis.* sac'cular a., a sac-like bulging on one side of an artery, formed of the middle and outer coats, ser'pentine a., dilatation and tortuosity of an artery, seen sometimes affecting the temporal artery in the aged, sponta'neous a., endogenous a. sur'gical a., an a. of one of the external arteries, which is amenable to surgical treatment, trac'tion a., an aortic a. assumed to be due to the pull of a persistent ductus arteriosus. traumat'ic a., exogenous a. tu'bular a., the uni- form dilatation of an artery along a considerable distance, var'icose a., a blood-containing sac, communicating with both an artery and a vein.

ANEURYSMAL

SI

ANGIOHYALINOSIS

aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal). Relating to an aneurysm.

aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'ik). Relating to an aneurysm, aneurysmal.

aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek'to-ml). Excision of the sac of an aneurysm.

aneurys'moplasty. Matas's operation.

aneurysmor'rhaphy. Closure by suture of the sac of an aneurysm.

aneurysmot'omy. Incision Into the sac of an aneurysm.

anfractuosity (an-fral^-tu-os'I-tl) [L. anfractus, wind- ing, crooked.] A brain fissure.

anirac'tuous. Sinuous, bending.

angei-. For words so beginning, see angi-.

Angelescu's sign (ahn-ja-les'koo). In cases of vertebral tuberculosis, when the patient lies on the back, the endeavor to bend the spine, so that he rests on the heels and occiput only, is painful or impossible of accomplishment.

Angelica (an-jel'i-kah) [L. angelic ( + herba, herb).] A genus of umbelliferous plants, found chiefly in northern temperate regions. The ripe fruit of A. archangel'ica is listed in the National Formu- lary as angelicae fructus, angelica fruit or seed (dose, gr. 15 or i .0), and the rhizome and roots of A. atropurpu'rea as angelics radix, angelica root (dose, gr. 30 or 2 . o) ; the roots of A. sylves'- tris, wild angelica are also used; the drug is tonic and stimulant in the doses above given.

angiectasia, angiectasis (an-jl-ek-ta'sl-ah. an-jl-ek'- ta-sis) [G. angeion, vessel, + ektasis, a stretching.] Dilatation of a lymphatic or blood-vessel.

angiectaticus (an-ji-ek-tatli-kus) [see angiectasia.] Marked by the presence of dilated blood-vessels.

angiecto'pia [G. angeion, vessel, -f ektopos, out of place.] Abnormal location of a blood-vessel.

angiemphraz'is [G. angeion, vessel, -t- emphraxis, stoppage.] Embolism or thrombosis.

angiitis, angitis (an-je-i'(e')tis, an-ji'(ie')tis) [G. o«geto», vessel, + -ids.'] Inflammation of a blood- vessel (arteritis, phlebitis) or of u lymphatic (lymphangitis). consec'utiTe a., a. caused by ex- tension of the inflammatory process from the surrounding tissues.

angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'(se')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, -f- leukos, white, -{- -iiis.] Lymphangitis.

angina (an'ji-nah; usually, though incorrectly, an-ji'nah) [L. quinsy.] i. Sore-throat from any cause. 2. A severe cramp-like pain. a. abdom'- iniSy severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due supposedly to irregular contractions of the blood- vessels of the intestinal walls, a. arthrit'ica, gouty or rheumatic sore-throat, a. cruris, inter- mittent claudication, a. epiglottide'a, inflamma- tion of the epiglottis, a. follicula'ris, follic- ular tonsillitis, a. gangrseno'sa, a. maligna. a. Ludovi'ci or Lud'wig's a., phlegmonous inflam- ■ mation of the connective tissue in the neighbor- hood of one of the submaxillary glands, a.. malig'na, gangrenous pharyngitis; putrid sore throat, a. no'tha, a. vasomotoria, a. parotid'ea mumps, a. pec'toris [L. pectus, chest], severe constricting pain in the chest, radiating from the region of the heart into the left shoulder and down the arm, sometimes into the back and down both arms, accompanied by a sense of cardiac oppres- sion and the apprehension of immediate death; breast-pang. a. spu'ria, a, vasomotoria, a. ulcero'sa, ulcerative pharyngitis, a. urat'ica, gouty pharyngitis, a. vasomoto'ria, a. pectoris in which the breast-pang is comparatively slight, but pallor, followed by cyanosis, and cold- ness and numbness of the extremities are

marked, diph'theroid a., Vincent's a. nerve a,, a. severe neuralgic attack due to spasmodic closure of sclerotic arteries of the nerves and posterior ganglia, reflex' a., a. vasomotoria. ulceromem'branous a., Vincent's a. Vin'cent's a. diphtheroid a., ulceromcmbrangvis a.; an ulcero- membranous inflammation of the tonsil, accom- panied by fever and other constitutional symp- toms, due to the presence of Vincent's fusiform bacillus.

an'ginal. Relating to any angina, especially to angina pectoris.

an'ginoid [angina + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling an angina, especially angina pectoris.

anginopho'bia [angina + G. phobos, fear.] Extreme fear of an attack of angina pectoris.

an'ginose, an'ginous. Relating to any angina, a. scarlati'na, a form of scarlatina in which the throat affection is unusually severe.

angioataxia (an"ji-o-a-tak'd-ah) [G. angeion, vessel, + ataxia, confusion.] A condition of irregular spasmodic variability in arterial tonus.

an'gioblast [G. angeion, vessel, -f- blasios, germ.] One of the cells from which the blood-vessels are developed.

an"giocar"diocinet'ic, an"giocar"diokinet'ic [G. an- geion, vessel, + kardia, heart, + kinesis, move- ment.] Causing dilatation or contraction in the heart and blood-vessels.

angiocardltis (an"jJ-o-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + kardia, heart, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the heart and blood-vessels.

angiocar'pous [G. angeion, vessel, -I- karpos, fruit.] I. In botany, noting fungi in which the hjmie- neal layer is disposed inside the tissue of the sporocarp. 2. Having the fruit enclosed.

angiocavemo'ma. Angioma cavemosum.

angiocay'emous. Relating to the condition present in angioma* cavemosum.

angiocholitis (an-ji-o-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + chole, bile, -I- -itis.1 Cholangitis ; inflam- mation of the bile-ducts.

angiodermatitis (an"ji-o-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. an- geion, vessel, -{- derma, skin, -j — itis^ Inflamma- tion of the cutaneous vessels.

angiodys'trophy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- dys-, bad, -f trophe, nourishment.] A nutritional disorder asso- ciated with marked vascular changes.

angiofibro'ma, pi. angiofibro'mata. An angioma with overgrowth of the connective-tissue framework; telangiectatic flbroma. a. contagio'sum trop'- icum, a dermatosis occurring in southern Brazil, marked by an eruption of bright red papules becoming nodules of a violaceous color.

angiogen'esis [G. angeion, vessel, + genesis, origin.] Development of the blood-vessels.

angiogenic (an-ji-o-jen'ik) . i. Relating to angio- genesis. 2. Of vascular origin, due to arterial degeneration.

an"gioglio'ma. A mixed glioma and angioma.

an"giogliomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia.

angiogliosis (an-jl-o-gli-o'sis). The occurrence of an angioglioma.

an'giograph [G. angeion, vessel, -h grapho, I re- cord.] Sphygmograph.

angiog'raphy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- graphs, a record.] A description of the blood-vessels and lymphatics.

angiohyalinosis (an"jl(-o-hi"al-in-o'sis) [G. angeion, vessel, -H hyalos, glass, + -dsis.\ Hyaline or ■waxy degeneration of the muscular coat of the blood-vessels, a. hsemorrhag'ica, hemophilia due to a congenital degeneration of the muscular coats of the arteries.

ANGIOHYPERTONIA

52

ANGIOTRIBE

an"giohyperto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hyper, over, + tonos, tension.] A condition of spasmodic con- traction of the arteries ; angiospasm.

an"giohy"poto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hypo, under, + tonos, tension.] A condition of vascular relaxation; ai^oparalysis, angioparesis.

angioid (an'jK-oyd) [G. angeion, vessel, + eidos, resembling.] Resembling blood-vessels.

angiokerato'ma, pi. angiokeraio'mata [G. angeion, vessel, -I- keras, horn, -oma.'] A wart-like out- growth of the homy layer of the epidermis seated upon a telangiectatic patch.

angiokerato'sis. The occurrence of multiple angio- keratomata.

angioleucitis, angioleukitis (an"ji-o-lu-si'(se')tis, an"jS-o-lu-ki'(ke')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + leukos, white, + -iiis.l Lymphangitis.

an"giolipo'ma. A mixed lipoma and angioma.

an'giolith [G. angeion, vessel, + lithos, stone.] i. A venous calculus, phlebolith.* x. A calcareous deposit in the wall of an artery.

angiolith'ic. Relating to an angiolith.

angiol'ogy [G. angeion, vessel, + -logia.'j The science which treats of the blood-vessels and lymphatics in all their relations.

angiolymphltis (an"ji-o-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymphan- gitis.

an"giolyinpho'nia [G. angeion, vessel, -1- L. lympha, lymph, + G. -oma.] A tumor composed chiefly of dilated lymphatics.

angioma, pi. angio'mata (an-ji-o'mah) [G. angeion, vessel, -t- -oma.] A swelling or tumor due to dilatation of the blood-vessels (hemangioma) or lymphatics (lymphangioma), a. caTemo'sum, cavernous a., cavemoma; a vascular erectile tumor containing large blood-filled spaces due apparently to dilatation and thickening of the walls of the capillary loops, a. cu'tis, an extreme form of nsevus vascularis, hypertrophic nevus, in which the tumor is formed of a network of widely dilated blood-vessels, a. hypertroph'icum, hyper- trophic a., a tumor formed of capillary vessels and of solid cylinders caused by hyperplasia of the endothelium, a. serpigino'sum, infective a., the presence of rings of red dots on the skin, which tend to widen peripherally, due to proliferation, with subsequent atrophy, of the superficial capillaries, a. sim'plex, simple a., a new growth characterized by the formation of new, usually dilated, capillaries with thickened wall due to an overgrowth of the endothelium, a. Teno'sum racemo'sum, the appearance (tortuous swelling) caused by varicosities of superficial veins, infec'- tive a., a. serpiginosum. plex'ifonn a., a., cutis.

angiomalacia (an"jI-o-ma-la'sI-ah) [G. angeion, vessel, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the walls of the blood-vessels.

angiomato'sis. A condition characterized by mul- tiple angiomata.

angio'matous. Relating to or resembling an angioma.

angiom'eter [G. angeion, vessel, + melron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the diameter of a blood-vessel.

angiomyocardiac (an"jI-o-mi-o-kar'dI-ak) [G. an- geion, vessel, + mys(myo-), muscle, -I- kardia, heart.] Relating to the blood-vessels and the cardiac muscle.

angiomyoma (an"jI-o-mi-o'mah) . A mixed angioma and myoma; a very vascular myoma.

an''gioiny"oBarco'ma. A very vascular myosar- coma.

angioneurectomy (an"jl-o-nu-rek'to-ml) [G. angeion vessel, -h neuron, nerve, -{- ektome, exsection.]

1. Exsection of the vessels and nerves of a part

2. [G. neuron, cofd.] Exsection of a segment of the spermatic cord for the relief of an enlarged prostate or to produce sterility.

angioneuredema (an"ji-o-nu-re-de'mah) [G. angeion vessel, + neuron, nerve, + oidema, a swelling Edema due to an angioneurosis, or vasomotor disorder; written also angioneuroaedema.

angioneurosis, angeioneurosis (an"jI-o-nu-ro;sis) [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron, nerve, -1- -osis.] A disorder due to disease or injury of the vasomotor nerves or center. ,

an"gioneurot'ic. Relating to an angioneurosis.

angioneuTot'omy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron, nerve, -I- tome, a. cutting.] JDivision of both nerves and vessels of a part.

angioparal'ysis [G. angeion, vessel, + paralysis.] A condition of relaxation and loss of tone in the muscular coats of the smaller arteries causing a fall in blood-pressure; angiohypotonus.

angiopar'esis. Angioparalysis of slight degree.

angiop'athy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the blood-vessels or lymphatics.

an'gioplany [G. angeion, vessel, H- plane, wandering.] Angiectopia.

angiopoietic (an"jl-o-poy-et'ik) [G. angeion, vessel, + poied,