The Paradox of Increasing Complexity: Critique of Contemporary Mainstreams

This paper constitutes the second part of the author's comprehensive three-volume research project, “The Mystery of the Nameless Length: The Path to Understanding Time” (Volume I: First Principles: Time, Space, and Field). Situated firmly within the domains of the philosophy of science, epistemology, and the methodology of theoretical physics, this study provides a rigorous historical-philosophical critique of contemporary scientific mainstreams. The author deploys the principle of genetic criticism to trace how temporary physical hypotheses from Newton to Einstein, Schrödinger, and Dirac gradually petrified into dogmatic axioms. The core inquiry exposes the 'paradox of increasing complexity,' demonstrating how modern reductionist physics, in its pursuit of a unified 'Theory of Everything,' multiplies abstract mathematical entities (such as gauge fields and renormalization fixes) instead of uncovering a singular physical substrate. Central to the text's philosophical framework is the deconstruction of the foundational tension between the axioms of actual and potential infinity, showing how their uncritical synthesis has skewed the contemporary worldview. By analyzing the structural limitations of General Relativity (the lack of a dynamic mechanism for spacetime curvature) and Quantum Mechanics (the replacement of rotational-spatial wave dynamics with linear statistical probability functions), the author outlines an alternative path. The study introduces a four-stage cosmic energy cycle governed by 'retropy' – a non-entropic structuring vector operating in non-inertial reference frames. Furthermore, it challenges the baryonic asymmetry puzzle by proposing a geometric reinterpretation of Dirac's equation, wherein antiparticles (e.g., the positron) are understood not as distinct matter forms, but as the same microparticle viewed from the opposite end-faces of its polarized spiral wave or poles of toroidal structures. Ultimately, this work serves as an ontological manifesto for a transition toward a different cosmology.