Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Image Formation in Optics through a Bilingual Electronic Science Module (e-BiSciMo)

Many secondary students continue to face conceptual challenges in understanding image formation by mirrors and lenses, often attributed to the topic’s abstract and spatial nature. This study developed and evaluated an electronic-based science module (e-BiSciMo) aligned with the Grade 10 K to 12 Science Competency S10FE-IIg-50. The module was designed to support independent learning using principles of multimedia instruction. A one-group pretest-posttest design involving 40 Grade 10 students was employed to examine changes in conceptual understanding following the implementation of the module. Quantitative data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and Cohen’s d. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in post-test scores (p = .0041), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 2.25), suggesting a meaningful gain in student performance. Expert validation using the DepEd LRMDS evaluation tool rated the module as “Very Satisfactory” in content, instructional quality, technical aspects, and accuracy. While the study was limited in scope, initial findings indicate the potential value of e-BiSciMo as a supplementary instructional tool in secondary science education.